CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

Hello, guys! Oi, pessoal! Was Easter nice? Eating loads of chocolate? A Pscoa foi boa? Comendo muito chocolate? Vamos aproveitar o clima de renovao que a Pscoa nos trouxe para renovarmos as energias e as esperanas para nosso caminho rumo aprovao. Matria de hoje: Aula 04: Analista de Finanas e Controle STN ESAF 2008. Analista de Finanas e Controle CGU ESAF - 2008

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUEST QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

PROVA 1
Sugiro que imprimam a prova toda e criem o banco de provas

PROVA STN Cargo: Analista de Finanas e Controle Ano: 2008

Banco de provas

Read the text below entitled `Half the nation, a hundred million citizens strong so as to answer questions 19 to 21:

Half the nation, a hundred million citizens strong

Source: www.economist.co.uk Sep 11th, 2008 (Adapted)

It remains hard to dene ne, , and attempts to do so often seem arbitrary. But in Brazil, the middle class describes those with a job in the formal economy, access to credit and ownership of a car or motorbike. According to the Fundao Getlio Vargas (FGV), a research institute, this means households with a monthly income ranging from 1,064 reais ($600) to 4,561 reais. Since 2002, according to FGV, the proportion of the population that ts this description has increased from 44% to 52%. Brazil, previously notorious for its extremes, is s now a middle middle-class country. This social climbing is a feature mainly of the countrys cities, reversing two decades of stagnation that began at the start of the 1980s. Marcelo Neri of FGV suggests two factors behind the change. The rst is education. The Th 15 quality of teaching in Brazils schools may still be poor, but those aged 1521 now spend on average just over three more years studying than their counterparts did in the early 1990s. econom to the The second is a migration of jobs from the informal black economy formal economy. The rate of formal job creation is accelerating, with 40% more created in the year to this July than in the previous 12 months, which itself set a record. Together with cash transfers to poor families, this helps to explain why in n contrast with economic and social development in India or China as Brazils middle class has grown, so the countrys income inequality has lessened.

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH 19- According to paragraph 1, in Brazil, a) 44% of the population has just entered the middle class. b) the middle class aims to earn 4,561 reais per month. c) a set of features de nes its middle class. d) access to credit has boosted by 52%. e) the monthly income of the middle class has dropped.

20- According to paragraph 2, the social climbing in Brazil a) might be explained by two factors. b) may also soon occur in the cities. c) should impact on the quality of education. d) could lower the quality of teaching. e) must encompass future generations.

21- According to paragraph 3, Brazils income inequality has lessened. Therefore, it has a) increased. b) been eliminated. c) remained unaltered. d) not been addressed. e) decreased.

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH Read the text below entitled `While Rome burns in order to answer questions 22 to 25:

While Rome burns

Source: www.economist.co.uk Sep 25th, 2008 (Adapted)

American plans to buy up assets that are clogging the nancial system lack detail but no one doubts that a massive government intervention is coming. In Europe jittery investors have no such reassurance. European governments have yet to respond publicly to calls from Hank Paulson, the treasury secretary, to follow his lead. They look set to keep faith with the approach that they have used to handle the crisis so far staving off liquidity worries by allowing banks to use facilities at central banks to swap their assets in exchange for ready cash. That makes many watchers nervous. The crisis in America has dramatically grown from one of liquidity to one of solvency as well. Lehman Brothers had access to the Federal Reserves discount window, after all, but still went under. The burning question now is whether banks have enough capital. On some measures, European banks look pretty well capitalized. The average tier-one ratio, which measures capital based on the riskiness of bank assets, stood at 8% in the rst half of the year. That looks solid enough, if you assume that banks have a good handle on risk.

22- The author refers to assets that are clogging the nancial system, which means they a) could have affected it. b) are blocking it. c) will surely affect it. d) are perfecting it. e) were redesigning it.

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH 23- In paragraph 1, the author refers to a massive government intervention which a) would worsen the scenario. b) is presently out of the question. c) would provoke constraints. d) is certainly on the way. e) seems highly questionable.

24- As regards investors in Europe at the moment, they are feeling a) nervous and upset. b) condent and optimistic. c) reassured, but cautious. d) slightly afraid. e) tense, but optimistic.

25- The author reminds the readers that banks are assumed to have a good handle on risk. In other words, they a) do not take it. b) eliminate it. c) do not accept it. d) hardly ever face it. e) understand it well.

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUEST QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH
PROVA 1: 1 TRADUO E COMENTRIOS Banco de provas

PROVA

STN Cargo: Analista de Finanas e Controle

Ano: 2008

Read the text below entitled `Half the nation, a hundred million citizens strong so as to answer questions 19 to 21: Leia o texto abaixo intitulado Metade da nao, cem milhes de cidados para responder s questes 19 a 21:

Half the nation, a hundred million citizens strong

Metade da nao, cem milhes de cidados
Source: www.economist.co.uk Sep 11th, 2008 (Adapted)

ne, , and attempts to do so often seem arbitrary. But in It remains hard to dene Brazil, the middle class describes those with a job in the formal economy, access to credit and ownership of a car or motorbike. According to the Fundao Getlio Vargas (FGV), a research institute, this means households with a monthly income ranging from 1,064 reais ($600) to 4,561 reais. Since 2002, according to FGV, the proportion of the population that ts this description has increased from 44% to 52%. Brazil, previously notorious for s now a middle-class country. its extremes, is middle lo normalmente parecem Continua difcil definir, e tentativas de faz faz-lo arbitrrias. Mas no Brasil, a classe mdia descreve aqueles com um emprego na economia formal, acesso a crdito e posse de um carro ou moto. De acordo com a Fundao Getlio Vargas (FGV), um instituto de pesquisa, isso significa lares com a renda mensal variando de 1.064 reais ($600) a 4.561 reais. Desde 2002, de acordo com a FGV, a proporo da populao que se %. O Brasil, antes encaixa nessa descrio aumentou de 44% para 52 52%. conhecido por seus extremos, agora um pas de classe mdia. This social climbing is a feature mainly of the countrys cities, reversing two decades of stagnation that began at the start of the 1980s. Marcelo Neri of FGV suggests two factors actors behind the change. The rst is education. The quality of teaching in Brazils schools may still be poor, but those aged 1515 6

