Exploring a flat income tax reform in Britain

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH
Hello, students! Ol, alunos! Evolving in the language? Evoluindo no idioma?
Lets cut to the chase Vamos direto ao assunto
Provas da aula de hoje: Aula 06: Auditor Fiscal da Receita Federal ESAF 2005. Tcnico da Receita Federal ESAF 2005
www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUEST QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH
PROVA 1
Sugiro que imprimam a prova toda e criem o banco de provas
PROVA SRF Cargo: Auditor-Fiscal Ano: 2005
Banco de provas
Your answers to questions 21 to 24 must be based on the text below entitled A dip in the middle:
A dip in the middle

Source: The Economist (adapted) Sep 8th 2005
Income tax has been paid in Britain for more than two centuries. First introduced ntroduced by William Pitt the Younger to nance nance the war against Napoleonic France, it is the Treasurys biggest source of revenue, raising 30% of tax receipts. It arouses strong political emotions, regarded as fair by some because it makes the rich pay a bigger share of their income than the poor, but unfair by others because it penalizes enterprise and hard work. During the past 30 years, income tax has been subject to sweeping changes, notably the cut in the top rate from 98% to 40% under Margaret Thatcher between 1979 and 1988. Now another Conservative politician, George oating a radical reform to match that earlier exploit. The Osborne, is oating shadow chancellor announced on September 7th that he was setting up a income tax in commission to explore the possible introduction of a at Britain. Introducing a at at income tax into Britain would involve two main changes. At present, there are three marginal tax rates. These three rates would be replaced by a single rate, which would be considerably lower than the current top rate. At the same time there would be an increase in the tax tax-free personal allowance, currently worth 4,895 pounds.

21- According to the text, a) a commission introduced a at income tax into Britain. b) a war once justied the payment of income tax. c) a at income tax would be made up of three tax rates. d) the reform would yield many economic benets. e) George Osborne has managed to introduce the single rate.
22- According to paragraph 2, Margaret Thatchers government brought in a) major alterations to British income tax rates. b) measures that made cosmetic changes only. c) a tax system that discourages hard work. d) proposals imitated by a shady politician. e) a substantial increase in top taxation rates.
23- The at income tax a) is intended to hinder enterprise and hard work. b) would be below the present top rate. c) ought to please low-earners and high-iers. d) must generate a cut in public spending. e) might be nanced by increases in other taxes.

24- In paragraph 3, the author notes that the present tax-free personal allowance would a) remain unchanged. b) be cut. c) rise. d) be abolished. e) be phased out.
Your answers to questions 25 to 27 must be based on the text below entitled Flight of the French:
Flight of the French

Source: Newsweek (adapted) Sept 26th/Oct 3rd 2005
The Belgians call them scal refugees, but these refugees wear Chanel. They are runaways from high taxes in France. Of cially, France has lost, on average, one millionaire or billionaire tax payer per day for tax reasons since 1997, when the government started trying to track capital ight. Privately, economists say the number is much higher. The statistic is stupid, holds French economist Nicolas Baverez. Its as if, to count contraband, you only counted what people declared at the border. While much of Europe has revised its tax codes, Frances scal inertia is virtually begging its rich to leave. Holding dear its commitment to galit and fraternit, France has bucked the trend in the European Union, where most member states have dropped the wealth tax since the mid-1990s. France went the opposite way in 1997 by abolishing a cap that limited the wealth-tax bill, which kicks in at incomes over 720,000 euros to 85% of a taxpayers income. The result: some pay more taxes than they earn in income.

25- The text refers to Frances a) historic decision to drop its wealth-tax. b) recent proposal to suppress the wealth-tax. c) commitment to prevent the so-called capital ight. d) current scal policy in relation to the rich. e) controversial attempt to penalize its scal refugees.
26- The so-called scal refugees are the a) eeing taxpayers. b) successful shareholders. c) well-known tax attorneys. d) notorious smugglers. e) top company executives.
27- According to the author, France a) might change its scal system. b) must preserve its wealth tax. c) has not changed its scal policy. d) ought to slash its public spending. e) could lose from a tax reform.

Your answers to questions 28 to 30 must be based on the text below entitled The real medicine:
The real medicine

Source: Newsweek (adapted) Oct 17th 2005
People who survive a heart attack often describe it as a wake-up call. But for a 61-year old executive I met recently, it was more than that. This man was in the midst of a divorce when he was stricken last spring, and he had fallen out of touch with friends and family members. The executives doctor, unaware of the strife in his life, counseled him to change his diet, start exercising and quit smoking. He also prescribed drugs to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. It was sound advice, but in combing the medical literature, the patient discovered that he needed to do more. Studies suggested that his risk of dying within six months would be four times greater if he remained depressed and lonely. So he joined a support group and reordered his priorities, placing relationships at the top of the list instead of the bottom. His health has improved steadily since then, and so has his outlook on life. In fact he now describes his heart attack as the best thing that ever happened to him. Yes, my arteries are more open, he says. But even more important, Im more open.
28- According to the text, the executive a) actually refused to eat right, exercise and avoid smoking. b) seems to have increased his risk of early death. c) agrees that medicine should focus primarily on drugs. d) declined new choices and priorities in his life. e) went further in his search for recovery and health.

29- The advice given by the doctor is dened as sound. In other words, it a) might be effective. b) is reliable and effective. c) is questionable. d) should be looked into. e) must be deeply researched.
30- The text focuses on the relevance of a) current scientic and technological advances. b) studies carried out by obscure scientists. c) preventive medicine in relation to some ailments. d) a desirable change of attitude to life. e) leading a healthy life in spite of loneliness.

PROVA 1: TRADUO E COMENTRIOS Your answers to questions 21 to 24 must be based on the text below entitled A dip in the middle: Suas respostas s questes 21 a 24 devem ser baseadas no texto abaixo intitulado Um mergulho no meio:
A dip in the middle

Um mergulho no meio
Source: The Economist (adapted) Sep 8th 2005
Income tax has been paid in Britain for more than two centuries. First introduced by William Pitt the Younger to nance the war against Napoleonic France, it is the Treasurys biggest source of revenue, raising 30% of tax receipts. It arouses strong political emotions, regarded as fair by some because it makes the rich pay a bigger share of their income than the poor, but unfair by others because it penalizes enterprise and hard work. O imposto de renda tem sido pago na Gr-Bretanha por mais de dois sculos. Introduzido, primeiramente, por William Pitt the Younger, para financiar a guerra contra a Frana Napolenica, ele a maior fonte de arrecadao do Tesouro, aumentando em 30% as receitas dos impostos. Isto estimula fortes emoes polticas, considerado como justo por alguns porque ele faz os ricos pagarem uma parte maior de suas rendas do que os pobres, mas injusto por outros porque penaliza o empreendedorismo e o trabalho duro. During the past 30 years, income tax has been subject to sweeping changes, notably the cut in the top rate from 98% to 40% under Margaret Thatcher between 1979 and 1988. Now another Conservative politician, George Osborne, is oating a radical reform to match that earlier exploit. The shadow chancellor announced on September 7th that he was setting up a commission to explore the possible introduction of a at income tax in Britain. Durante os ltimos 30 anos, o imposto de renda foi submetido a mudanas substanciais, notadamente o corte na alquota mxima de 98% para 40% durante o governo da Margaret Thatcher, entre 1979 e 1988. Agora, outro poltico conservador, George Osborne, est sugerindo uma reforma radical para alcanar a faanha anterior. O obscuro chanceler anunciou, em 7 de
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setembro, que ele estava constituindo uma comisso para estudar a possibilidade de introduo de um imposto de renda de alquota nica na Gr-Bretanha. Introducing a at income tax into Britain would involve two main changes. At present, there are three marginal tax rates. These three rates would be replaced by a single rate, which would be considerably lower than the current top rate. At the same time there would be an increase in the tax-free personal allowance, currently worth 4,895 pounds. A introduo de um imposto de renda de alquota nica na Gr-Bretanha envolveria duas mudanas principais. Atualmente, existem trs alquotas marginais. Estas trs alquotas marginais seriam substitudas por uma nica alquota, que seria consideravelmente menor que a atual alquota mxima. Ao mesmo tempo, haveria um aumento da renda pessoal isenta, que, atualmente, vale 4.895 libras. 21 - According to the text, De acordo com o texto, a) a commission introduced a at income tax into Britain. a comisso introduziu um imposto de renda de alquota nica na GrBretanha. b) a war once justied the payment of income tax. uma guerra certa vez justificou o pagamento de imposto de renda. c) a at income tax would be made up of three tax rates. um imposto de renda de alquota nica seria criado a partir de trs alquotas. d) the reform would yield many economic benets. a reforma traria muitos benefcios econmicos. e) George Osborne has managed to introduce the single rate. George Osborne conseguiu introduzir o imposto de alquota nica. Letra A Errada. O autor afirma que ser constituda uma comisso para explorar a possibilidade de introduzir o imposto de renda de alquota nica na Inglaterra. Logo, tal imposto no foi introduzido ainda. Pessoal, sempre prestem ateno ao tempo verbal tanto do texto como das alternativas, ok? No caiam em pegadinhas!

