GPRS Quick Guide

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GPRS - QUICK GUIDE

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GPRS - OVERVIEW
GPRS stands for General Packet Radio System. GPRS pro ides packet radio access for mo!ile Glo!al System for "o!ile Communications #GS"$ and time%di ision multiple access #&'"($ users. GPRS is important as a migration step toward third%generation #)G$ networks and allows network operators to implement an *P%!ased core architecture for data applications+ which will continue to !e used and e,panded for )G ser ices for integrated oice and data applications. GPRS is a new !earer ser ice for GS" that greatly impro es and simplifies wireless access to packet data networks+ e.g.+ to the *nternet. *t applies a packet radio principle to transfer user data packets in an efficient way !etween GS" mo!ile stations and e,ternal packet data networks. Packets can !e directly routed from the GPRS mo!ile stations to packet switched networks. -etworks !ased on the *nternet Protocol #*P$ #e.g.+ the glo!al *nternet or pri ate/corporate intranets$ and ../0 networks are also supported in the current ersions of GPRS.

Who owns GPRS?

&he GPRS specifications are written !y the 1uropean &elecommunications Standard *nstitute #1&S*$+ the 1uropean counterpart of the (merican -ational Standard *nstitute #(-S*$.

Key Features:
&he following three key features descri!e wireless packet data: The always onl ne !eature: Remo es the dial%up process+ making applications only one click away. "n u#$ra%e to e& st n$ syste's: 2perators do not ha e to replace their equipment3 rather+ GPRS is added on top of the e,isting infrastructure. "n nte$ral #art o! !uture (G syste's: GPRS is the packet data core network for )G systems 1'G1 and 4C'"(.

Goals o! GPRS:
GPRS is the first step toward an end%to%end wireless infrastructure and has the following goals: 2pen architecture Consistent *P ser ices Same infrastructure for different air interfaces *ntegrated telephony and *nternet infrastructure 5e erage industry in estment in *P Ser ice inno ation independent of infrastructure

)ene! ts o! GPRS: * $her Data Rate:

6sers of GPRS !enefit from shorter access times and higher data rates. *n con entional GS"+ the connection setup takes se eral seconds and rates for data transmission are restricted to 7.8 k!it/s. GPRS in practice offers session esta!lishment times !elow one second and *S'-%like data rates up to se eral ten k!it/s.

Easy ) ll n$:
GPRS packet transmission offers a more userfriendly !illing than that offered !y circuit switched ser ices. *n circuit switched ser ices+ !illing is !ased on the duration of the connection. &his is unsuita!le for applications with !ursty traffic. &he user must pay for the entire airtime+ e en for idle periods when no packets are sent #e.g.+ when the user reads a 4e! page$. *n contrast to this+ with packet switched ser ices+ !illing can !e !ased on the amount of transmitted data. &he ad antage for the user is that he or she can !e 9online9 o er a long period of time !ut will !e !illed !ased on the transmitted data olume.

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Su''ary:
&o sum up+ GPRS impro es the utili:ation of the radio resources+ offers olume%!ased !illing+ higher transfer rates+ shorter access times+ and simplifies the access to packet data networks.

GPRS - "PP+IC"TIO,S
GPRS ena!les a ariety of new and unique ser ices to the mo!ile wireless su!scri!er. &hese mo!ile ser ices ha e unique characteristics that pro ide enhanced alue to customers. &hese characteristics include the following: -o. l ty: &he a!ility to maintain constant oice and data communications while on the mo e. I''e% a/y: (llows su!scri!ers to o!tain connecti ity when needed+ regardless of location and without a lengthy login session. +o/al 0at on: (llows su!scri!ers to o!tain information rele ant to their current location. &he com!ination of these characteristics pro ides a wide spectrum of possi!le applications that can !e offered to mo!ile su!scri!ers. *n general+ applications can !e separated into two high%le el categories: corporate and consumer. &hese include: Co''un /at ons: 1%mail+ fa,+ unified messaging and intranet/*nternet access+ etc. Value-a%%e% ser1 /es: *nformation ser ices and games+ etc. E-/o''er/e: Retail+ ticket purchasing+ !anking and financial trading+ etc. +o/at on-.ase% a##l /at ons: -a igation+ traffic conditions+ airline/rail schedules and location finder+ etc. Vert /al a##l /at ons: ;reight deli ery+ fleet management and sales%force automation. "%1ert s n$: (d ertising may !e location sensiti e. ;or e,ample+ a user entering a mall can recei e ad ertisements specific to the stores in that mall. *t is also possi!le to send S"S messages o er GPRS. *n addition+ it is planned to implement supplementary ser ices+ such as call forwarding unconditional #C;6$+ call forwarding on mo!ile su!scri!er not reacha!le #C;-Rc$+ and closed user group #C6G$.

