Subject: Grade:

Chemistry 11

Type of Lesson: CSEC OBJ:

Demonstration Students should understand the conditions under which an electric current can be used to bring about a chemical change. Electrochemistry The !!lications o" Electrolysis

Term: Durat on:

IV 80 minutes

UNIT: Lesson: !" #ee$: "

Objectives s a result o" this lesson# you will be able to: 1$ list the industrial a!!lications o" electrolysis. %$ describe each industrial a!!lication o" electrolysis. Prerequisite Student Knowledge &ou should be "amiliar with: 1$ the electrolysis o" a 'ariety o" solutions. %$ the electrolysis o" reactions using acti'e electrodes. Important Points Im!ortant !oints in this lesson: 1$ There are se'eral a!!lications o" electrolysis: a. nodi(ing b. Electro!lating c. )uri"ication o" metals * Electrore"ining d. E+traction o" metals Key Terms Electro!lating nodi(ing )uri"ication o" metals

Challenge Areas ,i'e two reasons why anodi(ed aluminium is used "or the masts o" windsur"ing boards.

quipment!"aterial #eeded -ea.ers# co!!er electrodes# a/ueous co!!er sul!hate# nic.el electrode# a nail# electrical wires# battery# aluminium s!oon# gra!hite electrode# dilute sul!huric acid #ote to Student Ensure that each a!!lication is clearly understood to !re'ent con"usion.

Introduction 1$ Introductory %ct & ty a. 0e'iew the electrolysis o" co!!er 1II$ sul!hate solution using acti'e electrodes. i. Can you recall the reactions at the electrodes2 3rite on the chal.board an e/uation "or the reaction at each electrode. Bo' !"(!: E'p)anat on of obser&at ons of e)ectro)ys s of copper *II+ su)p,ate so)ut on a. Since the anode seems to be disa!!earing# it suggests that it is being used u! in the reaction. The co!!er anode is there"ore called an acti'e electrode. b. The cathode a!!ears to be getting thic.er since co!!er is being de!osited there. c. It is on this !rinci!le that the !uri"ication o" metals is based. The !rocess is also re"erred to as electrore"ining.

b. The diagram below shows the electrore"ining o" im!ure nic.el. 4ote the nature o" the electrodes# the electrolyte used and the reactions occurring at each electrode.

$ig %&'%( Puri)ication o) nic*el ore +ody o) ,esson 1$ E)ectrop)at na. In this !rocess# a metallic ob5ect is coated with a thin layer o" another metal. This is accom!lished through electrolysis and is o"ten used to !re'ent corrosion or to ma.e an ob5ect more attracti'e. &our teacher will demonstrate this "or you. Bo' !"(.: E)ectrop)at n- process a. The electrolytic cell is set u! with the sub5ect to be !lated connected to the negati'e end o" the battery. The metal that is being used to !late the ob5ect is connected to the !ositi'e end o" the battery. In this case the anode is made o" nic.el and the cathode is a nail. The electrolyte is a/ueous nic.el1II$ sul!hate. b. The anode becomes acti'e and the nic.el metal loses electrons to become nic.el ions. t the cathode# the nic.el ions "rom the solution o" nic.el1II$ sul!hate gain electrons to become nic.el metal which becomes de!osited on the nail. The nail is said to be electro!lated. c. 4ic.el 6 !lated ob5ects are usually then !lated with chromium or sil'er "or a more attracti'e "inish.

i. Draw a sim!le line diagram to re!resent the electrolytic cell. ii. 3rite ionic e/uations to e+!lain what is ha!!ening at each electrode. iii. -ased on what was discussed# describe how the s!oon in the diagram below is electro!lated.

/ -( !"(.: %n E)ectrop)at n- Ce)) %$ %nod s na. This is a method o" coating ob5ects such as window "rames and sauce!ans to ma.e them resistant to corrosion. luminium ob5ects are handled in this way since aluminium readily "orms a coating o" aluminium o+ide which is resistant to corrosion and readily absorbs dyes so the ob5ects can be attracti'ely coloured. b. In this electrolytic !rocess# the anode is the aluminium ob5ect# the cathode is !latinum or gra!hite and the electrolyte is dilute sul!huric acid. The electrolytic cell is connected with the a!!aratus suggested and the electrodes are care"ully obser'ed. -ubbles o" a gas are obser'ed at the anode. Can you e+!lain this2 7ydro+ide ions "rom water are discharged and they lose electrons to "orm water and o+ygen gas. i. 3rite a balanced ionic e/uation to show this reaction. ii. -ubbles o" gas will also be seen at the cathode. 3hat would be your reason "or this2 3rite an ionic e/uation to re!resent the reaction ta.ing !lace at the cathode. iii. It is the o+ygen liberated at the anode that will react with aluminium to "orm the aluminium o+ide coating. 8$ E'tract on of meta)s a. Very reacti'e metals are obtained "rom their ores or com!ounds using electrolysis. This will be discussed in greater detail in the ne+t lesson.

Important Point It is the oxygen liberated at the anode that will react with aluminium to form the aluminium oxide coating.

Closure In0C)ass %ss -nments 1$ In your noteboo.# draw sim!le line diagrams to re!resent each industrial a!!lication o" electrolysis.

Out0of0C)ass %ss -nment In your noteboo.# answer the "ollowing /uestions: 1$ I" you want to !uri"y a metal by electrolysis# will you ma.e it the anode or the cathode2 3hy2 %$ 3hat does anodi(ing mean. -rie"ly describe the !rocess. 8$ &ou decide to electro!late steel cutlery with nic.el. a$ 3hat will the anode be2 b$ 3hat will the cathode be2 c$ Suggest a suitable electrolyte. Supplemental G)ossary of Terms E)ectrop)at n%nod 1 n2ur f cat on of meta)s Select this te+t# delete and start ty!ing the meaning here Select this te+t# delete and start ty!ing the meaning here Select this te+t# delete and start ty!ing the meaning here

CSEC 3uest ons 1$ 3ith the aid o" a "ully labeled diagram# show how an iron rod can be electro!lated with chromium# using a/ueous chromium 1III$ nitrate as the electrolyte. 3rite ionic e/uations to re!resent the reactions ta.ing !lace at the electrodes.1%009$ 4ecommended 5ater a)s www.btinternet.com:;chemistry.diagrams:anodising.htm www.btinternet.com:;chemistry.diagrams:electrore"ining www.chemcool.com:regents:o+idationreduction:aim<.htm

B b) o-rap,y 1. =erguson# >. ? 7art# 0. 11@@<$ CAC Chemistry# B+"ord Cni'ersity )ress %. ,allagher# 0. D. ? Ingram# ). 11@@E$ Com!lete Chemistry# B+"ord Cni'ersity )ress 8. Tindale# nne 11@@8$ Chemistry 6 concise 0e'ision Course "or CAC# Stanley Thornes )ublishers Ftd. <. 7olderness# .# Fambert# >.# Thom!son# >. >. 11@8E$ 4ew Certi"icate Chemistry Si+th Edition# 7einemann Educational -oo.s