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CE 591

Advanced Structural Steel Design


Fall 2013
Lecture 7: Plate Girders; Design
Rules of Thumb
Flange-to-web weld
Design Aids
Design Example


Proportioning the Section
Goals
Satisfy limit states
Strength
Serviceability
Minimum cost
assume cost proportional to
weight of steel
but remember that least-weight
may not provide the most cost
effective design!
Rules of Thumb
Span-Depth Ratio
Salmon & Johnson, Steel Structures, 4
th
ed.




Rules of Thumb, MSC 2000
12 10 to
d
L
~
d
b
f
L
15 ~
d
L
Modern Steel Construction, 2000
Design It Like You Are Going to Build It
Karl Frank
2013 NASCC Educator Session: Bridge Design for the
Classroom media.aisc.org/NASCC2013/ES1.mp4
Recommendations for composite plate
girders for bridges
Design It Like You Are Going to Build It
Karl Frank
2013 NASCC Educator Session: Bridge Design for the
Classroom media.aisc.org/NASCC2013/ES1.mp4
Recommendations for composite plate
girders for bridges
AASHTO Cross Sectional Limits
Similar to AISC
eq. F13-2
Not stable if
outside limit
Rules of Thumb Flange Width
d
b
f
3 . 0 2 . 0 to
d
bf
~
deep
section
shallow
section
Optimum Depth (another option)
Based on minimizing weight (i.e. gross
cross-sectional area), supposing no depth
restriction
f is average stress on flange (i.e. F
cr
)
|
w
is an assumed constant h/t
|
w
of 320 for optimum proportion A36
C
1
is a factor to account for reducing
flange size at regions of lower moment
C
2
is factor to account for reducing web
thickness at regions of reduced shear
Optimum Depth, contd
Suppose C
1
= C
2
= 1 (i.e. no section
reduction in regions of lower stress)
3
2
3
f
M
h
w |
=
3
1 2
1
) 3 (
3
C C f
MC
h
w

=
|
Rules of Thumb Flange Area
6
w
f
A
fh
M
A =
M
u
/|
Average
stress on
flange
d
b
f
h
A
f
A
w
C
T S
x
/ h
Rules of Thumb Plate dimensions
Plate widths
2 increments
Stiffener spacing
3 multiples
Rules of Thumb Plate thickness
Increments
(inches)
Range
(inches)
1/16 t 9/16
1/8 5/8 t 1-1/2

1/4 t > 1-1/2
Rules of Thumb Flange Plates, p. 1
Based on minimum volume (weight) and A
f

equation used earlier






M
max

L/2
L
2
1 1
~
f
f
A
A
A
f1
A
f

Groove weld

Unless save 200 300 lbs of
material, added cost of weld
makes flange plate
transition uneconomical
(Salmon et al., Steel Structures, 5
th
ed.)
Rules of Thumb Flange Plates, p.2
M
max

L/3
L
9
5 1
~
f
f
A
A
A
f1
A
f

Groove weld
Other flange plate recommendations
If concerned about LTB, keep b
f
/2t
f
at
about the
p
value in maximum moment
regions
Could then reduce flange thickness in low
moment regions (reduce thickness instead of
width)
No LTB? Reduce width if desired
slight advantage in fatigue strength
Transition slope should be less than 1 in 2-1/2
for either width or thickness change
1 in 4 to 1 in 12 recommended for change in
width
2013 NASCC Educator Session: Bridge Design for the Classroom
media.aisc.org/NASCC2013/ES1.mp4
Weld of flange to web
Must provide for factored
horizontal shear flow

X X
x
u
I
Q V
flow shear =
(kips/in)
1
st
moment
of area
of flange
about
neutral axis
Weld of flange to web, p.2
DOTs typically require SAW
for these welds
more thermally efficient
More uniform weld cross section
and strength
no stops/starts and other
irregularities that concentrate
stress
SMAW uses stick electrodes of
limited length and diameter