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH 21 now spend on average just over three more years studying than their counterparts did in the early 1990s. A escalada social uma caracterstica principalmente das cidades do pas, revertendo duas dcadas de estagnao que comeou no incio dos anos 1980. Marcelo Neri da FGV sugere dois fatores por trs da mudana. O primeiro a educao. A qualidade do ensino no Brasil pode ainda ser pobre, mas aqueles com idade entre 15 e 21 anos agora gastam em mdia trs anos mais estudando do que suas contrapartes gastavam no incio dos anos 1990. The second is a migration of jobs from the informal black economy to the formal economy. The rate of formal job creation is accelerating, with 40% more created in the year to this July than in the previous 12 months, which itself set a record. Together with cash transfers to poor families, this helps to explain why in contrast with economic and social development in India or China as Brazils middle class has grown, so the countrys income inequality has lessened. A segunda uma migrao de empregos da economia negra informal para a economia formal. A taxa de criao de empregos formais est acelerando, com 40% mais criados no ano at este julho do que nos ltimos 12 meses, o que por si s um recorde. Junto com as transferncias de dinheiro para famlias pobres, isso ajuda a explicar por que em contraste com o desenvolvimento social e econmico na ndia e na China enquanto a classe mdia cresceu, tambm diminuiu a desigualdade de renda do pas. 19- According to paragraph 1, in Brazil, De acordo com o pargrafo 1, no Brasil, a) 44% of the population has just entered the middle class. 44% da populao acabou de entrar na classe mdia. b) the middle class aims to earn 4,561 reais per month. a classe mdia almeja ganhar 4.561 reais por ms. c) a set of features denes its middle class. uma srie de caractersticas define sua classe mdia. d) access to credit has boosted by 52%. acesso ao crdito foi impulsionado em 52%. e) the monthly income of the middle class has dropped. a renda mensal da classe mdia caiu.

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

It remains hard to dene, and attempts to do so often seem arbitrary. But in Brazil, the middle class describes those with a job in the formal economy, access to credit and ownership of a car or motorbike. According to the Fundao Getlio Vargas (FGV), a research institute, this means households with a monthly income ranging from 1,064 reais ($600) to 4,561 reais. Since 2002, according to FGV, the proportion of the population that ts this description has increased from 44% to 52%. Brazil, previously notorious for its extremes, is now a middle-class country. Continua difcil definir, e tentativas de faz-lo normalmente parecem arbitrrias. Mas no Brasil, a classe mdia descreve aqueles com um emprego na economia formal, acesso a crdito e posse de um carro ou moto. De acordo com a Fundao Getlio Vargas (FGV), um instituto de pesquisa, isso significa lares com a renda mensal variando de 1.064 reais ($600) a 4.561 reais. Desde 2002, de acordo com a FGV, a proporo da populao que se encaixa nessa descrio aumentou de 44% para 52%. O Brasil, antes conhecido por seus extremos, agora um pas de classe mdia.

Vamos primeiro entender os nmeros que aparecem nas assertivas: 44% a 52% = proporo da populao que se encaixa na descrio de classe mdia. 1.064 a 4.561 reais = variao da renda mensal de lares de classe mdia. Letras A, B e D excludas em razo da explicao acima. Letra C Correta. O autor afirma que, no Brasil, considerado de classe mdia quem tem: 1. Emprego na economia formal (job in the formal economy) 2. Acesso a crdito (access to credit) 3. Posse de um carro ou moto (ownership of a car or motorbike). Logo, h uma srie de caractersticas (set of features) que definem o que classe mdia no Brasil. Letra E Errada. O texto no afirma que a renda da classe mdia diminuiu ou aumentou. Apenas nos diz que o nmero de pessoas que integram a classe mdia no Brasil aumentou.

20- According to paragraph 2, the social climbing in Brazil 8

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH De acordo com o pargrafo 2, a escalada social no Brasil a) might be explained by two factors. pode ser explicada por dois fatores. b) may also soon occur in the cities. pode em breve tambm ocorrer nas cidades. c) should impact on the quality of education. deveria impactar a qualidade da educao. d) could lower the quality of teaching. poderia diminuir a qualidade do ensino. e) must encompass future generations. deve abranger geraes futuras. Vejamos o que nos diz o 2 pargrafo:
This social climbing is a feature mainly of the countrys cities, reversing two decades of stagnation that began at the start of the 1980s. Marcelo Neri of FGV suggests two factors behind the change. The rst is education. The quality of teaching in Brazils schools may still be poor, but those aged 15-21 now spend on average just over three more years studying than their counterparts did in the early 1990s. A escalada social uma caracterstica principalmente das cidades do pas, revertendo duas dcadas de estagnao que comeou no incio dos anos 1980. Marcelo Neri da FGV sugere dois fatores por trs da mudana. O primeiro a educao. A qualidade do ensino no Brasil pode ainda ser pobre, mas aqueles com idade entre 15 e 21 anos agora gastam em mdia trs anos mais estudando do que suas contrapartes gastavam no incio dos anos 1990.

Letra A Correta. A frase em negrito nos aponta a resposta. A mudana (change) tratada na frase refere-se escalada social (social climbing) que reverteu duas dcadas de estagnao. Tal mudana ocorreu em razo de 2 fatores (two factors).
factors behind the change = might be explained by two factors fatores por trs da mudana = pode ser explicada por dois fatores

E quais so esses 2 fatores? Educao (education) e migrao de 9

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH empregos da economia negra informal para a economia formal (migration of jobs from the informal black economy to the formal economy). O segundo fator s aparece no terceiro pargrafo. Letra B Errado. J est ocorrendo. Letra C Errado. O texto no afirma que a escalada social (social climbing) impactar na qualidade da educao. Apenas afirma que o aumento dos anos de estudo um dos fatores da escalada social. Letras D e E - Erradas. O texto no afirma isso

21- According to paragraph 3, Brazils income inequality has lessened. Therefore, it has De acordo com o pargrafo 3, a desigualdade de renda do Brasil tem diminudo. Portanto, ela tem a) increased. aumentado. b) been eliminated. sido eliminada. c) remained unaltered. permaneceu inalterada. d) not been addressed. no foi tratada. e) decreased. diminuiu.

