GCACW Series Rules - Version 1-2

Great Campaigns of the American Civil War
Standard Basic Game Rules Version 1.2
BAPTISM AT MANASSAS BY KEITH ROCCO
GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR WELCOME

Welcome to the Great Campaigns of the American Civil War, an awardwinning series of games featuring all of the operations from some of the most famous campaigns of the war. Each Great Campaigns module includes a series of Basic Game scenarios that represent key engagements of one or more days within the longer campaign. Each module also includes one or more Advanced Game scenarios that depict extended periods of operational maneuver and combat within one of these campaigns. Each module comes with one or more detailed maps portraying the campaign area as it was during the 1860s, drawn primarily from Civil War period maps. This GCACW Standard Basic Game Rules booklet is being released with the ninth and tenth games in the series, All Green Alike and Stonewall Jacksons Way redesign. Veterans of earlier games in the series will recognize the standardized rules in this booklet and will be able to scan its content looking for updated information (highlighted in blue text). Once they have skimmed this rulebook for changes, they can proceed directly into the specific rulebooks for All Green Alike or Stonewall Jacksons Way and try any of the included scenarios. For newcomers to the series, we recommend that you first read this GCACW Standard Basic Game Rules booklet through Section 11.0 (Demoralization). Then read the rule updates included at the start of the Stonewall Jacksons Way rulebook. The first scenario you should try to play is Cedar Mountain. We hope you enjoy exploring these campaigns with us!
GCACW TWENTY-TWO YEARS LATER

by Joseph Balkoski The idea for The Great Campaigns of the Civil War came to me in early 1991, when I was working for the U.S. Army as a historian, just as a harsh winter melted away into a glorious spring, and I managed to work out a ten-day break from the office with nothing on my mind other than driving the country roads of northern Virginia and enjoying the fresh warm weather. It has been my passion since childhood to explore Civil War sites wherever I could find them, and on this particular journey I purposefully held to no agenda other than a resolution to get off the beaten path and find places I had never seen before. That was a challenge, as in decades of travel I had seen a lot. So, armed with detailed 1:100,000 U.S. Geological Survey maps, I set out to do just that. In truth, I dont remember much of the trip now except the overriding memory that more than a century of time had changed the landscape remarkably little. Several epiphanies struck me, among them one that I related long ago in the original edition of the Stonewall Jacksons Way rulebook, when I sat on the banks of Kellys Ford and contemplated what made some Civil War generals great and others so pedestrian. A secret of battlefield success, I concluded, was bringing troops to the field in advantageous ways, by means of expeditious movements, knowledge of the road network, deceit, and sometimes just plain luck. No one, in my view, had successfully brought out those elements of the Civil War in a wargame; by the end of the vacation I was resolved to try. I recall driving nearly to the top of Clarks Mountain and hoofing it the rest of the way to the peak. Not only was the panorama spectacular, but armed with a pair of good binocularsand luckily under a clear blue skyI could make out dozens of terrain landmarks within a radius of twenty-five miles or so, all of which figured vitally in Civil War campaigns between 1862 and 1864. This was both chilling and exhilarating to me, and the memory, which still lingers prominently in my psyche, provided just the inspiration I needed to get the project going. I am so profoundly satisfied that the original germ of an idea from long ago has grown so brilliantly, thanks to the dedication and toil of so many people, into one of the most enduring series of wargames produced in the history of our hobby. Even more satisfying is the obvious enjoyment and educational value the games have provided to countless devotees, along with the firm conviction that the Great Campaigns of the Civil War still has a bright future with plenty of new titles and subjects to look forward to. Thanks to all: the designers, developers, artists, testers, and above all players, who have sustained the series now for twenty-two years, far longer than I would ever have dreamed when I stood on top of Clarks Mountain in 1991. The series has been a vital part of my life, and with luck will continue to be for another couple of decades. Happy gaming! February 2013
Just as it did in the 1860s, Clark Mountain offers a sweeping view of Virginias Civil War landscape, from Culpeper (left of frame) to the Wilderness (right of frame) and points north beyond the Rapidan River. Photo Credit: Mike Morones
MULTIMAN PUBLISHING, INC. 2013
GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR TaBLE OF COnTEnTs

GCACW Standard Basic Game Rules, Version 1.2 ............. 4 1.0 Introduction ................................................................ 4 2.0 Basic Game Concepts .................................................. 4
2.1 Game Components .................................................................4 2.2 Playing Pieces ............................................................................4 Military Units ...........................................................................4 Leaders .......................................................................................4 Informational Markers.............................................................5 Sample Units..............................................................................5 2.3 The Map......................................................................................6 Major Terrain ............................................................................6 Special Hex/Hexside Features ...............................................6 2.4 Zones of Control .....................................................................6 2.5 Command Radius ....................................................................6 2.6 Abbreviations ............................................................................6 Jackson.........................................................................................15 Types Of Attacks ......................................................................15 Assault Action ..........................................................................16 Rain .............................................................................................16 Demoralization2 ...................................................................16 Flank Attacks ............................................................................16 Combat Example......................................................................16 7.5 Combat Results ........................................................................17 Letter Results ............................................................................17 Number Results ........................................................................17 Applying Results ......................................................................18 Entrenchments And Combat Values ...................................18 Unit And Leader Elimination ...............................................18 7.6 Retreats, Routs, and Advances ..............................................18 Retreat Restrictions .................................................................18 Retreat Priorities ......................................................................18 Overriding Retreat Priorities .................................................18 Manpower Loss ........................................................................19 Basic Retreat Principles ..........................................................19 Retreats Into Enemy-Occupied Hexes ................................19 Defenders Retreat Option .....................................................19 Advance After Combat ...........................................................19 7.7 Cavalry Retreat .........................................................................19 Performing A Cavalry Retreat ...............................................19 Cavalry Retreat Die Roll Modifiers .....................................20 Cavalry Stacked With Other Units .....................................20 Multiple Cavalry Retreats ......................................................20 7.8 Refusing Flanks ........................................................................20 Effects Of Flanks Refused Markers ......................................20 Removal Of Flanks Refused Markers ..................................20
3.0 Basic Game Sequence Of Play ..................................... 6

1. Random Events Phase ....................................................................6 2. Leader Transfer Phase ....................................................................6 3. The Action Cycle ............................................................................6 Action Phase..............................................................................6 4. Recovery Phase ................................................................................6 5. Turn Indication Phase ...................................................................6
4.0 The Action Cycle ......................................................... 7

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 The Action Phase .....................................................................7 The Initiative Segment ............................................................7 Passing ........................................................................................7 Activation Segment .................................................................7 Ending the Action Cycle ........................................................7
5.0 Actions ......................................................................... 7

5.1 March .........................................................................................7 Extended March .......................................................................7 Force March ..............................................................................8 5.2 Activate Leader .........................................................................8 5.3 Assault ........................................................................................10 5.4 Burn RR Station .......................................................................10 Who May Burn RR Stations ..................................................10 Procedure ...................................................................................10 5.5 Entrenchment ...........................................................................10 Who May Entrench .................................................................10
8.0 Recovery ...................................................................... 20 9.0 Entrenchments ............................................................ 21

Building Entrenchments .........................................................21 Entrenchments (1861): AGA.................................................21 Entrenchments (1862): SJW, HCR, SIV, And OTR .......21 1862 Entrenchment Procedure: ...........................................21 Entrenchments (1863): SLB, RTG And BAC ..................21 1863 Entrenchment Procedure: ...........................................21 Entrenchments (1864): GTC ................................................22 1864 Entrenchment Procedure: ...........................................22 Removing Entrenchments ......................................................22 Effects Of Entrenchments ......................................................22 Flank Attacks Against Redoubt Hexes ...............................22
6.0 March And Movement ................................................ 10

6.1 Rules of Marching ....................................................................10 Movement .................................................................................10 Attack .........................................................................................11 6.2 Rules of Movement ..................................................................11 6.3 Leader Movement ....................................................................12 Leader Transfer .........................................................................12 6.4 Stacking ......................................................................................12 Force Markers ...........................................................................12 6.5 Fatigue Levels ............................................................................12
10.0 Bridges, Dams, And Ferries ......................................... 22

10.1 Pontoon Bridges .......................................................................22 Building Pontoon Bridges ......................................................22 Pontoon Bridge Restrictions .................................................23 Pontoon Bridge Construction ..............................................23 Construction Die Roll Modifiers..........................................23 10.2 Destroying Bridges and Ferries .............................................23 Destroying Pontoon Bridges .................................................23 Dismantling ...............................................................................23 Destroying Permanent Bridges And Ferries .......................23 Destroyed Permanent Bridge/Ferry Effects .......................24 10.3 Repairing Permanent Bridges and Ferries ...........................24 Repair Restrictions ..................................................................24 Repair Procedure ......................................................................24
7.0 Combat ........................................................................ 12

7.1 Attacks ........................................................................................12 Targets Of Attacks ...................................................................12 Participation In Attacks ..........................................................12 Participation In Defense .........................................................13 Attack Restrictions ..................................................................13 Attack Procedure (Marching Unit Only) ...........................13 Attack Procedure (Assault Action Only) ...........................13 Grand Assault ...........................................................................14 7.2 Combat Values .........................................................................14 7.3 Artillery Values .........................................................................14 7.4 Combat Die Roll Modifiers ...................................................14 Ratio Modifier ..........................................................................14 Tactical Modifier ......................................................................15 Artillery Modifier ....................................................................15 Artillery Modifier Summary ..................................................15 Terrain ........................................................................................15 Lee (Not In RTG) ....................................................................15 Longstreet ..................................................................................15
11.0 Demoralization ........................................................... 24

Effects Of Demoralization 1 ...............................................24 Effects Of Demoralization 2 ...............................................25 Removal Of Demoralization Markers .................................25
12.0 R ain ............................................................................. 25

Rain .............................................................................................25 Rain Effects ...............................................................................25 River Fordability ......................................................................25 Minor River Rain Number Table .........................................25 Major River Rain Number Table ..........................................26 Unfordability Effects ...............................................................26
Setup Conversions ............................................................... 26 Limited Intelligence (Optional Rule).................................. 26
403 HEADQUARTERS DRIVE, SUITE 8, MILLERSVILLE, MD 21108
GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR
GCACW STanDarD BasIC GaME RuLEs, VErsIOn 1.2 1.0 InTrODuCTIOn

The purpose of this manual is to serve as a guide to playing Basic Game scenarios for any of the ten games that have been published to date in the Great Campaigns of the American Civil War (GCACW) series. The ten games published so far in the series are listed below (in order of publication), along with the three-letter abbreviation for each game. These abbreviations are used throughout this manual. Stonewall Jacksons Way (SJW) [Original Publication] Here Come The Rebels! (HCR) Roads to Gettysburg (RTG) Stonewall in the Valley (SIV) Stonewalls Last Battle (SLB) On to Richmond! (OTR) Grant Takes Command (GTC) Battle Above the Clouds (BAC) All Green Alike (AGA) Stonewall Jacksons Way (SJW) [redesign republication] Two modules were also published in the Skirmisher #2 magazine: Burnside Takes Command (BTC) Rebels in the White House (RWH) The first six games in the series were each published with their own rule booklet that contained minor changes in Basic Game rules from one game to the next. The Basic Game rules for the series were then standardized with the publication of the Standard Series Rules Upgrade Kit in Issue #1 of the GCACW Gamers Guide, The Skirmisher. This kit itemized the changes required to bring each game in line with the official common set of rules. Since the Basic Game rules have been standardized, each subsequent game in the series has included a Standard Basic Game rule book (such as this manual) and a separate set of rules that are unique to that campaign. The first version of the Standard Basic Game rules appeared in Grant Takes Command. These rules underwent only minor revisions for All Green Alike/Stonewall Jacksons Way. The new designation for the standard rules that are included with AGA/SJW are the GCACW Standard Basic Game Rules, Version 1.2. The rules that have been added or modified for Version 1.2 are shown in blue text for ease of identification. Since these rule sections are the most recent version of the Standard Series Rules (Standard Rules), they should also be used to update the rules in Sections 2.0 to 12.0 for the first six games in the series. Please note that the special rules and setups for each scenario still must be referenced from the rule booklet that was originally published with each game. The Upgrade Kit in The Skirmisher also contained 130 updated counters that are needed to convert the first five games in the series to the Standard Rules. Note: the various notes and leader counters for SJW contained in Skirmisher 1 should not be used when playing the republished version of SJW; these items are already included in the republication. Although these Standard Rules enhance the realism and enjoyment of the series, particularly the early volumes, their use slightly increases the complexity of play. Although this manuals rules are considered official, it is entirely understandable that some players may prefer to play the games strictly as originally written. Before starting play of any GCACW game, players must agree whether or not these Standard Rules will be employed. It is recommended that if these rules are used, they be used in their entirety, not selectively. However, rules listed as optional may be used selectively.
2.2
PLaYIng PIECEs
The following types of playing pieces (or counters) are used in the game: military units, leaders and informational markers.
MILITarY UnITs
Each player controls a set of military units. These are usually identified by their commanding officer, who is listed by name on the counter (e.g., Stevenson). Some small units. however, are simply identified by regiment (e.g., 10 GAthe 10th Georgia Infantry). Units also have designations on their organization bar (the colored bar below the units name) identifying the corps and/or the division to which the unit belongs. For example, the Union XX designation means the unit belongs to the Twentieth Corps; the Confederate F-A designation means the unit belongs to Forrests Corps, Armstrongs Division. Union infantry units also have a numerical division designation following their corps designation, which is used for informational purposes only. For example, XIV-3 is Fourteenth Corps, Third Division. Military units come in five different sizes: II = Squadron (Union only) III = Regiment X = Brigade XX = Division X+ = Demi-Division (Confederate only)
The demi-division was not a true military organization, although several Confederate reports from early 1862 used that term. It is an aggregation of 2 to 4 brigades from the same division and is appropriate for the early period of the war, when Confederate leaders could not easily control divisions with up to 16,000 men. Military units are divided into three types:
L Cavalry
I Infantry
# Artillery
Military units have two values printed on their counters: the Tactical value, representing the military competence of the units commander and troops; and the Artillery value, representing the number of artillery batteries attached to that unit. Military units have two sides: the front (normal) side and the reverse (exhausted) side. The exhausted side is marked by a white stripe across the top of the unit.
LEaDErs
There are four types of leaders in the GCACW series. A leader may never occupy a hex by itself. It must always be stacked with a friendly, subordinate military unit. The unique characteristics of each leader (and the proper way to identify their counters) are described in the sections below. Army Leaders: Army leaders have only a single number on their counters, which is their Command value. Army leaders are used to initiate grand assaults, and in Advanced Game scenarios of some games in the series they can perform the Activate Army Leader action. They must be attached to a subordinate infantry (not cavalry or artillery) unit at all times. Army leaders are present for both players in every game except SIV and AGA. District Leaders: District leaders are distinguished by the presence of a colored star on their counter. Like corps and division leaders, district leader counters contain two numbers: a Tactical value and a Command value. District leaders are hybrid units that are used to both activate units for movement and assault (like corps and division leaders) and initiate grand assaults (like army leaders). District leaders may not perform the Activate Army Leader action. They must be attached to a subordinate infantry (not cavalry or artillery) unit at all times. District leaders are found leading the forces in a side theater that was not large enough historically to warrant the deployment of an entire army (such as SIV or the GTC side theaters). Note: Not all games have District Leaders.
2.0 BasIC GaME COnCEpTs

One person is chosen as the Union player and the other as the Confederate player. However, playing the game solitaire presents no special difficulties.
2.1
GaME COMpOnEnTs
The components differ from one game to the next in the Great Campaigns series. Consult the original rule booklet for each game to find the list of components for that title in the series.

Corps and Division Leaders: Corps and division leader counters contain two numbers: a Tactical value and a Command value, but no red star. Players must check the Size column in the scenario setup to determine which leaders with these two numbers are corps leaders and which are division leaders. Corps and division leaders are used to both activate units for movement and to initiate assaults. Corps and division leaders must be attached to a subordinate unit belonging to the same corps or division at all times. This subordinate unit can be of any type (infantry, cavalry, or artillery), depending on the composition of the units in that corps or division. Some combination of corps and/or division leaders are present for both players in every game in the series. Some corps may even have both corps and division leaders present; in this case some units may be activated by either the corps or division leader at the players discretion.
SaMpLE UnITs COnTInuED

MILITarY UnIT (CavaLrY) FrOnT
Size Symbol Name Organization Exhaustion Indicator
BaCk (EXHausTED)
Tactical Value
Artillery Value
MILITarY UnIT (ArTILLErY) FrOnT

Size Symbol Name Organization Exhaustion Indicator
InFOrMaTIOnaL MarkErs
Strength Markers:A military unit must always possess a single Strength marker. A Strength marker has a front (organized) and a reverse (disorganized) side. The organized side has a single number from 1 to 21, which is both its Manpower value and Combat value. The disorganized side has two numbers: a smaller number in value (1/2 to 14), which is its Combat value; and a larger number in value (1 to 21), which is its Manpower value. Strength markers never function by themselves; they must always be assigned to a military unit. At the start of a scenario, a Strength marker of the correct Manpower value is placed underneath a unit on its organized side. Wherever a unit goes, its Strength marker accompanies it. A maximum of one Strength marker may be assigned to a unit at a time. As a unit suffers losses, its marker changes. A player may examine his opponents Strength markers at any time. Leaders never possess Strength markers. Although Strength markers can have numbers from 1 to 21, in most games in the series, players are limited to a maximum Manpower value that is less than 21.
BaCk (EXHausTED)
Tactical Value
Artillery Value
STrEngTH MarkEr FrOnT (OrganIZED) BaCk (DIsOrganIZED)
Manpower and Combat Value
Combat Value
Manpower Value
GaME
RTG SIV OTR BAC AGA All others
MaXIMuM ManpOwEr VaLuE

17 8 21 14 7 18
GCACW UnITs: THru GranT TakEs COMManD

The design of GCACW counters was consistent through the first seven modules in the series (up through Grant Takes Command and the two Skirmisher magazines). However we have introduced a new graphical look for the counters with Battle Above the Clouds. When playing older games in the series, refer to these diagrams to find information on the older counters.
ArMY LEaDEr COrps Or DIvIsIOn LEaDEr

Army Name Corps Name
SaMpLE UnITs
ArMY LEaDEr COrps Or DIvIsIOn LEaDEr
Army Name Organization Name Size Command Value Portrait Command Value Tactical Value Symbol Portrait Command Value Portrait
Command Value Tactical Value Name Organization
MILITarY UnIT (InFanTrY) MILITarY UnIT (CavaLrY)

Name Size Organization Symbol Artillery Value
Portrait
MILITarY UnIT (InFanTrY) FrOnT

Size Symbol Name Organization
Tactical Value
Tactical Value
Artillery Value
BaCk (EXHausTED)
Exhaustion Indicator
MILITarY UnIT (ArTILLErY)

Size Symbol
Name
Organization
Note: The back (disorganized) side of old Strength markers have the Manpower value in parenthesis
Tactical Value
Artillery Value
Artillery Value Tactical Value Note: Artillery values are parenthesized to remind players that artillery units may not attack in a march action

Fatigue Markers: As military units move and fight, they become fatigued. Fatigue is represented in five Fatigue levels from 0 to 4. Military units must always be at one of these levels. Fatigue markers are placed underneath a units Strength marker. As the units Fatigue level changes, its Fatigue marker is adjusted. A unit at Fatigue level 0 does not possess a Fatigue markerthe lack of such a marker indicates Level 0. Leaders never possess Fatigue markers.
2.5 COMManD RaDIus