X X
Rules of Thumb Web
Reasonable range for web stress




< 9 ksi? May be able to use thinner web

Practical minimum web thickness (t
w
)
5/16




ksi to
A
V
w
n
16 12 =
|
Design Aids Shear, Stiffeners
Tables 3-16a, 3-17a (without TFA)
36 ksi and 50 ksi steel
Starting on AISC Manual p. 3-152
Tables 3-16b, 3-17b (with TFA)

|
v
V
n
/A
w
graphed as a function of h/t
w
and a/h


NOTE: here, A
w
= d t
w
(AISC G2)


a/h > 3.0
k
v
= 5.0
---- means
exceeded
practical limit
on
stiffener spacing
2
260
|
|
.
|

\
|
s
w t h h
a
Corresponds approximately
to limit for vertical
flange buckling
Plate Girder Design Example
Consider a simply supported plate girder that carries the factored
uniform load and two concentrated loads as shown. Design a
doubly symmetric, non-hybrid girder with A36 steel. Assume
that lateral support is provided at the ends and at the
concentrated loads. 1.2D + 1.6L load combination controls.
Factored loads shown. L/360 deflection limit (total service load).
150
k
150
k
5
k/ft
24' 24' 24'
Lateral
Support
330
k
210
60
330
210
60
Shear
(kip)
Moment
(ft-kip)
6480 6480
6840
A B C D

Lateral Support
Design Example, p. 2
150
k
150
k
5
k/ft
24' 24' 24'
Lateral
Support
330
k
210
60
330
210
60
Shear
(kip)
Moment
(ft-kip)
6480 6480
6840
A B C D

Design Example, p. 3a
Sizing the Section, try Rule of Thumb
12 10to
d
L
= in
ft in ft
72
12
) / 12 )( 72 (
=
Try h = 72
Try t
w
= 5/16
230
" 16 / 5
" 72
= =
w t
h
Design Example, p. 3b
Sizing the Section, try formula for h
3
3
2
) / ( 3
2
3
cr pg
w u w
F R
M
f
M
h
| | |
= =
in
ksi
ft in kipft
h
107
) 36 )( 0 . 1 ( 2
) 320 )( / 12 )( 9 . 0 / 6840 ( 3
3
=
=
Design Example, p. 3c
Try h = 107
Try t
w
= 5/16
342
" 16 / 5
" 107
= =
w t
h
a/h > 1.5 limit will be even smaller
Also, web substantially heavier than for h=72
with practical minimum web thickness
So, try h=72

341
36
29000
0 . 12
max
= =
|
.
|

\
|
ksi
ksi
t
h
w
AISC F13.2 for a/h 1.5
Design Example, p. 4
Check shear stress (recommended)
ksi to
A
V
w
n
16 12 =
|
7 . 14
) "
16
5
)( " 72 (
330
= ~ ~
kips
A
V
w
u
y
r
F
E
70 . 5 =
162
36
29000
70 . 5 = =
ksi
ksi
r
Table B4.1b (Case 15)
Slender Web?
r
w t
h
> = 230
Design Example, p. 5
Double check AISC Limitations, h/t
w
= 230
5 . 1 0 . 12 s s
h
a
for
F
E
t
h
yf w
(F13-3)
341
36
29000
0 . 12 = =
ksi
ksi
5 . 1
40 . 0
> s
h
a
for
F
E
t
h
y
w
(F13-4)
322
36
) 29000 ( 40 . 0
= =
ksi
ksi
OK, Limitations
satisfied
Design Example, p. 6
Estimate Flange Size
6 6
w
cr PG b
u w
f
A
h F R
M A
fh
M
A = =
|
Assume R
PG
= 1.0, F
cr
= F
y
2
4 . 31
6
) " 16 / 5 ( " 72
) " 72 )( 36 )( 0 . 1 )( 9 . 0 (
) / 12 ( 6840
in
ksi
ft in kip ft
A
f
=

