Review on An OSPF Topology Server: Design and Evaluation

Aman Shaikh, Student Member, IEEE, Mukul Goyal, Al ert Green erg, Member, IEEE, !a"u !a"an, and #$#$ !amakrishnan, Member, IEEE %n this paper, the design and evaluation o& topology servers &or a single autonomous system 'AS( has een dis)ussed$ Moreover, design o& an OSPF topology server ased on oth approa)hes, advantages and disadvantages o& adopting oth the approa)hes have also een ela orated$
Abstract Keywords

topology ')ontrolled y OSPF( using the &ollo*ing t*o approa)hes: 'a( ' ( Management plane approa)h 3ontrol plane approa)h

SNMP, OSPF, Autonomous Sysytem, Shortest Path Tree (SPT), LSA (link state a vertisement)!
"! "NTRO#$%T"ON

""! O&'R&"'( OF OSPF

%P net*orks are e)oming a )ommon )ommodity &or mission )riti)al user re+uirements in *hi)h the net*ork is providing in)reased relia ility and support$ ,e* value added servi)es like -P,s, -..s or -o%P are &inding their appli)a ility on a glo al s)ale in an ever gro*ing &ield o& )ommuni)ations$ These value added servi)es re+uire high levels o& visi ility, predi)ta ility and relia ility in the net*ork/s routing topology$ %n large %P net*orks, )reating timely, a))urate and net*ork *ide vie*s o& the intra domain topology are &undamental )on)erns$ Foregone in vie*, a topology server thus e)omes a &undamental uilding lo)k &or net*ork management and *ill play a key role in ne0t generation net*orks$ 1ithin an Autonomous System, routing is )ontrolled y an %ntra domain routing proto)ol i$e$ .ink2state 'e$g$ OSPF( or Distan)e ve)tor routing proto)ol 'e$g$ !%P($ This paper *ill lay &o)us on a topology server using OSPF 'Open Shortest Path &irst( routing proto)ol$ An OSPF topology server tra)ks the net*ork level

OSPF is a link2state proto)ol in *hi)h every router learns entire net*ork topology and uses Di"kstra/s single sour)e shortest path algorithm to uild its &or*arding ta le$ !outer uilds Shortest Path Tree 'SPT( *ith itsel& as a root and starts )al)ulation o& Shortest Path &rom other nodes$ Pa)kets are &or*arded along shortest paths de&ined y link *eights$ OSPF allo*s domain to e divided into di&&erent areas &or s)ala ility$ These areas are num ered as 4, 5, 6 and so on$ Every link is assigned to e0a)tly one area and routers *ith links in multiple areas are )alled Area order routers 'A7!( or simply order routers$ Every router running OSPF is responsi le &or des)ri ing its lo)al )onne)tivity in a .ink state advertisement '.SA($ These .SAs are &looded relia ly to other routers in the net*ork *hi)h allo* them to uild the vie* o& the topology$ A Set o& .SAs in a router/s memory are )alled .ink State Data ase, *hi)h &orm the topology graph o& the router$ !outer .SAs are &looded only *ithin an area, there&ore a order router has to originate a separate .SA &or every area *ith *hi)h it is )onne)ted$

Design of Topology Server

T*o asi) approa)hes &or design o& the topology server are as &ollo*s: 'a( A management plane approa)h *hi)h involves speaking to the routers via Simple ,et*ork management Proto)ol 'S,MP($ ' ( A )ontrol plane approa)h *hi)h involves some level o& parti)ipation in OSPF$