GPRS - "RC*ITECTURE
GPRS is a data network that o erlays a second%generation GS" network. &his data o erlay network pro ides packet data transport at rates from 7.8 to <=< k!ps. (dditionally+ multiple users can share the same air%interface resources simultaneously. ;ollowing is the GPRS (rchitecture diagram:

GPRS attempts to reuse the e,isting GS" network elements as much as possi!le+ !ut to effecti ely !uild a packet%!ased mo!ile cellular network+ some new network elements+ interfaces+ and protocols for handling packet traffic are required. &herefore+ GPRS requires modifications to numerous GS" network elements as summari:ed !elow:

GS- ,etwor2 Ele'ent

-o% ! /at on or U#$ra%e Re3u re% !or GPRS4

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"o!ile Station #"S$

-ew "o!ile Station is required to access GPRS ser ices. &hese new terminals will !e !ackward compati!le with GS" for oice calls. ( software upgrade is required in the e,isting !ase transcei er site. &he !ase station controller #>SC$ requires a software upgrade and the installation of new hardware called the packet control unit #PC6$. &he PC6 directs the data traffic to the GPRS network and can !e a separate hardware element associated with the >SC. &he deployment of GPRS requires the installation of new core network elements called the ser ing GPRS support node #SGS-$ and gateway GPRS support node #GGS-$. (ll the data!ases in ol ed in the network will require software upgrades to handle the new call models and functions introduced !y GPRS.

>&S >SC

GPRS Support -odes #GS-s$

'ata!ases #?5R+ @5R+ etc.$

GPRS -o. le Stat ons:

-ew "o!ile Stations are required to use GPRS ser ices !ecause e,isting GS" phones do not handle the enhanced air interface or packet data. ( ariety of "S can e,ist+ including a high%speed ersion of current phones to support high%speed data access+ a new P'( de ice with an em!edded GS" phone+ and PC cards for laptop computers. &hese mo!ile stations are !ackward compati!le for making oice calls using GS".

GPRS )ase Stat on Su.syste':

1ach >SC requires the installation of one or more Packet Control 6nits #PC6s$ and a software upgrade. &he PC6 pro ides a physical and logical data interface to the !ase station su!system #>SS$ for packet data traffic. &he >&S can also require a software upgrade !ut typically does not require hardware enhancements. 4hen either oice or data traffic is originated at the su!scri!er mo!ile+ it is transported o er the air interface to the >&S+ and from the >&S to the >SC in the same way as a standard GS" call. ?owe er+ at the output of the >SC+ the traffic is separated3 oice is sent to the mo!ile switching center #"SC$ per standard GS"+ and data is sent to a new de ice called the SGS- ia the PC6 o er a ;rame Relay interface.

GPRS Su##ort ,o%es:

;ollowing two new components+ called GPRS support nodes #GS-s$+ are added:

Gateway GPRS su##ort no%e 5GGS,6:

&he Gateway GPRS Support -ode acts as an interface and a router to e,ternal networks. &he GGS- contains routing information for GPRS mo!iles which is used to tunnel packets through the *P !ased internal !ack!one to the correct Ser ing GPRS Support -ode. &he GGS- also collects charging information connected to the use of the e,ternal data networks and can act as a packet filter for incoming traffic.

Ser1 n$ GPRS su##ort no%e 5SGS,6:

&he Ser ing GPRS Support -ode is responsi!le for authentication of GPRS mo!iles+ registration of mo!iles in the network+ mo!ility management+ and collecting information for charging for the use of the air interface.

Internal )a/2.one:
&he internal !ack!one is an *P !ased network used to carry packets !etween different GS-s. &unnelling is used !etween SGS-s and GGS-s+ so the internal !ack!one does not need any information a!out domains outside the GPRS network. Signalling from a GS- to a "SC+ ?5R or 1*R is done using SS=.