Sometimes a leader must trace a command radius between itself and subordinate units or another leader. A command radius is a path of three or fewer contiguous hexes between a leaders hex (exclusive) to a units hex (inclusive). Terrain is irrelevant when a leader traces a command radius the three-hex path may enter any type of hex or cross any hexside. A command radius may not enter an enemy-occupied hex or an enemy ZOC. (It may enter an enemy ZOC hex if that hex is occupied by a friendly unit.) The hex occupied by a leader is considered within its own command radius.
2.3 THE Map MaJOr TErraIn

Each land hex on the map is classified as one of nine major terrain types: clear, rolling, rough, woods, city, swamp, provisional swamp, hill, or mountain. Each terrain type has its own Movement Point cost, listed on the Terrain Chart, which military units pay to enter the hex. Clear, rolling and hill hexes have distinctive base colors: light yellow for clear, light green for rolling, and orange for hills. Other hexes can be recognized by special symbology: a green brush pattern for rough a dark green forest pattern for woods a gray grid pattern for city a light green marsh pattern for provisional swamps a highlight to the provisional swamp for permanent swamp hexes (in OTR and GTC this highlight is given by making the swamps a darker green; in all other games the permanent swamp hexes have a silveryblue highlight applied), and a brown elevated land pattern for mountain.
2.6
ABBrEvIaTIOns
MP: Movement Points Org: Organized Regt: Regiment RR: Railroad Sub: Substitute VP: Victory Points ZOC: Zone of Control
Art: Artillery Brig: Brigade Cav: Cavalry Cmd: Command Disorg: Disorganized Div: Division Dmorlze: Demoralized Inf: Infantry
3.0 BasIC GaME SEQuEnCE OF PLaY

Each turn is performed according to a Sequence of Play:
1. RanDOM EvEnTs PHasE

Two dice are rolled; the players consult the Random Events Table. (Random events are only used in a Basic Game scenario if the scenario specifically calls for it.)
A hex is rough even if its green brush pattern is sparse. Likewise a hex does not have to be fully covered with a forest pattern to be woods or a grid pattern to be city.
SpECIaL HEX/HEXsIDE FEaTurEs

A number of terrain types appear along hexsides, such as rivers, creeks, ridges, fords, bridges, ferries, dams, and county borders. Several types of special terrain appear within a hex, such as villages, RR stations, pikes, roads, landings and redoubts, but these have no effect on a hexs major terrain classification. Woods Hexside: A woods hexside is a hexside between a woods hex and any other hex (including another woods hex). The hexside itself does not have to be covered with a forest pattern to be considered a woods hexside.
2. LEaDEr TransFEr PHasE

Leaders may be transferred from one subordinate unit to another.
3. THE ACTIOn CYCLE ACTIOn PHasE

A. Initiative Segment: Both players roll a die. The player with the higher roll wins. The winner must take initiative or pass (see 4.2). If both players roll the same number, special considerations may apply. In BAC, either the Union or Confederate player may win initiative depending on the specific number rolled. Insubordination may also occur. Check the BAC Basic Game Rules for more details. In all other games, the Confederate Player wins initiative.
2.4 ZOnEs OF COnTrOL

A military unit, regardless of its status, exerts a Zone of Control (ZOC) into each of the six adjacent hexes surrounding it. Exceptions: ZOC extend across major or minor river hexsides only at fords, dams, ferries, or bridges. Also, ZOC extend into and out of swamp and mountain hexes only across hexsides crossed by a road, pike, RR or trail. Finally, ZOC do not extend across allwater hexsides. Restricted ZOC: If a unit exerts a ZOC across a woods hexside (see definition above), and no road, pike, RR or trail traverses that hexside, the hex into which that ZOC is exerted is referred to as a restricted ZOC. Non-restricted Hex ZOC are sometimes referred to as A normal ZOC. Unless otherwise specified, restricted ZOC hexes function like Unit normal ZOC.
B. Activation Segment: The player who has taken initiative must perform a single action with an eligible leader or unit. At the end of an Activation Segment, the players return to the Initiative Segment and a new Action Phase begins. Players continue to perform Action Phases indefinitely until both players pass in the same Action Phase (see 4.4).
4. RECOvErY PHasE
Eligible units may entrench, build bridges, repair bridges and ferries, and recover from fatigue, disorganization, exhaustion, and demoralization.
5. Turn InDICaTIOn PHasE

Unit Hex A Shaded hexes represent the units 6 Zone of Control hexes. If a hexside between the units hex and Hex A were a woods hexside (see above), and no road, pike, RR or trail traversed that hexside, Hex A would be a restricted ZOC hex. The Turn marker is advanced one box on the Turn Record Track and the players begin a new turn. Exceptions: Occasionally, an individual Basic Game scenario might draw on one or more rules sections from the Advanced Game rules for that volume. In these situations, additional phases may be added to the sequence of play after the Random Events Phase.
4.0 THE ACTIOn CYCLE

Every turn has a single Action Cycle of indefinite length.
5.0
ACTIOns
4.1 THE ACTIOn PHasE

An Action Cycle consists of a variable number of Action Phases. Each Action Phase is composed of an Initiative Segment and an Activation Segment. As soon as a player completes an action in the Activation Segment, a new Action Phase begins. Action Phases continue indefinitely until conditions for ending the Action Cycle are fulfilled.
The player who takes initiative must perform a single action in the Activation Segment with one of his units or leaders. There are five types of actions: March Activate Leader Assault Burn RR Station (not in SIV or OTR) Entrenchment (1863 or later)
4.2 THE InITIaTIvE SEgMEnT

During this segment, both players roll a die. The player with the highest roll wins. If both players roll the same number, special considerations may apply: In BAC, either the Union or Confederate player may win initiative depending on the specific number rolled. Insubordination may also occur. Check the BAC Basic Game Rules for more details. In all other games, the Confederate Player wins initiative.
5.1 MarCH
Only a single unit (not a leader) may be chosen to perform a March action. A unit is eligible to march only if it is currently at a Fatigue Level of 3 or lessit may not march if it is at Fatigue Level 4. The units Strength marker may be organized or disorganized. A unit may march more than once per turn, but never more than once per Action Phase. A March is performed as follows: 1. The player with initiative selects one eligible unit anywhere on the map. The units Movement Allowance is calculated as follows: Union Infantry or Artillery Unit: The Union player rolls one die. The result is the units Movement Allowance. Confederate Infantry or Artillery Unit: The Confederate Player rolls one die. The die roll is increased by 1. The modified die roll is the units Movement Allowance. Exception: In OTR and AGA, the Confederate Player rolls one die (but does not increase the roll by 1). The result is the units Movement Allowance, although the units minimum Movement Allowance is 2, even if the roll is 1. Union Cavalry Unit: The Union player rolls two dice. The sum of the dice is the units Movement Allowance. Confederate Cavalry Unit: The Confederate player rolls two dice. The sum of the dice is increased by 1. The modified dice roll is the units Movement Allowance. 2. The chosen units Fatigue Level is increased by one. The unit gains a new Fatigue marker (or has an existing marker flipped over) to reflect the change. If this march brings a unit on its normal side to a new Fatigue Level of 3 or 4, or a unit on its exhausted side to a new Fatigue Level of 2, 3 or 4, it is an extended march, and the player must consult the Extended March Table. Note: Before proceeding to Step 3, enemy cavalry units in the active units ZOC may perform a cavalry retreat (see 7.7). 3. An eligible unit may enhance its Movement Allowance by making a force march. The Movement Points (MP) gained by a force march are added to the Movement Allowance calculated in Step 1 to determine a final Movement Allowance. If no force march is performed, the units final Movement Allowance is the number determined in Step 1. 4. Place the Active Movement Allowance marker on the Movement Track in the box corresponding to the units final Movement Allowance. 5. The unit performs its march. As it expends MP, the Active Movement Allowance marker is adjusted downward. The march ends when the marker reaches 0 or the active player states that the action is over. If the marker reaches 0 due to an attack, the action does not end until the attack is resolved. (Optional) A unit at Fatigue Level 4 may be selected in Step 1 of a March action if its Strength marker is organized. If a unit at Fatigue Level 4 marches, its Strength marker is automatically flipped to its disorganized side. (It retains its Fatigue Level 4 marker.) The player does not consult the Extended March Table. If a unit at Fatigue Level 4 marches, it may not also force march.
In some games, such as all OTR scenarios and the GTC Grand Campaign game, players must note the number on the winning die. In such games, this number is used to determine which units are eligible for activation with that initiative; see 5.2 for an example. If one player has no units eligible for activation in an Initiative Segment, his opponent automatically wins, and the dice are not rolled. (Exception: In some scenarios, the turn may end early or Insubordination may occur on certain tied initiative rolls. In these scenarios, both players must roll the dice in each Initiative Segment, even if one player has no units eligible for activation. If the player who has no eligible units wins the roll, he must pass.) The winning player must choose one of the following two options: Take Initiative: He may take the initiative, thereby obligating him to perform an action in the subsequent Activation Segment; Pass: He may pass, automatically yielding initiative to his opponent.
A player who lost the initiative roll but who has initiative yielded to him by a pass must choose one of the following two options: Take Initiative: He may take the initiative, thereby obligating him to perform an action in the subsequent Activation Segment; Pass: He may pass, automatically ending the Action Cycle.
PassIng
If the player who wins the initiative roll passes, he does nothing. His opponent must then either take the initiative or pass. If the opponent also passes, the Action Cycle ends.
4.3
ACTIvaTIOn SEgMEnT
The player who takes initiative must perform a single action with an eligible unit or leader in the Activation Segment. The counter selected for this action is called the active unit or active leader. The player controlling this unit/ leader is called the active player.
4.4 EnDIng THE ACTIOn CYCLE

As soon as a player completes an action in an Activation Segment, a new Action Phase begins. Action Phases repeat indefinitely in an Action Cycle until both players pass in the same Action Phase. Thus, an Action Cycle ends when the player who wins the initiative roll passes, and his opponent who is given the choice of taking initiative or passingalso passes. The Action Cycle also ends when both players have no units eligible for activation; or if a player passes when his opponent has no units eligible for activation. When an Action Cycle ends, proceed to the Recovery Phase.
EXTEnDED MarCH
If a unit on its normal side marches and its fatigue increase brings it to Fatigue Level 3 or 4, the action is an extended march. If a unit on its exhausted side marches and its fatigue increase brings it to Fatigue Level 2, 3 or 4, the

action is also an extended march. Before proceeding to Step 3 of the march procedure, the active player rolls a die and consults the Extended March Table. This roll may be modified. If the units Strength marker is organized, the modified roll is cross-referenced with the Organized column. If the units Strength marker is disorganized, the modified roll is cross-referenced with the Disorganized column corresponding to its current Manpower value. There are three possible results: NE: D: 1/2/3: No effect; the extended march has no effect on the active unit. Disorganized; the units Strength marker is flipped to its disorganized side. The units Manpower value is reduced by 1, 2, or 3. The units new Strength marker is placed on its disorganized side. on their disorganized sides. If the unmodified roll in Step 2 is 1 (for infantry) or 7 or less (for cavalry), the active units Manpower Value is unaffected. March Example: The Union player takes initiative and declares a march with Ferreros division, which currently is exhausted at Fatigue Level 1 with an organized Strength marker (Manpower/Combat value of 7). The Union player rolls a die to determine Ferreros Movement Allowance, obtaining a 4. Ferreros Fatigue Level is increased to 2, indicating that an extended march is in effect because of his exhaustion. The Union player rolls a die, obtaining a 3. Two is added to the roll because Ferrero is a Union unit which is not part of the Army of the Potomac. He consults the Extended March Table, cross-referencing 5 (3 + 2) with the Organized column. The result is NE, so Ferrero is unaffected by the extended march. (Had Ferreros march brought his Fatigue Level to 3 instead of 2, the Union players die roll of 3 would have been further modified to 6, and the result would have been D [Disorganized]. In this case Ferreros organized Strength marker would have been flipped to its disorganized side.) The Union player decides to force march Ferrero, which is permissible because of his organized Strength marker. He flips Ferreros Strength marker to its disorganized side and rolls a die, obtaining a 1. This is reduced by 1 to 0, but the minimum MP bonus in an infantry force march is 2. Thus, Ferreros final Movement Allowance is 6 (4 + 2). The Active Movement Allowance marker is placed in the 6 box on the Movement Track. Ferrero does not suffer Manpower value loss due to the force march because the unmodified force march die roll was 1.
As long as it is not eliminated by the result, the active unit resumes its march after determining the effects of its extended march.
EXTEnDED MarCH TaBLE MODIFIErs (aLL CuMuLaTIvE):

+1: All units in 1861 scenarios -3: In 1861 scenarios, if the marching unit is a cavalry unit -3: If the unit is executing a Retreat March (only AGA scenarios 2, 5, 6, & 7) +1: If, in any GCACW game, the marching unit is a Union unit. (Exception: In RTG or GTC, this modifier does not apply to cavalry units of the Army of the Potomac. In BAC and AGA, this modifier does not apply to any Union cavalry or mounted infantry units.) +1: In SJW, HCR, and RTG, if the marching unit is a Union unit not belonging to the Army of the Potomac. Note: In SJW, units not belonging to the Army of the Potomac have blue counter values; in HCR, any unit that is not part of the I, II, III, V, VI, IX, or XII Corps does not belong to the Army of the Potomac; in RTG, units not belonging to the Army of the Potomac have red counter values. +1: If, in the Advanced Game of SJW or HCR, the marching unit is out of supply (see SJW and HCR Advanced Rules). +1: If a march by a unit on its normal side increases its Fatigue Level from 3 to 4. +1: If a march by a unit on its exhausted side increases its Fatigue Level from 2 to 3. +3: If a march by a unit on its exhausted side increases its Fatigue Level from 3 to 4. Example: If, in RTG, a Union unit on its exhausted side that does not belong to the Army of the Potomac performs a march, and that march brings the unit to a new Fatigue Level of 3, that march is an extended march. The Union player consults the Extended March Table, adding 3 to his die roll. (+1 because the unit is Union; +1 because the unit does not belong to the Army of the Potomac; +1 because the march increased the exhausted units Fatigue Level from 2 to 3.)
5.2
ACTIvaTE LEaDEr
The activate leader action enables a player to perform one or more consecutive march actions with eligible military units in the same Action Phase. The following actions may not be performed in an Activate Leader action: Assault, Burn RR Station, and (in Advanced Game scenarios) RR or amphibious embarking and movement. Only one district, division, or corps leader at a time may be chosen for activation. A leader is eligible for activation only if one or more units within his command radius belonging to his command are at a Fatigue Level of 3 or less. A leader activation is performed as follows: 1. The player with initiative selects an eligible leader anywhere on the map. 2. The player with initiative must select one or more units belonging to the active leaders command that are situated within the leaders command radius (other than the leader itself ). All of the units selected to participate in an activate leader action must be at a Fatigue Level of 3 or less. Place a Union or Confederate Leader Activation marker on top of each unit selected. The player is not obligated to select every eligible unit within the leaders command radius, although he may do so. He must select at least one. In all games there will be units that do not belong to any leaders command. (Example: Union cavalry units in SIV, OTR, SJW, HCR, SLB and AGA do not belong to a command since there are no Union cavalry leaders in those games). These units may not be selected to join an activate leader action. They may only perform march and entrenchment actions individually. The following are special exceptions to this rule: Exceptions: 1. Artillery units in all games may be selected to join in an Activate Leader action of any non-cavalry leader, even though they do not belong to the active leaders command. 2. In RTG, the following four Confederate cavalry units do not belong to the Cavalry command and may not be chosen to participate in an Activate Leader action with the leader Stuart: Imboden 12 VA A Jenkins 17 VA Note: Any substitute cavalry regiment detaching from Imboden or Jenkins may also not participate in an Activate Leader action with Stuart. In 1864, or in 1863 if playing with the Entrenchment action optional rule, the player must declare whether each unit selected will march or entrench. This designation must occur in Step 2 of this procedure, prior to the calculation of the Movement Allowance. The player is free to have some units march and others entrench during a single Activate Leader action.
FOrCE MarCH
A player may enhance his active units Movement Allowance by declaring a Force March. A force march may only be declared in Step 3 of the March procedure. An active unit may force march only if its Strength marker is currently on its organized side. Artillery units can never force march. To conduct a force march, follow this procedure: 1. Flip the units Strength marker to its disorganized side. 2. If an infantry unit force marches, roll one die and subtract 1 from the roll. If a cavalry unit force marches, roll two dice and subtract 1 from the dice sum. The result is the number of MP added to the active units Movement Allowance as determined in Step 1 of the March procedure. The minimum MP bonus gained by an infantry units force march is 2, even if the modified roll is 0 or 1. The minimum MP bonus gained by a cavalry units force march is 4, even if the modified roll is 1, 2, or 3.
3. If the unmodified roll in Step 2 is 6 (for infantry), the active units Manpower Value is reduced by two; if the unmodified roll in Step 2 is from 2 to 5 (for infantry) or 8 or more (for cavalry), the active units Manpower Value is reduced by one. New Strength markers are placed

(Optional) A unit at Fatigue Level 4 may be selected to march (not entrench) in Step 2 of an Activate Leader action if its Strength marker is organized. If a unit at Fatigue Level 4 marches, its Strength marker is automatically flipped to its disorganized side. (It retains its Fatigue Level 4 marker.) The player does not consult the Extended March Table. If a unit at Fatigue Level 4 marches, it may not also force march. unit must choose the same action (march or entrenchment) that was designated for the unit in Step 2. The chosen units Fatigue Level is immediately increased by one. The unit gains a new Fatigue marker (or has an existing marker flipped over) to reflect the change. If the unit is entrenching, it follows the procedure outlined in Section 5.5. After following the entrenchment procedure, skip Steps 7 and 8 and pick up this procedure at Step 9. If the unit is marching, it uses the active leaders Movement Allowance calculated in Step 3. If this march brings a unit on its normal side to a new Fatigue Level of 3 or 4, or a unit on its exhausted side to a new Fatigue Level of 2, 3, or 4, it is an extended march, and the player consults the Extended March Table. (Before proceeding to Step 7 but after rolling for extended march, enemy cavalry units in the marching units ZOC may perform a cavalry retreat; see 7.7).
SpECIaL RuLE FOr On TO RICHMOnD

In OTR, if the Union player is performing the Activate Leader action, he is limited in the number of units he may select by the number he rolled during the just-completed Initiative Segment of the current Action Phase:
UnIOn DIE ROLL

1 to 4 5 6
REsuLT
Union player may select only 1 eligible unit Union player may select 2 eligible units Union player may select any number of eligible units
Note: If the Confederate player won the initiative roll in the current Action Phase but passed, the Union player may select any number of eligible units in a leader activation regardless of the number he rolled in the Initiative Segment. Also, if the Union player has taken initiative in the current Action Phase without an initiative dice roll (which is possible if the Confederate player has no units eligible for activation), the Union player may select any number of eligible units in a leader activation. 3. The active leaders Movement Allowance is calculated as follows: Union Infantry Leaders: The Union player rolls one die. The result is increased by 1. The modified roll is the leaders Movement Allowance. Exception: In SIV, OTR and AGA, the Union Player rolls one die (but does not increase the roll by 1). The result is the units Movement Allowance, although the units minimum Movement Allowance is 2, even if the roll is 1. Union Cavalry Division Leaders: The Union player rolls two dice. The sum of the dice is increased by 1. The modified roll is the leaders Movement Allowance. Union Cavalry Corps Leaders: The Union player rolls two dice. The sum of the dice is increased by 2. The modified roll is the leaders Movement Allowance. Confederate Infantry Leaders: The Confederate player rolls one die. The result is increased by 2. (Exception: The result is increased by 1 in OTR and AGA). The modified roll is the leaders Movement Allowance. Confederate Cavalry Division Leaders: The Confederate player rolls two dice. The sum of the dice is increased by 2. The modified roll is the leaders Movement Allowance. Confederate Cavalry Corps Leaders : The Confederate player rolls two dice. The sum of the dice is increased by 3. The modified roll is the leaders Movement Allowance. 4. The leaders Movement Allowance determined in Step 3 is used by every unit selected for participation in the leader activation. Place the Leader Movement Allowance marker on the Movement Track in the box corresponding to this number. Do not move the marker from this box for the duration of the leader activation, as it serves to remind the players of the leaders Movement Allowance. 5. The active leader may transfer to any hex occupied by a subordinate unit selected in Step 2. This transfer is voluntary and may only take place before any units march. If a transfer is undertaken, place the leader directly on top of the unit to which it transfers. A leader may not transfer to an artillery unit selected in Step 2 that is not part of the leaders command. If more than one subordinate unit occupies the same hex as the active leader, the owning player must designate at this time which unit the leader will be attached to during this action (see 6.3). 6. The active player chooses a single unit to perform a march or entrenchment action. The chosen unit must have been selected in Step 2 (i.e. it must have a Leader Activation marker, which is now removed). The
7. An eligible unit may enhance its Movement Allowance by making a force march (see Force March rules). The MP gained by a force march are added to the leaders Movement Allowance calculated in Step 3 to determine the units final Movement Allowance. Place the Active Movement Allowance marker on the Movement Track in the box corresponding to this number. If no force march is performed, the Active Movement Allowance marker is placed in the same box as the active leaders Movement Allowance calculated in Step 3. 8. The unit performs its march. As it expends MP, the Active Movement Allowance marker is adjusted downward. The march ends when the marker reaches 0 or the active player states that the march is over. If the marker reaches 0 due to an attack, the march does not end until the attack is resolved. Units activated by cavalry division leaders are limited by the following rule. Only the first cavalry unit to march as part of an Activate Leader action initiated by a cavalry division leader may conduct an attack. The second or any subsequent cavalry unit to march in an Activate Leader action may not attack. Thus, a maximum of one cavalry unit may attack in an Activate Leader action initiated by a cavalry division leader. There is no such limitation in an Activate Leader action initiated by a cavalry corps leader.
9. The active player now repeats Steps 6, 7, and 8 for each unit chosen to participate in the leader activation in Step 2. The player must perform Steps 6, 7, and 8 for each unit selected in Step 2; units may not withdraw from the action (although they are not obligated to move or attack). Each unit must perform Steps 6, 7, and 8 a maximum of once per leader activation. A unit must complete its march or entrenchment before another unit begins its action. The leader activation ends when each unit with a Leader Activation marker has completed Steps 6, 7, and 8. Leader Activation Example: The Union player takes initiative and declares an Activate Leader action with Porter. Four divisions are situated within Porters command radius: Morrell (Fatigue Level 4), Sykes (FL 0), Reynolds (FL 1), and Hooker (part of III Corps). All four divisions are on their normal sides. Morrell is not eligible to participate because he is at FL 4; Hooker may not participate because he is part of III Corps. Thus, only Sykes and Reynolds are eligible to participate and the Union player chooses them both. He places a Leader Activation marker on both units. The Union player rolls a die, obtaining a 4. Since the movement allowance is one die plus one, the Leader Movement Allowance marker is placed in the 5 box of the Movement Track, where it remains for the duration of the action. Porter, who is currently stacked with Morrell, now transfers to Reynolds hex. The Union Player performs a march action with Reynolds, whose Leader Activation marker is removed. Reynolds FL is increased to 2, so an extended march is not in effect. No force march is performed, so the Active Movement Allowance is placed in the 5 box in the Movement Track. Reynolds march ends when the Active Movement Allowance marker reaches 0. Next, the Union Player performs a march action with Sykes. He repeats the procedure that he followed for Reynolds (remove the Leader Activation marker, increase FL, place the Active Movement Allowance marker, and perform the march). The Leader Activation now ends and a new Action Phase begins.
GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR 5.3 AssauLT

Note: A unit may perform more than one Entrenchment Action per turn, assuming it is eligible. Entrenchment Action Procedure: If an entrenchment action is declared, the active player follows one of the following two procedures, depending on the year of the game. (Optional) 1863 Procedure: 1. The active units Fatigue Level is increased by two. (An extended march never occurs as a result of an Entrenchment action.) 2. The player places an Entrenchment marker on the active unit (or adjusts an existing Entrenchment marker) as follows: If the active unit does not currently possess an Entrenchment marker, place a BreastworkBuild marker atop the unit. Note: BreastworkBuild markers are included in SLB and BAC, but not RTG. When playing RTG, players may use BreastworkBuild markers from other games, or they may indicate BreastworkBuild status by turning a normal RTG Breastwork marker sideways. If the active unit already possesses a BreastworkBuild marker, flip the marker to its Complete side (or, if using an RTG Breastwork marker, change it from a sideways to a normal alignment). If the active unit already possesses a completed Breastwork marker, place a FortBuild marker atop the unit. If the active unit already possesses a FortBuild marker, flip the marker to its Complete side. 3. The Entrenchment action ends, and a new Action Phase (or the next action in an Activate Leader action) begins. 1864 Procedure: 1. The active units Fatigue Level is increased by one. (An extended march never occurs as a result of an Entrenchment action). 2. The player places an Entrenchment marker on the active unit (or adjusts an existing Entrenchment marker) as follows: If the active unit does not currently possess an Entrenchment marker, place an Abatis marker atop the unit. Exception: If an active Confederate unit is in a redoubt hex, place a BreastworkBuild marker atop the unit. If the active unit already possesses an Abatis marker, flip the marker to its Breastwork-Build side. If the active unit already possesses a Breastwork-Build marker, place a Breastworks marker atop the unit. If the active unit already possesses a Breastworks marker, flip the marker to its Fort-Build-1 side. If the active unit already possesses a Fort-Build-1 marker, place a Fort-Build-2 marker atop the unit. If the active unit already possesses a Fort-Build-2 marker, flip the marker to its Fort-Complete side. 3. The Entrenchment Action ends, and a new Action Phase (or the next action in an Activate Leader action) begins.
An assault action enables a district, division, or corps leader to attack a single, adjacent, enemy-occupied hex with a group of subordinate units rather than attacking with each individually. Only one leader at a time may be chosen for an assault. A leader is eligible for an assault only if one or more subordinate units in the leaders hex have a Fatigue Level of 3 or less. MP are not used in an assault, and the active player does not roll a die to determine a Movement Allowance. Assaults are explained in detail in the combat section (see 7.1).
5.4 Burn RR STaTIOn WHO MaY Burn RR STaTIOns

Only a single military unit (not a leader) may be chosen to perform a burn RR station action. A unit is eligible for this action if it occupies a RR station hex and is at a Fatigue Level of 3 or less; it may not be chosen if it is at Fatigue Level 4. The units Strength marker may be organized or disorganized, but it must have a Combat Value (not Manpower Value) of 2 or more. Units in SIV and OTR may not burn RR stations.
PrOCEDurE
The player with initiative selects a single eligible unit anywhere on the map. The chosen units Fatigue Level is immediately increased by one. The units gains a new Fatigue marker (or has an existing marker flipped over) to reflect the change. An extended march never occurs as a result of a burn RR station action, even if the unit goes to a new Fatigue Level of 2, 3, or 4. If the units Combat Value is 2, 3, or 4, place a Damage marker in the RR station hex; if the units Combat Value is 5 or more, place a Destroy marker in the hex. The presence of other friendly units in the hex has no effect on the type of marker placed in the RR station hex. The action is now over and a new Action Phase begins. Damage/Destroy markers remain in place for the duration of the game. (Exception: Damage/Destroy markers may be removed in the Advanced Game in some of the volumes in the series). However, an existing Damage marker is flipped over to its Destroy side at the moment a unit with a Combat Value of 5 or more performs a burn RR station action in that hex. An existing Damage marker is unaffected if a unit with a Combat Value of 2, 3, or 4 performs a burn RR station action in that hex. A Destroy marker is unaffected if other units later perform a burn RR station action in that hex. Special Note: The Frederick Junction RR station (RTG S2428 and HCR W4317) may never be destroyed, even if a unit with a Combat Value of 5 or more performs a Burn RR station action there. A Burn RR station action in Frederick Junction always produces a damage resultregardless of the Combat Value of the unit performing the action.
5.5 EnTrEnCHMEnT WHO MaY EnTrEnCH

In any 1864 or later scenario, or in a 1863 scenario if this Entrenchment Action optional rule is used by mutual consent of the players, players may add an Entrenchment action to the menu of actions available to active units. Entrenchment actions may be performed by units marching individually or as part of an Activate Leader action. Entrenching during the Action Cycle is always in addition to normal entrenchment rules. Eligible units may still entrench in Step 1 of the Recovery Phase. Entrenchment Action Restrictions: The unit must meet all the following conditions to be selected for an Entrenchment action: It must be a military unit (not a leader) It must be at a Fatigue Level of 0, 1, or 2 if the year is 1863 (Fatigue Level 0, 1, 2 , or 3 in 1864). Units may not perform entrenchment actions if the year is 1862 or earlier. It must not be demoralized. (It may be exhausted, and its Strength marker may be disorganized.) It must not already possess a completed Fort marker.
6.0 MarCH AnD MOvEMEnT

6.1 RuLEs OF MarCHIng
A marching unit may move and/or attack.
MOvEMEnT
A unit moves from hex to adjacent hex, expending a number of Movement Points (MP) equal to the cost of the major terrain in the hex entered (see the Terrain Chart). A marching unit can expend some, all, or none of its MP (unused MP may not be saved from march to march, nor may they be transferred between units). As a unit expends MPs, the Active Movement Allowance marker is adjusted downward on the Movement Track. The unit may no longer move when the marker reaches 0.
10
GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR ATTaCk

Attacks (except for assaults) are part of the march procedure. A marching unit may attack any single adjacent hex occupied by enemy units. There are four types of attacks, each of which expends a different number of MP. (The MP cost also varies for infantry and cavalry units.) A unit may not attack if it does not possess the requisite MP. The four attacks and their MP costs are: Column of Route: 0 MP (for both infantry and cavalry)* Hasty: 1 MP for infantry; 2 MP for cavalry Normal: 2 MP for infantry; 4 MP for cavalry Prepared: 4 MP for infantry; 8 MP for cavalry ferry. This penalty is in addition to the normal MP cost to enter the hex on the far side of the ferry (typically road movement cost). In HCR, RTG, SIV, and SLB ferries were not official terrain features although they were labeled on the maps. When using the GCACW Standard Rules in those four games, only the following two fords are now considered ferries: Snickers Ferry (HCR W1733) Berrys Ferry (SIV M5608)
Note: All fords labeled as ferries on the Potomac River are NOT considered ferries. They remain fords in the GCACW Standard Rules Creeks: Creek hexsides do not affect movement. Units may cross them at no special MP cost. Water: Units may not enter water hexes. Enemy-Occupied Hexes: A unit may not enter a hex occupied by enemy units (but see 7.6). Enter Enemy Zone of Control: A unit must stop its movement at the moment it enters an enemy normal ZOC hex from a hex that is not in an enemy normal ZOC. The unit must then either attack or end its march. If the unit attacks successfully (i.e., it does not receive a D, F, f, or E combat result), it is allowed to continue its march by moving and/or attacking. (However, if after a successful attack it still occupies an enemy normal ZOC, it again must either attack or end the march.) A unit must stop upon entering an enemy normal ZOC even if that ZOC is occupied by a friendly unit. If a unit enters an enemy cavalry units normal ZOC and the enemy unit performs a cavalry retreat, the unit may continue its march. A unit may not refuse flanks (7.8) when entering an enemy normal ZOC; however, it may refuse flanks if it marches in place in an enemy normal ZOC. In scenarios allowing Detachment (Advanced Game scenarios and Basic Game scenarios that specifically allow Detachment), a unit may detach a substitute when entering an enemy normal ZOC. Exit Enemy Zone of Control: An active unit may not exit an enemy normal ZOC hex unless it starts its march in an enemy normal ZOC hex and its first activity is to exit that ZOC: ZOC to non-ZOC: If it moves from an enemy normal ZOC hex directly to a hex that is not in an enemy normal ZOC, it pays normal MP costs plus 1 MP to enter that hex. Assuming the unit has MP remaining, it may continue its march. ZOC to ZOC: If it moves directly from one enemy normal ZOC hex to another, it ignores the hexs MP cost and instead pays a cost equal to the units entire Movement Allowance. This penalty applies even if the enemy normal ZOC hex entered is occupied by a friendly unit and even if the two enemy ZOC emanate from different enemy units not in the same hex. Since the unit then has 0 MP left, its march is over and it may not attack. (Even though a hexs normal MP cost is ignored, a unit may still not enter or exit a mountain or swamp hexexcept by road, pike, RR or trailor cross a major/minor river hexside, except by ford, bridge, dam, or ferry.) If a unit moves directly from one enemy normal ZOC hex to another and the two hexes are not connected by a road, pike, RR or trail, the units Strength marker is flipped to its disorganized side. (If it is already disorganized, reduce the Strength markers Manpower value by 1.) Disorganization or loss is not applied if the unit moves from one enemy normal ZOC hex to another and the two hexes are connected by a road, pike, RR or trail. A unit may neither attack nor refuse flanks (7.8) when moving directly from one enemy normal ZOC to another enemy normal ZOC.
* A column of route attack may not be declared if a units Movement Allowance is 0; it may only be used if the unit has a Movement Allowance of 1 or more at the moment of declaration. Note: The defenders terrain does not affect an attacks MP cost. The four types of attacks listed above are used only for units attacking in a marchthey are not used in an assault.
6.2
RuLEs OF MOvEMEnT
Roads, Pikes, Railroads: If a unit enters a hex through a hexside crossed by a road, pike, or railroad (RR), it ignores the cost of the hexs major terrain and instead pays 1 MP. Unfinished railroads are treated as roads (not railroads) for all game purposes. Trails: If a unit enters a mountain hex through a hexside crossed by a trail, it expends 2 MP. If a unit enters a non-mountain hex through a hexside crossed by a trail, it expends 1 MP. Mountains: A unit may never enter or exit a mountain hex unless this move is performed across a hexside crossed by a road, pike, trail, or railroad. Ridge: If a unit enters a hex across a ridge hexside, it must expend an additional 1 MP above the normal cost for entering the hex . This applies even if the hexside is crossed by a road, pike, trail, or RR. and regardless of the direction of movement (i.e. there is a penalty both when moving up and when moving down the ridge). Swamps: A unit may never enter or exit a swamp hex unless this move is performed across a hexside crossed by a road, pike, or RR. Provisional swamp hexes function in all respects as rough hexes except in rain turns, when they convert to normal swamp hexes (see 12.0). Rivers: A unit may not cross a major or minor river hexside except at a bridge, dam, ferry, or ford. A unit crossing a bridge, dam, or ford pays no MP penalty. (The MP cost of the major terrain in the hex entered is negated if the bridge, dam, or ford is crossed by a road, pike, or RRand the road, pike, or RR MP cost is used instead.) Dams: Dams are considered indestructible bridges in all GCACW games. A unit may cross a dam over a major or minor river with no movement point penalty, even in a rain turn, just as if it were a bridge. Unlike bridges, dams may not be destroyed. In HCR, RTG, SIV, and SLB, dams were not official terrain features although they were labeled on the maps. When using the GCACW Standard Rules in those four games, any ford over major or minor rivers labeled on the map as a dam is now considered a dam instead of a ford. There are only four such dams: Striders Dam (HCR W1319; SIV N4322) Occoquan Dam (SLB S5304) Scotts Dam Ford (SLB S3526) Dam (RTG N4129)
Ferries: A unit may cross a ferry over a minor river in nonrain turns with no MP penalty, just as if it were a ford. However, at a major river ferry on any turn (regardless of weather), or at a minor river ferry in a rain turn, the unit must pay a MP penalty (simulating the use of boats to cross). The units Manpower value is divided by 3 (drop fractions). The result is the MP penalty to cross the
Restricted ZOC: Restricted ZOC hexesthose into which a ZOC is exerted across a woods hexside not containing a road, pike, RR or trail (see 2.4)do not affect movement in any way. Enter Friendly-Occupied Hex: An active infantry or artillery unit must pay a penalty of 1 or more additional MP to enter a hex occupied by one or more friendly infantry and/or artillery units with a combined Combat value of 3 or more. The penalty is based on the terrain and the combined Combat value in the hex entered:
11
GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR TErraIn CLEar, ROLLIng, ROugH, CITY
No Effect +1 MP +2 MP Exception: If the active leader is a cavalry leader, an army/district leader may not transfer in Step 5 of the Activate Leader procedure. If an army/district leader is stacked in the same hex as more than one infantry unit and one of those units leaves the hex (including an advance after combat), the army/district leader may accompany and attach to the departing infantry unit or it may stay in the hex attached to one of the remaining infantry units. An army/district leader is not obligated to be attached to an infantry unit to which a non-army leader is also attached. The army/district leader may be attached to an infantry unit by itself.
COMBInED COMBaT VaLuE

2 or less 3 to 11 12 or more
SwaMp, WOODs, MOunTaIn

No Effect +3 MP +4 MP
A cavalry unit never pays these MP penalties and does not trigger them if a friendly infantry/artillery unit marches into its hex. Note: The combined Combat value may fall exactly between two rows of the chart above (e.g., 11.5). If so, round the value up. Cavalry Retreat: When an active infantry unit moves into the normal ZOC of an enemy cavalry unitbefore the active player declares an attackthe cavalry unit may make a cavalry retreat (see 7.7). Minimum 1 Hex Movement: As long as a unit does not attack during its march, it may always move at least one hexeven if its Movement Allowance is not sufficient for it to enter an adjacent hex. Exception: A unit may still not enter or exit a mountain or swamp hex (except by road, pike, RR or trail), or cross a major or minor river hexside (except at a bridge, dam, ford, or ferry). If an enemy cavalry retreat reduces an active units Movement Allowance to 0 before it has moved in its march, it may still move one hex. If a unit begins a march adjacent to a ferry hexside and does not have enough MP to cross due to the ferry MP penalty, it may cross that ferry hexside anyway using all of its available MP.
6.4
STaCkIng
An unlimited number of friendly units and leaders may occupy the same hex at a given time.
FOrCE MarkErs
Since stacks of counters are unwieldy, players should use substitute counters called Force markers when they have more than two units per hex. Each player has his own set of Force markers and a corresponding Force Display. Each Force marker is identified by number and has a corresponding box on the display. A player may remove an unwieldy stack of counters from the map at any time and place the units, leaders, and markers comprising this stack in an empty box of the display. (Place units and markers in separate piles so they may be viewed at a glance.) Then the Force marker corresponding to this box is placed on the map in the hex formerly occupied by the stack. All units and leaders comprising a force are considered to occupy the hex in which the Force marker is situated, and they exert ZOC normally. Subject to normal marching rules, units and leaders may leave the force and be placed back on the map at any time the owning player wishes. Units may freely join a force if they end a march in the same hex as the marker. Force markers have no effect on play. Players are not obligated to use them.
6.3 LEaDEr MOvEMEnT

A leader may never occupy a hex by itself; it must always be stacked with a subordinate unit. A leader is considered attached to a unit with which it is stacked and must move with that unit wherever it goes during a march including retreat and advance after combat. More than one leader may be attached to the same unit if they represent different levels within an organization (e.g. a division and corps leader or a corps and army leader). If a leader is stacked in the same hex as more than one subordinate unit and one of those units leaves the hex, the leader may accompany the departing unit or it may stay in the hex attached to one of the remaining units. A leader may not move or activate by itself, although it may transfer.
6.5 FaTIguE LEvELs

A units Fatigue Level is increased when it performs an action. It may also be increased due to combat. A unit at Fatigue Level 4 may not perform an action, although it may defend and retreat due to combat. Players may wish to turn units sideways when they reach Fatigue Level 4 so that they can see at a glance which units are no longer eligible for activation. (Exception: If playing with the optional rule in Sections 5.1 and 5.2, units at Fatigue Level 4 may activate if their strength marker is organized).
LEaDEr TransFEr
A leader may transfer from unit-to-unit in two ways: Leader Transfer Phase: During the Leader Transfer Phase, the owning player may transfer some, none, or all of his leaders from one subordinate unit to another. To perform a transfer, the owning player must trace a path of contiguous hexes no more than 10 hexes in length from the leaders hex (exclusive) to the hex occupied by the unit to which the leader wishes to transfer (inclusive). This path may not enter enemy-occupied hexes, but it may enter enemy ZOC. It may transit any terrain type, including swamps, mountains, and rivers. The Union player must perform all desired transfers in the Leader Transfer Phase before the Confederate player executes any leader transfers. Activate Leader Action: Leaders may transfer during an activate leader action (see 5.2). Such a transfer may only be performed once per action, and only before units march. Army and District Leaders: Army and district leaders are subject to the following restrictions: They may transfer in the Leader Transfer Phase, but they may not attach to a cavalry/artillery unit or cavalry leader. If a District Leader is the Active Leader then he can leader transfer per section 5.2 step 5. If they are situated in the same hex as an active leader performing an Activate Leader action, they may transfer with the active leader in Step 5 of the Activate Leader procedure, although they are not obligated to do so. If an army/district leader transfers, it must transfer and attach to the same unit as the active leader.
7.0 COMBaT
7.1 ATTaCks
Only a unit performing a march or units participating in an assault action may attack.
TargETs OF ATTaCks
An attacking unit (or group of units in an assault) may attack any single, adjacent hex occupied by one or more enemy units. If the attacking unit is adjacent to more than one enemy-occupied hex, it may attack only one hex of the active players choice.
ParTICIpaTIOn In ATTaCks
Attacks are never mandatory. In a march, only the active unit may attack. All other friendly units, even those stacked in the same hex as the active unit, never participate in the attack. A unit may attack more than once per march as long as it has the requisite MP and does not suffer a prohibitive result on the Combat Results Table. In an assault action, only subordinate units stacked in the same hex as the active leader may participate in the attack. (Exception: see grand assault.) A maximum of one attack may take place per assault action.
12
GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR ParTICIpaTIOn In DEFEnsE

All units in a hex being attacked must participate in that combat. The attacker may not single out a unit in the hex as a target, and the defender may not withhold units in the hex from combat.
2. Increase Fatigue: Each unit selected to participate in the assault in Step 1 has its Fatigue Level increased by one. Note: An extended march never occurs as a result of an assault action, even if the unit goes to a new Fatigue Level of 2, 3 or 4. 3. Select Target: The active player states the target of the attack, which must be a single, adjacent, enemy-occupied hex. 4. Cavalry Retreat: The enemy player may conduct a cavalry retreat with eligible units (see 7.7). 5. Roll for Command: The active player rolls a die. This roll may be modified. If he rolls a 6 (before modification), the assault automatically ends. Begin a new Action Phasedo not proceed to Step 6. If the roll is 5 or less, apply any appropriate modifier to this roll (see below), and subtract the modified number from the active leaders Command value. The result is the Assault Number. If the Assault Number is less than 0, the assault ends. Begin a new Action Phasedo not proceed to Step 6. However, if the Assault Number is 0 or greater, the assault takes placecontinue the assault procedure. The Assault Number is the maximum number of attacking units that may participate in the assault. (If the Assault Number is 0, one unit must participate.) If the Assault Number is equal to or greater than the number of units selected in Step 1, all the units selected in Step 1 (and no more) must participate in the assault. If the Assault Number is less than the number of units selected in Step 1, the active player must choose (from among the units selected in Step 1) a number of units to employ which equals the assault number. (The assault must proceed, even if the number of units actually employed is less than the number selected in Step 1.) Regardless of whether or not an assault takes place, all units selected to participate in Step 1, even if they ultimately are dropped from the assault, gain one Fatigue Level in Step 2. 6. Attempt Grand Assault: The active player may attempt a grand assault (see below). A successful grand assault allows additional units to participate in the attack. Even if a grand assault attempt fails, the assault must proceed to Step 7. The active player cannot back out of the action. 7. Determine Combat Values: The players determine their Combat values and calculate the ratio modifier to the attackers die roll in Step 9. 8. Determine Die Roll Modifiers: The players determine the tactical and artillery modifiers and any other modifiers applying to the combat (including the automatic +1 assault modifier; see 7.4). 9. Roll Dice: The attacker and defender each roll a die, modifying their rolls as required. The defenders modified roll is subtracted from the attackers modified roll. The players consult the Combat Chart and apply the results (see 7.5). The action is over and a new Action Phase begins. Example: Corps leader Banks (II Corps, Command value, 5) is performing an assault. He is stacked with two II Corps subordinate divisions (Greene and Williams). Both divisions are selected to participate in the assault in Step 1. The Union player rolls a die, obtaining a 5. Subtracting 5 from Banks Command value (5) yields 0, indicating that the assault takes placebut with only one unit. The Union player retains Greene and drops Williams from the assault. But both divisions have their Fatigue Levels increased by one. Assault Die Roll Modifier: The following modifier applies to the active players assault die roll in Step 5 of the assault procedure of any game with district leaders: -2: If the active leader is a district (not a corps or division) leader, subtract 2 from the assault die roll.
ATTaCk REsTrICTIOns
Rivers: An attack may not take place across a major or minor river hexside unless a bridge, dam, ferry, or ford connects the attackers and defenders hexes. Mountains and Swamps: An attack may not take place against a unit in a mountain or swamp hex unless the attackers and defenders hexes are connected by a road, pike, RR or trail. A unit in a mountain or swamp hex may not attack an enemy unit unless the two hexes are connected by a road, pike, RR or trail. Artillery: Artillery units performing march actions may not attack. Woods Hexsides: A unit may only attack across a woods hexside (see 2.3) if it meets either of the following conditions: It starts the action in the hex from which the attack is made. There is a road, pike, RR or trail connecting the attackers and defenders hexes. In this case it is permissible for the active unit to have marched one or more hexes before initiating the attack across the woods hexside.
ATTaCk PrOCEDurE (MarCHIng UnIT OnLY)

A unit performing a march may attack as follows: 1. Select Target: The active player states the attacks target. 2. Select Attack Type: The active player states his type of attack: column of route, hasty, normal, or prepared (see 6.1). Adjust the Active Movement Allowance marker downward on the Movement Track by the attacks MP cost. 3. Determine Combat Values: The players determine their Combat values and calculate the ratio modifier to the attackers die roll in Step 5. 4. Determine Die Roll Modifiers: The players determine the tactical and artillery modifiers and any other modifiers applying to the combat (see 7.4). 5. Roll Dice: The attacker and defender each roll a die, modifying their rolls as required. The defenders modified roll is subtracted from the attackers modified roll. The players consult the Combat Chart and apply the results (see 7.5). 6. Continue Action: If the marching unit has remaining MP and the combat result does not require it to end the action, it may continue to perform its march. If the unit has no more MP or the result calls for the march to end, the action is over and a new Action Phase begins.
ATTaCk PrOCEDurE (AssauLT ACTIOn OnLY)

A corps, division or district leader may be selected for an assault only if one or more subordinate units at Fatigue Level 3 or less are stacked with that leader. A Movement Allowance is not calculated in an assault and MP are not used thus, the active player does not specify a type of attack (column of route, hasty, normal, prepared). An assault is performed as follows: 1. Select Participants: The active player selects an eligible leader. Next he chooses one or more units in the active leaders hex belonging to the same command as that leader. Each unit selected to participate in the action must be at Fatigue Level 3 or less. Exception: A player may select one or more artillery units occupying the same hex as the active leader to participate in an assault even though the artillery units do not belong to the leaders command.
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Note: Advanced Game assault die roll modifiers, such as SLBs Hooker Loses Confidence (SLB, 16.0) and OTRs Union Passive Command Posture (OTR, 18.0) are in effect in all applicable scenarios. and another in N3628, both at Fatigue Level 2. Thus the Confederate player may attempt a grand assault. He rolls a die, obtaining a 3. Thus, the Grand Assault Number is 2 (Lees Command value [5] minus die roll [3] is 2). The grand assault must take place. The Confederate player selects two eligible hexes, N3527 and N3628. The non-active unit in each hex must be chosen to join the grand assault, and each units Fatigue Level is increased to 3. Both units contribute their Combat and Artillery values to Jacksons assault.
GranD AssauLT
A player may attempt a grand assault in Step 6 of the assault procedure only if all of the following conditions are in effect: Army or District Leader: A friendly army or district leader is situated within the command radius of the active leaders hex. Eligible Hexes: One or more of the six hexes adjacent to the defender is eligible to join a grand assault. A hex is eligible to join a grand assault if both of the following conditions are met: It is adjacent to the defender (including the hex in which the assault action was initiated). It must be occupied by one or more of the attackers units which were not selected to participate in the active leaders assault, and at least one of those units is at Fatigue Level 3 or less. Non-Cavalry Leader: The active leader initiating the current assault must not be a cavalry leader.
7.2 COMBaT VaLuEs

Every military unit has a Combat value shown on its accompanying Strength marker. A units Combat value varies depending on whether its Strength marker is organized or disorganized. If a units Strength marker is organized, its Combat value is simply the number shown on the marker. If a units Strength marker is disorganized, its Combat value is the smaller number in value. A unit with a disorganized Strength marker may have a Combat value of 1/2. If so, this fraction is retained in combatit is not rounded up or down.) A units Fatigue Level has no effect on its Combat value. In combat, the attacker and defender combine the Combat values of all their participating units. Players cannot withhold any part of their units Combat values. To determine the Combat value of an attacking unit in a march action, simply use that units Combat value alone (no other units may join the attack). To determine the final Combat value in an assault, combine the Combat values of all units participating in that assault, and add in the Combat values of those units joining in a grand assault (if any). To determine the final Combat value of defending units, combine the Combat values of all units in the defending hex. Maximum Values: The maximum combined Combat Value of attacking and defending units is limited as shown in the table below (note that there are different limits in OTR). In a grand assault, the limit shown below applies to each hex containing attacking units, so the overall total from all hexes may exceed the number listed in the Attacking row below.
A maximum of one grand assault may be attempted per action, although an unlimited number may be attempted per turn. A grand assault is attempted as follows: 1. Roll for Command: The active player rolls a die. In the Basic Game of all GCACW games, this roll is never modified. In some Advanced Games, however, it may be modified (see below). If the modified roll is 6 or more, the grand assault does not take place. The grand assault endsreturn to Step 7 of the assault procedure. If the modified roll is 5 or less, subtract the number rolled from the army (or district) leaders Command value. The result is the Grand Assault Number. If the Grand Assault Number is 0 or less, the grand assault does not take place. Return to Step 7 of the assault procedure. If, however, the Grand Assault Number is 1 or more, the grand assault must take place. Proceed to Step 2. Note: Advanced Game grand assault die roll modifiers, such as SLBs Hooker Loses Confidence (SLB, 16.0), and OTRs Union Passive Command Posture (OTR, 18.0) are in effect in all applicable scenarios. 2. Select Eligible Hexes: From among the six hexes adjacent to the defender, the attacker must select a number of eligible hexes (not units) equal to or less than the Grand Assault Number which he wishes to use in the grand assault. He must select at least one hex. An eligible hex is defined above. 3. Select Participants: In each hex selected in Step 2, the active player must select one or more eligible friendly units to join the grand assault. A unit is eligible to join a grand assault if it meets all the following conditions: It has a Fatigue Level of 3 or less. It must be eligible to participate in an attack as described in the Attack Restrictions rules. It must not have already been selected (successfully or unsuccessfully) in Step 1 of the assault procedure. A units command affiliation is irrelevant in this step. Any eligible unit, regardless of its command (including all cavalry and artillery units) may join in a grand assault. Note: The attacker may not back out of a grand assault once the grand assault procedure goes beyond Step 1. Each hex chosen by the attacker in Step 2 must contribute at least one eligible unit to the grand assault. 4. Increase Fatigue: Each unit selected in Step 3 of the grand assault procedure has its Fatigue Level increased by one. An extended march never occurs as a result of a grand assault, even if a unit goes to a Fatigue Level of 2, 3, or 4. 5. Return to Assault Procedure: Return to Step 7 of the assault procedure. Each unit selected in Step 3 of the grand assault contributes its Combat and Artillery values to the attackers totals in Steps 7 and 8 of the assault. Example: Jackson, in hex N3528, successfully initiates an assault on hex N3627. Army leader Lee (Command value 5) is in hex N3227, within Jacksons command radius. A non-active Confederate unit is in hex N3527
SITuaTIOn
Attacking Defending At least one-half defending units entrenched All defending units entrenched
OTR
70 60 100 130
OTHEr GaMEs
80 70 120 160
If in a grand assault, the total Combat value of attacking units is 80 or more, the attackers Manpower value loss in that combat is increased as follows: If the attackers Combat value is 80 to 89, his Manpower value loss number is increased by 1. If the attackers Combat value is 90 to 99, his Manpower value loss number is increased by 2. If the attackers Combat value is 100 or more, his Manpower value loss number is increased by 3.
7.3
ArTILLErY VaLuEs
A units Artillery value is shown directly on the unit itself. A units Fatigue Level or Strength marker (organized or disorganized) has no effect on its Artillery value. Artillery values are used to determine the artillery modifier in combat (see 7.4).
7.4 COMBaT DIE ROLL MODIFIErs

Several factors modify combat die rolls. Modifiers are cumulative.
RaTIO MODIFIEr
The attackers die roll must be modified by the ratio modifier. To calculate this modifier, compare the attackers Combat value sum to the defenders Combat value sum and round this ratio down in favor of the defender to conform to one of the simplified ratios listed on the Ratio Chart. A modifier from 12 to +13 is listed next to each ratio. This is the ratio modifier.
14
GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR TaCTICaL MODIFIEr

The attackers die roll is modified by the tactical modifier. To calculate this modifier, the defender determines the highest Tactical value among the units and leaders in the defending hex. Meanwhile, the attacker makes the same determination among his units and leaders participating in the attack. A leader may contribute its Tactical value to an attack only if it is stacked in the same hex as a subordinate attacking unit. The defenders Tactical value is subtracted from the attackers Tactical value. The result is the tactical modifier, which is added to (or, if a negative number, subtracted from) the attackers die roll. Some units have a split tactical, which consists of a number before and after a slash in the tactical position on the counter. The number before the slash is the tactical modifier to use when the unit attacks; the number after the slash is the tactical modifier to use when the unit defends. In a March or Activate Leader action, a leader may contribute its Tactical value to any attack made by a subordinate active unit in the leaders hex, even if the attack is not being made by the unit to which the leader is attached. However in an assault action, the tactical value of the leader initiating the assault is always used, never the tactical value of a military unit or other leader. Bridge/Dam/Ferry/Ford: If an attack takes place across a bridge, dam, ferry, or ford hexside, the defender adds 2 to his roll. Creek: If an attack takes place across a creek (even across a road, pike, RR, or trail hexside), the defender adds 1 to his roll. Note: If, in a grand assault, more than one hex adjacent to the defenders hex has attacking units, the above modifiers apply only if the defenders hex is separated from the active leader by a bridge, dam, ferry, or fordor a creek hexside. Hill: If the defender occupies a hill hex, he adds 1 to his roll. However, if the active attacking unit occupies a hill or mountain hex, or if the active attacking unit is attacking down a ridge hexside, the defenders roll is not modified. Mountain: If the defender occupies a mountain hex, he adds 2 to his roll. However, if the active attacking unit also occupies a mountain hex, or if the active attacking unit is attacking down a ridge hexside, the defender adds only 1 to his roll. Ridge: If an attack takes place across a ridge hexside, and the active attacking unit is attacking up a ridge hexside, the defender adds 2 to his roll. If the active attacking unit is attacking down a ridge hexside the defender adds 1 to his roll if the defender is in a mountain hex and 0 to his roll if the defender is in any other type of hex. Note: A unit is attacking up a ridge hexside if the ridge between his hex and the defenders hex is within the defenders hex. If it is within the attackers hex, the unit is attacking down. Ridge Combat Example: Brannans Union division occupies Carson (S3305), and Cheathams Confederate division occupies Moor Gap (S3404). If Cheatham attacks Brannan, Brannan adds 2 to his roll (Cheatham is attacking up a ridge hexside). If Brannan attacks Cheatham, Cheatham adds 1 to his roll (Brannan is attacking down a ridge hexside into a mountain hex).
ArTILLErY MODIFIEr
The attackers die roll may be modified by the artillery modifier. (Note: If the defender occupies a woods, city, mountain, or swamp hex, it is not necessary to determine an artillery value differential because no artillery modifier can possibly apply in that circumstance.) The attacker adds the Artillery values of all attacking units and subtracts the combined Artillery values of all defending units from this sum. The result is the Artillery Value Differential. On the Artillery Modifier Summary, cross-index the appropriate Differential column with the line corresponding to the terrain in the defenders hex. The result (a positive or negative number, or no effect) is the artillery modifier that is applied to the attackers die roll. Some results call for the attacker to roll the die to determine the final artillery modifier. Special Cases: If neither the attacker nor defender have Artillery values, no artillery modifier applies. If the defenders Artillery value is 0, a negative artillery modifier is converted to no effect. If the defenders Artillery value is 1, a modifier of 2 is converted to 1.
LEE (NOT In RTG)

If a Confederate district, corps, or division leader successfully undertakes an assault action and the army leader Lee is currently stacked in the same hex as the active leader, the Confederate player adds 1 to his attack die roll. This bonus is in addition to the +1 modifier due to assault, and is applied regardless of whether or not a grand assault takes place. The Lee bonus may never be applied to defending units. The Lee bonus can not be applied in any RTG scenario. Other army leaders cannot provide such a bonus.
ArTILLErY MODIFIEr SuMMarY

(ATTaCkErs ArTILLErY VaLuE MInus DEFEnDErs ArTILLErY VaLuE) Defenders Terrain 4 or Less 3 to +1 +2 to +4 +5 to +7 +8 or more
ArTILLErY VaLuE DIFFErEnTIaL...
LOngsTrEET
In any scenario occurring in 1864 or later, the Confederate player adds 1 to his attack roll if the corps leader Longstreet successfully undertakes an assault action. This bonus is in addition to the +1 modifier due to assault, and is applied regardless of whether or not a grand assault takes place. The Longstreet bonus can never be combined with the Lee bonus.
Clear Rolling Rough/Hill Woods/City/Mtn Swamp *
-3 -2 -1 NE NE
-2 -1 -1* NE NE
NE NE NE NE NE
+1 +1* NE NE NE
+2 +1 +1* NE NE
JaCksOn
Stonewall Jackson is always treated as a leader with a 4 tactical for offense and defense, despite the 5/4 printed on his counter in some games. However, in the games SJW, HCR, and SLB (only) the Confederate player adds 1 to his attack roll if the corps leader Jackson successfully undertakes an assault action. This bonus is in addition to the +1 modifier due to assault, and is applied regardless of whether or not a grand assault takes place. The Jackson bonus can never be combined with the Lee bonus.
Just prior to combat, roll a die. If roll is even, indicated modifier is used; if roll is odd, no modifier is used. Just prior to combat, roll a die. If roll is even, +2 modifier is used; if roll is odd, +1 modifier is used instead. Also applies to provisional swamp hexes in non-rain turns. Also applies to provisional swamp hexes in rain turns. NE: No effect
TYpEs OF ATTaCks
In a march, the type of attack chosen by the active player may modify the attackers die roll: Column of Route: 3 to attackers roll Hasty: 1 to attackers roll
TErraIn
The defenders die roll may be modified by terrain:
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Normal: No modifier to attackers roll Prepared: +1 to attackers roll b. It is in the ZOC of the attacking unit itself or any undemoralized unit friendly to the attacker (including restricted ZOC; see 2.4). c. It is a mountain or swamp hex (including provisional swamps in a rain turn) or the defenders hex is a mountain or swamp hex. The two hexes are not connected to each other by a road, pike, RR or trail. d. It is separated from the defenders hex by a major or minor river hexside not containing a bridge, dam, ferry, or ford. (Exceptions: In a turn when a river is unfordable, a hex is covered if it is separated from the defender by a ford hexside over such a river. In a rain turn, a hex is covered if it is separated from the defender by a creek hexside untraversed by a road, pike, trail or RR.) e. It is a hypothetical hex just off the map that would be adjacent to a map edge hex occupied by the defender.
AssauLT ACTIOn
In an assault action, modifiers for column of route, hasty, normal, and prepared attacks never apply. Instead, an assault action always provides a +1 modifier to the attackers die roll.
RaIn
The attacker subtracts 1 from all his die rolls in rain turns (see 12.0).
DEMOraLIZaTIOn2
If a unit with a Demoralize-2 marker is alone in a hex and is attacked by an enemy unit, the defending player subtracts 1 from his combat die roll. If the demoralized-2 unit is in a stack of friendly units that is attacked, the 1 die roll modifier only applies if more than one-half of the total Combat value in the hex is contributed by units with Demoralize-2 markers.
Note: Each of the six hexes adjacent to the defender may be counted only once in this step even if it fulfills more than one definition of covered. 2. Basic Flank Bonus: Six Covered Hexes: If all six hexes adjacent to the defender are covered, the basic flank bonus is +4. Proceed to Step 3. Five Covered Hexes: If five of the six hexes adjacent to the defender are covered, the basic flank bonus is +2. Proceed to Step 3. Four Covered Hexes: If four or less of the six hexes are covered, there is no flank bonus. Skip the rest of this procedure. 3. Final Flank Bonus: The basic flank bonus from Step 2 may be reduced to determine the final flank bonus. The basic flank bonus is reduced by one for each covered hex meeting at least one of the following conditions: a. It is occupied by an undemoralized unit friendly to the defender. b. It is unoccupied and is separated from all adjacent units friendly
FLank ATTaCks
If, at the moment of combat, defending units are partially or completely surrounded by active and inactive enemy units or their ZOC (or impassable terrain), the attackers die roll is enhanced. This bonus, called a flank attack, applies even if some of the enemy units surrounding a defender do not participate in the attack. The flank attack bonus is computed as follows: 1. Covered Hexes: The active player determines the number of covered hexes among the six hexes adjacent to the defender. A covered hex is one meeting any of the following conditions: a. It is occupied by an undemoralized unit friendly to the attacker (including the attacking unit itself ).
COMBaT EXaMpLE
Kearnys Union division (Combat/Manpower value, 12; Artillery value, 4; Tactical value, 2) is in hex SJW N4716 (Ox Hill), a rough hex, stacked with its III Corps leader, Heintzelman (Tactical value, 3). Andersons Confederate division (Combat/Manpower value, 14; Artillery value, 4; Tactical value, 3) is performing a march action, attached to its division leader, Longstreet (Tactical value, 4). Evans Confederate brigade (Combat/Manpower value, 3; Artillery value, 1) is currently situated in SJW N4816 (southeast of Kearny). All units Strength markers are organized; all units are at Fatigue Level 1. Anderson moves into SJW N4616 (southwest of Kearny) and the Confederate player declares a hasty attack against Kearny, expending 1 MP. The Confederate player compares Andersons Combat value (14) to Kearnys Combat value (12) to obtain a combat ratio of 14-12. The Confederate player would need 10 more Combat value points for 2-1 odds: 1412 is rounded down to a 1-1 ratio. Evans is not involved in the march, so he may not contribute to the attack. (He will shortly help to provide a flank attack bonus since his own Combat value of 3 is just equal to one-fourth of Kearnys Combat value). There is no ratio modifier for a 11 attack. The Confederate player compares Andersons Artillery value (4) to Kearnys Artillery value (4). Since the artillery values are equal, the Artillery Value Differential is 0. Consulting the Artillery Modifier Summary on the 3 to +1 column and cross-referencing it with the Rough terrain line corresponding to Kearnys hex, there is a 1* artillery modifier applicable to the Confederate players die roll. The * means that a die must be rolled to determine whether the modifier is used. The Confederate player rolls a die and obtains a 3, so the modifier is not used. To determine the tactical modifier, the Union players highest Tactical value (Heintzelmans 3) is subtracted from the Confederate players highest Tactical value (Longstreets 4). The result is 1, so there is a +1 modifier to the Confederate players die roll. The Confederate player must subtract 1 from his roll due to the hasty attack. For flank attack purposes, the presence of Evans brigade in SJW S4816 means
that five hexes adjacent to Kearny are covered because they are either enemyoccupied or enemy ZOC hexes. Five covered hexes yields a basic flank attack bonus of +2. This is also the final flank bonus since there are no conditions present reducing the basic flank bonus. The final modifier to the Confederate roll is therefore +2: 0 (ratio) +1 (tactical) 1 (hasty attack) + 2 (flank) = +2 (final). The Union roll is not modified. Both players roll a die: the Confederate player obtains a 4 (modified by +2 to 6), and the Union player obtains a 2. The Union roll is subtracted from the Confederate roll, yielding a result of +4 (6 2 = +4). The Union player crossreferences the +4 line with the 12-18 Combat Value column on the Combat Chart (Kearnys Combat value is 12). The result is 2DR. Kearnys Strength marker is removed and is replaced with a new one showing a Manpower value of 10 (12 2 = 10). The new marker is placed on its disorganized side due to the D. Kearnys Fatigue 1 marker is increased by 3 to Fatigue Level 4. Kearny, accompanied by Heintzelman, routs four hexes to SJW N4913 (Hunters Mill Station), using Retreat Chart 1 for all four hexes entered in the retreat. In all cases, a retreat path hex existed with a Priority Number of 1, so the Union player had to retreat into such hexes. The Union player could have retreated two additional hexes past N4913 (using Retreat Chart 2) but declined to do so. There is no additional manpower loss due to the retreat. Finally, a Demoralize-1 marker is placed on Kearny due to the R result. The Confederate player cross-references the +4 line with the 12-18 Attack Value column on the Combat Chart. (Andersons Combat value was 14.) The result is 1fa. Anderson suffers a Manpower loss of one, reducing it to 13. His new Strength marker remains organized because he did not suffer a D result, and his Fatigue Level is increased by 1 to Fatigue Level 2 due to the f result. Andersons march must now end due to the f result, but the a allows him to advance into the hex vacated by Kearny. He does so, accompanied by Longstreet, ending the action. Evans may not advance because he did not participate in the attack. A new Action Phase now begins
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to the attacker (including the attacking unit itself ) by woods hexsides (see 2.3) untraversed by a road, pike, trail, or RR. Exception: In SLB only, if the Confederate player is attacking, he ignores Step 3b of the flank bonus procedure. The basic flank bonus is not reduced by one for each unoccupied covered hex separated from adjacent Confederate units by woods hexsides untraversed by a road, pike, or RR. Step 3b does apply to the Union player in SLB. c. It is a mountain or swamp hex (including provisional swamps in a rain turn) or the defenders hex is a mountain or swamp hex. The two hexes are not connected to each other by a road, pike, trail, or RR. d. It is separated from the defenders hex by a major or minor river hexside not containing a bridge, dam, ferry, or ford. (This case also includes: 1) a turn when a river is unfordable, if a hex is separated from the defender by a ford hexside over such a river, and 2) a rain turn, if a hex is separated from the defender by a creek hexside untraversed by a road, pike, trail or RR.) e. It is a hypothetical hex just off the map that would be adjacent to a map edge hex occupied by the defender. Note: Each of the six hexes adjacent to the defender may be counted only once in this step even if it fulfills more than one of the above conditions. Maximum Reduction: The maximum reduction that may be applied to the basic flank bonus in this step is 3, even if a greater reduction would normally apply. Also, the final flank bonus may never be less than 0. Thus, if all six hexes adjacent to a defender are covered (yielding a basic flank bonus of +4 in Step 2), there will always be a final flank bonus of at least +1. 4. Apply Modifier: The final flank bonus from Step 3 is applied to the attackers combat die roll, in addition to other modifiers. Flank Bonus Reductions: The final flank bonus from Step 3 may be reduced in either of the following circumstances: Flanks Refused: Flank attack bonuses may be modified by Flanks Refused markers. (Flanks Refused markers are no longer optional. They are used in all GCACW games; see 7.8.) Cavalry: Flank attack bonuses may be modified if both the attacker and defender possess cavalry units (see Cavalry and Flank Attacks, below). Note: Non-flank attacks under these conditions do not provide the attacker with a +1 die roll bonus, as is the case with Flanks Refused markers (see 7.8). Also, if a Flanks Refused marker is already situated in the defenders hex, or if the defending units occupy a redoubt hex, normal flanks refused/redoubt rules apply instead of the above cavalry rules.
7.5 COMBaT REsuLTs

The Combat Chart is used to resolve combat. A combat produces two results: one for the attacker, one for the defender. To resolve a combat, the defenders modified die roll is subtracted from the attackers modified roll. On the Combat Chart, the attacker cross-references the result with the column corresponding to his combined Combat value; the defender cross-references the result with the column corresponding to his combined Defense value (prior to applying entrenchment benefits). Both players results, which are applied immediately, may consist of a number and/or one or two letters. A dash indicates that the players units are unaffected. Note: A Combat value may fall between two columns on the Combat Chart (e.g. 3 ). If so, round the value up by and use the right column of the two possible choices. Note: In SJW, Union Panic results are still in effect in the Advanced Game (see SJW 18.0). Union panic is triggered in SJW by any italicized result on the GCACW Standard Combat Chart.
LETTEr REsuLTs
There are eight possible letter results: D (Disorganize/Fatigue): The units Strength marker is flipped to its disorganized side. (If it is already disorganized it remains so.) The units Fatigue Level is also increased by 3 (to a maximum of 4). If the unit is already at Fatigue Level 4, it remains so. Finally, an active unit obtaining a D may not expend any more MP; its march action is over and a new Action Phase begins. F (Fatigue-2): The units Fatigue Level is increased by two (to a maximum of 4). An active unit may not spend any more MPs; its march is over and a new Action Phase begins. f (Fatigue-1): The units Fatigue Level is increased by one (to a maximum of 4). An active unit may not spend any more MP; its march is over and a new Action Phase begins. E (End Action): An active unit may not spend any more MP; its march is over and a new Action Phase begins. This result has no effect on an assault action, since an assault automatically ends after the combat has been resolved. r (Retreat): The unit must retreat (see 7.6). R (Rout/Demoralize-1): The unit is routed (see 7.6). Also, the unit gains a Demoralize-1 marker. If it already has such a marker, it is flipped to its Demoralize-2 side. If it is already at Demoralize-2, there is no further effect. R* (Rout/Demoralize-2): The unit is routed (see 7.6). Also, the unit gains a Demoralize-2 marker. If it is already at Demoralize-1, flip the marker to its Demoralize-2 side and there is no further effect. If it is already at Demoralize-2, its Manpower value is reduced by one in addition to its normal manpower loss result. a (Advance): The unit may advance after combat (see 7.6). NOTE: An extended march never takes place due to a combat result, even if a unit goes to a new Fatigue Level of 2, 3 or 4.
Flank Bonus Conditions: The status of the attackers units may modify a flank bonus. If one or more of the attackers units occupy or exert a ZOC into a hex adjacent to the defender, and all of those units together have a combined Combat value less than one-fourth the defenders Combat value (including the defenders entrenchments and possibly capped by the Maximum Value from Section 7.2), that hex is not considered covered in Step 1a or 1b of the flank attack procedure. (Attacking units in different hexes can combine their Combat values to reach the one-fourth the defenders Combat value total, as long as all of the units are adjacent to the same covered hex). Inactive demoralized units belonging to the attacker may not contribute in any way to the achievement of a flank attack bonus. A unit helping to provide a flank attack bonus which does not participate in the attack may not contribute its Tactical value to a combat, nor does it trigger terrain modifiers. Cavalry and Flank Attacks: The final flank bonus may be reduced if both of the following conditions are in effect: The active attacking unit is a cavalry unit (or the active leader making an assault is a cavalry leader). More than one-half of the total Combat value in the defenders hex is contributed by cavalry units.
If both of these conditions are fulfilled in a combat in which a flank bonus applies, that combats final flank bonus may be modified as follows: A final flank bonus of +4 is reduced to a +2 bonus instead. A final flank bonus of +3 or +2 is reduced to a +1 bonus instead. A final flank bonus of +1 is ignored (no bonus is awarded).
NuMBEr REsuLTs
Number results, which precede letter results, indicate a reduction of the units Manpower (not Artillery) value. Remove the units Strength marker and replace it with another one showing its reduced Manpower value (i.e., the units Manpower value before the combat minus the number result). The new Strength marker may assume a new status (organized or disorganized):
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If the original Strength marker was disorganized before the combat, the new Strength marker is also disorganized. If the original Strength marker was organized prior to the combat, the new Strength marker is disorganized if the combat result contains a D (Disorganized/Fatigue), or organized if the combat result does not contain a D. across a ford hexside or a creek hexside untraversed by a road, pike, trail, or RR. Off-Map: A unit may not retreat off the map. Start Hex: A retreating unit may not enter the hex where a retreat began. Same Hex: A retreating unit may not enter the same hex twice. Adjacent Hex: A retreating unit may not end a retreat in a hex adjacent to the hex where the retreat began. (Exception: The retreating unit may end up adjacent in a one-hex voluntary retreat, see Defenders Retreat Option) Closer to Attacker: A retreating unit may not enter a hex that is closer to the active enemy unit triggering the retreat than the hex retreated out of, counting by the shortest possible path. A unit may not retreat into the hex occupied by the active enemy unit.
Exception: If in a grand assault, the total Combat value of attacking units is 80 or more, the attackers Manpower value loss in that combat is increased (see 7.2).
AppLYIng REsuLTs
Attacker: In a march, the attackers letter and number results apply only to the active unit, even if other friendly units occupy the same hex. In an assault, the attackers letter result applies to each participating unit, including those joining in a grand assault. The attackers number result applies to the attacking force as a wholenot to each individual unit. As long as the number result is fully applied, the attacker may divide it among any of his attacking units as he wishes. Units providing flank attack bonuses which do not participate in the attack are unaffected by combat results. Defender: The defenders letter result applies to each defending unit. The defenders number result applies to the defending force as a wholenot to each individual unit. As long as the number result is fully applied, the defender may divide it among any of his defending units as he wishes. Combat results are always applied to the defending unit(s) before they are applied to the attacking unit(s).
Surrender: If there is no hex to retreat into that does not violate any of the aforementioned restrictions, a retreating unit surrenders, and is eliminated from play. VP are awarded for this occurrence.
RETrEaT PrIOrITIEs
In addition to adhering to retreat restrictions, a retreating player must follow retreat priorities, which are listed on Retreat Charts 1 and 2. A retreating unit must adhere to retreat priorities in each hex entered in that retreat. Furthermore, the appropriate chart to use may change from hex-to-hex in that retreat. Retreat Chart 1: A player must use Retreat Chart 1 in any of the following cases: For the first hex entered in a normal retreat. For each of the first four hexes entered in a rout/cavalry retreat. If in a retreat, rout, or cavalry retreat, a unit exits an enemy ZOC (including restricted ZOC; see 2.4).
EnTrEnCHMEnTs AnD COMBaT VaLuEs

Defending units Combat values may be enhanced by entrenchments (see 9.0). However, when determining the defenders combat result, the Combat Chart columns represent the defenders Combat value prior to the application of entrenchment benefits. Example: If Hoods division defends with a Combat value of 8, its combat result is determined in the 7 to 11 column of the Combat Chart. If Hoods division defends under a completed Breastwork marker, its Combat value is 16 (8 x 2). Although Hoods Combat value of 16 would be used to calculate the ratio in that combat, its combat result is determined in the 7 to 11 column of the Combat Chart.
Retreat Chart 2: A player must use Retreat Chart 2 in any of the following cases: For the second, third, or fourth hexes entered in a normal retreat, assuming the unit is not exiting an enemy ZOC. For the fifth or sixth hexes entered in a rout/cavalry retreat, assuming the unit is not exiting an enemy ZOC.
UnIT AnD LEaDEr ELIMInaTIOn

A unit is eliminated at the moment its Manpower value is reduced to 0. If, due to the elimination of a unit, a leader remains in that hex with no subordinate units, the leader is placed in the nearest hex occupied by a subordinate. A leader is eliminated at the moment no units subordinate to that leader exist.
Using the Retreat Charts: Prior to entering each hex in a retreat, a player checks the appropriate chart and follows this procedure: 1. Check Legal Retreat Hexes: The player determines how many of the six hexes adjacent to the retreating unit may be legally retreated into according to the retreat restrictions rules. Retreat Description: For each of the legal retreat hexes determined in Step 1, the player determines the Retreat Description from the appropriate Retreat Chart corresponding to a retreat into that hex. Priority: Each Retreat Description consulted in Step 2 has a corresponding Priority Number. The player must retreat his unit into a hex using the Retreat Description from Step 2 with the lowest Priority Number. (Exception: see Overriding Retreat Priorities.) If more than one hex fulfills this requirement, the player may retreat his unit into any of those hexes. Also, if two different Retreat Descriptions have the same Priority Number, the player may choose either description when retreating into a hex. Complete Retreat: The player repeats Steps 1, 2, and 3 for each hex entered in that retreat. When he fulfills retreat requirements (at least two and up to four hexes in a normal retreat; at least four and up to six hexes in a rout or cavalry retreat), the retreat is over.
7.6
RETrEaTs, ROuTs, anD ADvanCEs
2.
There are three types of retreats: normal (r), rout (R), and cavalry retreat. In a normal retreat, a player must retreat all his defending units a minimum of two hexes and a maximum of four hexes. In a rout, a player must retreat all his defending units a minimum of four hexes and a maximum of six hexes. See 7.7 for cavalry retreats. The choice of retreat distance and path is left to the defender, as long as the path adheres to the following rules. Retreating units must move as a stack and cannot separate. Leaders must accompany retreating units with which they are attached. MP are not expended in retreats and, with the following exceptions, terrain is irrelevant.
3.
RETrEaT REsTrICTIOns
Retreating units are subject to the following restrictions: Mountains and Swamps: A retreating unit may only enter or exit a mountain or swamp hex (including a provisional swamp hex in a rain turn) across a road, pike, trail, or RR hexside. Rivers: A retreating unit may cross a major or minor river hexside only at a bridge, dam, ferry, or ford. In a rain turn, a unit may not retreat
4.
OvErrIDIng RETrEaT PrIOrITIEs

If, by adhering to retreat rules, there is no possibility of avoiding surrender of a retreating unit due to retreat restrictions, a player may override retreat
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priorities no more than once in that retreat. To override, a player may retreat a unit into a hex by choosing any Retreat Description on the appropriate chart, regardless of its Priority Number. He is not obligated to choose the lowest Priority Number. If the unit cannot avoid surrender due to a single override, it is eliminated. The player can make this override at any point in the retreat path, it does not have to be at the exact point that destruction would occur; thus the player may look ahead to avoid destruction. For example, if in a retreat path by following the retreat priorities a unit would get destroyed in the 3rd hex, the unit is allowed to do its override in the 1st or 2nd or 3rd retreat hex.
ADvanCE AFTEr COMBaT

If the attacker receives an a result, none, some, or all of the attacking units may advance into the hex vacated by the defender. An advance is not considered movement and does not expend MP. A unit may enter or exit an enemy ZOC, or advance from one enemy ZOC to another, without penalty. Regardless of whether or not a unit obtaining an a advances, its march may continue as long as it did not also suffer a D, F, f , or E result. However, it may not continue to move if it advances into an enemy ZOC. In this case, the unit must either attack again or end its march. Leaders (including army/ district leaders) may advance with subordinate units (and must advance if no subordinate units remain in the leaders hex). A leader may advance with a subordinate unit to which it had not been attached prior to the attack, although if it does so the active player must specify its new attachment. A leader may not advance with and attach to a non-subordinate unit.
ManpOwEr LOss
If a unit retreats into a hex using a Retreat Description with an accompanying Manpower loss, the retreating units Manpower value is reduced by the indicated number. Replace its Strength marker with a new one on its disorganized side reflecting the loss. If a stack of more than one unit retreats into a hex calling for Manpower loss, the loss number is applied to each unit in the stacknot just one. Note: Manpower losses in retreats may vary depending on whether a unit retreats into a hex across a road, pike, trail, or RR hexside, or if the hex retreated into is friendly-occupied (see Retreat Charts). In a retreat, entering or exiting a city hex is the equivalent of crossing a road hexside, even if no road actually crosses that hexside.
7.7 CavaLrY RETrEaT

A cavalry unit may use cavalry retreat to avoid attack by an enemy infantry or artillery (not cavalry) unit. A cavalry unit may perform a cavalry retreat more than once per action. The player owning a cavalry unit may declare a retreat in any of the following circumstances: Enemy Movement: An enemy infantry/artillery unit performing a march moves into a normal (not restricted) ZOC exerted by a cavalry unit. Starts Adjacent: An enemy infantry/artillery unit begins a march in a normal (not restricted) ZOC belonging to a cavalry unit. Exception: If an enemy infantry unit begins a march in a restricted ZOC belonging to a cavalry unit and selects the cavalry unit as the target of his attack in Step 1 of the Attack Procedure, then the cavalry unit may perform a cavalry retreat. Advance After Combat: An enemy infantry/artillery unit advances after combat into a cavalry units normal (not restricted) ZOC. Assault: The enemy player declares an assault action against a hex containing at least one cavalry unit (unless the assault is declared by a cavalry leaderin which case a cavalry retreat is not possible). A player wishing to declare a cavalry retreat must make his declaration as soon as any of the above circumstances occur before the enemy player declares an attack (or, in the case of an assault action, before the enemy player rolls a die to determine whether or not the assault takes place). If he does not make the declaration at this moment, he forfeits his ability to perform a cavalry retreat in the hex occupied by his cavalry unit for the duration of the enemy units march.
BasIC RETrEaT PrInCIpLEs

At first it may seem difficult to consult the Retreat Charts for every hex entered in a retreat. However, players will find them easy to use after a few games. To help the players become more familiar with the Retreat Charts, some of their basic principles are outlined below. Retreat Chart 1: On Retreat Chart 1, the highest priority retreat is to move one hex more distant from the active enemy unit by crossing a road, pike, trail, or RR hexside into a nonenemy-occupied/non-enemy-ZOC hex. If that cannot be achieved, the next-highest priority is to attempt to do the same thing by crossing a non-road/pike/trail/RR hexside. If that in turn cannot be achieved, the next-highest priority is to retreat into any hex that is not enemyoccupied, nor in an enemy-ZOC. (This may incur manpower loss.) If that in turn cannot be achieved, the next-highest priority is to avoid retreating into an enemy-occupied hex. (This may incur manpower loss.) Retreat Chart 2: On Retreat Chart 2, the highest priority retreat is to move into any hex that is not enemy-occupied, nor in an enemy-ZOC. If that cannot be achieved, the next-highest priority is to avoid retreating into an enemy-occupied hex. (This may incur manpower loss.)
RETrEaTs InTO EnEMY-OCCupIED HEXEs

Some Retreat Descriptions allow retreats into an enemy-occupied hex, an occurrence which causes a Manpower value loss of three to the retreating unit. (However, a unit may never retreat into the hex occupied by the active enemy unit.) A unit may not end its retreat in an enemy-occupied hex. If there is no alternative except to do so, its retreat may be extended by a sufficient number of hexes so that it ends the retreat in a hex unoccupied by an enemy unit.
PErFOrMIng A CavaLrY RETrEaT

A cavalry retreat is voluntary. A cavalry unit may perform a retreat regardless of its statuseven if it is demoralized, disorganized, exhausted, or at Fatigue Level 4. A player wishing to perform a cavalry retreat states this fact as soon as his opponent has performed one of the aforementioned actions. The enemy units march (or assault) is temporarily suspended while the retreat takes place. A cavalry retreat is performed as follows: 1. Roll Die: The cavalry player rolls a die. This roll may be modified (see below). The modified roll is halved (round fractions down to a whole number). The result is the number by which the enemy units Active Movement Allowance marker is reduced on the Movement Track. In assault actions, this roll has no effect since no Movement Allowance is determined. However, the roll still takes place to see if the cavalry unit suffers loss in Step 2. Manpower Loss: If the Step 1 roll (before modifications and halving) is 1, the cavalry units Manpower value is reduced by one. Place the new Strength marker on its disorganized side. On a roll of 2 to 6, no loss occurs. Retreat 46 Hexes: The cavalry unit must retreat from four to six hexes. The retreating player must adhere to retreat restrictions, using Retreat
DEFEnDErs RETrEaT OpTIOn

On any combat result applying to the defender not containing an r or R, the defender may voluntarily retreat one or more of his units from one to four hexes subject to retreat rules. This is considered a retreat, not a rout. In this case the defender may end the retreat in a hex adjacent to the hex where the retreat began. There is no Fatigue cost to do this. (Exception: If the defender receives a result [no effect], all units participating in the defenders retreat option gain one Fatigue Level, to a maximum of level 4.) Even units at Fatigue Level 4 may join in this retreat. The defender must execute a voluntary retreat immediately, before the enemy player performs further actions.
2.
3.
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Charts 1 and/or 2 to fulfill this retreat. However, a cavalry unit does not suffer any Manpower value loss in a cavalry retreat, even if it retreats into a hex calling for a loss on a Retreat Chart. Exception: If a cavalry unit retreats into an enemy-occupied hex, it is automatically eliminated. 4. Fatigue: After executing its retreat, the cavalry units Fatigue Level is increased by 1 (to a maximum of 4). Note: An extended march is never triggered by a cavalry retreat. Disorganization: The cavalry units Strength marker is flipped to its disorganized side. If it is already disorganized, there is no further effect. Resume Action: The active enemy unit or leader resumes its activities from the point of interruption. If a units Movement Allowance has been reduced to 0, its march ends. (Exception: If the unit has not yet moved, it is permitted to move one hex; see 6.2. It may not refuse flanks.) In an assault action, if the hex the active leader is assaulting is completely vacated by the cavalry retreat, the units participating in the assault may advance into the hex vacated by the cavalry unit. No attack occurs and the assault action ends. (Exception: If the active players command die roll in Step 5 of the assault procedure is unsuccessful, the units participating in the assault may not advance into the hex vacated by the cavalry unit.)
MuLTIpLE CavaLrY RETrEaTs

Same Unit: A cavalry unit may perform a cavalry retreat more than once per action. Cavalry UnitsSeparate Hexes: If two or more cavalry units occupying separate hexes are eligible to perform a cavalry retreat and all of them wish to retreat, each performs the retreat separately. The enemy units Movement Allowance reduction, if any, is cumulative.
5. 6.
7.8
REFusIng FLanks
At a cost of one MP, the active player may place a Flanks Refused marker of the appropriate side on top of a unit performing a march. (Exception: A Flanks Refused marker may not be placed on a unit in a mountain or swamp hex; also, it may not be placed on top of a unit performing an assault.) As soon as a unit gains a Flanks Refused marker, its march ends. (It may perform actions later.) Since a unit must stop moving upon entering an enemy normal ZOC, it may not refuse flanks when entering an enemy normal ZOC. A unit may refuse flanks if it marches in place in a hex in a hex with an enemy normal ZOC (an extended march must be done if required per 5.1). A maximum of one Flanks Refused marker may exist in a hex at a time; its effects apply to all units in the hex. A unit does not have to spend one MP to enter a hex in which a Flanks Refused marker is already situated; it may enter the hex at no extra MP cost and receive the markers benefitsand may continue its march. A Flanks Refused marker never accompanies a unit when it leaves a hex. A marker may not be placed on a unit after it performs a retreat, rout, or advance after combat. The players are not limited to the number of markers provided in the game.
CavaLrY RETrEaT DIE ROLL MODIFIErs

The cavalry retreat modifiers below apply to all GCACW games, superceding all previous modifiers. Modifiers are cumulative. +? Terrain: If a cavalry unit occupies a location where it would receive a positive die roll in combat due to terrain (for occupying a mountain or hill hex, or for being separated from the active unit by a river, creek, or ridge hexside) that same modifier is used to increase their roll in the cavalry retreat. Note that this change adds a cavalry retreat die roll modifier of +1 to creeks (which did not have such a modifier in earlier versions of the rules.) +2: Very Large Force: If the cavalry unit(s) in the hex have a combined Combat value of 3 or more, counting entrenchments. Exception: If the cavalry unit(s) are Confederate, the modifier is increased to +3 in SJW and HCR, and +4 in OTR and SIV. +2: Large Force (Confederate player in OTR and SIV only): If Confederate cavalry unit(s) in the hex have a combined Combat value of at least 2 (but less than 3), counting entrenchments. +1: Large Force (Confederate player in SJW and HCR only): If Confederate cavalry unit(s) in the hex have a combined Combat value of at least 2 (but less than 3), counting entrenchments. 2: Demoralized (All Games): If all the cavalry units in the hex are Demoralized-1 or -2. 2: Fatigue (All Games): If all the cavalry units in the hex are at Fatigue Level 4. 2: Ammunition (RTG, SIV, SLB, OTR, GTC, BTC): If all the cavalry units in the hex are out of ammunition (Advanced Game only). 2: Small Force: If the cavalry unit(s) in the hex have a combined Combat value of or 1, counting entrenchments. Exception: If the cavalry unit(s) are Confederate, the modifier is altered to 1 in SJW and HCR. In OTR, AGA and SIV, Confederate cavalry units ignore this modifier. 4: Very Small Force: If the only cavalry unit in the hex has a Combat value of . Exception: If the cavalry unit is Confederate, the modifier is altered to 3 in SJW and HCR, and 2 in OTR, AGA and SIV.
EFFECTs OF FLanks REFusED MarkErs

Units in a hex with a Flanks Refused marker may perform all actions normally (although they may be forced to remove the marker after the action is over; see below). Units occupying a hex containing a Flanks Refused marker defend against enemy flank attacks more effectively, but less effectively against normal attacks: Flank attacks fulfilling the requirements for a +4 attacker die roll bonus are reduced to a +2 bonus instead. Flank attacks fulfilling the requirements for a +3 or +2 attacker die roll bonus are reduced to a +1 bonus instead. Flank attacks fulfilling the requirements for a +1 attacker die roll bonus are unchanged (the bonus remains +1). All non-flank attacks always provide the attacker with a +1 die roll bonus (in addition to other modifiers), even though requirements for flank attacks have not been fulfilled.
REMOvaL OF FLanks REFusED MarkErs

A Flanks Refused marker may be voluntarily removed from a stack of units at no MP cost if one of the units in the hex initiates a march. (The active unit does not actually have to leave the hex.) The marker must be removed if all the units in the hex participate in an assault action. It also must be removed if only one unit is in a hex and it moves or attacks. (This does not preclude the owning player from placing another marker on the unit later in its march at a cost of one MP.)
CavaLrY STaCkED WITH OTHEr UnITs

With Cavalry Unit: If two or more cavalry units are stacked in the same hex, they must perform a cavalry retreat together. Only one die roll is made in Step 1, and all units must end the retreat in the same hex. If a 1 is rolled for the cavalry retreat, only 1 cavalry unit suffers a manpower loss. With Infantry Units: A cavalry unit stacked with an infantry unit may perform a cavalry retreat, but the infantry unit may not.
8.0 RECOvErY
In the Recovery Phase, the following actions are performed strictly in the listed order: 1. Units at Fatigue Level 0 may entrench, build bridges, or repair bridges/ ferries. A unit may not perform more than one of the aforementioned activities per Recovery Phase and may not perform any at all in a rain turn. In RTG, Confederate infantry units may impose a levy on Pennsylvania towns in this step (see RTG 19.0).
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2. In the Advanced Game, units at Fatigue Level 0, 1, or 2 may forage (see each GCACW games Forage rules), but not if they undertook any activities in Step 1 of the Recovery procedure. Note: Units in RTG and SLB may not forage. Units at Fatigue Level 0 or 1 may be affected as follows: a. Units at Fatigue Level 0 or 1 with disorganized Strength markers have their Strength markers flipped to their organized sides. Exceptions: If a unit has a Demoralize-2 marker at the start of this step, its Strength marker remains disorganized. Also, in each GCACW volumes Advanced Game, out of supply units with disorganized Strength markers remain disorganized. Note that there is no out of supply status in SLB and RTG. b. Units at Fatigue Level 0 or 1 which are on their exhausted sides are flipped to their normal sides. Exception: If an exhausted unit has a Demoralize-2 marker at the start of this step, it remains on its exhausted side. c. Units at Fatigue Level 0 or 1 with Demoralize-1 markers have these markers removed; units at Fatigue Level 0 or 1 with Demoralize-2 markers have these markers flipped to their Demoralize-1 sides. Units at Fatigue Level 3 or 4 are flipped to their exhausted (reverse) sides. If they are already on their exhausted sides, they remain so and there is no further effect. Note: In HCR, and RTG, all military units reverse sides in the GCACW Standard Rules are their exhausted sides, not out of supply or out of ammo. 1861: games occurring within the year 1861 1862: games occurring within the year 1862 1863: games occurring within the year 1863 1864: games occurring in 1864 or later
3.
EnTrEnCHMEnTs (1861): AGA 1861 EnTrEnCHMEnT PrOCEDurE:

If a unit entrenches, place a Abatis-Build marker atop the unit. Exception: if a Confederate unit entrenches in a redoubt hex, place a BW-Complete marker atop the unit. If a unit already possessing a Abatis-Build marker entrenches, place an Abatis marker atop the unit. If a unit already possessing an Abatis marker entrenches, place a BWComplete marker atop the unit. Forts: the only units that may be entrenched above the BW-Complete level are those that start a scenario in a fort marker. If those units leave the fort marker they may not re-entrench beyond the BW-Complete level.
4.
EnTrEnCHMEnTs (1862): SJW, HCR, SIV, AnD OTR

In the GCACW Standard Rules, SJW, HCR, SIV, and OTR Breastwork and Fort markers must have two sides: a Build side and a Complete side. In the original SIV, OTR, and republished SJW, Entrenchment markers follow this pattern. However, the HCR Entrenchment markers are simply printed Breastwork on one side, Fort on the other. In the following entrenchment procedure, players should use Entrenchment markers with Build and Complete sides if they possess them from other GCACW games. Otherwise, a Breastwork or Fort markers Build side can be represented by turning an HCR marker sideways; its Complete side can be represented by aligning it normally.
5. All units at Fatigue Level 1 or more lose three Fatigue Levels (to a minimum Fatigue Level of 0). Replace each units Fatigue marker with a new marker three less than the one being removed. (Units at Fatigue Level 0 do not have markers.) 6. In the Advanced Game Scenarios of SIV (Union Player only), OTR, GTC, BAC (both players), RWH (Confederate units only), SJW and AGA, out of supply units with organized Strength markers have their Strength markers flipped to their disorganized sides. Note: In HCR, flipping organized units which are out of supply to their disorganized sides is performed in Step 2 of the Supply Effects Phase, and that procedure is retained in that game. Also, Step 6 of the Recovery Phase is skipped in SLB and RTG because units are never out of supply in those games.
1862 EnTrEnCHMEnT PrOCEDurE:

If a unit entrenches, place a BreastworkBuild marker atop the unit. Exception: If a Confederate unit (or Union unit in Centreville) entrenches in a redoubt hex, place a Breastwork-Complete marker atop the unit. If a unit already possessing a BreastworkBuild marker entrenches, flip the marker to its Complete side. If a unit already possessing a BreastworkComplete marker entrenches, place a FortBuild marker atop the unit. If a unit already possessing a FortBuild marker entrenches, flip the marker to its Complete side. HCR Special Notes: In the original HCR rules, the Confederate player could not build forts in Maryland (see HCR, 9.0). That restriction is lifted in the GCACW Standard Rules. Also, in HCRs Scenario 2 (Harpers FerryCramptons Gap), the Union units DUtassy and Trimble begin that scenario under Breastwork-Build markers if using the GCACW Standard Rules.
9.0 EnTrEnCHMEnTs
Entrenchments enhance a units defensive capabilities. Units may construct entrenchments in the Recovery Phase, and in games taking place in 1863 or later, in the Action Phase. Players may also gain entrenchment benefits from a hex feature called redoubts.
BuILDIng EnTrEnCHMEnTs
EnTrEnCHMEnTs (1863): SLB, RTG AnD BAC

In the GCACW Standard Rules, Fort markers for games in 1863 must have two sides: Build and Complete. However, RTG Fort markers have no Build side. In the following entrenchment procedure, players should use Fort markers with Build and Complete sides if they possess them from other GCACW games. Otherwise, a Fort markers Build side can be represented by turning an RTG Fort marker sideways; its Complete side can be represented by aligning it normally.
There are four types of entrenchments: redoubts, abatis, breastworks, and forts. Redoubts, which are printed on the map and represent permanent fortifications, may not be built. However, abatis, breastworks, and forts may be built in either the Action Cycle (see 5.5) or the Recovery Phase. Units building entrenchments in the Recovery Phase must be at Fatigue Level 0. A unit building a bridge or repairing a bridge/ferry may not also entrench in the same Recovery Phase. Units may not entrench in rain turns. The procedure for building entrenchments in the Action Phase (for games in 1864 or games in 1863 if the Entrenchment Action optional rule is being used) is described in Section 5.5. The procedure for building entrenchments in the Recovery Phase is described below. Depending on the year depicted in the game being played, players use one of three different procedures. Please select the appropriate procedure for the time frame of the game:
1863 EnTrEnCHMEnT PrOCEDurE:

If a unit without an entrenchment marker (or possessing a Breastworks-Build) entrenches, place a Breastwork marker atop the unit. This is the equivalent of the 1862 BreastworkComplete, and in SLB, the Complete side of the Breastwork marker is used. If a unit already possessing a Breastwork marker entrenches, place a FortBuild marker atop the unit.
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If a unit already possessing a FortBuild marker entrenches, flip the marker to its Complete side.
FLank ATTaCks AgaInsT REDOuBT HEXEs

If a unit occupies a redoubt and is eligible to receive defensive benefits from that hex, its defensive capabilities against some flank attacks are enhanced (see 7.4). +4 Bonus: If the attacking player fulfills requirements for a +4 final flank bonus in an attack against one or more units in a redoubt hex, that bonus is reduced to +2. +3/+2 Bonus: If the attacking player fulfills requirements for a +3 or +2 final flank bonus in an attack against one or more units in a redoubt hex, that bonus is reduced to +1. +1 Bonus: If the attacking player fulfills requirements for a +1 final flank bonus in an attack against one or more units in a redoubt hex, he receives no flank bonus at all. Unlike Flanks Refused markers, non-flank attacks against redoubt hexes do not provide the attacking player a +1 die roll bonus. Defending units situated under Breastwork or Fort markers in redoubt hexes retain the redoubts capabilities against flank attacks. However, Breastwork or Fort markers situated in non-redoubt hexes do not provide these capabilities.
EnTrEnCHMEnTs (1864): GTC 1864 EnTrEnCHMEnT PrOCEDurE:

If a unit entrenches, place a Breastworks marker atop the unit. If a unit already possessing an Abatis marker entrenches, place a FortBuild-1 marker atop the unit. If a unit already possessing a Breastworks-Build marker entrenches, place a Fort-Build-2 marker atop the unit. If a unit already possessing a Breastworks, Fort-Build-1, or Fort-Build 2 marker entrenches, place a Fort Complete marker atop the unit.
REMOvIng EnTrEnCHMEnTs
A units Abatis, Breastwork or Fort marker is removed at the moment the unit leaves the hex. If a unit with an Abatis, Breastwork or Fort marker exits a redoubt hex, its marker is removed but there is no effect on the permanent redoubt.
EFFECTs OF EnTrEnCHMEnTs
Entrenchments may enhance the Combat and Artillery values of defending (not attacking) units: Redoubts in Virginia only provide benefits when the Confederate player has units in that hex. The redoubts in Tennessee and Alabama in BAC provide benefits for either the Union or Confederate player, depending on which player has units in that redoubt hex. Exception: the Centreville (SJW N4318) redoubt also provides the Union player with redoubt benefits if he has units in that hex (this redoubt exists in all games except those in 1861). Units in a redoubt hex (that they are eligible to benefit from) with no other entrenchments have their Combat and Artillery values multiplied by 1.5 when defending. (For Combat values, retain fractions; for Artillery values, multiply the sum of all the Artillery values in the hex by 1.5 and round fractions up to the nearest whole number.) Units directly under an Abatis marker (or a Breastworks-Build marker if the year is 1864 or later) have their Combat and Artillery values multiplied by 1.5 when defending. Units directly under a completed Breastwork, a Fort-Build marker (1863 or earlier), or a Fort-Build-1 marker (1864 or later) have their Combat and Artillery values doubled when defending. Units directly under a Fort-Build-2 marker (1864 or later) have their Combat and Artillery values multiplied by 2.5 when defending. Units directly under a completed Fort marker have their Combat and Artillery values tripled when defending. Units directly under a Breastworks-Build marker do not have their Combat and Artillery values modified if the year is 1863 or earlier.
10.0 BrIDgEs, DaMs, AnD FErrIEs

Units may cross major and minor rivers only at bridges, dams, ferries, and fords. A unit entering a hex across a bridge, dam, or ford ignores the cost of the major terrain in that hex and instead pays 1 MP as long as a road, pike, or RR crosses that bridge, dam, or ford. A unit also pays 1 MP if a pontoon bridge is constructed over that river (as long as both hexes connected by the pontoon bridge have a road, pike, trail, or RR in them). Units entering a hex across a bridge or ford which is not traversed by a road, pike or RR must pay that hexs major terrain MP cost. (See 6.2 for ferry MP penalties.) Roads crossing creek hexsides are not considered bridges, dams, ferries, or fords.
10.1 POnTOOn BrIDgEs

In the GCACW Standard Rules, bridges built during the game are known as pontoon bridges to differentiate them from permanent bridges which are printed on the map. Also, in all GCACW games except SLB (see below), a player must make a die roll if he wishes to build a bridge, rather than building it automatically. Note: In SLB, all original bridge building rules (see SLB 10.0) are in effect, including major river bridges. These rules are unmodified by the GCACW Standard Rules.
BuILDIng POnTOOn BrIDgEs

Eligible infantry units may attempt to build pontoon bridges. Note: In some GCACW games, units had formerly been prohibited from building bridges over major rivers, but this is now permissible in the Standard Rules. Also, in the Standard Rules, bridges may always be built at fords. An infantry unit is eligible to build a pontoon bridge only if it meets all of the following conditions in Step 1 of the Recovery Phase: It is at Fatigue Level 0. It has a Combat value of 5 or more. Exception: In SIV, it must have a Combat value of 3 or more. It occupies a hex containing at least one unbridged/undammed major or minor river hexside. Exception: Confederate units may only attempt to build a bridge over a major river in OTR and GTC. Union units may attempt to build a bridge over a major river in all GCACW games except SIV. It must not have entrenched or repaired a bridge or ferry in the same Recovery Phase. If the bridge is to be built over a minor river, the player must have an unused minor river Bridge marker.
Abatis, Breastwork, and Fort effects apply individually by unit, not by hex. In a stack of units, some may possess markers while others do not. Only units which actually entrenched in an earlier Action or Recovery Phase receive the Combat/Artillery value multiple provided by an entrenchment marker. Units without markers in the same hex use unenhanced values. Exception: Units in a redoubt hex belonging to a player eligible to receive redoubt benefits gain the defensive benefit of the redoubt. However, only those units which entrench further in a Action or Recovery Phase gain defensive enhancements beyond those provided by the redoubt. Entrenchments do not enhance the combat value of units for the purposes of determining if they have enough Combat value to contribute to the achievement of a flank bonus (see Flank Bonus Conditions, 7.4). Entrenchments also do not boost a units Combat value for the purpose of determining the additional MP cost to enter that units hex (see Enter Friendly-Occupied Hex, 6.2).
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Exception: In SJW, HCR, RTG, and SIV, the number of minor river Bridge markers in the game is not a limit. Players may build as many minor river bridges as they wish. If the bridge is to be built over a major river, the player must have an unused major river Bridge marker. +1: If the river being bridged is currently unfordable (see 12.0). +1: If the bridge is being built between hexes OTR S3409 and OTR S3509 (Barretts Ferry). +2: If the river being bridged is a major river. +1: If there is no ford or ferry (or destroyed permanent bridge or ferry) across the the hexside being bridgedbut there is a road, pike, trail, or RR in both of the hexes to be connected. +2: If there is a road, pike, trail, or RR in only one of the two hexes to be connected. +3: If there is no road, pike, trail, or RR in either of the two hexes to be connected. Note: If a pontoon bridge is successfully built, it is considered to have a road (not pike) running across it as long as both hexes connected by the bridge have roads, pikes, trails, or RR in them. Otherwise the bridge is not considered to be traversed by a road. Chatham Bridge in SJW/SLB: In SJW, Chatham Bridge (S4328-S4427) is considered a Union pontoon bridge, even though it is printed on the map. It is subject to all GCACW Standard Rules applying to dismantling and destruction (see 10.2), and it may be rebuilt if it is destroyed or dismantled. Chatham Bridge does not count against the Union players limit of one major river bridge in SJW. In SLB, Chatham Bridge is considered destroyed at the start of the game. Confederate Pontoon Bridge in RTG: In the RTG Advanced Game, Confederate Pontoon Bridge rules (see RTG 23.0) remain in full effect.
In OTR and GTC, the Union and Confederate players are limited to eight and four minor river Bridge markers, respectively. In games in which either or both players may build major river bridges, they are limited to one major river Bridge marker each. Note: In SLB, the original bridge rules limit the Union player to two major river Bridge markers, and these SLB limits remain in effect. If a game limits the number of Bridge markers that may be employed, and all the Bridge markers of that type are in use, a player may not build a pontoon bridge of that type until one or more markers become available for use again due to dismantling or destruction (see 10.2). Note: In HCR, and RTG, Union Bridge markers are not differentiated between major and minor river bridges. In those three games, players may either use a major river Bridge marker from another game, or they may designate one marker as a major river bridge.
POnTOOn BrIDgE REsTrICTIOns

Cavalry/artillery units and leaders may not build bridges. Bridges may not be built across creek hexsides. A bridge may not be built between two hexes if one of the hexes contains an enemy unit (or units) with a combined Combat value of 5 or more. It may be built into a hex if the enemy unit(s) in that hex have a combined Combat value of 4 or less. Entrenchments are not taken into account in determining the Combat value that prevents a bridge from being built. Exception: In SIV, a bridge may not be built between two hexes if one of the hexes contains an enemy unit (or units) with a combined Combat value of 3 or more. It may be built into a hex if the enemy unit(s) in that hex have a combined Combat value of 2 or less. An eligible unit may attempt to build a maximum of one bridge per Recovery Phase, although it may attempt to build more than one bridge per gameeven in the same hex. A maximum of one infantry unit per hex may make a bridge-building attempt in Step 1 of each Recovery Phase. A maximum of one bridge (of any kind) may be situated on each hexside at any time. Units may not build bridges in rain turns.
10.2 DEsTrOYIng BrIDgEs anD FErrIEs

In the GCACW Standard Rules, rules for bridge/ferry destruction and dismantling supercede the pertinent rules sections in all GCACW games, including the SIV Advanced Game (see SIV, 23.1). (The following rules are identical to the OTR model.) In all games, permanent bridges, pontoon bridges, and ferries may be destroyed, although permanent bridges/ferries are more difficult to destroy than pontoon bridges. Bridges and ferries may be destroyed in rain turns and while rivers are unfordable.
DEsTrOYIng POnTOOn BrIDgEs

When a player builds a pontoon bridge, he owns it. Enemy units may not cross that bridge in a march, retreat, or advance after combat; nor may they attack across it. The bridge remains on the map until an enemy unit with a Combat value of 5 or more (or, in SIV, 3 or more) ends a march, retreat, or advance after combat in one of the two hexes connected by the bridge. At that time the Bridge marker is immediately removed. A pontoon bridge is automatically destroyed at the end of the Attachment Phase if the previous turns Recovery Phase or the current turns Attachment Phase has caused an enemy unit to have a combat value of 5 or more (or, in SIV, 3 or more) in one of the two hexes connected by the bridge. ZOC extend across undestroyed bridges normally, even a pontoon bridge constructed by the enemy player.
POnTOOn BrIDgE COnsTruCTIOn

For each eligible unit attempting to build a bridge in Step 1 of the Recovery Phase, the owning player follows this procedure: Exception: In SLB, bridges are not built according to this procedure. The original SLB bridge rules are in effect. 1. 2. He specifies the hexside over which the bridge will be built. He rolls a die, modifying this roll if necessary (see below). 5 or Less: If the modified roll is 5 or less, the bridge is successfully built. Place an appropriate Bridge marker (minor or major) belonging to the building player directly on the hexside, with one end of the bridge symbol pointing to the units hex and the other end pointing to the hex directly across the river. 6 or More: If the modified roll is 6 or more, the bridge is not built. No action is taken. Another attempt to build a bridge across that hexside may not be made until the following turn.
DIsManTLIng
If at any time during a march, an active unit occupies one of the two hexes connected by a friendly pontoon bridge, the active player may dismantle that bridge. If so, the Bridge marker is removed. This does not cost any MP, and the active unit may continue its march afterwards.
DEsTrOYIng PErManEnT BrIDgEs AnD FErrIEs

If an infantry unit with a Combat value of 5 or more (or, in SIV, 3 or more) ends a march in either of the two hexes connected by a permanent bridge, or if an infantry or cavalry unit of any Combat value ends a march in either of the two hexes connected by a ferry, the active player may attempt to destroy that bridge/ferry. A unit may make a maximum of one attempt to destroy bridges/ferries per turn. However, a player may make more than one attempt to destroy the same bridge/ferry in a turn, as long as the attempts are made by different units. Exceptions: If an enemy unit occupies one of the two hexes connected by a bridge/ferry, the active player may not attempt to destroy it. Also, if one of the two hexes connected by a bridge/ferry is an enemy ZOCincluding
COnsTruCTIOn DIE ROLL MODIFIErs

A players pontoon bridge construction die roll is modified if any of the following conditions are in effect (modifiers are cumulative): 3: If the Confederate player attempts to build a major river bridge within 10 hexes of the Confederate Capitol (OTR N0627/GTC S3626).
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restricted ZOC and that ZOC is not occupied by a friendly unit, the active player may not attempt to destroy it. Finally, some permanent bridges are indestructible (see below). Dams and Fords: Dams and fords may not be destroyed. Permanent Bridge/Ferry Destruction Procedure: To attempt to destroy a permanent bridge or ferry, a player rolls a die. (This roll may be modified; see below.) Bridge: If the modified roll is 2 or less, a permanent bridge is destroyed. If the modified roll is 3 or more, the attempt to destroy the permanent bridge has failed. Ferry: If the modified roll is 1 or less, a ferry is destroyed. If the modified roll is 2 or more, the attempt to destroy the ferry fails. An infantry unit is eligible to repair a permanent bridge/ferry only if it meets all of the following conditions in Step 1 of the Recovery Phase: It is at Fatigue Level 0. It has a Combat value of 5 or more. Exception: In SIV, it must have a Combat value of 2 or more. It occupies a hex containing at least one destroyed permanent bridge or ferry hexside. It must not have entrenched or built a pontoon bridge in the same Recovery Phase. In SIV, the Union player may only attempt to repair a bridge or ferry if at least one of the hexes connected by the bridge is situated in a county that is currently controlled by the Union player (see SIV, 22.1).
REpaIr REsTrICTIOns
Cavalry/artillery units and leaders may not repair bridges or ferries. A permanent bridge or ferry may not be repaired if one of the hexes connected by the bridge/ferry contains an enemy unit or units with a combined Combat value of 5 or more (or, in SIV, 2 or more). It may be repaired if the enemy unit(s) in the connecting hex have a combined Combat value of 4 or less (or, in SIV, a Combat value of 1). Each player may make a maximum of one repair attempt per Recovery Phase. Units may not repair in rain turns.
If a permanent bridge/ferry is destroyed, place a Destroyed marker directly on the hexside. If a destroy attempt fails, the player may attempt to destroy the bridge/ferry again, as many times as he wishes, as long as a given unit makes no more than one attempt per turn. Note: HCR, RTG, and SLB do not have Destroyed markers. Players may use Destroyed markers from other games, if available, or they may make their own markers. Destruction Die Roll Modifiers: If a player attempts to destroy a permanent bridge or ferry, his die roll is modified if any of the following conditions are in effect (modifiers are cumulative): 2: If the Confederate player is attempting to destroy a ferry. 1: If neither hex connected by the bridge/ferry is an enemy ZOC hex (including restricted ZOC). 1: If the active unit attempting the destruction spent its entire march in the hex connected by the bridge or ferry, and the unit neither moved nor attacked during its march. +2: If the active player is attempting to destroy the C&O Canal Aqueduct (HCR W4126). Recall that in the GCACW Standard Rules, this aqueduct is considered a bridge, not a ford. Indestructible Bridges: The following permanent bridges may not be destroyed: Chain Bridge (SJW N5809; HCR E0932) Aqueduct Bridge (HCR E1233) Patterson Viaduct (HCR E2712) Thomas Viaduct (HCR E2914) Frederick Junction RR Bridge (HCR W4317; RTG S2428) Long Bridge (Alexandria map extension) Hunting Creek Bridge (Alexandria map extension)
REpaIr PrOCEDurE
If an eligible unit attempts to repair a permanent bridge/ferry in the Recovery Phase, the owning player follows this procedure: 1. 2. He specifies the hexside on which the repair will be attempted. He rolls a die, modifying this roll if necessary (see below). Permanent Bridge: If the modified roll is 3 or less, the bridge is repaired. Remove the Destroyed marker: the bridge is functional again. If the modified roll is 4 or more, the repair attempt fails. Ferry: If the modified roll is 5 or less, the ferry is repaired. Remove the Destroyed marker; the ferry is functional again. If the modified roll is 6 or more, the repair attempt fails.
Repair Die Roll Modifiers: A players repair die roll is modified if any of the following conditions are in effect (modifiers are cumulative): +1: If the river on which a permanent bridge or ferry is situated is currently unfordable (see 12.0). +2: If the river on which a permanent bridge or ferry is situated is a major river. Chatham Bridge in SLB: In SLB, Chatham Bridge (43284427) may not be repaired, although the Union player may build a bridge at that hexside according to normal SLB bridge rules (see SLB 10.0).
C&O Canal Aqueduct: In the HCR Advanced Game, rules for the destruction of the C&O Canal Aqueduct (see HCR 22.0) are superceded by the GCACW Standard Rules for permanent bridge destruction.
DEsTrOYED PErManEnT BrIDgE/FErrY EFFECTs

If a permanent bridge or a ferry over a minor river is destroyed, a ford is considered to cross the hexside formerly occupied by the bridge/ferry. (ZOC do not extend across destroyed bridge/ferry hexsides in rain turns.) If a permanent bridge or ferry over a major river is destroyed, no ford is considered to exist at that location. Exception: If Snickers Ferry or Berrys Ferry, both on the Shenandoah River, are destroyed, a ford is considered to exist across that hexside.
11.0 DEMOraLIZaTIOn
A unit is assigned a Demoralize-1 marker (or has an existing Demoralize-1 marker flipped to its Demoralize-2 side) if it suffers an R result in combat. A unit is assigned a Demoralize-2 marker if it suffers an R* result in combat. Leaders are never demoralized. Demoralized units may be chosen to perform actions normally, although their attack capabilities are less than normal.
EFFECTs OF DEMOraLIZaTIOn 1
A unit with a Demoralize-1 marker is affected as follows: Its Combat value when attacking is halved. Round fractions down to a whole number. (Exception: A demoralize-1 unit with a Combat value of 1 or has a Combat value of when attacking.) The units Combat value when defending is normal. Its Artillery value is 0 in both attack and defense.
10.3 REpaIrIng PErManEnT BrIDgEs anD FErrIEs

The following GCACW Standard Rules for permanent bridge and ferry repair (identical to those in OTR) apply to all GCACW games. Note: These rules supercede the pertinent repair rules in SIV (see SIV 23.2). In SIV, both Union and Confederate units may attempt to repair bridges and ferries according to the GCACW Standard Rules procedure.
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If inactive, it may not contribute in any way to the achievement of a flank attack bonus. It may not be selected to participate in a grand assault.
RaIn EFFECTs
Provisional Swamps: Provisional swamp hexes function as full swamp hexes in rain turns. If a Rain event occurs while a unit is in a provisional swamp hex with no road, pike, or RR, the unit gains one Fatigue Level and its Strength marker is disorganized. (If it is already disorganized, it is not further affected.) It also must be immediately moved into an adjacent, non-enemy occupied hex. This special movement does not require activation and does not expend MP. It may not be into an enemy ZOC unless there are no non-enemy ZOC present. It also may not be into another swamp hex or across a major/minor river hexside without a bridge or ferry. If no legal hex is available to move into, the unit is eliminated, and VP are awarded for its loss. Zones of Control: ZOC do not extend across ford or destroyed bridge/ ferry hexsides in rain turns. They also do not extend across creek hexsides untraversed by roads, pikes, RR or trail (unless at least one of the two hexes joined by that creek hexside is a city hex). Attacks: The attacker subtracts 1 from all combat die rolls in rain turns. Attacks cannot be made across ford or destroyed bridge/ferry hexsides in rain turns. Attacks cannot be made across creek hexsides in rain turns unless the hexside is crossed by a road, pike, trails, or RR (or at least one of the two hexes joined by the creek hexside is a city hex). In an attack across a permissible creek hexside in a rain turn, the defender gains a +2 combat die roll modifier (instead of the normal +1). Movement: If a unit enters a hex across a road or RR hexside in a rain turn, it expends 2 (not 1) MP. A unit entering a hex across a pike hexside expends 1 (not 1) MP in a rain turn. If a unit enters a mountain hex through a hexside crossed by a trail in a rain turn, it expends 3 MP instead of 2; if a unit enters a non-mountain hex through a hexside crossed by a trail in a rain turn, it expends 2 MP instead of 1. In rain turns, the cost to enter all types of major terrain without benefit of roads, pikes, trails, or RR is increased (see Terrain Chart). Rivers and Creeks: In rain turns, units may cross minor and major rivers only at bridge, dam, and ferry hexsidesnever at fords or destroyed bridges/ferries. Units may cross creeks only across road, pike, RR or trail hexsides in rain turns. Exception: Units may always cross a creek hexside if at least one of the two hexes joined by that hexside is a city hex. Bridges: Units may not build or repair bridges or ferries in rain turns but may destroy them. Entrenching: Units may not entrench in rain turns.
EFFECTs OF DEMOraLIZaTIOn 2
A unit with a Demoralize-2 marker is affected as follows: Its Combat value when attacking is 1. (Exception: A demoralize-2 unit with a Combat value of 1 or has a Combat value of when attacking.) The units Combat value when defending is normal. Its Artillery value is 0 in both attack and defense. If inactive, it may not contribute in any way to the achievement of a flank attack bonus. It may not be selected to participate in a grand assault. If a hex being attacked contains any units with Demoralize-2 markers, the defender may have to subtract 1 from his combat die roll (see 7.4).
REMOvaL OF DEMOraLIZaTIOn MarkErs

A Demoralized marker remains on top of the unit to which it is assigned wherever that unit moves. However, a units Demoralize-1 marker may be removed (or a Demoralize-2 marker flipped to its Demoralize-1 side) during Step 3c of the Recovery Phase if that unit has a Fatigue Level of 0 or 1 (see 8.0).
12.0 RaIn
Rain is a random event in all GCACW games. The GCACW Standard Rules do not change the fact that rain effects apply only in the Advanced Game in some games (SJW, AGA, HCR, RTG, SLB, and BAC), and in both Basic and Advanced Games in others (SIV, OTR and GTC). Furthermore, the GCACW Standard Rules do not modify how players determine whether or not rain occurs. Each GCACW game uses its original Random Events Table according to that games specific rules, without modification. Also, note that in rain turns, units may not perform Entrenching actions, nor may they entrench in the Recovery Phase.
RaIn
The Random Events Table has four possible Rain results: Rain (Current): Rain rules are in effect throughout the current turn only. Place a Rain marker on the Turn Track in the box corresponding to the current turn. Rain (Current+1): Rain rules are in effect throughout the current turn and the following turn. Place Rain markers on the Turn Track in the boxes corresponding to the current and immediately succeeding turns. Rain (Current+2): Rain rules are in effect throughout the current turn and the following two turns. Place Rain markers on the Turn Track in the boxes corresponding to the current and immediately succeeding two turns. Rain (Current+3): Rain rules are in effect throughout the current turn and the following three turns. Place Rain markers on the Turn Track in the boxes corresponding to the current and immediately succeeding three turns.
RIvEr FOrDaBILITY
In rain turns, units may not use fords to cross major or minor river hexsides. Furthermore, Rain results on the Random Events Table may cause fords to be unusable for an extended period of time after rain turns. Each time a Rain result occurs, the players must place a Major Rivers Unfordable and a Minor Rivers Unfordable marker on the Turn Track. (If they are already on the Track, they must be advanced a variable number of boxes.) Note: If the game being played does not have either or both of these markers, players may use OTR or GTC markers, or they may make their own. The placement and movement of these two markers on the Turn Track is governed by the type of Rain result that has occurred and the game being played. When a Rain result occurs in any game, consult the chart below to get a Rain Number for minor rivers.
Note: If a multiple turn Rain result occurs when there are already one or more Rain markers on the Turn Track, additional markers are placed on the track only if the new Rain result extends the rain time period into turns which did not previously possess a Rain marker. For example, if a Rain (Current +2) result occurs on Turn 6, Rain markers are placed in the Turns 6, 7, and 8 boxes on the Turn Track. If on Turn 7 a Rain (Current +1) result occurs, no additional Rain markers are placed on the track because the new result does not extend the rain period. However, if on Turn 7 a Rain (Current +2) result had occurred, a Rain marker should be added to the Turn 9 box due to the extension of the rain period.
MInOr RIvEr RaIn NuMBEr TaBLE RaIn EvEnT

Rain (Current) Rain (Current +1) Rain (Current +2) Rain (Current +3)
OTR
1 2 4 6
SIV
0 1 3 n/a
ALL OTHErs
0 1 2 3
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Place the Minor Rivers Unfordable marker on the Turn Track a number of boxes ahead of the current turn equal to the Minor River Rain Number. If the Minor Rivers Unfordable marker is already on the Turn Track, advance it by a number of turns equal to the Rain Number. Do not place the Minor Rivers Unfordable marker on the Track if the Rain Number is 0. Next, consult the chart below to get a Rain Number for major rivers.
LIMITED InTELLIgEnCE (OpTIOnaL RuLE)

This optional rule can be used with any game in the series to better reflect the uncertainties of Civil War era command. In does significantly increase the time required to complete a scenario. This rule requires mutual trust between the players and should not be used for competitive play.
MaJOr RIvEr RaIn NuMBEr TaBLE RaIn EvEnT

THE FOrCE DIspLaY

As described in Section 6.4, each player may remove stacks of counters and replace them with a Force Marker. Normally, forces kept off-map on the Force Display may be examined by either player at any time. When using these rules, each players Force Display is kept secret from the enemy player. Hide each players Force Display behind a screen or under a spare game box lid.
OTR
1 3 6 9
SIV
1 3 5 n/a
ALL OTHErs
1 2 3 4
PLaCIng FOrCE MarkErs

Each player is allowed to utilize up to ten force markers at a time. Not all games in the Great Campaigns series include ten force markers for each player; players should substitute additional counters as necessary. A player may place one or more force markers during the Action Cycle whenever he possesses the initiative. (He is not required to activate the units being replaced with force markers during this action; he is free to take the action elsewhere). As described in Section 6.4, the units are removed from the map and placed on the force display. Two or more force markers may be simultaneously placed in the same hex (or one or more force markers may be added to a hex that already has a force marker in it) to confuse the enemy about the direction in which a force will move. When more than one force marker is in a hex, the player is free to divide the units in that hex between those forces as he sees fit. A player is permitted to assign no actual units to a force marker; a phantom force of this type is referred to below as a dummy marker. Dummy markers may be activated and moved (see below), but may not be used to reveal enemy forces, collect VP, or trigger any other action pursuant to the rules that requires the presence of an actual unit. Placement of force markers must adhere to the following restrictions: A force marker may not be placed adjacent to an enemy unit (unless impassable terrain makes it impossible to move between the two hexes). A force marker may not be placed within two hexes of an enemy cavalry unit.
Place the Major Rivers Unfordable marker on the Turn Track a number of boxes ahead of the current turn equal to the Major River Rain Number. If the Major Rivers Unfordable marker is already on the Turn Track, advance it by a number of turns equal to the Rain Number. Note: In the original RTG rules, rain affected major river fordability only on the Potomac River (see RTG 14.0). In the GCACW Standard Rules, all major rivers are affected by rain in RTG.
UnFOrDaBILITY EFFECTs
If the Major Rivers Unfordable marker is on the Turn Track, units may not move, retreat, or advance across major rivers at fords in the current turn and all succeeding turns up to and including the box occupied by the marker. If the Minor Rivers Unfordable marker is on the Turn Track, units may not move, retreat, or advance across minor rivers at fords or destroyed bridges/ ferries in the current turn and all succeeding turns up to and including the box occupied by the marker. If a unit uses a ferry to move across a minor river that is currently unfordable, that unit must pay the normal ferry movement point penalty (Manpower value divided by 3, see Section 6.2). Remove a marker from the Turn Track at the end of the turn corresponding to the box it occupies on the Track.
SETup COnvErsIOns
The Standard Basic Game Rules use a fatigue and recovery system that was introduced for the fourth game in the series, Stonewall in the Valley. Accordingly, the scenario setups for the first three games in the series (SJWoriginal, HCR, and RTG) should be modified when units start those scenarios at a status other than Fatigue Level 0. The table below shows the how to convert the set up fatigue levels. SJW-original, HCR, RTG Published Status Fatigue Level 0 Fatigue Level 1 Fatigue Level 2 Standard Basic Game Rules Status Fatigue Level 0 (normal) Fatigue Level 0 (exhausted) Fatigue Level 1 (exhausted)
Exception: A force marker may be placed within two hexes of enemy cavalry if all two-hex paths between the units are blocked by either: impassable terrain; woods hexsides not crossed by a road, pike, trail, or RR; or a friendly unit in the hex between the force marker and the enemy cavalry unit.
MOvIng FOrCE MarkErs

Units on the Force Display must move according to the published rules. A player moving a hidden force still rolls for that forces movement in view of the enemy player. Thus, the enemy player will have a good idea whether or not a friendly force marker contains infantry or cavalry based on the number of dice rolled for the movement. Dummy markers can be moved as either infantry or cavalry (with or without a leader) at the discretion of the owning player. The players choice of how to move dummy markers should be based on which type of unit he is trying to trick the enemy player into thinking is present in that force. Any extended march rolls should be rolled in view of the enemy player; however, the moving player may make fake extended march rolls for hidden forces to confuse the enemy. Movement of dummy markers normally requires the player to win initiative and spend an activation. The only exception occurs when more than one force marker starts an activation in the same hex. In that case, one or more dummy markers may be moved from that hex at the same time as the force markers with actual units without requiring a separate activation.
(the setups in the SJW redesign republication should not be changed) Units that were disorganized in previous setups remain disorganized. Exception: In RTG Scenario 1 (First Day at Gettysburg), Reynolds wing marched at dawn of July 1, just before the scenario starts. In this scenario, start all Union units from I Corps and XI Corps at Fatigue Level 1 (normal side), not at Fatigue Level 0 (exhausted) as specified above. For those interested in how the conversion of setups was determined, the system is straightforward. Take the fatigue level in the setup for these three games and add two fatigue levels. The resulting fatigue level is the units status at the end of the previous turn (before recovery). Then apply the new recovery rules to determine the Standard Basic Game status.
26
GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR REvEaLIng EnEMY FOrCEs

Players replace friendly forces markers with the units they represent (or remove them if they are dummies) in the following cases: If an enemy unit or force marker is adjacent to the friendly force marker (unless impassable terrain makes it impossible to move between the two hexes). If an enemy cavalry unit is within two hexes of the marker.
GrEaT CaMpaIgns On THE InTErnET

On-line support for rule questions and clarifications. Send email to: ebeach@comcast.net Web Sites: http://www.multimanpublishing.com or http://www.gcacw.com Email Mailing List: instructions on joining are found at: http://www.gcacw. com/mailist.htm Discussion Forums: Consimworld: http://forums.consimworld.com (search for the Great Campaigns folder) Board Game Geek: http://www.boardgamegeek.com (find the specific game entry for any of the GCACW modules)
Exception: A force marker may remain on the map within two hexes of enemy cavalry if all two-hex paths between the units are blocked by either: impassable terrain; woods hexsides not crossed by a road, pike, trail, or RR; or a friendly unit in the hex between the force marker and the enemy cavalry unit. Note: This case requires actual cavalry units to be present on the map within two hexes of the force marker; cavalry units under force markers can never reveal the composition of an enemy force. Besides removing force markers in the cases listed above, force markers can be voluntarily removed at any time by the owning player (usually when he would rather use them elsewhere on the map).
27
ENTReNCHMeNT TABLe
YEar EnTrEnCHIng PHasE
Current Level of Entrenchment None Abatis-Build Abatis Breastwork Build Breastwork Complete Fort Build Fort Build 1 Fort Build 2 1.0 1.5 1.5 (1864 only) 2 2 2 2.5 Combat Mulitplier* Abatis-Build Abatis Breastwork Complete N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Breastwork Build N/A N/A Breastwork Complete Fort Build Fort Complete N/A N/A
1861 RECOvErY
1862 RECOvErY ACTIOn
1863 RECOvErY ACTIOn

Resulting Level of Entrenchment Breastwork Build N/A N/A Breastwork Complete Fort Build Fort Complete N/A N/A Breastwork Complete N/A N/A Breastwork Complete Fort Build Fort Complete N/A N/A Abatis N/A
1864 RECOvErY
Breastwork Complete N/A Fort Build 1 Fort Build 2 Fort Complete N/A Fort Complete Fort Complete
Breastwork Build Breastwork Complete Fort Build 1 N/A Fort Build 2 Fort Complete
* Once units reach Fort-Complete, their combat multiplier is 3 in all games.
ReCOVeRY PHASe SUMMARY

Units at Fatigue Level 0 may entrench, build bridges, or repair bridges and ferries. (They may only perform one of these activities per phase.) 2. Units at Fatigue Level 0, 1, or 2 may forage in the Advanced game. 3. Units at Fatigue Level 0 or 1 may be affected as follows (also see 8.0): a. Units at Fatigue Level 0 or 1 with disorganized Strength markers have these markers flipped to their organized sides. Exception: In the Advanced Game, out of supply units with disorganized Strength markers are unaffected; their markers remain disorganized (except SLB/RTG). b. Units at Fatigue Level 0 or 1 which are on their exhausted sides are flipped to their normal sides. c. Units at Fatigue Level 0 or 1 with Demoralize-1 markers have those markers removed. Units at Fatigue Level 0 or 1 with Demoralize-2 markers have these markers flipped to their Demoralize-1 sides. 4. Units at Fatigue Level 3 or 4 are flipped to their exhausted sides. If they are already exhausted there is no further effect. 5. Units at Fatigue Level 1 or more lose 3 Fatigue Levels (to a minimum of 0). 6. Out of supply units with organized Strength markers in the Advanced Game have these markers flipped to their disorganized sides (except RTG/SLB/HCR). 1.
MInOr RIvEr RaIn NuMBEr TaBLE RaIn EvEnT

OTR
1 2 4 6
SIV
0 1 3 n/a
ALL OTHErs
0 1 2 3
MaJOr RIvEr RaIn NuMBEr TaBLE RaIn EvEnT

OTR
1 3 6 9
SIV
1 3 5 n/a
ALL OTHErs
1 2 3 4
WOODS HeXSIDe (ReSTRICTeD ZOC) SUMMARY OF EFFeCTS

1. MOVEMENT: Restricted ZOC do not restrict movement in any way (Section 6.2). A unit can move through a restricted ZOC without having to stop and can leave a restricted ZOC without having to pay a +1 movement penalty. 2. ATTACKS: Units may only attack across a woods hexside in certain conditions. Refer to Section 7.0, Combat, Attack Restrictions. 3. FLANK ATTACKS: Restricted ZOC count as covered hexes when computing the basic flank bonus. However, the final flank bonus is reduced by one for each hex covered by a restricted ZOC. Refer to Section 7.4, Flank Attacks. 4. RETREAT AND ROUT: Restricted ZOC affect retreats and routs just like normal ZOC. 5. COMMAND RADIUS: Restricted ZOC block an enemy leaders command radius just like normal ZOC.
MMP grants permission to photocopy charts and tables on this page for personal use only.
GaMEs OF THE GrEaT CaMpaIgns OF THE AMErICan CIvIL War SErIEs

Volume 1: Stonewall Jacksons Way (1992) Volume 2: Here Come the Rebels! (1993) Volume 3: Roads to Gettysburg (1994) Volume 4: Stonewall in the Valley (1995) Volume 5: Stonewalls Last Battle (1996) Volume 6: On to Richmond (1998) Volume 7: Grant Takes Command (2001) Skirmisher Module 1: Burnside Takes Command (2003) Skirmisher Module 2: Rebels in the White House (2003) Volume 8: Battle Above The Clouds (2009) Volume 9: All Green Alike (2013) Volume 10: Stonewall Jacksons Way redesign (2013)

GCACW Series Rules - Version 1-2

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Great Campaigns of the American Civil War

Standard Basic Game Rules Version 1.2

BAPTISM AT MANASSAS BY KEITH ROCCO

GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR WELCOME

GCACW TWENTY-TWO YEARS LATER

MULTIMAN PUBLISHING, INC. 2013

GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR TaBLE OF COnTEnTs

3.0 Basic Game Sequence Of Play ..................................... 6

4.0 The Action Cycle ......................................................... 7

5.0 Actions ......................................................................... 7

8.0 Recovery ...................................................................... 20 9.0 Entrenchments ............................................................ 21

6.0 March And Movement ................................................ 10

10.0 Bridges, Dams, And Ferries ......................................... 22

7.0 Combat ........................................................................ 12

11.0 Demoralization ........................................................... 24

12.0 R ain ............................................................................. 25

Setup Conversions ............................................................... 26 Limited Intelligence (Optional Rule).................................. 26

403 HEADQUARTERS DRIVE, SUITE 8, MILLERSVILLE, MD 21108

GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR

GCACW STanDarD BasIC GaME RuLEs, VErsIOn 1.2 1.0 InTrODuCTIOn

2.0 BasIC GaME COnCEpTs

MULTIMAN PUBLISHING, INC. 2013

GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR

SaMpLE UnITs COnTInuED

MILITarY UnIT (ArTILLErY) FrOnT

STrEngTH MarkEr FrOnT (OrganIZED) BaCk (DIsOrganIZED)

Manpower and Combat Value

MaXIMuM ManpOwEr VaLuE

GCACW UnITs: THru GranT TakEs COMManD

ArMY LEaDEr COrps Or DIvIsIOn LEaDEr

Command Value Tactical Value Name Organization

MILITarY UnIT (InFanTrY) MILITarY UnIT (CavaLrY)

MILITarY UnIT (InFanTrY) FrOnT

MILITarY UnIT (ArTILLErY)

403 HEADQUARTERS DRIVE, SUITE 8, MILLERSVILLE, MD 21108

GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR

2.5 COMManD RaDIus

2.3 THE Map MaJOr TErraIn

3.0 BasIC GaME SEQuEnCE OF PLaY

1. RanDOM EvEnTs PHasE

SpECIaL HEX/HEXsIDE FEaTurEs

2. LEaDEr TransFEr PHasE

3. THE ACTIOn CYCLE ACTIOn PHasE

2.4 ZOnEs OF COnTrOL

5. Turn InDICaTIOn PHasE

MULTIMAN PUBLISHING, INC. 2013

GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR

4.0 THE ACTIOn CYCLE

4.1 THE ACTIOn PHasE

4.2 THE InITIaTIvE SEgMEnT

4.4 EnDIng THE ACTIOn CYCLE

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GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR

EXTEnDED MarCH TaBLE MODIFIErs (aLL CuMuLaTIvE):

MULTIMAN PUBLISHING, INC. 2013

GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR

SpECIaL RuLE FOr On TO RICHMOnD

UnIOn DIE ROLL

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GREAT CAMPAIgNS OF THE AMERIcAN CIVIL WAR 5.3 AssauLT

5.4 Burn RR STaTIOn WHO MaY Burn RR STaTIOns

5.5 EnTrEnCHMEnT WHO MaY EnTrEnCH

6.0 MarCH AnD MOvEMEnT