45 44 32

levelB4 hea in. (in Small %a,s), ,ara.ra,h author name title

levelB3 hea in., levelB@ hea in., author a--iliation

"""! PA)' LA*O$T An easy way to +om,ly with the +on-eren+e ,a,er -ormattin. re/uirements is to use this o+ument as a tem,late an sim,ly ty,e your te0t into it! A. Page Layout *our ,a,er must use a ,a.e si1e +orres,on in. to A2 whi+h is 345mm (6!378) wi e an 397mm (44!:98) lon.! The mar.ins must ;e set as -ollows< To, = 49mm (5!7>8) ?ottom = 2@mm (4!:98) Le-t = Ri.ht = 42!@3mm (5!>:8) *our ,a,er must ;e in two +olumn -ormat with a s,a+e o2!33mm (5!478) ;etween +olumns! "&! PA)' ST*L' All ,ara.ra,hs must ;e in ente ! All ,ara.ra,hs must ;e Austi-ie , i!e! ;oth le-tBAusti-ie an ri.htBAusti-ie ! A. Text Font of Entire Document The entire o+ument shoul ;e in Times New Roman or Times -ont! Ty,e @ -onts must not ;e use ! Other -ont ty,es may ;e use i- nee e -or s,e+ial ,ur,oses! Re+ommen e -ont si1es are shown in Ta;le 4! B. Title and Author Details Title must ;e in 32 ,t Re.ular -ont! Author name must ;e in 44 ,t Re.ular -ont! Author a--iliation must ;e in 45 ,t "tali+! 'mail a ress must ;e in 9 ,t %ourier Re.ular -ont!
TA?L' " FONT S"C'S FOR PAP'RS

All title an author etails must ;e in sin.leB+olumn -ormat an must ;e +entere ! 'very wor in a title must ;e +a,itali1e e0+e,t -or short minor wor s su+h as DaE, DanE, Dan E, DasE, DatE, D;yE, D-orE, D-romE, Di-E, DinE, DintoE, DonE, DorE, Do-E, DtheE, DtoE, DwithE! Author etails must not show any ,ro-essional title (e!.! Mana.in. #ire+tor), any a+a emi+ title (e!.! #r!) or any mem;ershi, o- any ,ro-essional or.ani1ation (e!.! Senior Mem;er "''')! To avoi +on-usion, the -amily name must ;e written as the last ,art o- ea+h author name (e!.! Fohn A!G! Smith)! 'a+h a--iliation must in+lu e, at the very least, the name othe +om,any an the name o- the +ountry where the author is ;ase (e!.! %ausal Pro u+tions Pty Lt , Australia)! 'mail a ress is +om,ulsory -or the +orres,on in. author! C. ection !eadings No more than @ levels o- hea in.s shoul ;e use ! All hea in.s must ;e in 45,t -ont! 'very wor in a hea in. must ;e +a,itali1e e0+e,t -or short minor wor s as liste in Se+tion """B?! "# Le$el%" !eading< A levelB4 hea in. must ;e in Small %a,s, +entere an num;ere usin. u,,er+ase Roman numerals! For e0am,le, see hea in. D"""! Pa.e StyleE o- this o+ument! The two levelB4 hea in.s whi+h must not ;e num;ere are DA+knowle .mentE an DRe-eren+esE! &# Le$el%& !eading' A levelB3 hea in. must ;e in "tali+, le-tBAusti-ie an num;ere usin. an u,,er+ase al,ha;eti+ letter -ollowe ;y a ,erio ! For e0am,le, see hea in. D%! Se+tion Hea in.sE a;ove! (# Le$el%( !eading' A levelB@ hea in. must ;e in ente , in "tali+ an num;ere with an Ara;i+ numeral -ollowe ;y a ri.ht ,arenthesis! The levelB@ hea in. must en with a +olon! The ;o y o- the levelB@ se+tion imme iately -ollows the levelB @ hea in. in the same ,ara.ra,h! For e0am,le, this ,ara.ra,h ;e.ins with a levelB@ hea in.! D. Figures and Ta)les Fi.ures an ta;les must ;e +entere in the +olumn! Lar.e -i.ures an ta;les may s,an a+ross ;oth +olumns! Any ta;le or -i.ure that takes u, more than 4 +olumn wi th must ;e ,ositione either at the to, or at the ;ottom o- the ,a.e! )ra,hi+s may ;e -ull +olor! All +olors will ;e retaine on the %#ROM! )ra,hi+s must not use sti,,le -ill ,atterns ;e+ause they may not ;e re,ro u+e ,ro,erly! Please use only *L+D F+LL +olors whi+h +ontrast well ;oth on s+reen an on a ;la+kBan Bwhite har +o,y, as shown in Fi.! 4!