=
Design Example, p. 7
Possible flange dimensions
t
f
(in) b
f
(in) A
f
(in
2
) b
f
/2t
f

1.375 24 33.0 8.72
1.25 26 32.5 10.4
1.125 28 31.5 12.4
b
f
t
f
8 . 10
36
29000
38 . 0 38 . 0 = = =
yf
p
F
E

Use FLB compactness limit to help


choose size (optional) Table B4.1b
34 . 0
)) " 25 . 1 ( 2 " 72 (
" 26
=
+
=
d
b
f
Flange width rule
of thumb
> 0.3
Design Example, p. 8a
LTB Flexural Capacity; L
b
= 24 ft
in r
t
1 . 7
)
16
5
)( 12 ( ) 25 . 1 )( 26 (
)
16
5
)( 12 (
12
1
) 25 . 1 )( 26 (
12
1
3 3
=
+
+
=
b
f
t
f
h
c
/6
t
w
=26
=1.25
=72/6
=12
=5/16
y
t
p
F
E
r L 1 . 1 =
(F4-7)
ft in
ksi
ksi
in Lp 5 . 18 222
36
29000
) 1 . 7 ( 1 . 1 = = =
y
t
r
F
E
r L
7 . 0
t =
(F5-5)
ft in
ksi
ksi
in Lr 1 . 63 757
) 36 ( 7 . 0
29000
) 1 . 7 ( = = =t
Design Example, p. 8b
L
p
= 18.5 ft < L
b
= 24 ft < L
r
= 63.1 ft
y
p r
p b
y y b cr F
L L
L L
F F C F s

= )] )( 3 . 0 ( [ (F5-3)
150
k
150
k
5
k/ft
24' 24' 24'
Lateral
Support
330
k
210
60
330
210
60
Shear
(kip)
Moment
(ft-kip)
6480 6480
6840
A B C D

~5% difference in
M
u
within L
b

assume constant
moment
ksi Fcr 36 )]
5 . 18 1 . 63
5 . 18 24
))( 36 ( 3 . 0 ( 36 )[ 0 . 1 ( s

=
ksi Fcr 5 . 34 =
Design Example, p. 9
Calculate Section Modulus, etc.
26

1.25

72
5/16

3
3 2 3
2602
) 25 . 1
2
72
(
) 25 . 1 )( 26 )(
12
1
( 2 )
2
25 . 1
2
72
)( 25 . 1 )( 26 ( 2 ) 72 )(
16
5
(
12
1
in
S
x
=
+
+ + +
=
c fc
w c
w
t b
t h
a = 69 . 0
) " 25 . 1 )( " 26 (
) " 16 / 5 )( " 72 (
= =
w
a
<10 OK
(F4-12)
Design Example, p. 10
Calculate Flexural Capacity
0 . 1 ) 7 . 5 (
300 1200
1 s
+
=
y w
c
w
w
pg
F
E
t
h
a
a
R
(F5-6)
97 . 0 )
36
29000
7 . 5
" 16 / 5
" 72
(
) 69 . 0 ( 300 1200
69 . 0
1 =
+
=
ksi
ksi
cr pg xc b n
F R S M | | =
(F5-2) and AISC F1
ft kip in kip ksi in = = = 6531 78368 ) 5 . 34 )( 97 . 0 )( 2602 ( 9 . 0
3
< M
u
= 6840 kip-ft N.G.
Design Example, p. 11
TRY 28 x 1.5 flange
Recalculate properties:

