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The Restoration 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 In May 1660, Parliament invited Charles II to come ac! "rom e#ile in the $etherlands% &e 'as cro'ned (in) Charles II o" *n)land, +ales, ,cotland and Ireland% Charles II made it clear that he had -no 'ish to )o on his travels a)ain.% &e /nderstood that he co/ld not al'ays do as he 'ished /t 'o/ld sometimes need to reach a)reement 'ith Parliament% 0enerally, Parliament s/11orted his 1olicies% 2he Ch/rch o" *n)land a)ain ecame the esta lished o""icial Ch/rch% 3oth 4oman Catholics and P/ritans 'ere !e1t o/t o" 1o'er% 5/rin) Charles II.s rei)n, in 1665, there 'as a ma6or o/t rea! o" 1la)/e in 7ondon% 2ho/sands o" 1eo1le died, es1ecially in 1oorer areas% 2he "ollo'in) year, a )reat "ire destroyed m/ch o" the city, incl/din) many ch/rches and ,t Pa/l.s Cathedral% 7ondon 'as re /ilt 'ith a ne' ,t Pa/l.s, 'hich 'as desi)ned y a "amo/s architect, ,ir Christo1her +ren% ,am/el Pe1ys 'rote a o/t these events in a diary 'hich 'as later 1/ lished and is still read today% 2he &a eas Cor1/s 8ct ecame la' in 1679% 2his 'as a very im1ortant 1iece o" le)islation 'hich remains relevant today% &a eas Cor1/s is 7atin "or -yo/ m/st 1resent the 1erson in co/rt.% 2he 8ct
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)/aranteed that no one co/ld e held 1risoner /nla'"/lly% *very 1risoner has a ri)ht to a co/rt hearin)% Charles II 'as interested in science% 5/rin) his rei)n, the 4oyal ,ociety 'as "ormed to 1romote -nat/ral !no'led)e.% 2his is the oldest s/rvivin) scienti"ic society in the 'orld% 8mon) its early mem ers 'ere ,ir *dm/nd &alley, 'ho s/ccess"/lly 1redicted the ret/rn o" the comet no' called &alley.s Comet, and ,ir Isaac $e'ton% A Catholic king Charles II had no le)itimate children% &e died in 1685 and his rother, 9ames, 'ho 'as a 4oman Catholic, ecame (in) 9ames II in *n)land, +ales and Ireland and (in) 9ames :II o" ,cotland% 9ames "avo/red 4oman Catholics and allo'ed them to e army o""icers, 'hich an 8ct o" Parliament had "or idden% &e did not see! to reach a)reements 'ith Parliament and arrested some o" the isho1s o" the Ch/rch o" *n)land% Peo1le in *n)land 'orried that 9ames 'anted to ma!e *n)land a Catholic co/ntry once more% &o'ever, his heirs 'ere his t'o da/)hters, 'ho 'ere oth "irmly Protestant, and 1eo1le tho/)ht that this meant that there 'o/ld soon e a Protestant monarch a)ain% 2hen, 9ames.s 'i"e had a son% ,/ddenly, it seemed li!ely that the ne#t monarch 'o/ld not e a Protestant a"ter all%

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The Glorious Revolution 9ames II.s elder da/)hter, Mary, 'as married to her co/sin +illiam o" ;ran)e, the Protestant r/ler o" the $etherlands% In 1688, im1ortant Protestants in *n)land as!ed +illiam to invade *n)land and 1roclaim himsel" !in)% +hen +illiam reached *n)land, there 'as no resistance% 9ames "led to <rance and +illiam too! over the throne, ecomin) +illiam III in *n)land, +ales and Ireland, and +illiam II o" ,cotland% +illiam r/led 6ointly 'ith Mary% 2his event 'as later called the -0lorio/s 4evol/tion. eca/se there 'as no "i)htin) in *n)land and eca/se it )/aranteed the 1o'er o" Parliament, endin) the threat o" a monarch r/lin) on his or her o'n as he or she 'ished% 9ames II 'anted to re)ain the throne and invaded Ireland 'ith the hel1 o" a <rench army% +illiam de"eated 9ames II at the 3attle o" the 3oyne in Ireland in 1690, an event 'hich is still cele rated y some in $orthern Ireland today% +illiam re=con>/ered Ireland and 9ames "led ac! to <rance% Many restrictions 'ere 1laced on the 4oman Catholic Ch/rch in Ireland and Irish Catholics 'ere /na le to ta!e 1art in the )overnment% 2here 'as also s/11ort "or 9ames in ,cotland% 8n attem1t at an armed re ellion in s/11ort o" 9ames 'as >/ic!ly de"eated at (illiecran!ie% 8ll ,cottish clans 'ere re>/ired "ormally to acce1t +illiam as !in) y ta!in) an oath% 2he Mac5onalds o" 0lencoe 'ere late in ta!in) the oath and 'ere all !illed% 2he
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memory o" this massacre meant that some ,cots distr/sted the ne' )overnment% ,ome contin/ed to elieve that 9ames 'as the ri)ht"/l !in), 1artic/larly in ,cotland% ,ome 6oined him in e#ile in <rance? others 'ere secret s/11orters% 9ames.s s/11orters ecame !no'n as 9aco ites%

2his te#t is ta!en "rom 7i"e in the @nited (in)dom, a 0/ide "or $e' 4esidents, 3rd edition Pa)e 34 A Cro'n Co1yri)ht 2013

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