Presented by Dr.

Hashem Hassouna

Lecturer Of Oral maxollo facial Faculty Of Dentistry Pharos University P.U.A

10/11/2009 Dr. Hashem Hassouna

Oral surgery specialty did not exist of hundred years ago. Dentistry was a young profession not highly considered by medical profession which they were responsible of surgical procedures of jaws and related structure. Baltimore college of dental surgery 1840 began the modern practice of oral surgery with well trained dentist, stimulate dentist toward mal formation of jaws and associated structure.

Dr. Hashem Hassouna

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Edwin Smith papyrus in New York described that a ancient Egyptian (1700-1600B.C) 27 head injuries including fracture and dislocation of jaws injuries of lip and chin with diagnosis, treatment,prognosis. Hippocrates in Greece 416B.C has used forceps for extractions of decayed teeth.

Dr. Hashem Hassouna

10/11/2009

Highly developed Roman Empire was concerned with treatment of oral region jaw fractures. The Fall of the empire plunged the Christian world into a scientific void from whom they recovered in the 16th and 17th century .

Dr. Hashem Hassouna

10/11/2009

Renaissance 15-16th century was advanced in anatomical- surgical advancement.

Dr. Hashem Hassouna

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Ambroise Pare (1510-1590) French oral surgeon employed as an army surgeon , he preferred measures less drastic than those of other surgeons , he introduced the implantation of Gold, Silver teeth. After Renaissance little advancement occurred until 19th century when scene dramatically switched to America and focused upon great pioneers.

Dr. Hashem Hassouna

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Was a dental surgeon born in Florida. He described treatment of maxillary sinus infection, cleft palate ,lip treatment fracture mandible. He also developed numerous dental instruments

Dr. Hashem Hassouna

10/11/2009

Pioneer of Cleft Palate repair and leader of dental education.

Dr. Hashem Hassouna

10/11/2009

Earliest American pioneer in oral surgery and great researcher on facial bones, developed surgical engine operation, electrical surgical instruments which enhanced greatly the oral surgery field.

Dr. Hashem Hassouna

10/11/2009

Is known to founder of US army dental corps Professor of dental pathology and oral surgery. Had many publishes on injury and surgical diseases of face, mouth and jaws.

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In the last quarter of the 19th century there was a question that oral surgery should be recognized as a specialty separated from general surgery. In 1881 meeting of American medical association was stated that medical degree is important to practice oral surgery. With passing of this era in history of oral surgery a change had gradually took place and due to the work of some pioneers that have certain talents for treatment facial fractures and pathological conditions affecting the mouth and jaws such doctors are Chalmer Lyons Kurt Thoma Harry Archer John Laskin
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Influence on Profession of Dentistry by Chalmers

Lyons in 1934 made the following observation the great advancement of local anesthesia ,x-ray and experiments gained in major and minor oral surgery.

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1st role of dentist in 19th century in American Civil war was treatment of casualties, jaws fractures through reduction and fixation. Thus lead to establishment , discover and improve of techniques in management of facial injuries. Dr.Gunnings was a pioneer in treatment of fractured mandible and he had invented intraoral splint which was passing screws into natural teeth for 4 months.

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Also James Bean another dentist had also shown a great prominence for construction of splints for treatment of jaw fracture. Effort of Both Gunning and Bean had resulted in better patient management and achieved recognition the role of dentist. In world war I more than 5000 dentists were on duty and their role didnt stop to dental care treatment but it had exceeded to include

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Facial injuries ,closure and debridement of wounds . Statistics mentioned that: 2000 fractured jaw bone 1123 gunshot fractures of the mandible 125 needed bone grafting While in war world II as a result of heavy casualties and progress of missiles leading to perform establishment of maxillofacial surgical teams

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Consisting of : Plastic surgeon Oral surgeon Surgical nurse Anesthetic Supporting early care for tracheostomy

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While in Korean-Vietnam war evacuation of casualties through helicopters transportation to specialized field hospitals where a specialized surgical team get care and thus leading to reduce death and thus proof that oral surgeons had assumed the major role in treatment of these case.

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