Tense Simple Present

Signal words

Form

Examples affirmative

Examples negative

Examples interrogative
En ingls hay una serie de verbos que NO se usan en su forma continua (presente continuo, futuro continuo) son verbos que describen estados, situaciones y condiciones y se llaman STATIVE verbs. -Decimos I have a car, y no Im having a car. Los verbos que SI se usan en sus formas continuas son los llamados DYNAMIC verbs, ya que describen principalmente acciones.

every day sometimes always often usually seldom never first ... then

We can use the simple present to communicate habitual or regular action in the present. The simple present expresses an action in the present taking place once, never or several times. Use this tense to state a fact, general truth, state or condition. It is also used for actions that take place one after another. Simple present can replace the simple future with the meaning "according to schedule, timetable". Examples: The ship arrives next week. He works tomorrow. Simple present is used instead of the present continuous with stative verbs. Examples: I see a little boy now. I understand what you mean. Infinitive he/she/it + -s I work. He works. I go. He goes. I don't work. He doesn't work. I don't go. He doesn't go. Do I work? Does he work? Do I go? Does he go?

Present Progressive or present continuous

now at the moment; at present; today; this year; Look! Listen!

The present progressive is used for actions going on in the moment of speaking and for actions taking place only for a short period of time.

I'm working. to be The action is going on at the present period of time (but not at the moment of (am/are/is) He's working. + speaking). Examples: She is writing a new novel now. He is studying German this year. Infinitive I'm going. + Present continuous can replace the simple future with the meaning ing He's going. "preplanned action". Examples: I'm going to leave tomorrow. I am leaving tomorrow.

I'm not working. He isn't working. I'm not going. He isn't going.

Am I working? Is he working? Am I going? Is he going?

Simple Past

yesterday; last last week; last year; in 1995; in 2009; ... Ago two hours ago; four years ago.

We use the past tense to communicate an action or event that happened (started and ended) and concluded in the past. I worked. regular: Note: We can use the simple past for completed past actions, including past actions that lasted for some time or happened one after another. The simple Infinitive + - He worked. past expresses an action in the past taking place once, never, several times, ed but are not ocurring now. I went. irregular: Examples: I lived in Hong Kong for two years. He went. He sold cars for two years, and then he quit his job and began to write novels. I didn't work. He didn't work. I didn't go. He didn't go. Did I work? Did he work? Did I go? Did he go?

Past Progressive
We can use the past progressive to put emphasis on the course of an action in the past. Or to express a situations with reference to an adverb of time. Example: He was playing football. I was listening to the radio at seven a.m. someone was doing sth. at a certain time (in the past) - you don't know whether it was finished or not while; when; as long as; at five o'clock yesterday. was/were We can have a situation where both of the elements are in the past progressive tense to comunicate two actions happening at the same time (in the past) Example: While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes. We can also have the situation where an action in the simple past tense interrupts another action in the past progressive tense. We use the past tense to communicate an action or event that happened in the middle of another action. Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang. I was watching TV when they arrived. Use past progressive to ask what is being done Example:What was Bill doing yerterday at two o'clock? He was working I was working. + He was working. He wasn't working. Was he working? Infinitive I was going. + He was going. -ing He wasn't going. Was he going? I wasn't going. Was I going? I wasn't working. Was I working?

Past
Yesterday 8:00 a.m. Simple Past

Present Future

Past Progressive

Tense Simple Present Perfect

Signal words
We can use the simple present perfect to say sth. has happened or is finished in the past and it has a connection to the present (or that has an influence on the present) Example: I have lost my key. I cant do my homework because Ive lost my book. Use this tense to put emphasis on the result Example: She has written five letters. It's also used to express development and actions that is still going on. An action started in the past and continues up to the present Example: School has not started yet. action that stopped recently Example: She has cooked dinner. action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking Example: I have never been to Australia.

Form

Examples affirmative

Examples negative

Examples interrogative

already, ever, just, never, yet / not yet, so far, till now, up to now, since for recently

have/has + past I have worked. participle* He has worked. *(infinitive + I have gone. ed) or (3rd column He has gone. of table of irregular verbs)

I haven't worked. He hasnt worked. I haven't gone. He hasnt gone.

Have I worked? Has he worked? Have I gone? Has he gone?

Present Perfect Progressive

all day the whole day how long since for puts emphasis on the duration or course of an action (not the result) Example: She has been writing for two hours. action that recently stopped or is still going on Example: I have been living here since 2001. finished action that influenced the present Example: I have been working all afternoon. have/has + been + Infinitive + -ing

I have been working. He has been working. I have been going. He has been going. had + past participle*

I haven't been working. He hasn't been working. I haven't been going. He hasn't been going.

Have I been working? Has he been working? Have I been going? Has he been going?

Past Perfect Simple

already, The action taking place before a certain time in the past (putting emphasis just, only on the fact, not the duration) never, Example: Before I came here, I had spoken to Jack. not yet, By the time he returned, she had already left. once, All residents had left the village by last week. until that day if sentence type Conditional Sentences Type III (condition that was not given in the past) III (If I had talked, Example: If I had seen him, I would have talked to him. )

I had worked.

I hadn't worked. He hadn't worked. I hadn't gone. He hadn't gone.

Had I worked? Had he worked? Had I gone? Had he gone?

*(infinitive + - He had worked. ed) or (3rd column I had gone. of table of irregular He had gone. verbs) I had been working. had + been + Infinitive + ing He had been working.

Past Perfect Progressive

The action lasted for some time before another past action or before some point of time in the past. Examples: By the time he returned, I had been working for six hours. By 2006, he had been living there for twenty years. This tense is sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple Use this tense to put emphasis on the course or duration of an action

I hadn't been working. He hadn't been working.

Had I been working? Had he been working? Had I been going? Had he been going?

I had been going. I hadn't been going. He had been going. He hadn't been going.

Tense Simple future

Signal words
The action will happen in the future. Examples: I think he will return next week. I will probably see him in a few days. We'll be home after eight. a spontaneous decision example: Wait, I will help you. tomorrow; in a few days; next week; in 2025; in the future. an opinion, hope, uncertainty or assumption regarding the future example: He will probably come back tomorrow. a promise example: I will not watch TV tonight. an action in the future that cannot be influenced example: It will rain tomorrow. conditional clauses type I example: If I arrive late, I will call you.

Form

Examples affirmative

Examples negative

Examples interrogative

I'll work. will + Infinitive He'll work. I'll go. He'll go.

I won't work. He won't work. I won't go. He won't go.

Will I work? Will he work? Will I go? Will he go?

Podemos encontrarnos con otra forma auxiliar, vlida tambin para expresar el futuro, que es 'shall'. En este caso, 'shall' sirve como auxiliar para la primera persona del singular y plural emplendose 'will' para todas las dems. Tanto 'shall' como 'will' pueden contraerse en sus formas afirmativa y negativa (You will = You'll). 'Shall' es menos utilizado, especialmente en Estados Unidos. En ingls moderno se tiende a usar 'will' para todas las personas.

Future continuous
I'll be working. at three tomorrow; at this time next year; when. The action will be going on when another future action happens or at some point of time in the future. Examples: He'll be sleeping at two o'clock. When you come to the library, I'll be sitting by the central window. will + be + Infinitive + ing I won't be working. Will I be working? Will he be working? Will I be going? Will he be going? He won't be He'll be working. working. I'll be going. He'll be going. I won't be going. He won't be going.

Future perfect

by the time; by 2035; by tomorrow; before.

The action will happen before another future action or before some point of time in the future. Examples: By the time I get there, she will have left. By 2050, scientists will have found the cure for cancer.

will + have + past I'll have worked. participle* He'll have *(infinitive + - worked. ed) or (3rd column I'll have gone. of table of irregular He'll have gone. verbs) I'll have been working.

I won't have worked. He won't have worked. I won't have gone. He won't have gone. I won't have been working. He won't have been working. I won't have been going. He won't have been going.

Will I have worked? Will he have worked? Will I have gone? Will he have gone?

Future perfect continuous

Will I have been working? Will he have been working? Will I have been working? Will he have been working?

by the time; by 2030; before; for two hours.

The action will last for some time before another future action or before some point of time in the future. Examples: By the time he returns, I will have been working for nine hours. By 2025, he will have been living here for fifty years.

will + have + been + Infinitive + ing

He'll have been working. I'll have been going. He'll have been going.

Tense OTRAS FORMAS DE EXPRESAR EL FUTURO:

1. El Presente como futuro.

Signal words
1. El Presente Simple puede ser usado para hablar de acciones conocidas de antemano o planificadas (que no dependen de nuestra voluntad). Ex: Our holidays begin in August / Your flight leaves at 17:15 on Monday Cuando hablamos de planes, proyectos, citas, etc. utilizamos el Presente continuo. We're playing football this afternoon = Vamos a jugar al ftbol esta tarde

Form

Examples affirmative

Examples negative

Examples interrogative

2. El futuro con 'going to'

2. Use this form to communicate a decision made for the future or a conclusion with regard to the future Ex: Are you going to take the car tonight? =Vas a coger el coche esta noche? 3. To indicate what is planned for the future Ex: The president is to meet the congressmen tomorrow = El presidente se reunir con los congresistas maana. 4. Tener que Ex: I have to go to the dentist = Tengo que ir al dentista

2. be (am/are/is) He's going to + work. going to + I'm going to go. Infinitive He's going to go.

I'm going to work.

I'm not going to work. He's not going to work. I'm not going to go. He's not going to go.

Am I going to work? Is he going to work? Am I going to go? Is he going to go?

3. 'to be to' + infinitivo.

4.'to have to' + infinitive

Conditional Simple
sth. that might happen main clause in type II of the if clauses would + Infinitive

I would work. He would work. I would go. He would go.

I wouldn't work. He wouldn't work. I wouldn't go. He wouldn't go. I wouldn't be working.

Would I work? Would he work? Would I work? Would he work?

Conditional continuous

I would be working.

Would I be working?

He would be He wouldn't be would + be + Would he be working? working. working. Infinitive + Would I be going? ing I would be going. I wouldn't be going. He would be going. He wouldn't be going. I wouldn't have worked. He wouldn't have worked. I wouldn't have gone. He wouldn't have gone. Would he be going?

Conditional perfect

I would have would + worked. have + past participle* He would have worked. *(infinitive + ed) or (3rd I would have column of gone. table of irregular He would have verbs) gone.

Would I have worked? Would he have worked? Would I have gone? Would he have gone?

Conditional perfect continuous

I would have been I wouldn't have been Would I have been working. working. working? He would have would + been going. have + been + Infinitive + I would have been ing going. He would have been going. He wouldn't have been going. Would he have been working?

I wouldn't have been Would I have been going. going? He wouldn't have been going. Would he have been going?

Tense
Fuentes: http://usefulenglish.ru/grammar/tenses-summary-charts http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/tenses_table.pdf http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/tenses

Signal words

Form

Examples affirmative

Examples negative

Examples interrogative