Ques. 1- Identify the usage areas of different types of mouse, scanner, printers. Ans.1.

Mouse: Mechanical mouse: Houses a hard rubber ball that rolls as the mouse is moved. Sensors inside the mouse body detect the movement and translate it into information that the computer interprets. Optical mouse: Uses an LED sensor to detect tabletop movement and then sends off that information to the computer for merry munching.

 Infrared (IR) or radio frequency cordless mouse: With both these types, the mouse relays a signal to a base station wired to the computer's mouse port. The cordless mouse requires power, which comes in the form of batteries. A mouse with many buttons: The extra buttons can be programmed to do specific things, such as navigate the Web or turn pages when youre reading a document. The typical button-infield mouse has about five buttons. Trackball mouse: Like an upsidedown mouse. Rather than roll the mouse around, you use your thumb or index finger to roll a ball on top of the mouse. The whole contraption stays

stationary, so it doesnt need a lot of room, and its cord never gets tangled. Stylus mouse: Another mouse mutation enjoyed by the artistic type is the stylus mouse, which looks like a pen and draws on a special pad. Cordless 3-D mouse: This kind of mouse can be pointed at the computer screen like a TV remote. 2. Scanner: Flatbed Scanner scans documents, image prints, or those kinds of things and produces its digital copy. Sheet fed Scanner used to scan single page documents.

 Handheld Scanner One of the most utilized handheld scanners is the barcode scanner, typically used in shopping stores to valuate goods. Photo Scanner is mostly used to scan photographs. Film Scanner- A film scanner is utilized to scan photographic films directly into a computer. Portable Scanner such scanners are useful for text document scanning. 3. Printers:- mainly two types of Printers i.e. Impact Printer: Dot Matrix Printer:- Dot matrix printers are commonly used

for printing invoices, purchase orders, shipping forms, labels, and other multi-part forms. Dot matrix printers can print through multipart forms in a single pass, allowing them to produce more pages than even high-speed laser printers. Non-Impact Printer: Laser Printer:- Large printers may use paper rolls that are cut after printing Inkjet Printer:- It is mainly used to give color printout as well as black & white. Thermal Printer:- It is used in calculators and many fax machines.

Ques. 2- Name the different portable devices. Ans:- The diff. portable devices are Mobile Phone Smart Phone Tablets Notebook Laptops Palmtops, etc.

Ques. 3- Identify the functionality of the given-Chipset, Clock Chip, Bus. Ans.:-(1.) Chipset:- The chipset consists of two main components, the North- and South- Bridge chips, which are connected over the PCI bus. The CPU,

Memory and AGP talk to the Northbridge and the Southbridge handles all the I/O, including the ISA bus. The link between the CPU and Northbridge is called Front-side bus, which is (usually) the same speed as the Memory Bus, and can be varied, as when over clocking. The Back-side bus connects the CPU with L2 cache. But even this is changing, because the essential problems that plagued the original PC still haven't gone away, in that some parts of the machine simply run too slowly, notably the PCI bus, which, at 33 MHz, is 10 times slower than even a 333 MHz CPU. If that weren't bad enough, all the I/O, including USB and Fire wire, go through the Southbridge and hence the PCI bus, losing all that speed advantage. Intel's intention (starting with 800 series

chipsets) is to have three major components, namely a memory controller hub, an I/O controller hub and a firmware hub, all tied together with a 266 Mbps interface. The CPU and AGP would talk directly to the memory controller, and any ISA slots would run through the firmware hub. (2.) Clock Chip:- The clock synchronizes the operation of all parts of the PC and provides the basic timing signal for the CPU. Using a quartz crystal, the CPU clock breathes life into the microprocessor by feeding it a constant flow of pulses. For example, a 200 MHz CPU receives 200 million pulses per second from the clock. A 2 GHz CPU gets two billion pulses per second. Similarly, in a communications device, a

clock may be used to synchronize the data pulses between sender and receiver. A "real-time clock," also called the "system clock," keeps track of the time of day and makes this data available to the software. A "timesharing clock" interrupts the CPU at regular intervals and allows the operating system to divide its time between active users and/or applications. (3.) Bus:- In computer architecture, a bus is a subsystem that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers. Early computer buses were literally parallel electrical wires with multiple connections, but the term is now used for any physical arrangement that provides the same logical functionality as a

parallel electrical bus. Modern computer buses can use both parallel and serial connections, and can be wired in either a multi drop (electrical parallel) or daisy chain topology, or connected by switched hubs, as in the case of USB. Ques. 4- Indentify the cards inserted in ISA, PCI & AGP Expansion Slots. Ans.:- Video cards AMR Advanced Multi Rate Codec Sound cards Network cards TV tuner cards Modems Host adapters such as SCSI and RAID controllers.

 POST cards BIOS Expansion ROM cards Compatibility card (legacy) Physics cards.(becoming obsolete as they are integrated into video cards) Disk controller cards (for fixed- or removable-media drives) Interface adapter cards, including parallel port cards, serial port cards, multi-I/O cards, USB port cards, and proprietary interface cards. RAM disks, e.g. i-RAM Solid-state drive Memory expansion cards (legacy) Hard disk cards (legacy) Clock/calendar cards (legacy)

 Security device cards Radio tuner cards Ques.5- Difference between CD & MO and Floppy Disk & Pen drive. Ans.:-(1.) Diff. b/w CD & MO- Like the first post says...magnetic storage is used on hard drives and older floppy disks. Sectors of the disk are charged magnetically and are easily changed later. Optical storage uses a laser to read data. On a CD/DVD, the laser picks up tiny marks made starting in the center and rotating outward. What makes a bluray disk unique is that it uses a different kind of laser that is much more precise and can read even smaller marks on a disk. These blu-ray disks can store up to around 50 GB or data on a dual-layer

disk compared to 9 GB on a dual-layer DVD. (2.) Diff. b/w Floppy Disk & Pen DriveThe major difference between a pen drive and flash drive is that a pen drive is generally only used as a mobile USB storage device, whereas a flash drive has many different uses for data storage. Another difference is that the pen drive always refers to a drive that can be plugged directly into a USB port. On the other hand, a flash drive may be accessible by a direct USB connection, a corded USB connection, or even stored internally inside a cell phone or mobile media device. Ques.6- What is Blu Ray Disk?

Ans.:- Blu-ray Disc (BD) is an optical disk storage medium designed to supersede the DVD format. The plastic disc is 120 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick, the same size as DVDs and CDs. Blu-ray Discs contain 25 GB per layer, with dual layer discs (50 GB) being the norm for feature-length video discs. Triple layer discs (100 GB) and quadruple layers (128 GB) are available for BD-XL re-writer drives. The major application of Blu-ray Discs is as a medium for video material such as feature films. Besides the hardware specifications, Blu-ray Disc is associated with a set of multimedia formats. Generally these formats allow for the video and audio to be stored with greater definition than on DVD.

Ques.7- What is Resolution? Ans.:- The resolution of an image in computer graphics refers to the pixel density of said image. For instance, older monitors used 800x600 often times. This means that for every 4 pixels in the horizontal direction, there are 3 in the vertical. This is where the aspect ratio comes from, which for an 800x600 resolution, is 4:3. The higher the value of the resolution, the more pixels there are per area of the image or screen, which means that there is more potential for fine detail, and on most systems means a crisper image. If you want to read more, check out the Wikipedia entry about display resolutions: