Antennas 116

Antenna Synthesis
Given a radiation pattern, find the required current distribution to realize it.

Synthesis Principles For a line source, the pattern is

Define normalized pattern as

where Let

is normalized to give the normalized pattern.

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We have

This is Fourier Transform. The inverse gives

Usually, the derived from the inverse Fourier Transform of a given is infinite in extent. To approximate, truncate the current as follows
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Example 8-1 Given The current is The generated pattern is

Woodward-Lawson Sampling Method Let

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where Then

where Note that Provide better match than Fourier transform.

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Linear Array Shaped Beam Synthesis Methods Fourier Series Method Expand in interval by Fourier series

Then

Compare to a equal space linear array with current amplitude and spacing

We can make to approximate the pattern.

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Woodward-Lawson Sampling Method The synthesized array factor is the superposition of array factors from uniform amplitude, linear phase arrays:

where

Comparison

Ripple R: Transition width T:

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in main beam.

Antennas 122

Dolph-Chebyshev Linear Array Method Chebyshev Polynomials

which is a polynomial of A few examples,

with order n.

Properties: 1. 2. 3.

Number of extreme values in

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: n1.

Antennas 123

4. 5.

Number of roots: n. Roots are all in . All curves pass through (1,1), and (-1, 1) for even order, (-1,-1) for odd order.

Suppose a linear array with spacing , total number of element . Then, array factor is where If the current distribution is symmetric, that is, or rewrite it this way using the mid-point as the phase reference, for for Rewrite it again,

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In both cases, . Let then

is a polynomial of

with order

Beam maximum occurs at maximum Visible regions: . Maximum side lode level: To compute or . , or

, or

. Then the

, or

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For narrowest mainbeam width for a given side lobe level,

where

Half-power beamwidth:

where

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or

Directivity:

Example 8-5 Five-element, broadside, -20 dB side-lobe, halfwavelength spaced Dolph-Chebyshev Array (P=5, N=2)

where From 8-48 then

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Example 8-6 Optimum 10-element, -30 dB SLL, Dolph-Chebyshev endfire array

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The Taylor Line Source Method Let where is a constant and

At the pattern maximum, which is the main beam-to-side lobe ratio. In side lobe region, The zeros of this function are

In the main beam region,

The maximum occurs at

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As

This is the ideal Taylor line source where Zeros are at Taylor line source:

where The pattern becomes

where the zeros are

The required current distribution

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The half power beam width

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