Rout n$ "rea:
GPRS introduces the concept of a routing area. &his is much the same as a 5ocation (rea in GS"+ e,cept that it will generally contain fewer cells. >ecause routing areas are smaller than 5ocation (reas+ less radio resources are used when a paging message is !roadcast.

GPRS - PROTOCO+ ST"CK

;ollowing diagram shows the GPRS protocol stack and end%to%end message flows from the "S to the GGS-. &he protocol !etween the SGS- and GGS- using the Gn interface is G&P. &his is a 5ayer ) tunneling protocol.

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2ne of the most important things to note here is that the application communicates ia standard *P+ which is carried through the GPRS network and out through the gateway GPRS looks like a normal *P su!%network to users !oth inside and outside the network. (lso notice that packets tra elling !etween the GGS- and the SGS- use the GPRS tunnelling protocol+ so the internal !ack!one network does not ha e to deal with *P addresses outside the GPRS network. &his G&P is run o er 6'P and *P. >etween the SGS- and the "S a com!ination of Su!-etwork 'ependent Con ergence Protocol and 5ogical 5ink Control is used. S-'CP compresses data to minimi:e the load on the radio channel. &he 55C pro ides a safe logical link !y encrypting packets. &he same 55C link is used as long as a mo!ile is under a single SGS-. 4hen the mo!ile mo es to a routing area that lies under a different SGS-+ the 55C link is remo ed and a new link is esta!lished with the new Ser ing GS- ../0. Ser ices are pro ided !y running ../0 on top of &CP/*P in the internal !ack!one.

GPRS - QU"+IT7 OF SERVICE

&he Auality of Ser ice AoS requirements of typical mo!ile packet data applications are ery di erse. ;or e,ample+ different GPRS applications like realtime multimedia+ 4e! !rowsing+ and e%mail transfer need a different AoS support. &his AoS !ecomes a ery important feature of GPRS ser ices. GPRS allows defining AoS profiles using the parameters ser ice precedence+ relia!ility+ delay+ and throughput. &hese parameters are descri!ed !elow:

Ser1 /e Pre/e%en/e:
&he ser ice precedence is the priority of a ser ice in relation to another ser ice. &here e,ist three le els of priority: high+ normal+ and low.

Rel a. l ty:
&he relia!ility indicates the transmission characteristics required !y an application. &hree relia!ility classes are defined which guarantee certain ma,imum alues for the pro!a!ility of loss+ duplication+ mis%sequencing+ and corruption of packets.

Delay:
&he delay is defined as the end%to%end transfer time !etween two communicating mo!ile stations or !etween a mo!ile station and the Gi interface to an e,ternal packet data network. &his includes all delays within the GPRS network+ e.g.+ the delay for request and assignment of radio resources and the transit delay in the GPRS !ack!one network. &ransfer delays outside the GPRS network+ e.g.+ in e,ternal transit networks+ are not taken into account.

Throu$h#ut:
&he throughput specifies the ma,imum/peak !it rate and the mean !it rate. 6sing these AoS classes+ AoS profiles can !e negotiated !etween the mo!ile user and the network for each session+ depending on the AoS demand and the current a aila!le resources. &he !illing of the ser ice is then !ased on the transmitted data olume+ the type of ser ice+ and the chosen AoS profile.

GPRS - -S C+"SSES

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&he handset is pro!a!ly the most well%known piece of equipment+ !ecause this is the part we use to make phone calls and to access data ser ices. 4hen we talk a!out ad anced ser ices+ the handset is commonly called an "S+ which consists of terminal equipment #&1$ and a mo!ile terminal #"&$. &1 is the de ice that hosts the applications and the user interaction+ while the "& is the part that connects to the network. *n the following e,ample+ Palm Pilot is &1 and "o!ile phone is "&.

*n order to take ad antage of the new GPRS ser ices+ we need new GPRS ena!led handsets. &here are three different classes of GPRS terminal quipments:

Class ":
Class ( terminals can handle packet data and oice at the same time. *n other words+ we need two transcei ers !ecause the handset has to send and/ or recei e data and oice at the same time. &his situation makes class ( terminals significantly more e,pensi e to manufacture than class > and C terminals.

