Group 2: Arranz, Christian G. Belen, Marielle Bernadette M. Cruz, Asher Dematawaran, Caryl Lyca M. Tolentino, Percival Jerome A.

Mercado, Sandra Meg H. Galang, Gladys Ericka D. Ebol, Karla Marie S. Francisco, Niko Paolo M. Basul, Danielle Anne T.

LEADERSHIP in Southeast Asia

yung nasa ppt ni maam: LEADERSHIP:

-network of personal loyalties -defined by personal relations, not territorial boundary -fluid

I. Pre-colonial Period A. Patriarchal 1. Definition (Karla) Patriarchy - a social system wherein males are the primary authority figures thus occupying roles in leadership a. SEA countries that used patriarchal system 2. Feminist Theory vs. Patriarchal Leadership (Karla) - incompatible - it is unjust to women - difference between masculinity and femininity is the political difference between freedom and subjection source: wikipedia.com http://sisterhoodispowerful.wordpress.com 3. Different Views B. Matriarchal 1. Definition (Karla) A matriarchal leadership is a family, community, or society based on this system or governed by women. source: chacha.com/question/what-is-matriarchal-leadership

2. Matriarchal leadership in religion (Marielle) a. Babaylan

- Oldest religion in Southeast Asia is animism - Animism was strong in the Philippine - Babaylan - Filipino term for healer or seer or miracle worker - Most of the babaylan are female. They were given the highest respects and given great importance. - Babaylan were later called witches, a derogatory term given by the Westerners

b. Binukot - Practiced in central Panay - A female isolated from the rest of the community. She is not allowed to work or even to be exposed to sunlight. - Considered to be the most beautiful maiden of the community, her hand in marriage goes to the suitor that offers the highest dowry - Her role is to chant epics and other stories of the communitys history C. Barangay (Basul, D. source- Filipino Pre-history: Rediscovering Precolonial Heritage by F. Landa Jocano, 1998) 1. Definition a. Is a state by definition: the complex of institutions by means of which power of the society is organized on a basis superior to kinship (Fried, 1976) 2. Government a. ruled by a datu (in some areas, aided by council of elders) b. own set of custom laws c. each brgy is independent of each other d. common heritage - all brgys traced their heritage to the founding families derived from the boat balanghai 3. Datuship a. leadership was assumed from rich, influential families and passed on to their children b. it is possible for the non-elite to become datu through courage, skills in war, wealth, or marriage; but most important is to have charisma c. assumes legislative and judiciary roles, as well as being the mediator and war leader 4. Legal System a. set of custom laws called battasan b. served as basis for decision making, social justice, familial duties, inheritance, etc. c. guide for ethical and moral behavior 5. Social Classes a. Datu - elite families b. Maharlika - wealthy families that enjoy certain privileges like being exempted from taxes; is also the warrior or bagani class c. Timawa - free commoners; bulk of the population

d. Alipin i. namamahay - lived in their own house ii. saguiguilid - prisoners of war; no material possessions; lived in masters house; no social privileges 6. Inter-barangay relations a. forged alliances with other brgys in times of need, but still rule separately from each other b. formed through marriage or blood compact sandugo II. Colonial Period (Cruz, Asher) A. Overview (Marielle) 1. Trade boomed in the 1450s and brought great wealth. Some call this period the Early Modern 2. A leader is one who has acquired great wealth through trade. 3. Wealth lead to better weaponry which meant greater power. 4. Colonizers used these leaders to gain stronghold of their region. B. Type of Government per SEA Country 1. Liberal colonial governments (Great Britain and the United States) These two governments maintained a good record with respect to the rule of law, civil liberties, political participation, open education, and economic opportunity. Both were willing to allow their colonies to become independent and had begun to prepare them for future independence before the Second World War began. 2. Repressive colonial governments (The Spanish, Dutch, and French) They generally placed the European in a superior legal position, and limited civil liberties. Political activities were discouraged. Access to modern education was restricted in numbers and to certain social groups. Censorship was common. Southeast Asians were not encouraged to engage in modern economic activities. And there were major problems of corruption in the Spanish and French colonial governments. (http://www.seasite.niu.edu/crossroads/wilson/colonialism.htm)

C. Leaders toward Freedom PHILIPPINES: Lapu-lapu, Jose Rizal (illustrado), Andres Bonifacio...among the many Philippine heroes who fought against the Spanish regime -leaders made use of propaganda paraphernalia, education acquired through voyages in pursuit of freedom

MYANMAR: Aung San female activist, VIETNAM: Vo Nguyen Giap decisive military victories (http://uhurunews.com/story?resource_name=vo-ngyuen-giap-hero-of-thevietnamese-liberation-struggle-dies-at-102)

MALAYSIA: Chin Peng manipulation of the military forces (http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/chin-peng-malaysianguerrilla-who-led-long-brutal-fight-against-british-colonial-rulersdies/2013/09/16/eceb7b4a-1ee0-11e3-b7d1-7153ad47b549_story.html) III. Post-colonial Period

C. Famous leaders and their contributions 1. Ferdinand Marcos Picture (http://www.japanfocus.org/data/typhoon1.jpg) 2. Pol Pot Picture (http://a66c7b.medialib.glogster.com/alexaquarian/media/e1/e1a3a17c1eda7ebf0d5dc 3c309bf084879667c1c/pol-pot-face.jpg) 3. Mahathir Bin Mohamad Picture (http://www.rimanews.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/article/Mahatir_1.jpg) 4. Lee Kuan Yew Picture (http://cimg.163.com/catchpic/0/04/046F26808F53709EB448552E609C89D9.jpg) 5. Aung San Suu Kyi Picture (http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/2012/12/burma-aungsan-suu-kyi/_jcr_content/par/cn_contentwell/parmain/cn_pagination_contai/cn_image.size.aung-san-suu-kyi.jpg) C. International relations 1. ASEAN 2. Southeast Asia in United Nations