The shadow chancellor announced on September 7th that he was setting up a commission to explore the possible introduction of a at income tax in Britain. O obscuro chanceler anunciou, em 7 de setembro, que ele estava constituindo uma comisso para estudar a possibilidade de introduo de um imposto de renda de alquota nica na Gr-Bretanha.
Letra B Correta. o que nos informa a passagem abaixo:

Income tax has been paid in Britain for more than two centuries. First introduced by William Pitt the Younger to nance the war against Napoleonic France O imposto de renda tem sido pago na Gr-Bretanha por mais de dois sculos. Introduzido, primeiramente, por William Pitt the Younger, para financiar a guerra contra a Frana Napolenica...
Letra C Errada. Se o imposto de renda ser de alquota nica (flat income tax), no pode ter trs alquotas (three tax rates). O que o autor diz que hoje h trs alquotas que sero substitudas (replaced) pelo imposto de renda de alquota nica.
Introducing a at income tax into Britain would involve two main changes. At present, there are three marginal tax rates. These three rates would be replaced by a single rate, which would be considerably lower than the current top rate. A introduo de um imposto de renda de alquota nica na Gr-Bretanha envolveria duas mudanas principais. Atualmente, existem trs alquotas marginais. Estas trs alquotas marginais seriam substitudas por uma nica alquota, que seria consideravelmente menor que a atual alquota mxima.
Letra D Errada. Eis uma pegadinha. O que o enunciado nos pede que marquemos a resposta de acordo com o texto (according to the text). O texto cita tais benefcios econmicos? No! Eles podem ocorrer em razo da adoo do pelo imposto de renda de alquota nica? Sim, mas o examinador no pediu que inferssemos nada, certo? Pediu uma resposta de acordo com o texto. Cuidado com esse tipo de pegadinha. Cruel! Letra E Errada. Como vimos na letra A, o imposto de alquota nica ainda um projeto que est sendo analisado por uma comisso criada por George Osborne, mas ainda no foi introduzido.
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22- According to paragraph 2, Margaret Thatchers government brought in De acordo com o pargrafo 2, o governo de Margaret Thatcher trouxe a) major alterations to British income tax rates. importantes alteraes nas alquotas de imposto de renda britnico. b) measures that made cosmetic changes only. medidas que fizeram apenas mudanas cosmticas. c) a tax system that discourages hard work. um sistema de impostos que desencoraja o trabalho duro. d) proposals imitated by a shady politician. propostas imitadas por polticos desonestos. e) a substantial increase in top taxation rates. um aumento substancial nas alquotas mais alta de impostos. Relembrem o pargrafo 2:
During the past 30 years, income tax has been subject to sweeping changes, notably the cut in the top rate from 98% to 40% under Margaret Thatcher between 1979 and 1988. Now another Conservative politician, George Osborne, is oating a radical reform to match that earlier exploit. The shadow chancellor announced on September 7th that he was setting up a commission to explore the possible introduction of a at income tax in Britain. Durante os ltimos 30 anos, o imposto de renda foi submetido a mudanas substanciais, notadamente o corte na alquota mxima de 98% para 40% durante o governo da Margaret Thatcher, entre 1979 e 1988. Agora, outro poltico conservador, George Osborne, est sugerindo uma reforma radical para alcanar a faanha anterior. O obscuro chanceler anunciou, em 7 de setembro, que ele estava constituindo uma comisso para estudar a possibilidade de introduo de um imposto de renda de alquota nica na Gr-Bretanha.
SWEEPING CHANGES = MAJOR ALTERATIONS mudanas substanciais = importantes alteraes
Letra A.
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23- The at income tax O imposto de renda de alquota nica a) is intended to hinder enterprise and hard work. tem o objetivo de atrapalhar o empreendedorismo e o trabalho duro. b) would be below the present top rate. estaria abaixo da alquota mxima atual. c) ought to please low-earners and high-iers. deve agradar indivduos de baixos ganhos e de altos ganhos. d) must generate a cut in public spending. deve gerar um corte nos gastos pblicos. e) might be nanced by increases in other taxes. pode ser financiado pelo aumento de outros impostos. Usem o quadro-resumo de MODAIS para ajud-los a entender as assertivas. Errada. Segundo a opinio de algumas pessoas, o imposto de renda (income tax) e no o imposto de renda de alquota nica (flat income tax) que atrapalha (hinder) o empreendedorismo e o trabalho duro (hard work). Alm do mais, em momento algum o autor afirma que o imposto de renda de alquota nica tem o objetivo citado na assertiva. Vejam:
Income tax has been paid in Britain for more than two centuries. ()It arouses strong political emotions, regarded as fair by some because it makes the rich pay a bigger share of their income than the poor, but unfair by others because it penalizes enterprise and hard work. O imposto de renda tem sido pago na Gr-Bretanha por mais de dois sculos. (...) Isto estimula fortes emoes polticas, considerado como justo por alguns porque ele faz os ricos pagarem uma parte maior de suas rendas do que os pobres, mas injusto por outros porque penaliza o empreendedorismo e o trabalho duro.
Letra B Correta. Vejam:

Introducing a at income tax into Britain would involve two main changes. At present, there are three marginal tax rates. These three rates would be replaced by a single rate, which would be considerably lower than the current top rate.
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A introduo de um imposto de renda de alquota nica na Gr-Bretanha envolveria duas mudanas principais. Atualmente, existem trs alquotas marginais. Estas trs alquotas marginais seriam substitudas por uma nica alquota, que seria consideravelmente menor que a atual alquota mxima.
considerably lower consideravelmente menor
below abaixo
present = presente, atual
current atual
Assim:
which would be considerably lower than the current top rate que seria consideravelmente menor que a atual alquota mxima = would be below the present top rate estaria abaixo da alquota mxima atual
Letra C Errada. O texto no afirma isso Letra D Errada. O texto no trata disso. Letra E Errada. O autor no nos informa como o imposto de renda de alquota nica seria financiado. O que ele nos diz que poderia haver um aumento da renda mnima isenta (increase in the tax-free personal allowance) Cuidado com aquela velha pegadinha que o examinador cria de colocar na assertiva algo parecido com o que temos no texto, porm com alteraes sutis de palavras que causam enormes alteraes de sentido.
increase in the tax-free personal allowance aumento no valor da renda que isenta de imposto increases in other taxes aumento de outros impostos
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24- In paragraph 3, the author notes that the present tax-free personal allowance would No pargrafo 3, o autor registra que o atual valor da renda isenta de imposto a) remain unchanged. permaneceria inalterada. b) be cut. seria cortada. c) rise. aumentaria. d) be abolished. seria abolida. e) be phased out. seria extinta gradualmente.
Agora a vez do nosso Memorex-movimentao. Praticamente todo o vocabulrio da questo consta em nosso quadro-resumo.
At the same time there would be an increase in the tax-free personal allowance, currently worth 4,895 pounds. Ao mesmo tempo, haveria um aumento da renda pessoal isenta, que, atualmente, vale 4.895 libras.
INCREASE = RISE
Ateno ao PHRASAL VERB da letra E:

TO PHASE OUT extinguir gradualmente, interromper ou remover em estgios.
Letra C.
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Your answers to questions 25 to 27 must be based on the text below entitled Flight of the French: Suas respostas s questes 25 a 27 devem ser baseadas no texto abaixo intitulado A Fuga dos Franceses:
Flight of the French

A Fuga dos Franceses
Source: Newsweek (adapted) Sept 26th/Oct 3rd 2005
The Belgians call them scal refugees, but these refugees wear Chanel. They are runaways from high taxes in France. Ofcially, France has lost, on average, one millionaire or billionaire tax payer per day for tax reasons since 1997, when the government started trying to track capital ight. Privately, economists say the number is much higher. The statistic is stupid, holds French economist Nicolas Baverez. Its as if, to count contraband, you only counted what people declared at the border. Os belgas os chamam de "refugiados fiscais", mas esses refugiados usam Chanel. Eles so fugitivos de altos impostos na Frana. Oficialmente, a Frana perdeu, em mdia, um milionrio ou bilionrio pagador de imposto por dia, por razes fiscais desde 1997, quando o governo comeou a tentar rastrear a fuga de capitais. Privadamente, os economistas dizem que o nmero muito maior. "A estatstica estpida", sustenta o economista francs Nicolas Baverez. " como se, para contar o contrabando, voc s contasse o que as pessoas declarassem na fronteira." While much of Europe has revised its tax codes, Frances scal inertia is virtually begging its rich to leave. Holding dear its commitment to galit and fraternit, France has bucked the trend in the European Union, where most member states have dropped the wealth tax since the mid-1990s. France went the opposite way in 1997 by abolishing a cap that limited the wealth-tax bill, which kicks in at incomes over 720,000 euros to 85% of a taxpayers income. The result: some pay more taxes than they earn in income.
Enquanto grande parte da Europa reviu seus cdigos fiscais, a inrcia fiscal da Frana est praticamente suplicando que seus ricos vo embora. Abraando seu compromisso com a igualdade e fraternidade, a Frana contrariou a tendncia na Unio Europeia, onde a maioria dos Estados-membros diminuiu o imposto sobre a riqueza a partir de meados da dcada de 1990. A Frana foi no caminho inverso em 1997, abolindo um teto que limitava a conta do imposto sobre riqueza, que entra em ao para rendas de mais de 720.000 euros para 85% da renda do contribuinte. O resultado: alguns pagam mais impostos do que ganham em rendimentos.
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25- The text refers to Frances O texto refere-se a a) historic decision to drop its wealth-tax. deciso histrica da Frana de acabar com seu imposto sobre a riqueza. b) recent proposal to suppress the wealth-tax. recente proposta da Frana de acabar com o imposto sobre a riqueza. c) commitment to prevent the so-called capital ight. o compromisso da Frana de evitar a chamada fuga de capital. d) current scal policy in relation to the rich. atual poltica fiscal da Frana em relao aos ricos. e) controversial attempt to penalize its scal refugees. tentativa controversa da Frana de penalizar seus refugiados fiscais.
While much of Europe has revised its tax codes, Frances scal inertia is virtually begging its rich to leave. Holding dear its commitment to galit and fraternit, France has bucked the trend in the European Union, where most member states have dropped the wealth tax since the mid-1990s. France went the opposite way in 1997 by abolishing a cap that limited the wealth-tax bill, which kicks in at incomes over 720,000 euros to 85% of a taxpayers income. The result: some pay more taxes than they earn in income. Enquanto grande parte da Europa reviu seus cdigos fiscais, a inrcia fiscal da Frana est praticamente suplicando que seus ricos vo embora. Abraando seu compromisso com a igualdade e fraternidade, a Frana contrariou a tendncia na Unio Europeia, onde a maioria dos Estados-membros diminuiu o imposto sobre a riqueza a partir de meados da dcada de 1990. A Frana foi no caminho inverso em 1997, abolindo um teto que limitava a conta do imposto sobre riqueza, que entra em ao para rendas de mais de 720.000 euros para 85% da renda do contribuinte. O resultado: alguns pagam mais impostos do que ganham em rendimentos.
Letra A Errada. Acabar (drop) com o imposto sobre a riqueza (wealthtax) uma tendncia (trend) que se iniciou na Unio Europeia em meados dos anos 90, mas que a Frana no seguiu, ou seja, tomou o caminho inverso (went the opposite way). Letra B Errada. A Frana no props acabar com este imposto. Ela vive um quadro de inrcia fiscal que gera a sada de contribuintes do pas a
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quem o autor chama de refugiados fiscais (fiscal refugees). Letra C Errada. O compromisso (commitment) da Frana com a igualdade e fraternidade o que a coloca em um estado de inrcia fiscal, pois o governo no pretende acabar com o imposto sobre a riqueza (wealth). Tal situao acarreta a sada dos ricos do pas, ou seja, a fuga de capital (capital flight). Letra D Correta. E qual tal poltica (policy)? A possibilidade de taxao sobre rendas de mais de 720 mil euros com alquotas podendo ultrapassar 85% da renda do contribuinte (taxpayers income). Letra E Errada. O texto no cita tal penalizao.
26- The so-called scal refugees are the Os chamados refugiados fiscais so a) eeing taxpayers. contribuintes fugitivos. b) successful shareholders. acionistas bem-sucedidos. c) well-known tax attorneys. advogados tributaristas bem conhecidos. d) notorious smugglers. notrios contrabandistas. e) top company executives. altos executivos de empresas.
O texto nos diz com clareza quem so os FISCAL REFUGEES:

The Belgians call them scal refugees, but these refugees wear Chanel. They are runaways from high taxes in France. Os belgas os chamam de "refugiados fiscais", mas esses refugiados usam Chanel. Eles so fugitivos de altos impostos na Frana.
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TO RUNAWAY
Fugir
RUNAWAY
Fugitivo Desertor
O verbo TO FLY (que creio que muitos conhecem apenas como voar) em nosso contexto assume o sentido de:
Fugir Escapar Desaparecer rapidamente
FLEEING pode ser entendido como os que fogem, os que escapam. Se eles fogem dos altos impostos, porque so contribuintes (taxpayers). Assim:
FISCAL REFUGEES = FLEEING TAXPAYERS fugitivos fiscais = contribuintes que fogem
Letra A.
27- According to the author, France De acordo com o autor, a Frana a) might change its scal system. talvez mude seu sistema fiscal. b) must preserve its wealth tax. deve preservar seu imposto sobre a riqueza. c) has not changed its scal policy. no mudou sua poltica fiscal. d) ought to slash its public spending. deve cortar seu gasto pblico. e) could lose from a tax reform. poderia perder com uma reforma fiscal.
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Quadro de modais a postos para nos auxiliar na resoluo da questo? Vamos l:
While much of Europe has revised its tax codes, Frances scal inertia is virtually begging its rich to leave. Holding dear its commitment to galit and fraternit, France has bucked the trend in the European Union, where most member states have dropped the wealth tax since the mid-1990s. France went the opposite way in 1997 by abolishing a cap that limited the wealth-tax bill, which kicks in at incomes over 720,000 euros to 85% of a taxpayers income. The result: some pay more taxes than they earn in income. Enquanto grande parte da Europa reviu seus cdigos fiscais, a inrcia fiscal da Frana est praticamente suplicando que seus ricos vo embora. Abraando seu compromisso com a igualdade e fraternidade, a Frana contrariou a tendncia na Unio Europeia, onde a maioria dos Estados-membros diminuiu o imposto sobre a riqueza a partir de meados da dcada de 1990. A Frana foi no caminho inverso em 1997, abolindo um teto que limitava a conta do imposto sobre riqueza, que entra em ao para rendas de mais de 720.000 euros para 85% da renda do contribuinte. O resultado: alguns pagam mais impostos do que ganham em rendimentos.
Apesar do trecho que explica o fato da Frana no ter alterado sua poltica fiscal ser razoavelmente extenso, era preciso apenas entender o cognato FISCAL INERTIA. Se o quadro de inrcia fiscal, podemos concluir que a poltica fiscal (fiscal policy) no mudou (not changed).
FISCAL INERTIA = FRANCE HAS NOT CHANGED ITS FISCAL POLICY
Letra C.
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Your answers to questions 28 to 30 must be based on the text below entitled The real medicine: Suas respostas s questes 28 a 30 devem ser baseadas no texto abaixo intitulado O verdadeiro remdio:
The real medicine