Vejam o 3 pargrafo:

10

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

The second is a migration of jobs from the informal black economy to the formal economy. The rate of formal job creation is accelerating, with 40% more created in the year to this July than in the previous 12 months, which itself set a record. Together with cash transfers to poor families, this helps to explain why in contrast with economic and social development in India or China as Brazils middle class has grown, so the countrys income inequality has lessened. A segunda uma migrao de empregos da economia negra informal para a economia formal. A taxa de criao de empregos formais est acelerando, com 40% mais criados no ano at este julho do que nos ltimos 12 meses, o que por si s um recorde. Junto com as transferncias de dinheiro para famlias pobres, isso ajuda a explicar por que em contraste com o desenvolvimento social e econmico na ndia e na China enquanto a classe mdia cresceu, tambm diminuiu a desigualdade de renda do pas.

Mais uma vez, nosso quadro-resumo memorex-movimentao nos ajuda a solucionar a questo. Acrescentem a ele o verbo TO LESSEN, que significa:
Diminuir Reduzir Encolher

TO DECREASE:
Decrescer Diminuir Reduzir Declinar Decair TO LESSEN = TO DECREASE

Letra E.

11

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH Read the text below entitled `While Rome burns in order to answer questions 22 to 25: Leia o texto abaixo intitulado Enquanto Roma queima para responder s questes 22 a 25:

While Rome burns

Enquanto Roma queima American plans to buy up assets that are clogging the nancial system lack detail but no one doubts that a massive government intervention is coming. In Europe jittery investors have no such reassurance. European governments have yet to respond publicly to calls from Hank Paulson, the treasury secretary, to follow his lead. They look set to keep faith with the approach that they have used to handle the crisis so far staving off liquidity worries by allowing banks to use facilities at central banks to swap their assets in exchange for ready cash. Os planos americanos de comprar todos os ativos que esto obstruindo o sistema financeiro faltam detalhe, mas ningum duvida que uma macia interveno do governo est chegando. Na Europa investidores nervosos no tm essa certeza. Governos europeus ainda tm que responder publicamente s chamadas de Hank Paulson, o secretrio do Tesouro, a seguir sua liderana. Eles parecem prontos para manter a f com a abordagem que eles tm usado de lidar com a crise at agora protelando preocupaes com a liquidez permitindo que bancos usem as instalaes de bancos centrais para trocar seus ativos em troca de dinheiro vivo disponvel. That makes many watchers nervous. The crisis in America has dramatically grown from one of liquidity to one of solvency as well. Lehman Brothers had access to the Federal Reserves discount window, after all, but still went under. The burning question now is whether banks have enough capital. On some measures, European banks look pretty well capitalized. The average tier-one ratio, which measures capital based on the riskiness of bank assets, stood at 8% in the rst half of the year. That looks solid enough, if you assume that banks have a good handle on risk. Isso deixa muitos observadores nervosos. A crise na Amrica cresceu dramaticamente de uma de liquidez para uma de solvncia tambm. Lehman Brothers teve acesso janela de desconto do Federal Reserve, enfim, mas ainda afundou. A pergunta que ao quer calar agora se os bancos tm capital suficiente. Em algumas medidas, os bancos europeus parecem bem capitalizados. A taxa tier 1, que mede capital baseado no risco de ativos do banco, manteve-se em 8% na primeira metade do ano. Isso parece slido suficiente, se voc presumir que bancos lidam bem com o risco.

12

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH 22- The author refers to assets that are clogging the nancial system, which means they O autor refere-se a ativos que esto obstruindo o sistema financeiro, o que significa que eles a) could have affected it. poderiam t-lo afetado. b) are blocking it. esto bloqueando-o. c) will surely affect it. certamente o afetaro. d) are perfecting it. esto o aperfeioando. e) were redesigning it. esto o remodelando. Aqui no era possvel resolver a questo usando cognatos ou compreenso do contexto. Era preciso saber o que o verbo TO CLOG significa. Vejamos: TO CLOG
Obstruir Entupir Encher Parar Frear Interferir Impedir Embaraar

Uma vez entendido o sentido do verbo acima, encontrar a resposta fcil, visto que se trata de uma palavra cognata verdadeira: o verbo TO BLOCK.
Bloquear Obstruir Entupir Encher Parar TO CLOG = TO BLOCK

Letra B. 13

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH 23- In paragraph 1, the author refers to a massive government intervention which No pargrafo 1, o autor refere-se interveno macia do governo que a) would worsen the scenario. poderia piorar o cenrio. b) is presently out of the question. est atualmente fora de questo. c) would provoke constraints. provocaria restries. d) is certainly on the way. est certamente a caminho. e) seems highly questionable. parece altamente questionvel.

American plans to buy up assets that are clogging the nancial system lack detail but no one doubts that a massive government intervention is coming. Os planos americanos de comprar todos os ativos que esto obstruindo o sistema financeiro faltam detalhe, mas ningum duvida que uma macia interveno do governo est chegando.

Aqui o examinador exige o conhecimento do verbo TO COME (vir, aproximar-se, chegar) bastante elementar. J nas alternativas, duas EXPRESSES IDIOMTICAS aparecem sendo uma delas nossa resposta.
out of question on the way fora de questo a caminho

ON THE WAY = IS COMING

Letra D.

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CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH 24- As regards investors in Europe at the moment, they are feeling No que diz respeito aos investidores na Europa no momento, eles esto se sentindo a) nervous and upset. nervosos e agitados. b) condent and optimistic. confiantes e otimistas. c) reassured, but cautious. tranquilos, mas cautelosos. d) slightly afraid. com um pouco de medo. e) tense, but optimistic. tensos, mas otimistas.

Mais uma questo tpica da ESAF: cobra conhecimento pontual de vocabulrio. No h compreenso do contexto que salve o candidato se ele no souber o significado da palavra pedida no caso JITTERY.
In Europe jittery investors have no such reassurance. Na Europa investidores nervosos no tm essa certeza.

J sabemos que o dicionrio Macmillan bastante usado pela ESAF em questes de puro vocabulrio. Com essa no foi diferente. Vejam o que nos diz este dicionrio sobre o significado de JITERRY:
Feeling nervous and upset, and sometimes being unable do keep still because of this

Sentir-se nervoso e agitado, e s vezes ser incapaz de manter-se parado por causa disso

Letra A.

