ETAP

ETAP
5.
5.
0
0
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc.
Transformer MVA Sizing
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 2
Transformer MVA Sizing
Based on ANSI C57 and IEC 60076 standards
Considers multiple cooling stages and transformer
types (3-phase & 1-phase)
Considers altitude correction factors
Considers temperature correction factors
Load variation
Considers short-circuit impedance requirements
Use connected load or operating load to size the
transformer
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 3
MVA Sizing Page
Transformer
MVA Loading
Short-Circuit
Impedance
limits Correction
Factors & Load
Variation
Sizing Results
Section
Larger
Required
Smaller
Impedance
Consider
Growth Factor
for Max. MVA
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 4
Temperature Correction
Ambient temperature in degree Celsius
For air cooled transformers use the air
ambient temperature
For water cooled transformers use the water
temperature
Based on C57.92-1981 and IEC 76-2
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 5
Altitude Correction
Derate the transformer capacity based on
altitude of the installation
Derating starts above 1000 m or 3300 ft
Based on C57.92-1981 and IEC 76-2
1000
meter
1100
meter
900
meter
800
meter
1200
meter
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 6
Load Variation
Growth Factor
Allowance for future load growth
Load Factor
The ratio of the average load to the peak load
over a designated period of time
Load Factor = 100 x ( kW
i
x T
i
) / ( kW
p
x T
t
)%
Load Factor = 100 x E / ( kW
i
x T
t
)%
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 7
Where:
I = interval of time when the load is non-zero
kW
i
= load at interval i
T
i
= number of hours of interval i
kW
p
= peak load
T
t
= T
on
+ T
off
T
on
= total hours when the load is on
T
off
= total hours when the load is off
E = energy (kWh) consumed by load over the
interval
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 8
Short-Circuit Impedance
Size Requirement
Use Primary Short-Circuit kA and FLA to
Calculate Impedance
Primary 3-Phase FLA = MVA / (kV
LL
*3)
Primary 1-Phase FLA= MVA / (kV
primary
)
Z
calculated
=100*(FLA
primary
/ I
SC_primary
)
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 9
Connected or Operating Load
Connected Load
Determine the radial load connected to the transformer
secondary
Can include spare loads for conservative results
Operating Load
PowerStations load flow program determines the power
flow through the transformer
Automatically updated in the transformer required MVA
field (load flow study case info page option)
Can determine loading in radial or looped systems
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 10
Sizing Results and
Automatic Updating
Sizing results include MVA and % Z for
Required Size (Actual calculated Size)
Next Standard Larger Size
Next Standard Smaller Size
Automatically Update the calculated rated
MVA, Max MVA and % Z into the Rating
page of the transformer
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 11
Transformer MVA Sizing Page
Update automatically
when you press these
buttons
Transformer Rating Page
Transformer Rating Page
ETAP
ETAP
5.
5.
0
0
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc.
Unit Transformer Sizing
Presented by Farrokh Shokooh
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 13
Unit Transformer Sizing
Based on IEEE C5F-116 Standard
Optimize unit transformer turn ratio
Consider system voltage variation
Consider generation station auxiliary load
Automatically detect generator, cable
impedance and bus nominal kV
Generator reactive vs. capacitive plots
Optimization reports
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 14
Transformer Tap Optimization
Page
Transformer
Impedance
Section
System kV
Information
Primary / Secondary
Cable Impedance
Generator
Information
Auxiliary Load
Information
Optimization
Results Section
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 15
Automatic System Parameter
Update
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 16
Primary Fixed Tap Editor
Use 0.1% Tap Step to obtain best
Optimization results
Set the maximum/minimum fixed tap range
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 17
MVAR Delivery Curve
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 18
Unit Transformer Tap
Optimization Reports
Input Data
Optimal Tap Position
Transformer Power Input and output at
different system voltage levels (system
voltage variation)
Generator Power Output at different system
voltage levels
Generator and System voltage at different
system voltage levels
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 19