O verdadeiro remdio
Source: Newsweek (adapted) Oct 17th 2005
People who survive a heart attack often describe it as a wake-up call. But for a 61-year old executive I met recently, it was more than that. This man was in the midst of a divorce when he was stricken last spring, and he had fallen out of touch with friends and family members. The executives doctor, unaware of the strife in his life, counseled him to change his diet, start exercising and quit smoking. He also prescribed drugs to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. It was sound advice, but in combing the medical literature, the patient discovered that he needed to do more. Studies suggested that his risk of dying within six months would be four times greater if he remained depressed and lonely. So he joined a support group and reordered his priorities, placing relationships at the top of the list instead of the bottom. His health has improved steadily since then, and so has his outlook on life. In fact he now describes his heart attack as the best thing that ever happened to him. Yes, my arteries are more open, he says. But even more important, Im more open.
Pessoas que sobrevivem a um ataque do corao, muitas vezes o descrevem como uma chamada de despertar. Mas para um executivo de 61 anos que conheci recentemente, foi mais do que isso. Este homem estava no meio de um divrcio quando ele foi atingido na ltima primavera, e ele havia perdido contato com amigos e familiares. O mdico do executivo, sem saber sobre o conflito em sua vida, aconselhou-o a mudar sua dieta, comear a se exercitar e parar de fumar. Ele tambm prescreveu medicamentos para baixar o colesterol e a presso arterial. Foi um bom conselho, mas vasculhando a literatura mdica, o paciente descobriu que ele precisava fazer mais. Estudos sugeriram que o seu risco de morrer dentro de seis meses seria quatro vezes maior se ele permanecesse deprimido e solitrio. Assim, ele se juntou a um grupo de apoio e reordenou suas prioridades, colocando os relacionamentos pessoais no topo da lista em vez de embaixo. Sua sade tem melhorado continuamente desde ento, e sua viso sobre a vida. Na verdade, ele agora descreve seu ataque cardaco como a melhor coisa que j aconteceu com ele. "Sim, minhas artrias esto mais abertas," diz ele. "Mas ainda mais importante, estou mais aberto."
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28- According to the text, the executive De acordo com o texto, o executivo a) actually refused to eat right, exercise and avoid smoking. recusou-se a comer direito, fazer exerccios e evitou fumar. b) seems to have increased his risk of early death. parece ter aumentado seu risco de morte prematura. c) agrees that medicine should focus primarily on drugs. concorda que a medicina deve se concentrar principalmente em drogas. d) declined new choices and priorities in his life. recusou novas escolhas e prioridades em sua vida. e) went further in his search for recovery and health. foi mais longe em sua busca por recuperao e sade. Atentem para o fato de que a recuperao do empresrio deu-se em duas frentes: 1 Dieta, exerccios, parar de fumar e remdios (diet, exercising, quit smoking, drugs)
The executives doctor, unaware of the strife in his life, counseled him to change his diet, start exercising and quit smoking. He also prescribed drugs to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. O mdico do executivo, sem saber sobre o conflito em sua vida, aconselhou-o a mudar sua dieta, comear a se exercitar e parar de fumar. Ele tambm prescreveu medicamentos para baixar o colesterol e a presso arterial.
2 Mudana de estilo de vida. desta passagem que podemos depreender que o empresrio foi mais longe em sua busca por recuperao e sade (went further in his search for recovery and health).
It was sound advice, but in combing the medical literature, the patient discovered that he needed to do more. Studies suggested that his risk of dying within six months would be four times greater if he remained depressed and lonely. So he joined a support group and reordered his priorities, placing relationships at the top of the list instead of the bottom. His health has improved steadily since then, and so has his outlook on life. In fact he now describes his heart attack as the best thing that ever happened to him. Yes, my arteries are more open, he says. But even more important, Im more
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open. Foi um bom conselho, mas vasculhando a literatura mdica, o paciente descobriu que ele precisava fazer mais. Estudos sugerem que o seu risco de morrer dentro de seis meses seria quatro vezes maior se ele permanecesse deprimido e solitrio. Assim, ele se juntou a um grupo de apoio e reordenou suas prioridades, colocando os relacionamentos pessoais no topo da lista em vez de embaixo. Sua sade tem melhorado continuamente desde ento, e sua viso sobre a vida. Na verdade, ele agora descreve seu ataque cardaco como a melhor coisa que j aconteceu com ele. "Sim, minhas artrias esto mais abertas," diz ele. "Mas ainda mais importante, estou mais aberto."
Letra E.
29- The advice given by the doctor is dened as sound. In other words, it O conselho dado pelo mdico definido como SOUND. Em outras palavras, ele a) might be effective. pode ser eficaz. b) is reliable and effective. confivel e eficaz. c) is questionable. questionvel. d) should be looked into. deve ser analisado. e) must be deeply researched. deve ser profundamente pesquisado.
Vimos uma questo da ESAF na aula passada cobrando essa mesma palavra! Nas pginas 11 e 12 da Aula 05 temos a explicao. Letra B.
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30- The text focuses on the relevance of O texto foca na relevncia de a) current scientic and technological advances. atuais avanos cientficos e tecnolgicos. b) studies carried out by obscure scientists. os estudos realizados por cientistas obscuros. c) preventive medicine in relation to some ailments. medicina preventiva em relao a algumas doenas. d) a desirable change of attitude to life. uma mudana desejvel de atitude perante a vida. e) leading a healthy life in spite of loneliness. levar uma vida saudvel, apesar da solido.
Recordem os trechos do texto que nos apontam a resposta:

Studies suggested that his risk of dying within six months would be four times greater if he remained depressed and lonely. So he joined a support group and reordered his priorities, placing relationships at the top of the list instead of the bottom. His health has improved steadily since then, and so has his outlook on life. In fact he now describes his heart attack as the best thing that ever happened to him. Yes, my arteries are more open, he says. But even more important, Im more open. Estudos sugeriram que o seu risco de morrer dentro de seis meses seria quatro vezes maior se ele permanecesse deprimido e solitrio. Assim, ele se juntou a um grupo de apoio e reordenou suas prioridades, colocando os relacionamentos pessoais no topo da lista em vez de embaixo. Sua sade tem melhorado continuamente desde ento, e sua viso sobre a vida. Na verdade, ele agora descreve seu ataque cardaco como a melhor coisa que j aconteceu com ele. "Sim, minhas artrias esto mais abertas," diz ele. "Mas ainda mais importante, estou mais aberto."
Questo que demandava uma compreenso geral do texto. Ainda que o candidato desconhecesse determinadas palavras, o entendimento do sentido como um todo era suficiente para acertar. At mesmo o ttulo indicava a resposta, uma vez que o verdadeiro remdio (real medicine) tratado no corpo do texto a mudana de atitude perante a vida (change of attitude to life).
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Destaco a importncia de conhecerem o PHRASAL VERB que aparece na assertiva B:
TO CARRY OUT executar, efetuar, realizar, conduzir, implementar
Letra D.
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CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUEST QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH
PROVA 2
Sugiro que imprimam a prova toda e criem o banco de provas
PROVA SRF Cargo: Tcnico da Receita Federal Ano: 2005
Banco de provas
Read the text entitled The case for at at taxes in order to answer questions 31 to 34:
The case for at taxes

Source: The Economist (adapted) Apr 14th 2005
Estonias economy has grown impressively since its 1994 reform. Growth reached double digits in 1997, and has since settled at around 6% annually, after a slump at the turn of the century. Repealing its high tax rate on the rich did not erode the countrys countrys tax base as some might have feared. In 1993, general government revenues were 39.4% of the gross domestic product (GDP); in 2002, they were 39.6%. Estonia now plans to cut its at tax from 26% to 20% by 2007. at income tax? Perhaps How much do Estonias robust revenues owe t to its at less than is frequently advertised. In 1993, the year before its reform, Estonias multiple personal income taxes raised revenues amounting to 8.2% at income tax raised revenues worth just 7.2%. of GDP. In 2002, its at at income tax that generated so much excitement abroad Indeed, the at value-added seems to be carrying less weight than Estonias old-fashioned old fashioned value tax (VAT), which raised 9.4% of GDP in revenues in 2002. VAT is, of course, the attest attest tax of all. It levies a uniform rate on the goods you buy, taking a constant cut of your money when it is spent as opposed to when it is earned. Estonias VAT is also quite broad, leaving relatively few things out (hydropower and windpower were two curious exceptions).
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31 - In paragraph 1, the author provides a brief outline of a) Estonias growth in 1994. b) a countrys reform attempt. c) Estonias burdensome tax system. d) a countrys growth and scal policy. e) a countrys upcoming interest rates.
32- The author mentions a slump in Estonias growth at the turn of the century which characterizes a) a much less successful period. b) a remarkable period of prosperity. c) a slightly better scal period. d) a landmark in Estonias growth. e) the beginning of Estonias growth.
33- In paragraph 2, the role played by Estonias at income tax in relation to its robust revenues is a) ignored. b) questioned. c) omitted. d) not mentioned. e) disregarded.
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34- In paragraph 3, the author refers to VAT, a tax which a) is about to be raised. b) may frequently be dodged. c) might be repealed. d) will be simplied. e) has already been set.
Read the text entitled The prices of sin in order to answer questions 35 to 37:
The prices of sin

Source: The Economist (adapted) Aug 25th 2005
Much ministerial brow-sweat has been devoted to turning Britons into ealthier, better-adjusted citizens, but the public has a nasty habit of spoiling the party. New gures provoked hand-wringing this week when they suggested that British alcohol consumption is rising even as the French and the Germans are drinking less. Alcohol-fuelled crime is on the increase and smoking rates, which the government has promised to reduce, are stuck. To economists, the solution is obvious: just raise taxes on the goods in question. Successive governments have taken this advice to heart, leaving Britain with some of the highest sin taxes in Europe. Yet Labour has abandoned scal tinkering for a sort of social engineering that comes over as inconsistent: liberal laws that allow pubs to open around the clock in the hope of curing Britains drink culture sit oddly with authoritarian plans to forbid smoking in public places.
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35- The author a) describes the successful health service in Germany. b) looks into the increase in alcohol consumption in France. c) comments on the politics of alcohol in Britain. d) praises the effectiveness of some British social policies. e) sets up policies concerning alcohol consumption in Britain.
36- In paragraph 1, the new gures related to the British alcohol consumption are said to have caused a) worries. b) consternation. c) relief. d) disbelief. e) mistrust.
37- According to the text, the sin taxes a) are likely to be adopted in Britain. b) have been proposed by the German authorities. c) should have been implemented in Britain. d) must be forbidden by the European Union. e) have been put into practice by British governments.
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Read the interview below entitled When should you start to worry? in order to answer questions 38 to 40:
When should we start to worry

Source: Newsweek (adapted) Oct 17, 2005
Im concerned about the long-term risks of drinking a lot of caffeine (two or more cups of coffee a day). I have no family history of heart disease and no history of heart trouble. Am I at risk? Dr. Thomas H. Lee: I wouldnt worry about the caffeine in a few cups of coffee. Lots of caffeine can rev up your heart and make it beat faster, occasionally even launching into prolonged periods of a racing heart. You will almost surely feel palpitations if you get these abnormal heartbeats, and then you should heed your bodys advice to cut back on the caffeine. Heavy coffee drinkers dont have a higher risk of cardiomyopathy (damaged heart muscle) or heart attacks. If you do decide to cut back on caffeine, you may experience headaches during the transition. Until recently, vitamin E was touted as a good-heart supplement. Now several studies indicate that vitamin E supplements can increase the risk of heart disease or stroke. Does the medical community agree? Dr. Thomas H. Lee: You have it right. In the 1990s, vitamin E was very promising but controversial. Epidemiological studies showed that regular vitamin E users had 20 to 40 percent lower rates of heart disease than nonusers. Since then, larger experiments have not shown any benet from taking vitamin E.
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38- In his answer to question 1, Dr. Lee warns against drinking lots of caffeine since it a) might cause a sudden faint. b) can slow the heartbeats. c) may accelerate the heartbeats. d) will surely increase the heartbeats. e) damages the heart muscle.
39- According to Dr. Lee, we should listen to our bodys advice to cut back on the caffeine. In other words, our body advises us a) not to stop drinking it. b) to reduce our caffeine intake. c) to increase caffeine consumption. d) to regularly consume caffeine. e) to quit caffeine consumption.
40- In his answer to question 2, Dr. Lee a) prescribes the intake of vitamin E supplements. b) points out the risks of taking vitamin E. c) bears out the claim that supplements are risky. d) demysties the benets from taking vitamin E. e) corroborates the benefits of vitamin E intake.
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PROVA 2: TRADUO E COMENTRIOS Read the text entitled The case for flat taxes in order to answer questions 31 to 34: Leia o texto intitulado "O caso para os impostos de alquota nica" a fim de responder s perguntas de 31 a 34:
The case for flat taxes

O caso para os impostos de alquota nica
Source: The Economist (adapted) Apr 14th 2005
Estonias economy has grown impressively since its 1994 reform. Growth reached double digits in 1997, and has since settled at around 6% annually, after a slump at the turn of the century. Repealing its high tax rate on the rich did not erode the countrys tax base as some might have feared. In 1993, general government revenues were 39.4% of the gross domestic product (GDP); in 2002, they were 39.6%. Estonia now plans to cut its flat tax from 26% to 20% by 2007. A economia da Estnia cresceu de forma impressionante desde a reforma de 1994. O crescimento atingiu dois dgitos em 1997, e desde ento se estabeleceu em torno de 6% ao ano, depois de uma queda na virada do sculo. Repelir a alta taxa fiscal sobre os ricos no corroeu a base tributria do pas como alguns podiam ter temido. Em 1993, as receitas governamentais gerais eram 39,4% do produto interno bruto (PIB); em 2002, eram 39,6%. A Estnia agora planeja reduzir seu imposto de alquota nica de 26% para 20% at 2007. How much do Estonias robust revenues owe to its flat income tax? Perhaps less than is frequently advertised. In 1993, the year before its reform, Estonias multiple personal income taxes raised revenues amounting to 8.2% of GDP. In 2002, its flat income tax raised revenues worth just 7.2%. Indeed, the flat income tax that generated so much excitement abroad seems to be carrying less weight than Estonias old-fashioned value-added tax (VAT), which raised 9.4% of GDP in revenues in 2002. Quanto as receitas robustas da Estnia devem a seu imposto de renda de alquota nica? Talvez menos do que frequentemente anunciado. Em 1993, um ano antes da sua reforma, os mltiplos impostos de renda pessoal da Estnia angariaram receitas no valor de 8,2% do PIB. Em 2002, seu imposto de renda de alquota nica angariou receitas no valor de apenas 7,2%. De
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fato, o imposto de renda de alquota nica que gerou tanta excitao no exterior parece estar carregando menos peso do que o antiquado imposto sobre valor agregado (IVA) da Estnia que levantou 9,4% do PIB em receitas em 2002. VAT is, of course, the flattest tax of all. It levies a uniform rate on the goods you buy, taking a constant cut of your money when it is spent as opposed to when it is earned. Estonias VAT is also quite broad, leaving relatively few things out (hydropower and windpower were two curious exceptions). IVA , naturalmente, o mais plano de todos os imposto. Ele cobra uma taxa uniforme sobre os bens que voc compra, levando uma parte constante do seu dinheiro quando ele gasto ao contrrio de quando ele ganho. IVA da Estnia tambm bastante amplo, deixando relativamente poucas coisas de fora (energia hidreltrica e elica foram duas excees curiosas). 31 - In paragraph 1, the author provides a brief outline of No pargrafo 1, o autor fornece uma breve descrio de a) Estonias growth in 1994. crescimento da Estnia em 1994. b) a countrys reform attempt. tentativa de reforma de um pas. c) Estonias burdensome tax system. sistema fiscal oneroso da Estnia. d) a countrys growth and fiscal policy. crescimento de um pas e sua poltica fiscal. e) a countrys upcoming interest rates. futuras taxas de juros de um pas. Vejamos:
Estonias economy has grown impressively since its 1994 reform. Growth reached double digits in 1997, and has since settled at around 6% annually, after a slump at the turn of the century. Repealing its high tax rate on the rich did not erode the countrys tax base as some might have feared. In 1993, general government revenues were 39.4% of the gross domestic product (GDP); in 2002, they were 39.6%. Estonia now plans to cut its flat tax from 26% to 20% by 2007. A economia da Estnia cresceu de forma impressionante desde a reforma de 1994. O
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crescimento atingiu dois dgitos em 1997, e desde ento se estabeleceu em torno de 6% ao ano, depois de uma queda na virada do sculo. Repelir a alta taxa fiscal sobre os ricos no corroeu a base tributria do pas como alguns podiam ter temido. Em 1993, as receitas governamentais gerais eram 39,4% do produto interno bruto (PIB); em 2002, eram 39,6%. A Estnia agora planeja reduzir seu imposto de alquota nica de 26% para 20% at 2007.
Letra A Errada. O autor fala que a Estnia cresceu de forma impressionante (grown impressively) desde/ a partir (since) de sua reforma de 1994 e no apenas no ano de 1994. Letra B Errada. Houve a reforma e no apenas uma tentativa de reforma (reform attempt). Letra C Errada. O texto no fala que o sistema fiscal da Estnia seja oneroso (burdensome). Apenas o descreve. Alm disso, o pargrafo no trata apenas de poltica fiscal. Fala tambm de crescimento. Letra D Correta. O pargrafo fala tanto de poltica fiscal (tax policy) quanto de growth (crescimento). Letra E Errada. Futura taxa de juros (upcoming interest rates) citada apenas na ltima linha do pargrafo, logo, no podemos afirmar que ele descreve (outlines) tal taxa. A descrio sobre poltica fiscal e crescimento de modo geral e no especificamente sobre futuras taxas de juros.
32- The author mentions a slump in Estonias growth at the turn of the century which characterizes O autor menciona uma queda no crescimento da Estnia na virada do sculo que caracteriza a) a much less successful period. um perodo muito menor de sucesso. b) a remarkable period of prosperity. um perodo notvel de prosperidade. c) a slightly better fiscal period. um perodo fiscal um pouco melhor.
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d) a landmark in Estonias growth. um marco no crescimento da Estnia. e) the beginning of Estonias growth. o incio do crescimento da Estnia.
Estonias economy has grown impressively since its 1994 reform. Growth reached double digits in 1997, and has since settled at around 6% annually, after a slump at the turn of the century. A economia da Estnia cresceu de forma impressionante desde a reforma de 1994. O crescimento atingiu dois dgitos em 1997, e desde ento se estabeleceu em torno de 6% ao ano, depois de uma queda na virada do sculo.
A palavra SLUMP super comum em textos de economia. Vamos aprendla: Segundo o Macmillan:
To be suddenly reduced to a much lower level Ser repentinamente reduzido a um nvel muito mais baixo
Segundo o Michaelis:
Queda brusca de preos Baixa Colapso Fracasso poca de desemprego
Reparem que a nica alternativa com sentido negativo a Letra A, nossa resposta. 33- In paragraph 2, the role played by Estonias flat income tax in relation to its robust revenues is No pargrafo 2, o papel desempenhado pelo imposto de renda de alquota nica da Estnia em relao s suas receitas robustas" a) ignored. ignorado. b) questioned. questionado.
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c) omitted. omitido. d) not mentioned. no mencionado. e) disregarded. desconsiderado.
Recordem o trecho que trata do assunto:

How much do Estonias robust revenues owe to its flat income tax? Perhaps less than is frequently advertised. Quanto as receitas robustas da Estnia devem a seu imposto de renda de alquota nica? Talvez menos do que frequentemente anunciado.
Podemos depreender da passagem acima que o papel (role) do imposto de renda de alquota nica (flat income tax) regra geral entendido de uma forma tal que o autor questiona (questions), duvida do grau de importncia e ligao com as receitas robustas. Letra B.
34- In paragraph 3, the author refers to VAT, a tax which No pargrafo 3, o autor se refere ao IVA, um imposto que a) is about to be raised. est prestes a ser aumentado. b) may frequently be dodged. pode ser frequentemente evitado. c) might be repealed. pode ser repelido. d) will be simplified. ser simplificado. e) has already been set. j foi estabelecido.
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Indeed, the flat income tax that generated so much excitement abroad seems to be carrying less weight than Estonias old-fashioned value-added tax (VAT), which raised 9.4% of GDP in revenues in 2002. De fato, o imposto de renda de alquota nica que gerou tanta excitao no exterior parece estar carregando menos peso do que o antiquado imposto sobre valor agregado (IVA) da Estnia que levantou 9,4% do PIB em receitas em 2002. VAT is, of course, the flattest tax of all. It levies a uniform rate on the goods you buy, taking a constant cut of your money when it is spent as opposed to when it is earned. Estonias VAT is also quite broad, leaving relatively few things out (hydropower and windpower were two curious exceptions). IVA , naturalmente, o mais plano de todos os imposto. Ele cobra uma taxa uniforme sobre os bens que voc compra, levando uma parte constante do seu dinheiro quando ele gasto ao contrrio de quando ele ganho. IVA da Estnia tambm bastante amplo, deixando relativamente poucas coisas de fora (energia hidreltrica e elica foram duas excees curiosas).
Se o imposto sobre valor agregado (value-added tax) elevou o PIB em 2002, e obvio que ele j foi estabelecido (has been set) e que est em plena aplicao. Letra E. Read the text entitled The prices of sin in order to answer questions 35 to 37: Leia o texto intitulado "Os preos do pecado" a fim de responder s perguntas de 35-37:
The prices of sin

Os preos do pecado
Source: The Economist (adapted) Aug 25th 2005
Much ministerial brow-sweat has been devoted to turning Britons into healthier, better-adjusted citizens, but the public has a nasty habit of spoiling the party. New figures provoked hand-wringing this week when they suggested that British alcohol consumption is rising even as the French and the Germans are drinking less. Alcohol-fuelled crime is on the increase and smoking rates, which the government has promised to reduce, are stuck. Muito suor de testa ministerial tem sido dedicado a transformar britnicos em mais saudveis e melhor ajustados cidados, mas o pblico tem o pssimo hbito de estragar a festa. Novos nmeros provocaram aflio esta semana, quando eles indicaram que o consumo britnico de lcool est aumentando mesmo enquanto os franceses e os alemes esto bebendo
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menos. Crime movido a lcool est aumentando e as taxas de tabagismo, que o governo prometeu reduzir, esto empacadas. To economists, the solution is obvious: just raise taxes on the goods in question. Successive governments have taken this advice to heart, leaving Britain with some of the highest sin taxes in Europe. Yet Labour has abandoned fiscal tinkering for a sort of social engineering that comes over as inconsistent: liberal laws that allow pubs to open around the clock in the hope of curing Britains drink culture sit oddly with authoritarian plans to forbid smoking in public places. Para os economistas, a soluo bvia: basta aumentar os impostos sobre os bens em questo. Sucessivos governos tm levado este conselho a srio, deixando a Gr-Bretanha com alguns dos maiores impostos sobre pecados" da Europa. No entanto, o Partido do Trabalho abandonou ajustes fiscais a favor de uma espcie de engenharia social que d a impresso de ser inconsistente: leis liberais que permitem deixar bares abertos 24h por dia na esperana de curar a cultura da Gr-Bretanha de beber no combina com os planos autoritrios para a proibio de fumar em lugares pblicos. 35- The author O autor a) describes the successful health service in Germany. descreve o bem sucedido servio de sade na Alemanha. b) looks into the increase in alcohol consumption in France. analisa o aumento do consumo de lcool na Frana. c) comments on the politics of alcohol in Britain. comenta sobre a poltica de lcool na Gr-Bretanha. d) praises the effectiveness of some British social policies. elogia a eficcia de algumas polticas sociais britnicas. e) sets up policies concerning alcohol consumption in Britain. estabelece as polticas relativas ao consumo de lcool na Gr-Bretanha. Letra A Errada. O autor s cita a Alemanha (Germany) uma vez - ao afirmar que os alemes esto bebendo menos (drinking less). O texto no cita o servio de sade (health service) da Alemanha. Letra B Errada. O texto diz que os franceses (french) esto bebendo
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menos, ou seja, houve uma diminuio (decrease) e no aumento (increase) do consumo de lcool (alcohol consumption) na Frana. O PHRASAL VERB TO LOOK INTO (analisar) vocs j conhecem. Letra C Correta. As polticas citadas no texto so pubs abertos 24 horas (around the clock) X aumentar impostos (raise taxes) sobre o lcool. Letra D Errada. O autor no elogia (praises). Ao contrrio, diz que o consumo de lcool cresce na Inglaterra enquanto em outros pases cai e aponta contradies entre polticas liberais quanto ao consumo de lcool (ex. Pubs abertos 24 horas around the clock) e planos autoritrios sobre proibio do fumo (forbid smoking) em locais pblicos. Letra E Errada. O texto no estabelece (sets up) as polticas (policies) de consumo de lcool na Inglaterra. Apenas comenta as j existentes.
36- In paragraph 1, the new figures related to the British alcohol consumption are said to have caused No pargrafo 1, os novos nmeros relacionados ao consumo britnico de lcool dizem ter causado a) worries. preocupaes. b) consternation. consternao. c) relief. alvio. d) disbelief. descrena. e) mistrust. desconfiana.
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New figures provoked hand-wringing this week when they suggested that British alcohol consumption is rising even as the French and the Germans are drinking less. Novos nmeros provocaram aflio esta semana, quando eles indicaram que o consumo britnico de lcool est aumentando mesmo enquanto os franceses e os alemes esto bebendo menos.
Vamos explorar o significado de HAND-WRINGING no MacMillan:

a way of expressing that you are very worried or nervous uma forma de expressar que voc est muito preocupado ou nervoso
Marquemos ento a alternativa que mais se aproxima da definio acima. Letra A.
37- According to the text, the sin taxes De acordo com o texto, os impostos sobre pecados a) are likely to be adopted in Britain. provavelmente sero adotados na Inglaterra. b) have been proposed by the German authorities. foram propostos pelas autoridades alems. c) should have been implemented in Britain. deveriam ter sido implementados na Inglaterra. d) must be forbidden by the European Union. devem ser proibidos pela Unio Europeia. e) have been put into practice by British governments. foram colocados em prtica por governos britnicos. O texto nos diz que os impostos sobre pecados (sin taxes) j foram colocados em prtica (put into practice) na Inglaterra. Vejam:
Successive governments have taken this advice to heart, leaving Britain with some of the highest sin taxes in Europe. Sucessivos governos tm levado este conselho a srio, deixando a Gr-Bretanha com alguns dos maiores impostos sobre pecados" da Europa.
Letra E.
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Read the interview below entitled When should you start to worry? in order to answer questions 38 to 40: Leia a entrevista abaixo intitulado "Quando voc deve comear a se preocupar?" a fim de responder s perguntas 38 a 40:
When should you start to worry? Quando voc deve comear a se preocupar?
Source: Newsweek (adapted) Oct 17, 2005
Im concerned about the long-term risks of drinking a lot of caffeine (two or more cups of coffee a day). I have no family history of heart disease and no history of heart trouble. Am I at risk? Estou preocupado com os riscos a longo prazo de beber uma grande quantidade de cafena (duas ou mais xcaras de caf por dia). Eu no tenho nenhum histrico familiar de doena cardaca e nenhum histrico de problemas cardacos. Estou em risco? Dr. Thomas H. Lee: I wouldnt worry about the caffeine in a few cups of coffee. Lots of caffeine can rev up your heart and make it beat faster, occasionally even launching into prolonged periods of a racing heart. You will almost surely feel palpitations if you get these abnormal heartbeats, and then you should heed your bodys advice to cut back on the caffeine. Heavy coffee drinkers dont have a higher risk of cardiomyopathy (damaged heart muscle) or heart attacks. If you do decide to cut back on caffeine, you may experience headaches during the transition. Dr. Thomas H. Lee: Eu no me preocuparia com a cafena em algumas xcaras de caf. Muita cafena pode acelerar rapidamente seu corao e fazlo bater mais rpido, ocasionalmente at o lanar em perodos prolongados de corao acelerado. Voc quase certamente ir sentir palpitaes se tiver estes batimentos cardacos anormais, e ento voc deve seguir os conselhos do seu corpo para reduzir a cafena. Bebedores pesados de caf no tm um maior risco de cardiomiopatia (msculo cardaco danificado) ou ataques cardacos. Se voc decidir reduzir a cafena, voc pode experimentar dores de cabea durante a transio. Until recently, vitamin E was touted as a good-heart supplement. Now several studies indicate that vitamin E supplements can
40