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CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH 25- The author reminds the readers that banks are assumed to have a good handle on risk. In other words, they O autor lembra os leitores que presume-se que os bancos lidem bem o risco. Em outras palavras, a) do not take it. no os assume. b) eliminate it. os elimina. c) do not accept it. no os aceita. d) hardly ever face it. quase nunca os enfrenta. e) understand it well. os entende bem.

Outra vez, questo de vocabulrio. Vamos conhecer o importante verbo TO HANDLE:

Lidar com Controlar Guiar Manobrar Manejar Manipular

Assim, lidar bem com o risco (handle it well) o mesmo que entend-lo bem (understand it well). Letra E.

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CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUEST QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH
PROVA 2
Sugiro que imprimam as provas e criem o banco de provas

Banco de provas
PROVA CGU Cargo: Analista de Finanas e Controle Banca: ESAF Ano: 2008

Your answers to questions 16 to 18 must be based on the text below entitled Land of Promise:

Land of Promise
Source: www.economist.com/specialreports April 12th 2007 (Adapted)

In 2003 Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, selected Brazil, along with Russia, India and China, as one of the BRICs BRICs- the developing countries that would share dominance of the world economy by 2050. In some ways Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs. Unlike China and Russia it is a full-blooded blooded democracy; unlike India it has no serious disputes with its neighbours. It is the only BRIC without a nuclear bomb. The Heritag Heritage Foundations Economic Freedom Index, which measures such factors as protection of property rights and free trade, ranks Brazil (moderate free) above the other BRICs (mostly unfree). One of the main reasons why Chinas and Indias is that Brazil is Brazils growth has been slower than Chinas richer and more urbanized. The survey will argue that disgruntlement persists because Brazil is a battleground between progress and inertia. Since independence was proclaimed by the son of the Portuguese king, Brazil has been adding layer upon layer of change rather than sweeping away the old and starting afresh.

16- In paragraph 1, four countries are referred to as 17

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH a) unlikely to play a key role in the world economic scenario. b) the slowest-growing economies of the present. c) likely to dominate the world economy in the future. d) the fastest-growing economies over the past 50 years. e) being todays richest and most prosperous economies.

17- In paragraph 2, the author compares Brazils growth to Chinas and Indias and, therefore, denes it as a) not being as fast. b) dependent on the latter. c) unexpectedly higher. d) not as stable. e) the least steady.

18- In paragraph 3, progress and inertia are cited as the two a) complementary forces in Brazils promising future. b) opposing forces in the Brazilian battleground. c) foes of Brazils past growth as a world economy. d) forces that triggered Brazils economic growth. e) realities which are likely to coexist in Brazils economic scenario.

Your answers to questions 19 to 21 must be based on the text below entitled Brazils president is wildly popular: 18

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

Brazils President is Wildly Popular

Source: Special Double Issue Newsweek Dec 31st, 2007/ Jan 7th, 2008 (Adapted)

For Brazilian President Luiz Incio Lula da Silva, 2007 has been a good year. The economy is surging, even as the United States shows signs of weakness. Rising real wages, school enrollments and life expectancy have nally nudged Brazil into the United Nations elite of high human development nations. One by one Lula has seen top aides and allies fall to corruption scandals, but so far nothing seems to dim his aura. Now some of Lulas most ardent devotees in the ruling Workers Party (PT) are even pushing to change the Constitution to allow him to run for a third consecutive term in ofce. All the stars are aligned, says Walter Molano, a specialist in emerging markets with BCP Securities. 19- The opening sentence of the text refers to the year of 2007 as having been a) challenging. b) lost. c) positive. d) negative. e) gloomy. 20- The text reports that the Brazilian economy is surging. In other words, a) its scenario had urged caution. b) its growth has been slowing down. c) it will emerge in the near future. d) it is undergoing a process of growth. e) its development has been hindered. 21- According to the text, the Brazilian President 19

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH a) could have run for a third consecutive term. b) might have to face a second consecutive term in ofce. c) must have run for a third term. d) ought to have faced a second election round. e) is not currently allowed to run for a third consecutive term.

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CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

PROVA 2: TRADUO E COMENTRIOS

Your answers to questions 16 to 18 must be based on the text below entitled Land of Promise: Suas respostas s questes 16 a 18 devem ser baseadas no texto abaixo intitulado Terra de Promessa:

Land of Promise Terra de Promessa

In 2003 Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, selected Brazil, along with Russia, India and China, as one of the BRICs- the developing countries that would share dominance of the world economy by 2050. Em 2003 a Goldman Sachs, um banco de investimento, selecionou o Brasil, junto com Rssia, ndia e China, como um dos BRICs os pases em desenvolvimento que dividiriam o domnio da economia mundial at 2050. In some ways Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs. Unlike China and Russia it is a full-blooded democracy; unlike India it has no serious disputes with its neighbours. It is the only BRIC without a nuclear bomb. The Heritage Foundations Economic Freedom Index, which measures such factors as protection of property rights and free trade, ranks Brazil (moderate free) above the other BRICs (mostly unfree). One of the main reasons why Brazils growth has been slower than Chinas and Indias is that Brazil is richer and more urbanized. Em alguns aspectos o Brasil o mais estvel dos BRICs. Diferente da China e da Rssia uma democracia forte; diferente da ndia no tem srias disputas com seus vizinhos. o nico BRIC sem uma bomba nuclear. A Fundao Heritage ndice de Liberdade Econmica, que mede fatores tais como direitos de proteo de propriedade e livre comrcio, classifica o Brasil (livre moderado) acima dos outros BRICs (quase totalmente no livre). Uma das principais razes pelas quais o crescimento do Brasil tem sido mais lento do que o da China e o da ndia que o Brasil mais rico e mais urbanizado. The survey will argue that disgruntlement persists because Brazil is a battleground between progress and inertia. Since independence was proclaimed by the son of the Portuguese king, Brazil has been adding layer upon layer of change rather than sweeping away the old and starting afresh. A pesquisa vai argumentar que o descontentamento persiste porque o Brasil um campo de batalha entre progresso e inrcia. Desde que a independncia foi proclamada pelo filho do rei portugus, o Brasil vem adicionado camada por cima de camada de mudana em vez de varrer o velho e comear de novo.