Class ):
Class > terminals can handle !oth packet data and oice+ !ut not at the same time. *n other words+ you can use the same transcei er for !oth+ keeping the cost of the terminals down. *n practice+ the GPRS session #like 4(P !rowsing+ file transfer+ and so on$ is suspended when a GS" oice call is started. ?ow this information is presented to the user is up to the de ice manufacturer+ !ut one way is to gi e the user the choice !etween recei ing an incoming call and maintaining the data session. &hat way+ a user who is transferring money !etween his or her accounts !y using a 4(P ser ice does not ha e to stop that transaction Bust !ecause someone calls.

Class C:
Class C terminals can only handle either oice or data. 1,amples of class C terminals are GPRS PC"/C*( cards+ em!edded modules in ending machines+ and so on. 'ue to the high cost of class ( handsets+ most handset manufacturers ha e announced that their first handsets will !e class >. &here is currently work going on in )GPP to standardi:e a lightweight ( class in order to make handsets with simultaneous oice and data a aila!le at a reasona!le cost.

GPRS - PDP CO,TE8T

&he P'P addresses are network layer addresses #2pen Standards *nterconnect C2S*D model 5ayer )$. GPRS systems support !oth ../0 and *P network layer protocols. &herefore+ P'P addresses can !e ../0+ *P+ or !oth. 1ach P'P address is anchored at a Gateway GPRS Support -ode #GGS-$+ as shown in ;igure !elow. (ll packet data traffic sent from the pu!lic packet data network for the P'P address goes through the gateway #GGS-$.

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&he pu!lic packet data network is only concerned that the address !elongs to a specific GGS-. &he GGS- hides the mo!ility of the station from the rest of the packet data network and from computers connected to the pu!lic packet data network. Statically assigned P'P addresses are usually anchored at a GGS- in the su!scri!erEs home network. Con ersely+ dynamically assigned P'P addresses can !e anchored either in the su!scri!erEs home network or the network that the user is isiting. 4hen a "S is already attached to a SGS- and wants to !egin transferring data+ it must acti ate a P'P address. (cti ating a P'P address esta!lishes an association !etween the mo!ileEs current SGS- and the GGS- that anchors the P'P address. The re/or% 2e#t .y the SGS, an% the GGS, re$ar% n$ th s asso/ at on s /alle% the PDP /onte&t4 *t is important to understand the difference !etween a "S attaching to a SGS- and a "S acti ating a P'P address. ( single "S attaches to only one SGS-3 howe er+ it may ha e multiple P'P addresses that are all acti e at the same time. 1ach of the addresses may !e anchored to a different GGS-. *f packets arri e from the pu!lic packet data network at a GGS- for a specific P'P address and the GGS- does not ha e an acti e P'P conte,t corresponding to that address+ it may simply discard the packets. Con ersely+ the GGSmay attempt to acti ate a P'P conte,t with a "S if the address is statically assigned to a particular mo!ile.

GPRS - D"T" ROUTI,G

2ne of the main requirements in the GPRS network is the routing of data packets to and from a mo!ile user. &he requirement can !e di ided into two areas: data packet routing and mo!ility management.

Data Pa/2et Rout n$:

&he main functions of the GGS- in ol e interaction with the e,ternal data network. &he GGS- updates the location directory using routing information supplied !y the SGS-s a!out the location of an "S. *t routes the e,ternal data network protocol packet encapsulated o er the GPRS !ack!one to the SGS- currently ser ing the "S. *t also decapsulates and forwards e,ternal data network packets to the appropriate data network and collects charging data that is forwarded to a charging gateway #CG$. &here are three important routing schemes: -o. le-or $ nate% 'essa$e: &his path !egins at the GPRS mo!ile and ends at the host ,etwor2- n t ate% 'essa$e when the -S s n ts ho'e networ2: &his path !egins at the host and ends at the GPRS mo!ile ,etwor2- n t ate% 'essa$e when the -S roa's to another GPRS networ2: &his path !egins at the host of isited network and ends at the GPRS mo!ile &he GPRS network encapsulates all data network protocols into its own encapsulation protocol called the GPRS tunnelling protocol #G&P$. &he G&P ensures security in the !ack!one network and simplifies the routing mechanism and the deli ery of data o er the GPRS network.

-o. l ty -ana$e'ent:
&he operation of the GPRS is partly independent of the GS" network. ?owe er+ some procedures share the network elements with current GS" functions to increase efficiency and to make optimum use of free GS" resources #such as unallocated time slots$. (n "S can !e any of the following three states in the GPRS system. &he three%state model is unique to packet radio. GS" uses a two%state model either idle or acti e.