Font Size 6

Appearance (in Time New Roman or Times) Regular Bold Italic ta;le +a,tion (in re-eren+e item Small %a,s), (,artial) -i.ure +a,tion, re-eren+e item author email a ress a;stra+t a;stra+t hea in. (in %ourier), ;o y (also in ?ol ) +ell in a ta;le

Fi.! 4 A sam,le line .ra,h usin. +olors whi+h +ontrast well ;oth on s+reen an on a ;la+kBan Bwhite har +o,y

Fi.! 3 shows an e0am,le o- a lowBresolution ima.e whi+h woul not ;e a++e,ta;le, whereas Fi.! @ shows an e0am,le oan ima.e with a e/uate resolution! %he+k that the resolution is a e/uate to reveal the im,ortant etail in the -i.ure! Please +he+k all -i.ures in your ,a,er ;oth on s+reen an on a ;la+kBan Bwhite har +o,y! (hen you +he+k your ,a,er on a ;la+kBan Bwhite har +o,y, ,lease ensure that< the +olors use in ea+h -i.ure +ontrast well, the ima.e use in ea+h -i.ure is +lear, all te0t la;els in ea+h -i.ure are le.i;le! E. Figure Ca,tions Fi.ures must ;e num;ere usin. Ara;i+ numerals! Fi.ure +a,tions must ;e in 6 ,t Re.ular -ont! %a,tions o- a sin.le line (e!.! Fi.! 3) must ;e +entere whereas multiBline +a,tions must ;e Austi-ie (e!.! Fi.! 4)! %a,tions with -i.ure num;ers must ;e ,la+e a-ter their asso+iate -i.ures, as shown in Fi.! 4!

Fi.! @ '0am,le o- an ima.e with a++e,ta;le resolution

F. Ta)le Ca,tions Ta;les must ;e num;ere usin. u,,er+ase Roman numerals! Ta;le +a,tions must ;e +entre an in 6 ,t Re.ular -ont with Small %a,s! 'very wor in a ta;le +a,tion must ;e +a,itali1e e0+e,t -or short minor wor s as liste in Se+tion """B?! %a,tions with ta;le num;ers must ;e ,la+e ;e-ore their asso+iate ta;les, as shown in Ta;le 4! -. Page .um)ers/ !eaders and Footers Pa.e num;ers, hea ers an -ooters must not ;e use ! !. Lin0s and Boo0mar0s All hy,erte0t links an se+tion ;ookmarks will ;e remove -rom ,a,ers urin. the ,ro+essin. o- ,a,ers -or ,u;li+ation! "- you nee to re-er to an "nternet email a ress or $RL in your ,a,er, you must ty,e out the a ress or $RL -ully in Re.ular -ont!

Fi.! 3 '0am,le o- an una++e,ta;le lowBresolution ima.e

+. 1eferences The hea in. o- the Re-eren+es se+tion must not ;e num;ere ! All re-eren+e items must ;e in 6 ,t -ont! Please use Re.ular an "tali+ styles to istin.uish i--erent -iel s as shown in the Re-eren+es se+tion! Num;er the re-eren+e items +onse+utively in s/uare ;ra+kets (e!.! I4J)! (hen re-errin. to a re-eren+e item, ,lease sim,ly use the re-eren+e num;er, as in I3J! #o not use DRe-! I@JE or DRe-eren+e I@JE e0+e,t at the ;e.innin. o- a senten+e, e!.! DRe-eren+e I@J shows KE! Multi,le re-eren+es are ea+h num;ere with se,arate ;ra+kets (e!.! I3J, I@J, I2JLI:J)! '0am,les o- re-eren+e items o- i--erent +ate.ories shown in the Re-eren+es se+tion in+lu e< e0am,le o- a ;ook in I4J e0am,le o- a ;ook in a series in I3J e0am,le o- a Aournal arti+le in I@J e0am,le o- a +on-eren+e ,a,er in I2J e0am,le o- a ,atent in I>J e0am,le o- a we;site in I:J e0am,le o- a we; ,a.e in I7J e0am,le o- a ata;ook as a manual in I6J e0am,le o- a atasheet in I9J e0am,le o- a masterMs thesis in I45J e0am,le o- a te+hni+al re,ort in I44J e0am,le o- a stan ar in I43J &! %ON%L$S"ONS The version o- this tem,late is &3! Most o- the -ormattin. instru+tions in this o+ument have ;een +om,ile ;y %ausal Pro u+tions -rom the "''' LaTeN style -iles! %ausal Pro u+tions o--ers ;oth A2 tem,lates an $S Letter tem,lates -or LaTeN an Mi+roso-t (or ! The LaTeN tem,lates e,en on the o--i+ial "'''tran!+ls an "'''tran!;st -iles, whereas the Mi+roso-t (or tem,lates are sel-B+ontaine !

%ausal Pro u+tions has use its ;est e--orts to ensure that the tem,lates have the same a,,earan+e! A%GNO(L'#)M'NT The hea in. o- the A+knowle .ment se+tion an the Re-eren+es se+tion must not ;e num;ere ! %ausal Pro u+tions wishes to a+knowle .e Mi+hael Shell an other +ontri;utors -or evelo,in. an maintainin. the "''' LaTeN style -iles whi+h have ;een use in the ,re,aration o- this tem,late! To see the list o- +ontri;utors, ,lease re-er to the to, o- -ile "'''Tran!+ls in the "''' LaTeN istri;ution! R'F'R'N%'S
I4J I3J I@J I2J I>J I:J I7J I6J I9J I45J I44J I43J S! M! Metev an &! P! &eiko, Laser Assisted 2icrotechnology, 3n e !, R! M! Os.oo , Fr!, ' ! ?erlin, )ermany< S,rin.erB&erla., 4996! F! ?re+klin., ' !, The Analysis of Directional Time eries' A,,lications to 3ind ,eed and Direction , ser! Le+ture Notes in Statisti+s! ?erlin, )ermany< S,rin.er, 4969, vol! :4! S! Chan., %! Chu, F! G! O! Sin, an P! G! T! Mok, DA novel ultrathin elevate +hannel lowBtem,erature ,olyBSi TFT,E +EEE Electron De$ice Lett., vol! 35, ,,! >:9L>74, Nov! 4999! M! (e.muller, F! P! von er (ei , P! O;erson, an N! )isin, DHi.h resolution -i;er istri;ute measurements with +oherent OF#R,E in Proc. EC*C455, 3555, ,a,er 44!@!2, ,! 459! R! '! Sora+e, &! S! Reinhar t, an S! A! &au.hn, DHi.hBs,ee i.italB toBRF +onverter,E $!S! Patent > ::6 623, Se,t! 4:, 4997! (3553) The "''' we;site! IOnlineJ! Availa;le< htt,<OOwww!ieee!or.O M! Shell! (3553) "'''tran home,a.e on %TAN! IOnlineJ! Availa;le< htt,<OOwww!+tan!or.Ote0B ar+hiveOma+rosOlate0O+ontri;Osu,,orte O"'''tranO FLE6Chi, ignal Processor 72C89":;<D#, Motorola, 499:! DP#%A43B75 ata sheet,E O,to S,ee SA, Me11ovi+o, Swit1erlan ! A! Garnik, DPer-orman+e o- T%P +on.estion +ontrol with rate -ee ;a+k< T%POA?R an rate a a,tive T%PO"P,E M! 'n.! thesis, "n ian "nstitute o- S+ien+e, ?an.alore, "n ia, Fan! 4999! F! Pa hye, &! Firoiu, an #! Towsley, DA sto+hasti+ mo el o- T%P Reno +on.estion avoi an+e an +ontrol,E $niv! o- Massa+husetts, Amherst, MA, %MPS%" Te+h! Re,! 99B53, 4999! 3ireless LA. 2edium Access Control 72AC# and Physical Layer 7P!=# ,ecification, "''' St ! 653!44, 4997!