16- In paragraph 1, four countries are referred to as 21

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH No pargrafo 1, quarto pases so referidos como a) unlikely to play a key role in the world economic scenario. improvveis de desempenhar um papel chave no cenrio da economia mundial. b) the slowest-growing economies of the present. as economias que crescem mais lentamente no presente. c) likely to dominate the world economy in the future. provveis de dominar a economia mundial no futuro. d) the fastest-growing economies over the past 50 years. as economias que crescem mais rpido nos ltimos 50 anos. e) being todays richest and most prosperous economies. sendo as mais ricas e prsperas economias de hoje.

In 2003 Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, selected Brazil, along with Russia, India and China, as one of the BRICs- the developing countries that would share dominance of the world economy by 2050. Em 2003 a Goldman Sachs, um banco de investimento, selecionou o Brasil, junto com Rssia, ndia e China, como um dos BRICs os pases em desenvolvimento que dividiriam o domnio da economia mundial at 2050.

Nessa questo, o examinador ofereceu vrias dicas para o candidato encontrar a resposta. Dica 1: os tais quatro pases so conhecidos como BRICs. Um pouquinho de conhecimentos gerais nos permite entender que tais pases esto em rpido desenvolvimento. Assim, excluiramos as respostas que indicam que tais pases no esto na rota de grande sucesso econmico, ou seja, as letras A e B. Dica 2: o examinador nos d os cognatos verdadeiros dominance e economy. Dica 3: temos uma data: 2050. Isso nos indica futuro.

Agora vamos entender o sentido do verbo TO DEVELOP: 22

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

Desenvolver Progredir Evoluir

Logo:
would share dominance of the world economy by 2050 dividiriam o domnio da economia mundial at 2050 = likely to dominate the world economy in the future provveis de dominar a economia mundial no futuro

Notem que as alternativas D e E so uma EXTRAPOLAO ao texto. Letra C.

17- In paragraph 2, the author compares Brazils growth to Chinas and Indias and, therefore, denes it as No pargrafo 2, o autor compara o crescimento do Brasil ao da China e ao da ndia e, portanto, o define como a) not being as fast. no sendo to rpido. b) dependent on the latter. dependente do ltimo. c) unexpectedly higher. inesperadamente mais alto. d) not as stable. no to estvel. e) the least steady. o menos estvel.

23

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

In some ways Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs. Em alguns aspectos o Brasil o mais estvel dos BRICs. () One of the main reasons why Brazils growth has been slower than Chinas and Indias is that Brazil is richer and more urbanized. Uma das principais razes pelas quais o crescimento do Brasil tem sido mais lento do que o da China e o da ndia que o Brasil mais rico e mais urbanizado.

Vamos ampliar nosso vocabulrio com palavras bsicas que aparecem bastante em provas: FAST: Rpido HIGH: Alto SLOW: Devagar LOW: Baixo

Vamos ainda explorar o sentido de algumas palavras importantes para a soluo da questo: DEPENDENT (cognato verdadeiro):
Dependente Subordinado Sujeito

LATTER:
Mencionado em segundo lugar Posterior ltimo

STEADY:
Estvel Slido Constante

O texto nos diz que o Brasil o mais estvel (steady, stable) dos BRICs em alguns aspectos. Logo as alternativas D e E esto erradas. A segunda frase destacada no quadro acima nos diz que o crescimento do Brasil SLOWER (mais lento) do que o destes pases, ou seja, no to rpido (not as fast). Letra A.

24

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH 18- In paragraph 3, progress and inertia are cited as the two No pargrafo 3, progresso e inrcia so citados como a) complementary forces in Brazils promising future. foras complementares no futuro promissor do Brasil. b) opposing forces in the Brazilian battleground. foras opostas no campo de batalha brasileiro. c) foes of Brazils past growth as a world economy. inimigos do crescimento passado do Brasil como uma economia mundial. d) forces that triggered Brazils economic growth. foras que provocaram o crescimento econmico brasileiro. e) realities which are likely to coexist in Brazils economic scenario. realidades que provavelmente coexistiro no cenrio econmico brasileiro.

Vamos relembrar o terceiro pargrafo:

The survey will argue that disgruntlement persists because Brazil is a battleground between progress and inertia. Since independence was proclaimed by the son of the Portuguese king, Brazil has been adding layer upon layer of change rather than sweeping away the old and starting afresh. A pesquisa vai argumentar que o descontentamento persiste porque o Brasil um campo de batalha entre progresso e inrcia. Desde que a independncia foi proclamada pelo filho do rei portugus, o Brasil vem adicionado camada por cima de camada de mudana em vez de varrer o velho e comear de novo.

Essa questo poderia ser resolvida com ateno aos cognatos e lgica. Como progresso e inrcia podem ser foras complementares? A inrcia impede o progresso! Letra A excluda. Como o progresso pode ser inimigo (foe) do crescimento? Letra C excluda. No faz sentido a inrcia provocar (trigger) o crescimento. Letra D excluda. J a letra E est errada pois o texto no afirma que progresso e inrcia provavelmente continuaro coexistindo. Pelo contrrio, no fim do pargrafo, o autor d a entender que o Brasil est mudando, evoluindo. Fica subentendido que est deixando a inrcia de lado.
battleground between progress and inertia campo de batalha entre progresso e inrcia

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CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

= opposing forces in the Brazilian battleground foras opostas no campo de batalha brasileiro

Digam-me: No era possvel resolver apenas com lgica e cognatos?

INERTIA X PROGRESS = OPPOSING FORCES

Letra B.

Your answers to questions 19 to 21 must be based on the text below entitled Brazils president is wildly popular: Suas respostas s questes 19 a 21 devem ser baseadas no texto abaixo intitulado O Presidente do Brasil muito popular:

Brazils President is Wildly Popular O Presidente do Brasil muito popular

For Brazilian President Luiz Incio Lula da Silva, 2007 has been a good year. The economy is surging, even as the United States shows signs of weakness. Rising real wages, school enrollments and life expectancy have nally nudged Brazil into the United Nations elite of high human development nations. One by one Lula has seen top aides and allies fall to corruption scandals, but so far nothing seems to dim his aura. Now some of Lulas most ardent devotees in the ruling Workers Party (PT) are even pushing to change the Constitution to allow him to run for a third consecutive term in ofce. All the stars are aligned, says Walter Molano, a specialist in emerging markets with BCP Securities. Para o presidente brasileiro Luiz Incio Lula da Silva, 2007 tem sido um bom ano. A economia est crescendo, mesmo com os Estados Unidos mostrando sinais de fraqueza. Aumentar salrios reais, matrculas em escolas e expectativa de vida finalmente empurrou o Brasil para dentro de elite das Naes Unidas dos pases com alto desenvolvimento humano. Um por um Lula viu os principais assessores e aliados carem em escndalos de corrupo, mas at agora nada parece ofuscar sua aura. Agora alguns dos mais ardentes devotos de Lula na liderana do Partido Trabalhista (PT) esto at forando para mudar a Constituio para permitir que ele concorra a um terceiro mandato consecutivo no cargo. Todos os astros esto alinhados, disse Walter Molano, um especialista em mercados emergentes com BCP Securities.

