PHYSICS FIRST SEMESTER FINAL REVIEW PACKET Part I Motion Answer the following questions and explain why:

1. Can two cars moving with the same velocity collide? 2. What does it mean when we say the speed is uniform? 3. What does it mean when we say the acceleration is uniform? 4. Can you accelerate if you are traveling at a uniform speed? 5. What is a free-fall? 6. If an object is thrown straight up with an initial speed, can its final speed be greater than the initial speed when it comes back down to the same elevation? 7. Ignoring air resistance, an object thrown straight up will decelerate at a constant rate until ___________. 8. Ignoring air resistance, will the time it takes for an object thrown up to reach its maximum height be the same as the time it takes to come back down to its original elevation? 9. How can you make a real free-fall on Earth? 10. Is it right to say that an object in free-fall has a constant velocity? 11. Is it right to say that an object in free-fall has a constant acceleration? 12. What will its velocity be when an object thrown up reaches the top of its path? 13. Is it right to say that an object in Free Fall increases it speed by 9.81m/s every second? 14. Use the diagram below for the following questions:
Displacement (m)

a. What is the objects speed between 1 and 2 sec? b. When is the object motionless? c. What is the objects speed between 4 and 5 sec? d. When does the object travel its fastest? e. When is the object moving toward its starting point?

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 Time (s) 4 6

15. A ball is thrown straight up and then falls straight back down. What is the balls velocity when it attains its maximum height? 16. If you travel 15.0 m north and then 5 m south, what is your total displacement? 17. If you travel 15.0 m north and then 5 m south, what is your total distance traveled? 18. Whats the difference between velocity and speed? 19. What is the displacement of an object at rest? 20. What is acceleration? 21. When there is no air resistance, will objects of different masses fall at equal accelerations with equal displacements? 22. Which of the graphs below represents non-uniform acceleration? (a) graph A (b) graph B (c) graph C (d) graph D (e) graph E
A v __________ t x __________ t B x _________ t C v __________ t D a __________ t E

23. When a dog taps a ball at rest with its paw, the ball travels for 0.10 min and has a final velocity of 4.98m/s. What is the average acceleration of the ball? 24. You stop your car at a stop sign, and then you step on the gas to accelerate at a constant rate of 2.50 m/s2. How long will it take you to cover a distance of 50.0 m?

25. A car accelerates at a rate of 4.00 m/s2 for 40.0 meters. If the initial speed is 3.22 m/s, what is the final velocity at the end of the 40.0 meters? 26. A girl tosses a beanbag straight up with an initial velocity of 4.5 m/s. How long will it take to reach its maximum height, and what is the maximum height? Use the diagram below to answer questions 27 30.

27. What is the average speed of the cyclist? 27. What is the average speed of the roller coaster? 28. During which interval is the roller coaster's speed the greatest? 29. Which graph shows a constant speed? 30. Some graphs are shown below, what kind of motion is described in each graph?

31. What kind of motion is described by each of the following graphs?

32. What kind of motion is described in each graph?

33. A car is moving along at a constant speed when we start our timers. Some time later it begins to accelerate at a constant rate for a while, then goes for another while at the new, higher speed, finally hitting the brakes and slowing to a stop at a constant rate. What does the graph of velocity vs. time look like for this sequence of events? 34. A car is moving along at a constant speed when we start our timers. Some time later it begins to accelerate at a constant rate for a while, then goes for another while at the new, higher speed, finally hitting the brakes and slowing to a stop at a constant rate. What does the graph of distance vs. time look like for this sequence of events? 35. An object is dropped from rest. At the end of the first second it will be falling at 10 m/s. a) How fast will it be falling at the end of 2 sec? b) How fast will it be falling at the end of 5 sec? c) How fast was it falling at the end of 1/2 sec? 36. An object is dropped from rest. In the first second it falls 5 meters. a) How far will it fall in 2 seconds? b) How far will it fall in 5 seconds? c) How far will it fall in the first 1/2 sec?

37. If a car is traveling at 20 m/s, and it travels at that speed for 3 minutes, how far will it have traveled? 38. A ball starts from rest and then rolls down a slope with an acceleration of 2 m/s2. If it rolls at that rate for 3 seconds, how far will it have gone? 39. In order to open the clam it catches, a seagull will drop the clam repeatedly onto a hard surface from high in the air until the shell cracks. If the seagull flies to a height of 25 m, how long will the clam take to fall to the ground? 40. Some units are given below. Match them with the quantities on the right. 4. m/s3 1. m 2. m/s 3. m/s2 A. acceleration B. distance C. velocity D. none of these 41. Some equations are given below. Which are the correct ones? d = vt d = at2 d = vt d = at v = at a = v / t a = d / t v = a/t Part II Newtons Laws Answer the following questions and explain why: 1. Which of the following are vectors and which are scalars? mass, length, speed, work, energy, force, weight, friction, displacement, velocity, and acceleration 2. Which of Newtons laws governs when a tablecloth is pulled out from under a setting of glassware without breaking it? 3. Which of Newtons laws governs when a rocket is launched by burning fuel? 4. Which of Newtons laws relates acceleration to mass? 5. According to Newton's Third Law of Motion, what is the reaction when a hammer strikes and exerts a force on a nail? 6. Can acceleration remain constant when an objects speed is changing? 7. Can kinetic energy remain constant when an objects speed is changing? 8. A volleyball player hits a volleyball with a force of 50 N. What is the force on the players hand? Questions 9 and 10 refer to the diagram below:

9. In which case will the object have the greatest acceleration? 10. In which case will the object have the least acceleration? 11. Two forces of magnitude 5 N and 8 N respectively act on a body. What is the maximum possible magnitude of the resultant of these forces? 12. A force F is used to pull a body, which is suspended from a string, to one side as shown in the diagram to the right. The body is in equilibrium. Draw a vector diagram that represents all the forces acting on the body? 13. A horizontal force of 25 N is exerted on a box (mass 10. kg), as shown in the diagram. The box accelerates at 1.5 m/s2. What is the magnitude of the frictional force acting between the box and the floor? 14. A bus is moving along a level road at a constant velocity. An object drops from the mid-point of the ceiling inside the bus. Where on the floor will the object land? 15. A car initially moving east, slows down as the brakes are applied. Give the correct direction for the car's velocity v, acceleration a, and the resultant force F acting on the car while it is slowing down. 16. A passenger is riding a roller coaster. (a) The passengers body bouncing back into his seat after hitting the lap bar is an example of which of Newton's Laws in action?

(b) The amount of force of the passenger as he hits the lap bar is an example of which of Newton's Laws in action? (c) Which of Newton's Laws would allow the passenger to fly right out of his seat if he did not have a lap belt over him and the roller coaster suddenly stopped? 17. A lady is accelerating her shopping cart when her son begins to push in the same direction, effectively doubling the net force on the shopping cart. What happens to the carts acceleration? 18. A lady is accelerating her shopping cart when her son throws a bag of groceries into the cart, effectively doubling its mass. If the lady continues to push in the same way, what happens to the carts acceleration? 19. A lady and her son are accelerating a shopping cart. Each person is pushing with the same force in the same direction. If the son gets into the cart, effectively doubling its mass, and the lady continues to push in the same way, what happens to the carts acceleration? 20. What is the net force needed to accelerate a 1 kg physics book with an acceleration of 10 m/s2 21. Suppose a rock is accelerated through space by a constant 10 N net force. Suddenly, the rock encounters a second force of 10 N in a direction opposite to that of the first force. What will happen to the rocks motion? 22. Jill holds an apple at rest on the palm of her hand. Identify the action-reaction pair, and compare the forces exerted by each object. 23. How can an object maintain a constant speed if friction is acting on it? 24. Does Newton's 1st Law of Motion (inertia) apply to objects at rest, objects in motion, or both? 25. Does a 2-kg rock have twice the mass of a 1-kg rock? Twice the inertia? Twice the weight when both are at the same location? 26. If you were in a spaceship and fired a cannon into frictionless space, how much force would have to be exerted on the cannon ball in order to keep it moving? 27. Mass and weight are just different ways of describing the same thing. (True or False) 28. An elephant and a cat are traveling towards you in outer space. If they are moving at the same speed, which has the greater effect on you when it bumps into you? 29. How much weight does a 2-kg apple have here on Earth? 30. How much weight does a 2-kg apple have in orbit inside the space shuttle? 31. When a hammer exerts a force on a nail, how does the amount of force felt by the nail compare to the force felt by the hammer? 32. When you walk along the floor, what force actually moves you? 33. When your fist meets someone else's chin, which feels the greater force, chin or fist? 34. An automobile runs into a bicycle. During this unfortunate collision, which feels the greater force? 35. A bicycle runs into a stationary automobile. Which feels the greater force in this collision? 36. What is the net force if there is a 50-N force acting to the right, and a 20-N force acting to the left? 37. What is the net force when there is a 50-N force acting to the right and a 20-N force acting to the right? Part III Circular Motion 1. Is an object moving in a circle at constant speed accelerating? 2. What do we call the force that causes an object to move in a circle? 3. What is the direction of the force that acts on clothes in the spin cycle of a washing machine? 4. Knowing what you know about uniform circular motion and physics, when riders in a Rotor hang with their backs against the wall as the chamber rotates, what keeps them from falling down? 5. You attach a ball to a string, and swing it around in a circle very quickly. If you can keep the speed of the ball constant as you pull the string in, what happens to the force transmitted to you by the string? 6. If the string suddenly breaks, what does the path of the ball look like before it hits the window a few feet away? 7. If you make the ball go twice as fast, by how much does the balls centripetal acceleration change? 8. In order to make the ball go twice as fast, how much more centripetal force must you apply? 9. Is it theoretically possible to rotate a very large cylindrical space station around its central axis at just the right speed so that people living inside the cylinder will experience a force that feels like gravity? 10. A plane is flying in a circle at constant speed. What is the direction of the planes acceleration? What is the direction of the net force on the plane?