2
42in Af =
28

1.5

72
5/16

in r
t
74 . 7 =
8 . 10 33 . 9
) " 5 . 1 ( 2
" 28
2
= < = = p
f
f
t
b

ft L L ft L
r b p
7 . 68 24 1 . 20 = < = < =
compact wrt FLB
3
3285in S
x
= 535 . 0 =
w
a
ksi Fcr 8 . 35 =
Design Example, p. 12
Recalculate Flexural Capacity, contd.
973 . 0 )
36
29000
7 . 5
" 16 / 5
" 72
(
) 535 . 0 ( 300 1200
535 . 0
1 =
+
=
ksi
ksi
R
pg
t f kip in kip
ksi in
F R S M
cr pg xc b n
= =
=
=
8582 102985
) 8 . 35 )( 973 . 0 )( 3285 ( 9 . 0
3
| |
Design Example, p. 13
Check against M
u
including self-weight
2
106 )
16
5
)( 72 ( ) 5 . 1 )( 28 ( 2 in in in in in Area = + =
ft lb pcf
ft
in
in
Weight / 361 ) 490 (
144
106
2
2
2
= =
ft kip
ft
kip lbs
ft lb
ft kip M
u
= + = 7120
8
) 72 (
/ 1000
/ 361
2 . 1 6840
2
>
u n
M M |
flexural capacity of section is adequate
< 8582 kip-ft
Design Example, p. 14
Check Deflection Limits
Estimate service loads
150
k
150
k
5
k/ft
24' 24' 24'
Lateral
Support
330
k
210
60
330
210
60
Shear
(kip)
Moment
(ft-kip)
6480 6480
6840
A B C D

kips kips P P
ft k w
ft k ft k ft k w
u service
service
u
100 5 . 1 / 150 5 . 1 /
/ 62 . 3 5 . 1 / 43 . 5
/ 43 . 5 ) / 361 . 0 ( 2 . 1 / 5
= = =
= =
= + =
a
Design Example, p. 15
Deflection limits, contd.

4 3 2 3
183 , 123 ) " 72 )( "
16
5
(
12
1
)
2
" 5 . 1
2
" 72
)( " 5 . 1 )( " 28 )( 2 ( ) " 5 . 1 )( " 28 )(
12
1
( 2 in I
x
= + + + =
in ft ft
in ksi
ft in ft kips
in ksi
ft in ft ft k
a L
EI
a P
EI
L w service
service
25 . 1 64 . 0 61 . 0 )) 24 ( 4 ) 72 ( 3 (
) 183 , 123 )( 000 , 29 ( 24
) / 1728 )( 24 ( 100
) 183 , 123 )( 000 , 29 ( 384
) / 1728 )( 72 )( / 62 . 3 ( 5
) 4 3 (
24 384
5
2 2
4
3 3
4
3 3
4
2 2
4
= + =
+ = + = A
in
ft in ft L
40 . 2
360
) / 12 ( 72
360
max
= = = A
> 1.25 in OK
Design Example, p. 16
Low shear demand
Region BC
150
k
150
k
5
k/ft
24' 24' 24'
Lateral
Support
330
k
210
60
330
210
60
Shear
(kip)
Moment
(ft-kip)
6480 6480
6840
A B C D

260 230 < =
w
t
h
0 . 87
36
) 29000 ( 0 . 5
37 . 1 37 . 1 230 = = > =
ksi
ksi
F
E k
t
h
yw
v
w
260 is limit for unstiffened girders
(F13.2); stiffeners not required
unless needed for capacity
y
w
v
v
F
t
h
E k
C
2
) (
51 . 1
=
12 . 0
) 36 )( 230 (
) 29000 )( 5 ( 51 . 1
2
= =
ksi
ksi
(G2-5)
Design Example, p. 17
Shear Capacity Region BC
28 . 1
230
260
2
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
) 6 . 0 ( 9 . 0
v y w n
C F A V = |
5
0.9(0.6)(75")( ")(36 )(0.12) 54.6
16
ksi kips = =
(G2-1) and AISC G1
<V
u
= 60 kips
w/o self-weight N.G.
2
260
|
|
.
|

