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1. Tooaggregate a.

Useafewindicatorsfordifferentcomponents
a.differentconsumptioncategoriesshouldbemeasuredwithdifferentindicatorsinsteadofbeing convertingintolandareas.

2. Representshypotheticalratherthanactuallanduse a. calculateactualfootprints b. decompositiontypeofapproach


a.yeap. b.onecannotinfermuchonthebasisoftheEFalone,neitherwhatisthemainproblemnorwhat mightbeadequatepolicysolutionstotheproblem.Therefore,adecompositiontypeofapproach isneeded,whichdistinguishesbetweenpopulationdensity,consumptionandproductionofgoods andservices(percapita),andunsustainablelanduseassociatedwitheachtypeofgoodor service.).Thisimpliesalogicalandcompletesystemofmultiple,complementaryindicators,based onasystemsperspectiveofinterconnectedenvironmentalproblems

3. Usesafixedsustainableenergyscenario a. Followascenarioapproach b. lesslandintensivesustainablesolutions c. amodellingapproach(insteadofaccountingapproach)


a.Oneshouldbecarefulintryingtondasingle,absolutevaluefortheEF,andinsteadfollowa scenarioapproach,whichallowstodealwithcomplexprocessesinthecaseoflarge,nonmarginal changes. b.Carbonsinklandsaretoolandintensivesolutions.Othersustainablesolutions,less landintensiveandthuslesssensitivetoincreasinglandprices,maybecomeattractivethen.These includeshiftstootherfuels,lessfueluse,increasingenergyefciencyofprocesses,restructuring oftheeconomyatvariouslevels(inputmix,sectorstructure,demand),orotherwaystoprevent CO2buildupintheatmosphere,suchasCO2removalandundergroundstorage. c.amodellingratherthananaccountingapproachshouldbefollowedtorealizeeconomically feasibleoutcomes.

4. Makesnodistinctionbetweensustainableandunsustainablelanduse, a. indicatorsfocusonprocessesthatcontributetounsustainability
a.Inordertomeasurethedegreeofunsustainabilityofaneconomyoractivityindicatorsare neededthatfocusonprocessesthatcontributetounsustainability,suchasunsustainable resourceuseandsoildegradation,ratherthanjustanoverall(andhypothetical)landareameasure.

5. Doesnotrecognizeadvantagesofspatialconcentrationandspecialization a. considernonphysicalfactors(i.econsidernumberofpeoplelivingina household,caroccupancy,income)


a.yeap

6. Biasedagainsttrade(incertainapplications) a. considerenvironmentalimpactsoftransport(fortrade)
a.yeap

7. Spaceandregions a. defineregionsfromanenvironmentalperspective(i.e.usingenvironmental boundaries) b. makeintertemporalcomparisons(foraparticularcountry,regionorcity)


a.regionalEFestimatesareratherarbitrary.Nationalboundariesareofageopoliticalandcultural natureandhavenoenvironmentalmeaning.Ifonewishestofocusonregionalfootprints,thenit wouldmakemoresensetodefinetheregionsfromanenvironmentalperspective,i.e.using environmental(hydrological,ecological)boundaries.OnemaythusendupwithEFsof,forinstance, continents,climatezones,largerconnectedecosystemsandrivercatchments.Thisisconsistent withBioregionalismandDeepEcologyperspectivesonsustainabletrade b.Consequently,incomparingthepercapitaEFamongregionsorcountries,itsvalueappearsin essencetobeareectionoftheglobaldistributionofwealth.ThepercapitaEFisneithervery informativeaboutthespatialdistributionoftheimpactsnorthecausesofenvironmentalpressure. Therearebetterindicatorsforallthreetypesofdistributions.Onlyanintertemporalcomparison foraparticularcountry,regionorcitycanbeinformative.

Intertemporal:Occurringacrosstime,oracrossdifferentperiodsoftime

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