11. If the plane changes the radius of the circle so that the radius triples, how does the centripetal force on the plane change? 12. Which has a greater linear speed, a horse near the outside rail of a merry-go-round or a horse near the inside rail? 13. Applying a force to an object perpendicular to the direction of its motion causes the object to change direction but not speed. Give one example. 14. You are running in a circle with a radius of 20 meters and a tangential speed of 4 m/s. What is your acceleration? 15. If a space station has a radius of 750 m, what linear speed would a point on the rim need to have so that a person standing at the outside rim would experience normal artificial gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2)? 16. A ball with a mass of 25.0 g is being whirled in a horizontal circle on the end of a string 1 m long. If the tangential speed of the ball is 9.50 m/s, what is the tension in the string? 17. A 50.0 kg object is placed 2.00 m from a 40.0 kg object. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force between them? (G = 6.67310-11 Nm2/kg2) 18. Calculate the mass that a planet with the same radius as Earth (6.37106 m) would need in order to exert a force of 650 N on a 50.0 kg person. Part IV Momentum 1. Can a basketball have more momentum than a car? Why? 2. What are the 2 possible units for momentum? 3. When is linear momentum conserved? 4. How do you decide the direction of momentum and the direction of momentum change? 5. Which object has more inertia, a 1 kg object moving at 4 m/s or a 2 kg object moving at 1 m/s? 6. Which object has more momentum (is harder to stop), a 1 kg object moving at 4 m/s or a 2 kg object moving at 1 m/s? 7. In terms of impulse, impact force, and impact time, compare a thrown egg that hits a wall and breaks, and a thrown egg that is caught by a student and survives. 8. When a bug collides with the windshield of a car, the change in momentum of the bug is ______________ the change of momentum of the car. the impulse of the bug is _______________ the impulse of the car. the velocity change of the bug is ___________________ the velocity change of the car. the acceleration of the bug is ___________________ the acceleration of the car. 9. What is the mass of an object moving at 12 m/s whose momentum is 48 kgm/s? 10. What is the speed of a 5 kg object whose momentum is 20 kgm/s? 11. Two identical objects are accelerated from rest. Object A is acted on by a force of 10 N for 10s. How long must a 400 N force act on object B for it to undergo the same change in momentum? 12. A 3 kg mass moving at 5 m/s slides across a floor and comes to rest in 5 s. What was the friction force acting on the mass? 13. A 500 kg car traveling at 8 m/s, east, strikes a stationary 1500 kg truck. They interlock as a result of the collision and move off as one. What is their velocity? 14. A 500 kg car moving at 8m/s, north, strikes a 1500 kg truck moving at 4 m/s, south. After the collision, the velocity of the car is 6 m/s, south. What is the velocity of the truck after the collsion? 15. A 5 N force acts on a 2 kg object for 10 sec. What will be the change in velocity? 16. A 2,000 kg truck is acted upon by a force that decreases its speed from 10 m/s to 4 m/s in 3 sec. What is the magnitude of the force? 17. A child is on a sled moving down a hill at 20 m/s. The combined mass of the sled and child is 100 kg. The momentum of the child and sled is 18. A girl with a mass of 35 kg initially stands on a floating 85 kg raft at rest. If the girl jumps off the raft with a velocity of 5 m/s, what would be the final velocity of the raft? 19. A tennis ball, initially at rest, leaves a racket with a speed of 50 m/s. If the ball's mass is 0.06 kg and it is in contact with the racket for 0.05 s, what is the average force on the ball?

20. A moving freight car collides with an identical freight car at rest on the same track, and the cars couple together. Compared to the speed of the first car before the collision, what is the speed of the coupled cars after the collision? Part V Work, Power and Energy Answer the following questions and explain why: 1. A Force F acts on an object with a mass of 5 kg as it moves a distance of 5 m. If F is perpendicular to the 5 m displacement, what is the work done? 2. A box with a mass of m slides down a frictionless inclined plane of length L and vertical height h. What is the change in its gravitational potential energy? 3. While a person lifts a book with a mass of 1 kg from the floor to a tabletop, 1 m above the floor, how much work does the gravitational force do on the book? 4. A girl runs up one flight of steps. Which factors will affect the work done by the girl against gravity? 5. A girl weighing 380 N runs up a flight of stairs (height 5 m) in a time of 4 seconds. What is the horsepower of her legs? 6. Two balls of different masses are released at the same time from the same height above the ground. What will be the same for the 2 balls after 1 second, if frictional effects are ignored? 7. An object moving in a straight line with a constant velocity has kinetic energy E. If the speed of the object is doubled, what will happen to its kinetic energy? 8. A person lifts a heavy load to a vertical height of 2.0 m in 2 seconds. If he/she had done this more slowly in 4 seconds, will the work on the load be different? 9. A ball is projected vertically upwards and then returns to the ground. Ignoring all frictional forces, is the kinetic energy always equal to the potential energy? 10. An object moving at a constant speed of 5 m/s possesses 150 J of KE. What is the objects mass? 11. A block with a mass of 5 kg slides down a frictionless inclined plane with a length of 10 m and height of 6 m. If the block is released from rest at the top of the incline, what is its speed at the bottom? 12. A block with a mass of 5 kg slides down an inclined plane with a length of 10 m and height of 6 m. If the force of friction on the block is a constant 10 N as it slides from rest at the top of the incline, what is its speed at the bottom? 13. At what height above the ground must a mass of 10 kg be to have a potential energy equal in value to the kinetic energy possessed by a mass of 10 kg moving with a velocity of 20 m/s? 14. A construction worker pushes a wheelbarrow 10 m with a horizontal force of 50.0 N. How much work is done by the worker on the wheelbarrow? 15. What is the kinetic energy of a 0.135 kg baseball thrown at 35.0 m/s? 16. A worker pushes a wheelbarrow with a horizontal force of 50.0 N over a level distance of 5.0 m. If a frictional force of 43 N acts on the wheelbarrow in a direction opposite to that of the worker, what net work is done on the wheelbarrow? 17. A 5.00 kg ball falls from a height of 15.0 m. Disregarding air resistance, what will be its kinetic energy just before it hits the ground? 18. What is the average power supplied by a 60.0 kg secretary running up a flight of stairs rising vertically 4.0 m in 4.2 s? 19. What is the average power output of a weight lifter who can lift 250 kg 2.0 m in 2.0 s? 20. A 50 kg firefighter is on a ladder 10 m above the ground. When the firefighter descends to 5 m above the ground, the firefighters gravitational potential energy will decrease by __________ 21. A high diver steps off a diving platform that is 10 m above the water. If no air resistance is present, will there be a decrease in the divers total mechanical energy during the fall? Significant figures 1. What is the number of significant figures for the following 3 numbers: 500, 5.00105, and 5.005108? 2. When the calculation (345)(0.0035)(0.0128) is performed, the answer should be reported to how many significant figures? 3. How many digits after the decimal point should be reported when the calculation (123.4+3.415 + 45.05) is performed?