\
|
s
w t
h
h
a
" 2 . 92 ) " 72 ( 28 . 1 28 . 1 = = s h a
a = 90
a/h=1.25
Design Example, p. 18
Shear Capacity Region BC
2
) / (
5
5
h a
k
v
+ = 2 . 8
) 25 . 1 (
5
5
2
= + =
v
k
230 111
36
) 29000 ( 2 . 8
37 . 1 37 . 1 = < = =
w y
v
t
h
ksi
ksi
F
E k
yw
w
v
v
F
t
h
E k
C
2
) (
51 . 1
=
19 . 0
) 36 )( 230 (
) 29000 )( 2 . 8 ( 51 . 1
2
= =
ksi
ksi
(G2-5)
Design Example, p. 19
Shear Capacity Region BC
)
) / ( 1 15 . 1
1
)( 6 . 0 ( 9 . 0
2
h a
C
C F A V
v
v y w n
+

+ = |
2
5 1 0.19
0.9(0.6)(75")( ")(36 )(0.19 )
16
1.15 1 1.25
86 200 286
ksi
kips

= +
+
= + =
(G3-2)
>>V
u
= 60 kips OK
By inspection, adequate for V
u
including self-weight
panels
panel in
ft in ft
2 . 3
/ 90
) / 12 ( 24
=
0 . 1
" 72
" 72
; 72
4
) / 12 ( 24
= = = =
h
a
in
spaces
ft in ft
a
Small adjustment needed later since a is clear distance between stiffeners
Design Example, p. 20
Shear Capacity
Regions AB and CD
150
k
150
k
5
k/ft
24' 24' 24'
Lateral
Support
330
k
210
60
330
210
60
Shear
(kip)
Moment
(ft-kip)
6480 6480
6840
A B C D

Design End Panels first
NO TFA Permitted
kips
ft
kip lbs
ft lb
kips V
u
346
2
) 72 (
/ 1000
/ 361
2 . 1 330 = + =
346
14.8
(75")(5/ 16")
kips
ksi =
Required
Stress
Design Example, p. 21
Shear Capacity, End
Panels
Use Table 3-16a (No
TFA) for estimate
Will need a/h < 0.5

kips V V
u n
346 = > |
Requires:
C
v
>0.791
k
v
> 34.4
a/h < 0.41
a < 29.5

Design Example, p. 22
Shear Capacity, End Panel
Try a = 27; a/h = 0.375

6 . 40
) 375 . 0 (
5
5
) / (
5
5
2 2
= + = + =
h a
k
v
230 247
36
) 29000 ( 6 . 40
37 . 1 37 . 1 = > = =
w y
v
t
h
ksi
ksi
F
E k
86 . 0
230
) 36 ( ) 29000 )( 6 . 40 ( 10 . 1 10 . 1
= = =
ksi ksi
t h
F E k
C
w
y v
v
5
0.9(0.6 ) 0.9(0.6)(75")( ")(36 )(0.86) 392
16
n w y v
V A F C ksi kips = = =
OK

230 199
36
) 29000 ( 6 . 40
10 . 1 10 . 1 = < = =
w y
v
t
h
ksi
ksi
F
E k
Design Example, p. 23
Shear Capacity
Regions AB and CD
150
k
150
k
5
k/ft
24' 24' 24'
Lateral
Support
330
k
210
60
330
210
60
Shear
(kip)
Moment
(ft-kip)
6480 6480
6840
A B C D

After End Panels
TFA Permitted?
~27
Check AISC G3.1
(a) and (b) satisfied;
(c) and (d) ??
54 . 0
) " 5 . 1 )( " 28 ( 2
) " 16 5 )( " 72 ( 2
) (
2
= =
+ ft fc
w
A A
A
< 2.5 TFA OK!
6 . 2
" 28
" 72
= = =
ft fc b
h
b
h
< 6.0 TFA OK!
Design Example, p. 24
Shear Capacity
Regions AB and CD
150
k
150
k
5
k/ft
24' 24' 24'
Lateral
Support
330
k
210
60
330
210
60
Shear
(kip)
Moment
(ft-kip)
6480 6480
6840
A B C D

After End Panels
TFA Permitted
~27
kips V
u
334 =
Including self-weight
334
14.2
(75")(5/ 16")
kips
ksi =
Required
Stress
Design
Example, p. 25
Shear Capacity, after
End Panels
Use Table 3-16b (with
TFA) for estimate
Based on required
stress, try a/h = 0.80?
Design Example, p. 26
Shear Capacity, after End Panel, with TFA
Try a = 56; a/h = 0.78

2 . 13
) 78 . 0 (
5
5
) / (
5
5
2 2
= + = + =
h a
k
v
230 141
36
) 29000 ( 2 . 13
37 . 1 37 . 1 = < = =
w y
v
t
h
ksi
ksi
F
E k
304 . 0
) 36 )( 230 (
) 29000 )( 2 . 13 ( 51 . 1
) (
51 . 1
2
2
= = =
ksi
ksi
F
t
h
E k
C
y
w
v
v
>334 kips
OK

2
2
1
0.9(0.6 )( )
1.15 1 ( / )
5 1 0.304
0.9(0.6)(75)( )(36)(0.304 ) 356
16
1.15 1 0.78
v
n w y v
C
V A F C
a h
kips


= +
+

= + =
+
Design Example, p. 27
Shear Capacity
Regions AB and CD
150
k
150
k
5
k/ft
24' 24' 24'
Lateral
Support
330
k
210
60
330
210
60
Shear
(kip)
Moment
(ft-kip)
6480 6480
6840
A B C D

After first 2 panels;
TFA permitted
27
kips V
u
309 =
Including self-weight
309
13.2
(75")(5/ 16")
kips
ksi =
Required
Stress
56
Based on Table 3-16b,
repeat a/h= 0.78
Design Example, p. 28
Note: a dimension used for stiffener spacing; therefore,
actual a (clear distance) will be smaller
(May also modify to get multiples of 3 for spacing)
Repeat process for next panel(s); determine stiffener
layout (another layout might be more efficient)
56
4 @ 72
27
56 73 76
C
L
sym.
Design Example, p.29
Size flange-to-web
weld
3
1544 )
2
" 5 . 1
2
" 72
)( " 5 . 1 ( " 28 in = + =
X X
)
2 2
(
f
f
t
h
A Q + =
x
u
I
Q V
shearflow =
in kips
in
in kips
/ 34 . 4
183 , 123
) 1544 ( 346
4
3
= =
Design Example, p. 30
Flange-to-web welds,
contd
AISC Table J2.4 minimum
size
3/16 fillet for 5/16 plate
(thinner part joined)
Assume Submerged Arc
Weld (SAW)
Try w=1/4
Use matching weld
electrode, 70ksi

X X
Design Example, p. 31
Flange-to-web weld, contd.

in kips ksi A F R
w EXX n
/ 1 . 11 ) " 25 . 0 (
2
2
) 70 )( 6 . 0 )( 2 ( 75 . 0 ) 6 . 0 ( = = =| |
in kips ksi A F R
g y n
/ 75 . 6 ) " 3125 . 0 )( 36 )( 6 . 0 ( 0 . 1 ) 6 . 0 ( = = =| |
in kips ksi A F R
nv u n
/ 2 . 8 ) " 3125 . 0 )( 58 )( 6 . 0 ( 75 . 0 ) 6 . 0 ( = = =| |
Weld Metal (AISC J2)
Base Metal Shear Yield (AISC J4.2)
Base Metal Shear Rupture (AISC J4.2)
CONTROLS
>4.34 kips/in
OK

Design Example, p. 32
Intermediate Transverse Stiffeners
Assume single-plate A36 stiffeners