19- The opening sentence of the text refers to the year of 2007 as having been A frase de abertura do texto refere-se ao ano de 2007 como tendo sido 26

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH a) challenging. desafiador. b) lost. perdido. c) positive. positivo. d) negative. negativo. e) gloomy. sombrio.
For Brazilian President Luiz Incio Lula da Silva, 2007 has been a good year. Para o presidente brasileiro Luiz Incio Lula da Silva, 2007 tem sido um bom ano.

Questo moleza, no? O adjetivo GOOD (bom) muito simples e bastante usado. A resposta era igualmente tranquila de ser entendida, visto que trata-se de um cognato verdadeiro: positive (positivo). Letra C.

20- The text reports that the Brazilian economy is surging. In other words, O texto relata que a economia brasileira est crescendo. Em outras palavras, a) its scenario had urged caution. seu cenrio pediu cautela. b) its growth has been slowing down. seu crescimento est desacelerando. c) it will emerge in the near future. ir emergir em um futuro prximo. d) it is undergoing a process of growth. est passando por um processo de crescimento. e) its development has been hindered. seu crescimento tem sido dificultado.

Vamos explorar o significado de alguns verbos: 27

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH TO URGE
Pedir Solicitar com insistncia Instigar Estimular Insistir

TO SURGE
Aumentar repentinamente

TO EMERGE
Emergir Sair Aparecer Desenvolver-se Formar-se Surgir

TO UNDERGO
Passar por Ser submetido a Experimentar

TO HINDER
Dificultar Impedir Retardar Obstruir

ainda muito importante que o candidato conhea a expresso idiomtica TO SLOW DOWN visto que a mesma aparece bastante em provas.
TO SLOW DOWN desacelerar, tornar menos ativo

Se a economia est surging (crescendo) ela est undergoing a process of growth (passando por um processo de crescimento). Cuidado que SURGING um falso cognato! No quer dizer surgindo. A pegadinha da questo era essa, combinada alternativa C. O aluno poderia relacionar o cognato falso surging (crescendo) com o verdadeiro emerge (emergir) e entend-los como sinnimos. No so! Letra D.

21- According to the text, the Brazilian President De acordo com o texto, o Presidente brasileiro 28

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH a) could have run for a third consecutive term. poderia ter concorrido ao terceiro mandato consecutivo. b) might have to face a second consecutive term in ofce. poder ter que enfrentar um segundo mandato no gabinete. c) must have run for a third term. deve concorrer a um terceiro mandato. d) ought to have faced a second election round. deveria ter enfrentado uma segunda rodada de eleio. e) is not currently allowed to run for a third consecutive term. no atualmente autorizado a concorrer a um terceiro mandato consecutivo.

Now some of Lulas most ardent devotees in the ruling Workers Party (PT) are even pushing to change the Constitution to allow him to run for a third consecutive term in ofce. Agora alguns dos mais ardentes devotos de Lula na liderana do Partido Trabalhista (PT) esto at forando para mudar a Constituio para permitir que ele concorra a um terceiro mandato consecutivo no cargo.

Nessa questo o examinador explora o uso dos MODAIS. Consultem o quadro-resumo. Vamos discutir as maneiras de resolver a questo: Caminho 1 Conhecer as palavras-chave do texto. Vejam como no necessrio entender palavra por palavra da frase bastam as seguintes:
change, Constitution, allow, to run, third consecutive term mudar, Constituio, permitir, concorrer, terceiro mandato consecutivo

Se precisa mudar (change) a Constituio para que ele concorra (run) ao terceiro mandato consecutivo, podemos entender que hoje ele no autorizado a concorrer (is not currently allowed to run).

Caminho 2

29

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH Vamos usar nossos conhecimentos gerais. H possibilidade de um terceiro mandato consecutivo no Brasil? Ainda no. Sendo assim, ele no autorizado (allowed) a concorrer (to run) a um terceiro mandato consecutivo (a third consecutive term). Letra E.

REPORTAGEM 30

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUEST QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

Banco de Textos Texto retirado do site www.economist.com

Global trade is slowing

Japan posts dismal export figures; global trade will decline in 2009, the first drop since 1982
Nov 22nd 2008

THE latest figures on Japanese exports, released this week, make for grim reading. Exports, an important driver of the Japanese economy, were 7.7% lower in October than they were a year earlier. That drop, the biggest in nearly seven years, is just the latest latest piece of bad news for the Japanese economy, which officially fell into recession this week. It surprises nobody that Japanese exports to rich countries are down: they have been flat or falling for some time, with exports to North America, for example, failing to grow in 2007. More troubling is evidence that emergingemerging economy demand for Japanese goods has now also been hit. Exports to Asia are down by 4% and those to China fell for the first time in three years. In the past few years Japan has come to rely, increasingly, on demand for its exports from developing and emerging markets. In 2007 its exports to Latin America and Africa grew by 25% and 22% respectively and exports to ros by 12%. Now the rest of Asia, accounting for half of its total exports, rose evidence is growing that the developing world is increasingly battered by the economic slowdown and so is losing its appetite for Japanese goods. Rich countries in general, many of them already grappling with recessions, he fact that trade is slowing: the World Bank expects must now deal with the global trade to decline by 2.5% in 2009, the first drop since 1982. Germany, which is also in recession, has seen exports badly hit. Rich Rich-country exports are typically of expensive, complicated goods, demand demand for which is highly for example German heavy machinery or Japanese cars (exports of elasticfor the latter fell by 15% in October). What of the export prospects of countries that make the cheap clothes and other necessities that people keep buying even in lean times? Poorer 31