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"/t 1e State:
'ata is transmitted !etween an "S and the GPRS network only when the "S is in the acti e state. *n the acti e state+ the SGS- knows the cell location of the "S. Packet transmission to an acti e "S is initiated !y packet paging to notify the "S of an incoming data packet. &he data transmission proceeds immediately after packet paging through the channel indicated !y the paging message. &he purpose of the paging message is to simplify the process of recei ing packets. &he "S listens to only the paging messages instead of to all the data packets in the downlink channels. &his reduces !attery usage significantly. 4hen an "S has a packet to transmit+ it must access the uplink channel #i.e.+ the channel to the packet data network where ser ices reside$. &he uplink channel is shared !y a num!er of "Ss+ and its use is allocated !y a >SS. &he "S requests use of the channel in a random access message. &he >SS allocates an unused channel to the "S and sends an access grant message in reply to the random access message.

Stan%.y State:
*n the stand!y state+ only the routing area of the "S is known. #&he routing area can consist of one or more cells within a GS" location area$. 4hen the SGS- sends a packet to an "S that is in the stand!y state+ the "S must !e paged. >ecause the SGS- knows the routing area of the "S+ a packet paging message is sent to the routing area. 2n recei ing the packet paging message+ the "S relays its cell location to the SGS- to esta!lish the acti e state.

I%le State:
*n the idle state+ the "S does not ha e a logical GPRS conte,t acti ated or any packet%switched pu!lic data network #PSP'-$ addresses allocated. *n this state+ the "S can recei e only those multicast messages that can !e recei ed !y any GPRS "S. >ecause the GPRS network infrastructure does not know the location of the "S+ it is not possi!le to send messages to the "S from e,ternal data networks.

Rout n$ U#%ates:
4hen an "S that is in an acti e or a stand!y state mo es from one routing area to another within the ser ice area of one SGS-+ it must perform a routing update. &he routing area information in the SGS- is updated+ and the success of the procedure is indicated in the response message. ( cell%!ased routing update procedure is in oked when an acti e "S enters a new cell. &he "S sends a short message containing the identity of the "S and its new location through GPRS channels to its current SGS-. &his procedure is used only when the "S is in the acti e state. &he inter%SGS- routing update is the most complicated routing update. &he "S changes from one SGS- area to another+ and it must esta!lish a new connection to a new SGS-. &his means creating a new logical link conte,t !etween the "S and the new SGS- and informing the GGS- a!out the new location of the "S.

GPRS - "CCESS -ODES

&he GPRS access modes specify whether or not the GGS- requests user authentication at the access point to a P'- #Pu!lic 'ata -etwork$. &he a aila!le options are: Trans#arent: -o security authori:ation/authentication is requested !y the GGS-. ,on-trans#arent: *n this case+ GGS- acts as a pro,y for authenticating. &he GPRS transparent and non%transparent modes relate only to P'P type *P F.

Trans#arent -o%e:
&ransparent access pertains to a GPRS P5"- that is not in ol ed in su!scri!er access authori:ation and authentication. (ccess to P'-%related security procedures are transparent to GS-s. *n transparent access mode+ the "S is gi en an address !elonging to the operator or any other domainEs addressing space. &he address is gi en either at su!scription as a static address or at P'P conte,t acti ation as a dynamic address. &he dynamic address is allocated from a 'ynamic ?ost Configuration Protocol #'?CP$ ser er in the GPRS network. (ny user authentication is done within the GPRS network. -o R('*6S authentication is performed3 only *"S*%!ased authentication #from the su!scri!er identity module in the handset$ is done.

,on-trans#arent -o%e:
-on%transparent access to an intranet/*SP means that the P5"- plays a role in the intranet/*SP authentication of the "S. -on%transparent access uses the Password (uthentication Protocol #P(P$ or Challenge ?andshake (uthentication Protocol #C?(P$ message issued !y the mo!ile terminal

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and piggy!acked in the G&P P'P conte,t acti ation message. &his message is used to !uild a R('*6S request toward the R('*6S ser er associated with the access point name #(P-$.