increase the risk of heart disease or stroke. Does the medical community agree? At recentemente, a vitamina E foi apresentada como um suplemento bom para o corao. Agora vrios estudos indicam que os suplementos de vitamina E podem aumentar o risco de doena cardaca ou derrame. A comunidade mdica concorda? Dr. Thomas H. Lee: You have it right. In the 1990s, vitamin E was very promising but controversial. Epidemiological studies showed that regular vitamin E users had 20 to 40 percent lower rates of heart disease than nonusers. Since then, larger experiments have not shown any benefit from taking vitamin E. Dr. Thomas H. Lee: Voc est certo. Na dcada de 1990, a vitamina E era muito promissora - mas controversa. Estudos epidemiolgicos mostraram que os usurios regulares de vitamina E tinham de 20 a 40 por cento mais baixas taxas de doenas cardacas do que os no usurios. Desde ento, experimentos maiores no tm demonstrado qualquer benefcio em tomar vitamina E.
38- In his answer to question 1, Dr. Lee warns against drinking lots of caffeine since it Na sua resposta questo 1, o Dr. Lee adverte contra beber muita cafena, uma vez que a) might cause a sudden faint. pode causar um desmaio sbito. b) can slow the heartbeats. pode retardar os batimentos cardacos. c) may accelerate the heartbeats. pode acelerar os batimentos cardacos. d) will surely increase the heartbeats. ir certamente aumentar os batimentos cardacos. e) damages the heart muscle. danifica o msculo do corao.
41

Dr. Thomas H. Lee: I wouldnt worry about the caffeine in a few cups of coffee. Lots of caffeine can rev up your heart and make it beat faster, occasionally even launching into prolonged periods of a racing heart. You will almost surely feel palpitations if you get these abnormal heartbeats, and then you should heed your bodys advice to cut back on the caffeine. Heavy coffee drinkers dont have a higher risk of cardiomyopathy (damaged heart muscle) or heart attacks. If you do decide to cut back on caffeine, you may experience headaches during the transition. Dr. Thomas H. Lee: Eu no me preocuparia com a cafena em algumas xcaras de caf. Muita cafena pode acelerar rapidamente seu corao e faz-lo bater mais rpido, ocasionalmente at o lanar em perodos prolongados de corao acelerado. Voc quase certamente ir sentir palpitaes se tiver estes batimentos cardacos anormais, e ento voc deve seguir os conselhos do seu corpo para reduzir a cafena. Bebedores pesados de caf no tm um maior risco de cardiomiopatia (msculo cardaco danificado) ou ataques cardacos. Se voc decidir reduzir a cafena, voc pode experimentar dores de cabea durante a transio.
Vamos mais uma vez recorrer ao quadro-resumo de MODAIS. O texto diz que muita cafena pode (can) acelerar (rev up) o corao e faz-lo bater (beat) mais rpido (faster). Observem que PODE ocorrer tal acelerao. O autor no diz que certamente (will surely) ocorrer. Letra D errada. Letra A Errada. O texto no menciona desmaio (faint). Letra B Errada. O texto fala em aumento (increase), acelerao (rev up, faster) e no em retardar, desacelerar (slow). Erro de contradio. Letra C Correta. Vide explicao acima. Letra D Errada. Vide explicao acima. Letra E Errada. O texto explcito em afirmar o contrrio quando diz que bebedores pesados de caf (heavy coffee drinkers) no tm um maior risco (dont have a higher risk) de cardiomiopatia (msculo cardaco danificado) ou ataques cardacos.
42

39- According to Dr. Lee, we should listen to our bodys advice to cut back on the caffeine. In other words, our body advises us Segundo o Dr. Lee, devemos ouvir os conselhos do nosso corpo para "diminuir a cafena". Em outras palavras, nosso corpo nos aconselha a a) not to stop drinking it. no parar de beb-la. b) to reduce our caffeine intake. reduzir a nossa ingesto de cafena. c) to increase caffeine consumption. aumentar o nosso consumo de cafena. d) to regularly consume caffeine. consumir cafena regularmente. e) to quit caffeine consumption. parar de consumir cafena.
Vamos conhecer o PHRASAL VERB TO CUT BACK: TO CUT BACK reduzir a quantidade de algo
Assertivas sem grandes novidades de vocabulrio para vocs. Letra B.
40- In his answer to question 2, Dr. Lee Em sua resposta pergunta 2, o Dr. Lee a) prescribes the intake of vitamin E supplements. prescreve a ingesto de suplementos de vitamina E. b) points out the risks of taking vitamin E. aponta os riscos de tomar a vitamina E. c) bears out the claim that supplements are risky. confirma a afirmao de que os suplementos so arriscados. d) demystifies the benefits from taking vitamin E. desmistifica os benefcios de tomar vitamina E.
43

e) corroborates the benefits of vitamin E intake. corrobora os benefcios da ingesto de vitamina E.
Dr. Thomas H. Lee: You have it right. In the 1990s, vitamin E was very promising but controversial. Epidemiological studies showed that regular vitamin E users had 20 to 40 percent lower rates of heart disease than nonusers. Since then, larger experiments have not shown any benefit from taking vitamin E. Dr. Thomas H. Lee: Voc est certo. Na dcada de 1990, a vitamina E era muito promissora - mas controversa. Estudos epidemiolgicos mostraram que os usurios regulares de vitamina E tinham de 20 a 40 por cento mais baixas taxas de doenas cardacas do que os no usurios. Desde ento, experimentos maiores no tm demonstrado qualquer benefcio em tomar vitamina E.
Se o Dr. Lee diz que antes a vitamina E era considerada promissora (promissing) e que hoje experimentos maiores (larger experiments) no tm demonstrado (have not shown) qualquer benefcio oriundo da ingesto (intake) da vitamina E, podemos entender que em sua resposta ele desmitifica (demystifies) os benefcios de tomar tal vitamina. Letra D. Ateno os dois PHRASAL VERBS que aparecem no texto:
TO POINT OUT TO BEAR OUT apontar, destacar confirmar, corroborar
44

REPORTAGEM TRADUZIDA
Jim Webb: Health-care law represents a leadership failure for Obama President Obamas new health-care law will be his greatest liability as he attempts to once again win the critical swing state of Virginia, Sen. Jim Webb (D-Va.) warned Wednesday. Ill be real frank here, Webb said at a breakfast organized by Bloomberg News. I think that the manner in which the health-care reform issue was put in front of the Congress, the way that the issue was dealt with by the White House, cost Obama a lot of credibility as a leader. Webb voted for the law, but also for more than a dozen GOP-offered amendments to it. If you were going to do something of this magnitude, you have to do it with some clarity, with a clear set of objectives from the White House, added Webb, who opted not to run for a second term this year. ...It should have been done with better direction from the White House. He faulted Obama for playing too passive a role in shaping the legislation. Taking a lesson from Bill Clintons failed 1994 health-care overhaul effort-which was faulted for its micromanagement of the details of the bill--Obama opted to spell out a broad set of goals, and let Congress work out the details. What happened in the end, Webb said, was five different congressional committees voted out their version of health-care reform, and so you had 7,000 pages of contradictory information. Everybody got confused. ... From that point forward, Obamas had a difficult time selling himself as a decisive leader.
45

Webb also said that if Obama had opted for a smaller measure, he would have stood a chance of winning the support of a significant number of Republicans on Capitol Hill. The White House had no immediate comment on Webbs statement. Webb added that he believes most Virginia voters--outside the staunchest partisans--have not yet begun to focus on former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney, the all-but-certain Republican presidential nominee. People are getting ready to pay attention to his message, the average person, rather than the nominating base, Webb said. Romney has a case to make. He has to make his case.
46