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH countries have been accounting for larger shares of global trade flows in the past decade. The likes of China and Bangladesh, countries which supply discount retailers such as Wal-Mart, should expect to see exports faring better. Wal-Mart claims that it accounted for half of American retail growth (excluding car sales and restaurants) in October, which suggests poorer exporters may have a chance to shine. Unfortunately, this picture is not rosy either. Although demand for poorcountry exports may be holding up, trade finance (loans directly tied to cross-border transactions) is disappearing. Developing economies depend heavily on trade credit for finance, but the market for this has been severely battered by the global shortage of liquidity. In addition, banks which lend in this market have generally become more risk-averse (probably beyond reason). The World Trade Organisation estimates that there is currently excess demand in the trade finance market of up to $25 billion. It has convened meetings of export credit agencies and banks to try and get the market going again, and the World Banks private-sector wing, the International Finance Corporation, will double the ceiling on trade guarantees available under its trade facilitation programme to $3 billion. Others are stepping in, too: The Reserve Bank of India has more than doubled the funds it makes available for banks to refinance export credit at favourable interest rates to $4.5 billion. Still Pascal Lamy, who heads the WTO, says that he expects the situation to deteriorate further. The Japanese and German export figures, grim as they are, may just offer a taste of the broader slowdown in trade that is under way.

TRADUO

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CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

Global trade is slowing

Comrcio global est desacelerando Japan posts dismal export figures; global trade will decline in 2009, the first drop since 1982 Japo divulgou nmeros de exportao sombrios; comrcio global ir declinar em 2009, a primeira queda desde 1982 THE latest figures on Japanese exports, released this week, make for grim reading. Exports, an important driver of the Japanese economy, were 7.7% lower in October than they were a year earlier. That drop, the biggest in nearly seven years, is just the latest piece of bad news for the Japanese economy, which officially fell into recession this week. Os ltimos nmeros sobre as exportaes japonesas, liberados esta semana, promovem uma leitura sombria. Exportaes, um importante motor da economia japonesa, foram 7,7% menores em outubro do que estavam h um ano. Essa queda, a maior em quase sete anos, apenas a mais recente pea de notcias ruins para a economia japonesa, a qual oficialmente caiu em recesso esta semana. It surprises nobody that Japanese exports to rich countries are down: they have been flat or falling for some time, with exports to North America, for example, failing to grow in 2007. More troubling is evidence that emergingeconomy demand for Japanese goods has now also been hit. Exports to Asia are down by 4% and those to China fell for the first time in three years. Surpreende ningum que as exportaes japonesas para os pases ricos esto baixas: elas estiveram constantes ou caindo h algum tempo, com as exportaes para a Amrica do Norte, por exemplo, fracassando em crescer em 2007. Mais preocupante a evidncia de que a demanda de economias emergentes por produtos japoneses foi agora tambm atingida. Exportaes para a sia caram em 4% e as para a China caram pela primeira vez em trs anos. In the past few years Japan has come to rely, increasingly, on demand for its exports from developing and emerging markets. In 2007 its exports to Latin America and Africa grew by 25% and 22% respectively and exports to the rest of Asia, accounting for half of its total exports, rose by 12%. Now evidence is growing that the developing world is increasingly battered by the economic slowdown and so is losing its appetite for Japanese goods. No ltimos anos o Japo tem vindo a depender, cada vez mais, da demanda por suas exportaes de mercados emergentes e em desenvolvimento. Em 2007, suas exportaes para Amrica Latina e frica cresceram em 25% e 22% respectivamente, e as exportaes para o resto da sia, responsveis 33

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH por metade das suas exportaes totais, aumentaram 12%. Agora evidncia est crescendo de que o mundo em desenvolvimento cada vez mais surrado pela desacelerao econmica e assim est perdendo seu apetite por produtos japoneses. Rich countries in general, many of them already grappling with recessions, must now deal with the fact that trade is slowing: the World Bank expects global trade to decline by 2.5% in 2009, the first drop since 1982. Germany, which is also in recession, has seen exports badly hit. Rich-country exports are typically of expensive, complicated goods, demand for which is highly elasticfor example German heavy machinery or Japanese cars (exports of the latter fell by 15% in October). Pases ricos em geral, muitos deles j lutando com recesses, devem agora lidar com o fato de que o comrcio est desacelerando: o Banco Mundial espera que o comrcio global decline em 2,5% em 2009, a primeira queda desde 1982. Alemanha, que tambm est em recesso, viu as exportaes duramente atingidas. Exportaes dos pases ricos so normalmente de caros, complicados produtos, cuja demanda altamente elstica- por exemplo, mquinas pesadas alems ou carros japoneses (exportaes deste ltimo caram 15% em Outubro). What of the export prospects of countries that make the cheap clothes and other necessities that people keep buying even in lean times? Poorer countries have been accounting for larger shares of global trade flows in the past decade. The likes of China and Bangladesh, countries which supply discount retailers such as Wal-Mart, should expect to see exports faring better. Wal-Mart claims that it accounted for half of American retail growth (excluding car sales and restaurants) in October, which suggests poorer exporters may have a chance to shine.
E as perspectivas de exportao dos pases que fazem a roupas baratas e outras necessidades que as pessoas continuam comprando mesmo em tempos de vacas magras? Pases mais pobres tm sido responsveis por cada vez maiores partes dos fluxos comerciais mundiais na ltima dcada. Pases do tipo da China e de Bangladesh, que abastecem lojas de descontos, como o Wal-Mart, devem esperar ver as exportaes se saindo melhor. Wal-Mart afirma que foi responsvel por metade do crescimento do varejo americano (excluindo as vendas de carros e restaurantes) em outubro, o que sugere que os exportadores mais pobres podem ter uma chance de brilhar.