Design stiffener between end panel and first panel with
TFA
End panel a/h = 0.375; adjacent panel (TFA) a/h = 0.78
Design Example, p.33
28

1.5

72
5/16

b
st
" 8 . 13
2
" 16 5 " 28
=

s st b

Try b
st
= 8
(G3-3)
( )
" 503 . 0
9 . 15
" 8
9 . 15
36
29000
56 . 0 56 . 0
>
s
= = s
st
st
yst
st
t
t
F
E
t b

Try t
st
= 9/16
Design Example, p. 34
Intermediate Transverse Stiffeners, contd. (adequate
stiffness for web buckling; AISC G2.2)
5 . 0 2
) / (
5 . 2
2
> =
h a
j
7 . 15 2
375 . 0
5 . 2
2
= =
j bt I
w st
3
>
4 3
9 . 12 ) 7 . 15 ( ) "
16
5
)( " 27 ( in = =
Check 8 x 9/16
4
3
96
3
) " 8 ( " 5625 . 0
in Ist = =

OK

End panel a/h = 0.375; adjacent panel (TFA) a/h = 0.78
for adjacent panel a/h = 0.78, I
st
= 3.61 in
4
4 4
346 138
12.9 (29.4 12.9)
356 138
96.0 28.6
st I
in in

(
> +
(


>
Design Example, p. 35
Intermediate Transverse Stiffeners, contd.
Adequate stiffness for TFA
(

+ >
1 2
1
1 2 1 ) (
c c
c u
st st st st
V V
V V
I I I I

OK
(G3-4)
4
5 . 1
3 . 1 4
5 . 1
3 . 1 4
2 4 . 29
29000
36
40
0 . 1 72
40
in
E
F
h
I
yw
st
st = =
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

(G3-5)

Check other stiffeners
Design Example, p. 36
Size welds for stiffeners
in kips
ksi
ksi
E
F
h f
yw
nv
/ 1 . 4
29000
36
) " 72 ( 045 . 0 045 . 0
3
3
= = =
Try minimum weld size for 5/16 plate
(thinner plate) AISC Table J2.4
w=3/16
Assume SMAW
Use matching electrode, 70 ksi
Design Example, p. 37
Stiffener welds, contd.

in kips ksi A F R
w EXX n
/ 35 . 8 ) " 1875 . 0 )( 707 . 0 )( 70 )( 6 . 0 )( 2 ( 75 . 0 ) 6 . 0 ( = = =| |
in kips ksi A F R
g y n
/ 2 . 12 ) " 5625 . 0 )( 36 )( 6 . 0 ( 0 . 1 ) 6 . 0 ( = = =| |
in kips ksi A F R
nv u n
/ 7 . 14 ) " 5625 . 0 )( 58 )( 6 . 0 ( 75 . 0 ) 6 . 0 ( = = =| |
Weld Metal (AISC J2)
Base Metal Shear Yield (AISC J4.2)
Base Metal Shear Rupture (AISC J4.2)
CONTROLS
>4.1 kips/in
OK

in kips A F R
nv u n
/ 79 . 9 ) " 1875 . 0 )( 2 )( 58 )( 6 . 0 ( 75 . 0 ) 6 . 0 ( = = =| | or
Design Example, p. 38
Stiffener welds, contd.
3/16
3/16
Use nominal weld size (Table
J2.4) to connect to compression
flange (to prevent uplift of
flange single stiffener)
" 88 . 1 ) "
16
5
( 6 6
" 25 . 1 ) "
16
5
( 4 4
= = s
= = >
w
w
t
t

USE 1.5
Design Example, p. 39
Bearing Stiffeners
Check LWY, LWC, etc.
(given bearing length of
support)
Design bearing stiffener
as needed
Typically make full
depth; check
capacity of
intermediate
transverse
stiffeners for
BEARING
Design Example, p. 40
Bearing Stiffeners
Will design / check for
homework
Use pairs of stiffeners (as
shown to left)
Use full depth

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