GPRS "//ess Po nt ,a'e:

&he GPRS standards define a network identity called an access point name #(P-$. (n (P- identifies a P'- that is accessi!le from a GGS- node in a GPRS network. *n GPRS+ only the (P- is used to select the target network. &o configure an (P-+ the operator configures three elements on the GSnode: "//ess #o nt: 'efines an (P- and its associated access characteristics+ including security #R('*6S$+ dynamic address allocation #'?CP$+ and '-S ser ices. "//ess #o nt l st: 'efines a logical interface that is associated with the irtual template. "//ess $rou#: 'efines whether access is permitted !etween the P'- and the "S.

GPRS - PROCESSES
&his chapter gi es a !rief description of the !asic processes used in GPRS networks: "tta/h #ro/ess: Process !y which the "S attaches #i.e.+ connects$ to the SGS- in a GPRS network "uthent /at on #ro/ess: Process !y which the SGS- authenticates the mo!ile su!scri!er PDP a/t 1at on #ro/ess: Process !y which a user session is esta!lished !etween the "S and the destination network Deta/h #ro/ess: Process !y which the "S detaches #i.e.+ disconnects$ from the SGS- in the GPRS network ,etwor2- n t ate% PDP re3uest !or stat / IP a%%ress: Process !y which a call from the packet data network reaches the "S using a static *P address ,etwor2- n t ate% PDP re3uest !or %yna' / IP a%%ress: Process !y which a call from the packet data network reaches the "S using a dynamic *P address

GPRS - )I++I,G
(s packet data is introduced into mo!ile systems+ the question of how to !ill for the ser ices arises. (lways online and paying !y the minute does not sound all that appealing. ?ere+ we descri!e the possi!ilities !ut it totally depends on different ser ice pro iders how they want to charge their customers: &he SGS- and GGS- register all possi!le aspects of a GPRS userEs !eha ior and generate !illing information accordingly. &his information is gathered in so%called Charging 'ata Records #C'R$ and is deli ered to a !illing gateway. &he GPRS ser ice charging can !e !ased on the following parameters: Volu'e: &he amount of !ytes transferred+ i.e.+ downloaded and uploaded. Durat on: &he duration of a P'P conte,t session. T 'e: 'ate+ time of day+ and day of the week #ena!ling lower tariffs at offpeak hours$. F nal %est nat on: ( su!scri!er could !e charged for access to the specific network+ such as through a pro,y ser er. +o/at on: &he current location of the su!scri!er. Qual ty o! Ser1 /e: Pay more for higher network priority. S-S: &he SGS- will produce specific C'Rs for S"S. Ser1e% I-SI9su.s/r .er: 'ifferent su!scri!er classes #different tariffs for frequent users+ !usinesses+ or pri ate users$. Re1erse /har$ n$: &he recei ing su!scri!er is not charged for the recei ed data3 instead+ the sending party is charged. Free o! /har$e: Specified data to !e free of charge. Flat rate: ( fi,ed monthly fee.

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)earer ser1 /e: Charging !ased on different !earer ser ices #for an operator who has se eral networks+ such as GS"7GG and GS"<HGG+ and who wants to promote usage of one of the networks$. 2r+ perhaps the !earer ser ice would !e good for areas where it would !e cheaper for the operator to offer ser ices from a wireless 5(- rather than from the GS" network.

GPRS - SU--"R7
*n this tutorial+ we ha e taught you all the !asic concepts related to GPRS technology. ?ope+ now you ha e !asic understanding of GPRS &echnology. Iou ha e learnt a!out GPRS !asic o er iew+ its architecture+ a short description of GS" protocol stack and a aila!le GPRS applications. 4e also told you how you can charge GPRS ser ices. ( list of all the important GPRS (cronyms has !een gi en for your quick reference. So you can !ook mark this page for future reference.

What s ,e&t ?
4e ha e now seen that GPRS is a crucial step in the mo!ile e olution+ and it opens endless possi!ilities for application de elopers and users. &he ne,t step after GPRS can !e either 1'G1 or 6"&S #or !oth$. Enhan/e% Data rate !or GS- E1olut on 5EDGE6: using a new modulation scheme to pro ide up to three times higher throughput #for ?SCS' and GPRS$ Un 1ersal -o. le Tele/o''un /at on Syste' 5U-TS6: a new wireless technology using new infrastructure deployment. *f you are not aware of GS" technology+ then our Simple GS" tutorial will gi e you a ery good start up. -ow+ if you need more detail a!out GPRS technology+ then * would recommend you to go through other GS" resources listed in GPRS 6seful Resources chapter. Please send me your feed!ack and suggestion at we!masterJtutorialspoint.com.

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