Unfortunately, this picture is not rosy either. Although demand for poorcountry exports may be holding up, trade finance (loans directly tied to cross-border transactions) is disappearing. Developing economies depend heavily on trade credit for finance, but the market for this has been severely battered by the global shortage of liquidity. In addition, banks which lend in 34

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH this market have generally become more risk-averse (probably beyond reason). The World Trade Organisation estimates that there is currently excess demand in the trade finance market of up to $25 billion. It has convened meetings of export credit agencies and banks to try and get the market going again, and the World Banks private-sector wing, the International Finance Corporation, will double the ceiling on trade guarantees available under its trade facilitation programme to $3 billion. Infelizmente, este quadro no rosado tambm. Embora a demanda por exportaes dos pases pobres possa estar mantendo, financiamentos comerciais (emprstimos diretamente vinculados a operaes transfronteirias) esto desaparecendo. Economias em desenvolvimento dependem fortemente do crdito comercial para as financiamentos, mas o mercado para estes tem sido severamente agredido pela escassez global de liquidez. Alm disso, os bancos que emprestam nesse mercado tm, em geral, tornado-se mais avessos ao risco (provavelmente alm da razo). A Organizao Mundial do Comrcio estima que h atualmente excesso de demanda no mercado de financiamento ao comrcio exterior de at US$25 bilhes. Ele convocou reunies de agncias de crdito exportao e bancos para tentar fazer o mercado continuar andando, e a ala do setor privado do Banco Mundial, a Corporao de Finanas Internacionais, vai dobrar o teto para garantias comerciais disponveis sob o seu programa de facilitao do comrcio para US$3 bilhes. Others are stepping in, too: The Reserve Bank of India has more than doubled the funds it makes available for banks to refinance export credit at favourable interest rates to $4.5 billion. Still Pascal Lamy, who heads the WTO, says that he expects the situation to deteriorate further. The Japanese and German export figures, grim as they are, may just offer a taste of the broader slowdown in trade that is under way. Outros esto entrando tambm: O Banco Central da ndia mais do que duplicou os fundos que disponibiliza para os bancos para refinanciar crditos exportao a taxas de juros favorveis para US $ 4,5 bilhes. Ainda assim, Pascal Lamy, que lidera a OMC, diz que espera que a situao se deteriore ainda mais. Os nmeros das exportaes japonesas e alems, sombrias como so, podem oferecer um gostinho da mais ampla desacelerao do comrcio que est por vir.

VOCABULRIO DA AULA

Banco de vocabulrio 35

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH

access age ally / allies answer approach arbitrary asset attempts battleground challenging cheap city climb climbing commercial-paper Constitution constraint corruption counterpart deal demand devotees discount drop economic slowdown economy emerging enrollment entitled expensive extensive facilities fast features

acesso idade aliado / aliados resposta abordagem arbitrrio ativo, posse, haver tentativas campo de batalha desafiador barato cidade subida, escalada, ascenso escalada notas promissrias Constituio restrio, limite corrupo Algum que tem o mesmo emprego ou objetivo que outra pessoa, mas em um pas, tempo, situao ou organizao diferente acordo, negcio, transao demanda devotos desconto queda desacelerao econmica economia emergente matrcula intitulado caro extenso, largo, vasto, amplo instalaes, dependncias rpido caractersticas 36

figure tfully

J K

foe free trade funds gloomy goods guarantees half hard hardly ever high household housing construction hundred in exchange income inequality index interest rate intervention investment jittery key king land latter layer lead life expectancy liquidity market marketable bundles of debt massive meeting migration million monthly nation neighbor

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH nmero, cifra, algarismo intermitentemente, com interrupes, de modo no contnuo inimigo livre comrcio fundos sombrio produtos, mercadorias garantias metade duro, difcil quase nunca alto, elevado lar construo civil centena em troca desigualdade de renda ndice taxa de juros interveno investimento nervoso, agitado chave rei terra ltimo camada liderana, direo, comando expectativa de vida liquidez mercado pacotes negociveis de dvida macio reunio, encontro migrao milho mensal nao vizinho 37

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH nothing nada nuclear bomb bomba nuclear old velho O ownership posse, propriedade atualmente, logo, em breve, daqui a presently pouco, agora, num instante promessa P promise property propriedade property right direito de propriedade Q questionable questionvel ratio taxa mo, ao alcance, disponvel, pronto, ready preparado, disposto reason razo confiana ou certeza restabelecida R reassurance retail varejo riskiness qualidade do que arriscado ou perigoso round rodada ruling no poder, que domina scandal escndalo school escola second segundo securitization mercados de securitizao markets sentence frase set conjunto, grupo, srie vrios, inmeros, diversos S several shadow sombra shortage escassez sign sinal slow devagar stagnation estagnao strain presso, tenso supply oferta, fornecimento teaching ensino term mandato T together junto treasury Tesouro unemployment desemprego U upset agitado, perturbado wage salrio W watcher observador 38

weakness window wrong

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH fraqueza janela errado

Verbs to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to accelerate add address affect aim allow begin burn clog compare cost deal decline define describe develop dim employ encompass enter explain finance fit follow force help hinder increase lack mean measure nudge occur perfect acelerar adicionar tratar afetar, ter influncia sobre, produzir efeito almejar, objetivar, intencionar permitir comear, iniciar queimar obstruir, entupir comparar custar lidar com declinar, cair, diminuir definir descrever desenvolver ofuscar empregar abranger, abarcar, incluir entrar explicar financiar caber seguir forar ajudar dificultar, impedir aumentar faltar, necessitar, carecer de significar medir empurrar ocorrer aperfeioar, melhorar 39

B C

H I L M N O P

to to to to to to to to to

persist range rank redesign rely remind reverse see seem

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH persistir variar classificar remodelar depender, contar com fazer lembrar, trazer memria reverter ver parecer selecionar vender dividir estudar crescer trocar, permutar, negociar assumir (responsabilidade) provocar, desencadear passar por pedir, solicitar com urgncia preocupar piorar

to select S to sell to share to study to to to to to to to surge swap take trigger undergo urge worry

T U W

to worsen

Phrasal verbs to be based on to buy up to to to to to fall to go under run for stave off sweep away ser baseado em comprar tudo o que est disponvel de algo ou comprar em grande quantidade cair em afundar concorrer (a algum cargo eletivo) protelar, adiar varrer

Expresses idiomticas after all as well burning question full-blooded enfim tambm "pergunta que no quer calar" forte, vigoroso, de sangue puro 40

CURSO ONLINE DE INGLS QUESTES COMENTADAS AFRFB PROFESSORA GABRIELA KNOBLAUCH lean times perodo de pobreza, vacas magras on the way a caminho out of question fora de questo pretty well muito bem so far at agora to be under way estar a caminho, em progresso, em operao to get going estar ou colocar em operao ou andamento to step in entrar, intervir, interferir to take office tomar posse, entrar em exerccio

Till next week, guys! At a semana que vem, pessoal! Hugs Abraos Teacher Gabriela

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