TRADUO
Jim Webb: Health-care law represents a leadership failure for Obama Jim Webb: Lei da Sade representa um fracasso de liderana para Obama President Obamas new health-care law will be his greatest liability as he attempts to once again win the critical swing state of Virginia, Sen. Jim Webb (D-Va.) warned Wednesday. A nova lei da sade do presidente Obama ser o seu maior passivo enquanto ele tenta mais uma vez conquistar o crtico oscilante estado da Virgnia, advertiu o senador Jim Webb (Democrata do estado da Virgnia) na quartafeira. Ill be real frank here, Webb said at a breakfast organized by Bloomberg News. I think that the manner in which the health-care reform issue was put in front of the Congress, the way that the issue was dealt with by the White House, cost Obama a lot of credibility as a leader. "Eu vou ser verdadeiramente franco aqui", disse Webb em um caf da manh organizado pela Bloomberg News. "Eu acho que a maneira pela qual a questo da reforma da sade foi colocada em frente ao Congresso, a maneira que a questo foi tratada pela Casa Branca, custou a Obama muita credibilidade como um lder. Webb voted for the law, but also for more than a dozen GOP-offered amendments to it. Webb votou a favor da lei, mas tambm para mais de uma dzia de emendas oferecidas pela GOP (Partido Republicano). If you were going to do something of this magnitude, you have to do it with some clarity, with a clear set of objectives from the White House, added Webb, who opted not to run for a second term this year. ...It should have been done with better direction from the White House. "Se voc fosse fazer alguma coisa dessa magnitude, voc tem que faz-lo com alguma clareza, com um conjunto claro de objetivos da Casa Branca",
47

acrescentou Webb, que optou por no concorrer a um segundo mandato este ano. "... Isto deveria ter sido feito com uma melhor orientao vinda da Casa Branca." He faulted Obama for playing too passive a role in shaping the legislation. Taking a lesson from Bill Clintons failed 1994 health-care overhaul effort-which was faulted for its micromanagement of the details of the bill--Obama opted to spell out a broad set of goals, and let Congress work out the details. Ele culpou Obama por exercer um papel muito passivo na modelao da legislao. Tomando como lio o esforo fracassado de Bill Clinton na reviso da assistncia mdica de 1994 - que foi culpado por sua microgesto dos detalhes do projeto de lei - Obama optou por enunciar um amplo conjunto de metas, e deixar que o Congresso resolva os detalhes. What happened in the end, Webb said, was five different congressional committees voted out their version of health-care reform, and so you had 7,000 pages of contradictory information. Everybody got confused. ... From that point forward, Obamas had a difficult time selling himself as a decisive leader. O que aconteceu no final, Webb disse: "foi que cinco diferentes comisses do Congresso votaram a sua verso da reforma da sade, e ento voc tinha 7.000 pginas de informaes contraditrias. Todo mundo ficou confuso. ... Desse ponto em diante, Obama teve dificuldade em vender-se como um lder decisivo." Webb also said that if Obama had opted for a smaller measure, he would have stood a chance of winning the support of a significant number of Republicans on Capitol Hill. Webb disse ainda que, se Obama tivesse optado por uma medida menor, ele teria tido uma chance de ganhar o apoio de um nmero significativo de republicanos em Capitol Hill. The White House had no immediate comment on Webbs statement. A Casa Branca no teve nenhum comentrio imediato sobre a declarao de Webb.
48

Webb added that he believes most Virginia voters--outside the staunchest partisans--have not yet begun to focus on former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney, the all-but-certain Republican presidential nominee. Webb acrescentou que ele acredita que a maioria dos eleitores da Virgnia tirando os mais ferrenhos partidrios - ainda no comearam a concentrarse no ex-governador de Massachusetts Mitt Romney, o praticamente certo candidato presidencial republicano. People are getting ready to pay attention to his message, the average person, rather than the nominating base, Webb said. Romney has a case to make. He has to make his case. "As pessoas esto se preparando para prestar ateno sua mensagem, a pessoa comum, em vez da base de indicao", disse Webb. "Romney tem uma proposta a fazer. Ele deve explicar as razes pelas quais ela deve ser executada.
49

VOCABULRIO DA AULA
Banco de vocabulrio
E F
1990s / 90s advances advice ailment alcohol-fuelled amendments annually at the turn of attorney/lawyer bigger bill blood pressure border breakfast brow-sweat burdensome cap century citizen committees details disbelief disease end exception exploit faint
dcada de 90 avanos conselho doena movido a lcool emendas anualmente na virada de advogado maior conta, projeto de lei presso sangunea fronteira, borda caf da manh suor da testa oneroso teto, limite, tampa sculo cidado comisses detalhes descrena doena final exceo faanha desmaio
50

faster flat income tax fleeing flight frank friend hand-wringing headache health heart heart attack heartbeat high-fliers hope hydropower in order to in spite of income tax intake leadership life lonely long-term low-earners lower medicine mid-1990s / mid90s mistrust nasty new nominating base nonusers mais rpido imposto de renda de alquota nica, imposto de renda plano fugitivos fuga, voo franco amigo uma forma de expressar que voc est muito preocupado ou nervoso, aflio dor de cabea sade corao ataque cardaco batimento cardaco indivduos de altos ganhos esperana energia hidreltrica a fim de apesar de imposto de renda ingesto liderana vida sozinho longo prazo indivduos de baixos ganhos menor remdio, medicina meados da dcada de 90 desconfiana pssimo, srdido, nojento, indecente novo base de indicao no usurios
51

O old-fashioned open overhaul partisans party perhaps public places public spending rate receipt refugee relationship relief remarkable search shady share shareholder sin since slower smuggler solution source staunchest strife stroke sweeping changes swing tax payer tax-free top week antiquado aberto reviso partidrios festa, partido poltico talvez lugares pblicos gastos pblicos alquota, taxa receita, recebimento refugiado relacionamento alvio notvel busca desonesto parte, fatia, ao acionista pecado desde mais devagar contrabandista soluo fonte ferrenhos conflito derrame mudanas substanciais oscilante pagador de imposto, contribuinte isento de imposto topo semana peso elica
W weight windpower
52

Verbs to to to to to to adopt advertise advise announce arouse avoid adotar anunciar aconselhar anunciar estimular evitar ser baseado pretendido, ter o objetivo de ser atingido estar empacada, agarrada estar sujeito bater implorar, suplicar contrariar carregar explorar contar curar danificar dedicar descobrir evitar, esquivar beber comer sugerir, flutuar proibir gerar sustentar, segurar, ocupar, deter melhor lanar cobrar, coletar, arrecadar escutar
53
to be based to be intended to be stricken to be stuck to be subjected to beat to beg to buck to carry to comb to count to cure to damage to devote to discover to dodge to drink to eat to float to forbid to generate to hold to improve to launch to levy to listen
E F G H I L

M O Q
to to to to to to to to to to to to to
make meet open owe quit recover repeal research revise slash smoke spoil suppress
to tinker
T
to tout to to to to track wear worth yield
W Y
fazer conhecer, encontrar abrir dever, estar em dvida parar, sair recuperar repelir pesquisar revisar cortar fumar estragar acabar, suprimir ajustar, fazer pequenas mudanas em algo para melhorar ou consertar apresentar ou cotar algo como bom ou importante rastrear usar, vestir valer trazer algo bom, render
Phrasal verbs
to to to to to to to to to to to to to bear out carry out come over cut back kick in look into phase out point out rev up set up spell out turn into work out confirmar realizar dar a impresso de reduzir entrar em ao analisar ser extinto gradualmente apontar acelerar rapidamente constituir, estabelecer enunciar transformar resolver
54

Expresses idiomticas all-but-certain around de clock to fall out of touch to hold dear to make a case to stand a chance to take to heart wake-up call praticamente certo 24h por dia perder contato apegar-se a, abraar (um projeto, uma promessa), comprometer-se com, dar importncia a algo argumentar, explicar as razes ter uma chance levar a srio chamada de despertar
Thats it for today! isso por hoje! Keep up the good work! Continuem com o bom trabalho! Hugs Abraos Teacher Gabriela
55

Exploring a flat income tax reform in Britain

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CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

Hello, students! Ol, alunos! Evolving in the language? Evoluindo no idioma?

Lets cut to the chase Vamos direto ao assunto

PROVA SRF Cargo: Auditor-Fiscal Ano: 2005

A dip in the middle

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

Flight of the French

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

The real medicine

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

A dip in the middle

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

Letra B Correta. o que nos informa a passagem abaixo:

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

SWEEPING CHANGES = MAJOR ALTERATIONS mudanas substanciais = importantes alteraes

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

Letra B Correta. Vejam:

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

considerably lower consideravelmente menor

present = presente, atual

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

Ateno ao PHRASAL VERB da letra E:

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

Flight of the French

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

O texto nos diz com clareza quem so os FISCAL REFUGEES:

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

The real medicine

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

Recordem os trechos do texto que nos apontam a resposta:

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

PROVA SRF Cargo: Tcnico da Receita Federal Ano: 2005

The case for at taxes

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

The prices of sin

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

When should we start to worry

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

The case for flat taxes

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

Recordem o trecho que trata do assunto:

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

The prices of sin

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

Vamos explorar o significado de HAND-WRINGING no MacMillan: