Acknowledgement & Project Overview The aim of this project report is to estimate and calculate the approximate design

of a 1MW solar PV power plant (utility scale). The total no. of solar panel required and the different parameters of the solar panel estimated. A site in West Bengal is taken virtually to estimate the solar intensity of the site which is most important for calculation of such type of report. A Single Line Diagram (SLD) has been introduced in this report. Also the brief details of the materials/equipments (solar panels, inverters, protective gears, transformer, SCADA etc.) used to set up a 1MW power plant have been highlighted. A financial overview with a possible income datasheet included in the project report Please give your feedback via email to this email address: amrit.mandal0191@gmail.com

Contents

1. Aim of the project 2. Financial overview 3. Global market price trends of solar panel 4. Technical Calculation/Estimation & Specification
i. ii. iii. iv. v. Solar panel Inverter Protective gears SCADA system Transformer

5. Single line diagram & Schematics

1. Aim of the project

Aim of this paper is to give an overview of a 1MW solar PV power plant (utility scale). How the project will work? 1. Using solar pv modules, solar power generates in DC which is converted into AC power and then using a power transformer the generated and modified AC power will be fed to the grid. 2. No battery storage introduced here because the plant will only functions in the daylight and here the generated power will be sold to the grid. 3. For the minimal operation and maintenance of the plant, an off-grid/stand alone 5KW solar power can be introduced.

The benefits and the installation cost details are highlighted in the next article.

2. Financial Overview
Installation cost, total project cost, maintenance cost and also the total & net income from the plant over a year are highlighted in this article.

Installation cost 1. Solar panels i. ii. German tech. China tech. 5.93 cr 4.1 cr 1 cr 30 lacs 10 lacs 10 lacs 5 lacs (approx.) 10 lacs

2. Central inverters(4) 3. Combiner + junction boxes 4. Protective gears arrangment 5. SCADA & Data logger system 6. Land bank 7. Erection of project 8. Total project cost i. ii. For German Tech. For China Tech

7.58 cr 5.75 cr

Maintenance cost 1. Human resource 2. PV maintenance 3. Site maintenance 4. Total maintenance cost
20 lacs/ year 1 lacs/ year 1 lacs/ year

22 lacs/ year

Income from the 1 MW solar PV plant

The site chosen in West Bengal where daily sun hours=5 hrs through out the year. Maximum Solar intensity on the site= 6.18 KW-h/m2/day Total sunny days available in west Bengal = 255 days

Income from plant

1. Daily units generated 2. Yearly units generated 3. Govt. pays per unit
(i.e. state electricity boards power purchase rate)

5000 units 5000x365=1,825,000 units 12.5 / unit

(according to WBREDA 2011-12)

4. Total income over the year 5. net income over the year

2.28 cr 2.28-0.22=2.06 cr

Govt. subsidiaries :
Central govt. or MNRE dept. will pay 30% of the total project cost or provide low bank loan interest (whichever is less) For this project, by taking the 30% govt. subsidy over the installation cost, investment will be: i. ii. 5.30 cr for German PV technology 4.02 cr for China PV technology

Variation of market price index solar PV modules: From august, 2011 to august, 2012
Price trends August 2012
Module type, origin Crystalline Germany Crystalline China Crystalline Japan / Wp 0.88 0.61 0.91 Trend since 201207 - 3.3 % - 4.7 % - 2.2 % - 1.7 % - 2.0 % - 3.4 % Trend since 201201 - 17.8 % - 22.8 % - 13.3 % - 13.2 % - 16.7 % - 25.0 %

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.59 Thin film a-Si Thin film a-Si/-Si 0.50 0,57

Price trends July 2012

Module type, origin Crystalline Germany Crystalline China Crystalline Japan / Wp 0.91 0.64 0.93 Trend since 201206 - 2.2 % - 3.0 % - 1.1 % 0.0 % - 3.8 % - 4.8 % Trend since 201201 - 15.0 % - 19.0 % - 11.4 % - 11.8 % - 15.0 % - 22.4 %

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.60 Thin film a-Si Thin film a-Si/-Si 0.51 0,59

Price trends June 2012

Module type, origin Crystalline Germany Crystalline China Crystalline Japan / Wp 0.93 0.66 0.94 Trend since 201205 - 3.1 % - 4.3 % - 2.1 % - 1.6 % - 3.6 % - 4.6 % Trend since 201201 - 13.1 % - 16.5 % - 10.5 % - 11.8 % - 11.7 % - 18.4 %

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.60 Thin film a-Si Thin film a-Si/-Si 0.53 0,62

Price trends May 2012

Module type, origin Crystalline Germany Crystalline China Crystalline Japan / Wp 0.96 0.69 0.96 Trend since 201204 - 3.0 % - 2.8 % - 2.0 % 0.0 % - 1.8 % - 4.4 % Trend since 201201 - 10.3 % - 12.7 % - 8.6 % - 10.3 % - 8.3 % - 14.5 %

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.61 Thin film a-Si Thin film a-Si/-Si 0.55 0,65

Price trends April 2012

Module type, origin Crystalline Germany Crystalline China Crystalline Japan / Wp 0.99 0.71 0.98 Trend since 201203 - 2.9 % - 4.1 % - 2.0 % 0.0 % - 1.8 % - 4.2 % Trend since 201201 - 7.5 % - 10.1 % - 6.7 % - 10.3 % - 6.7 % - 10.5 %

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.61 Thin film a-Si Thin film a-Si/-Si 0.56 0,68

Price trends March 2012

Module type, origin Crystalline Germany Crystalline China Crystalline Japan / Wp 1.02 0.74 1.00 Trend since 201202 - 1.0 % - 3.9 % - 2.0 % - 3.2 % 0.0 % - 1.4 % Trend since 201201 - 4.7 % - 6.3 % - 4.8 % - 10.3 % - 5.0 % - 6.6 %

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.61 Thin film a-Si Thin film a-Si/-Si 0.57 0,71

Price trends February 2012

Module type, origin Crystalline Germany Crystalline China Crystalline Japan / Wp 1.03 0.77 1.02 Trend since 201201 - 3.7 % - 2.5 % - 2.9 % - 7.4 % - 5.0 % - 5.3 % Trend since 201101 - 39.7 % - 47.6 % - 37.4 % - 49.5 % - 47.0 % - 43.0 %

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.63 Thin film a-Si Thin film a-Si/-Si 0.57 0.72

Price trends January 2012

Module type, origin Crystalline Germany Crystalline China Crystalline Japan / Wp 1.07 0.79 1.05 Trend since 201112 - 4.5 % - 2.5 % - 4.5 % - 6.8 % - 6.3 % - 7.3 % Trend since 201101 - 37.3 % - 46.3 % - 35.6 % - 45.5 % - 44.2 % - 39.8 %

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.68 Thin film a-Si Thin film a-Si/-Si 0.60 0.76

Price trends December 2011

Module type, origin Crystalline Germany Crystalline China Crystalline Japan / Wp 1.12 0.81 1.10 Trend since 201111 - 4.8 % - 4.3 % - 3.6 % - 6.6 % - 4.9 % - 3.5 % Trend since 201101 - 34.4 % - 44.9 % - 32.5 % - 41.5 % - 40.5 % - 35.1 %

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.73 Thin film a-Si Thin film a-Si/-Si 0.64 0.82

Price trends November 2011

Module type, origin Crystalline Germany Crystalline China Crystalline Japan / Wp 1.18 0.85 1.14 Trend since 201110 - 8.7 % - 7.7 % - 6.3 % - 6.9 % - 8.5 % - 5.0 % Trend since 201101 - 31.1 % - 42.2 % - 30.0 % - 37.4 % - 37.4 % - 32.8 %

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.78 Thin film a-Si Thin film a-Si/-Si 0.67 0.85

Price trends October 2011

Module type, origin Crystalline Germany Crystalline China Crystalline Japan / Wp 1.29 0.92 1.22 Trend since 201109 - 3.0 % - 6.2 % - 3.7 % - 8.8 % - 4.5 % - 3.9 % Trend since 201101 - 24.5 % - 37.6 % - 25.3 % - 32.8 % - 31.6 % - 29.2 %

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.84 Thin film a-Si Thin film a-Si/-Si 0.74 0.89

Price trends September 2011

Module type, origin Crystalline Germany Crystalline China Crystalline Japan / Wp 1.33 0.98 1.27 Trend since 201108 - 4.4 % - 6.0 % - 4.7 % - 6.9 % - 9.6 % - 5.2 % Trend since 201101 - 22.2 % - 33.5 % - 22.4 % - 26.3 % - 28.4 % - 26.4 %

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.92 Thin film a-Si Thin film a-Si/-Si 0.77 0,93

Price trends August 2011

Module type, origin Crystalline Germany Crystalline China Crystalline Japan / Wp 1.39 1.04 1.33 Trend since 201107 - 4.7 % - 7.1 % - 3.4 % - 3.7 % - 5.8 % - 1.8 % Trend since 201101 - 18.6 % - 29.3 % - 18.5 % - 20.9 % - 20.8 % - 22.3 %

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.99 Thin film a-Si Thin film a-Si/-Si 0.85 0,98

1.00 EUR = 69.3608 INR

Euro 1 EUR = 69.3608 INR Indian Rupee

1 INR = 0.0144174 EUR

10

market scenario of solar PV modules

1.6 1.4 1.2 EURO/Wp 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Crystalline Crystalline Crystalline Thin film Thin film a- Thin film aGermany China japan CdS/CdTe Si Si/-Si aug,2012 jul,2012 jun,2012 may,2012 apr,2012 mar,2012 feb,2012 jan,2012 dec,2011 nov,2011 oct,2011

11

Calculation details of solar modules overall ratings and no. of solar panel used

Worksheet for determining required number of panels

Total capacity of the plant Avg. sun hrs per day Total power/day Total watt-hrs per day Maximum solar insolation at the site 1MWp 5 5MW p 5x1000x1000 W-h/day 6.18 KW-h/m2/day

Divide total watt-hrs/day by solar insolation

809061.4887

Multiply this figure by 1.2(to cover system inefficiency) No. of solar panel=Divide this figure by the Wp(here 300Wp) of the chosen solar panel

809061.4887x1.2=970873.7864 3236.3 ~3236**

**for better efficiency and to utilize the inverter and other components better we should consider the no. of solar panel=3240

12

Solar PV arrangement & overall system rating

Rating of solar panel Wattp (W) DC Voltage (Vmp( V)) DC Current (Imp (A)) Open Circuit Voltage (Voc (V)) Short Circuit Current (Isc (A)) 300Wp 36.72V 8.17A 45.50 8.65

Setup of panels as per requirements

By calculation and the demand of the plant, The total no. of solar pv panels to be used= 3236 From 3236 panels, total 3240 panels are considered to generate the required energy1MW. Configuration details: 3240 panels are divided into 4 groups- each group containing 810 solar panels. In each group, 810 panels are further divided into 54 strings Each string contains 15 solar panels.

Electrical calculation:
Output voltage of each string Output current of each string Output voltage of each group Output current of each group 36.72x15=550.8 VDC 8.17 ADC 550.8 VDC 8.17x54=441.18 ADC

NOTE: in each string, the solar panels are connected in series to increase the voltage. And

in each group, the 54 strings are connected in parallel to increase the current.

DC output power calculation: Output power of each string Output power of each group Output power of 4 groups 550.8x8.17=4.5 KW 243KW 972KW

13

The above specifications are available with TITAN ENERGY SYSTEMS LTD. Their module spec TITAN M6-72 Polycrystalline (high efficiency) has been used as a reference. A datasheet/spec. sheet of TITAN M6-72 Polycrystalline has been provided in this report. Please go through it for more details.

14

Titan Energy Systems Ltd

a member of SARSA group

An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company

PV Module TITAN M6-72

Typical Electrical Characteristics Type Pmp (W) 265 Max Power Power Tolerance (W) Max Power Voltage Vmp(V) 34.33 Max Power Current Imp (A) 7.72 Open Circuit Voltage Voc (V) 43.27 Short Circuit Current Isc (A) Electrical parameters tolerance Max System Voltage Number, type and arrangement of cells Cell Size No. of By-pass Diodes Max Series Fuse High Efficiency PV Modules Strengths Positive power tolerance High Efficiency Multi Crystalline Modules TUV Certifications: EN IEC 61215 : 2005 EN IEC 61730-1 : 2004 / 2007 EN IEC 61730-2 : 2004 / 2007 EN IEC 61701 : 2010-02 Withstands heavy loading due to snow & ice; Has higher safety margin for storm weather and gale winds Qualified for Highly corrosive WetAtmospheres & Environments Product Guarantee : 5 years 80% @ 25 Years Certifications Absolute Ratings Operating Temperature Storage Temperature (C) (C) -40 ~ +85 -40 ~ +85 Pm Temperature Co-efficient () Isc Temperature Co-efficient () Voc Temperature Co-efficient () NOCT at STC Mechanical Characteristics Junction Box Type of connector Dimensions (L x W x Th) Weight No. of Drain Holes in Frame Glass Type and Thickness Packing Configuration Packing Configuration 1 * 20 Ft 1 * 40 Ft STD/HQ 20 Modules in each pallet 200 Modules 400 modules mm Kg Tyco / ZJRH / Huber + Suhner Tyco / MC4 1975 x 988 x 50 27.0 12 4 mm Thick, Low iron, Tempered (A) (%/C) (%/C) (%/C) (C)
8.30

TITAN M6-72 270 275 280 285 290 295 300 305 +0 to 4.9Wp or 2.5% 34.75 7.77 8.34 35.04 7.85 8.39 35.18 7.96 44.28 8.46 35.63 36.12 36.51 8.00 8.49 8.03 8.53 8.08 8.56 44.42 44.78 45.00 36.72 36.97 8.17 8.65

8.25 8.68

43.70 43.99

45.50 45.58

5% VDC 1000 72, Multi-Crystalline, 12 x 6 Matrix 6 x 6 / 156 x 156 mm 3 15 -0.41 +0.04 -0.32 451

Limited Power Warranty : 90% @ 12 Years

NOTE: The data presented may change due to further improvements in the product.

15

PV Module TITAN M6-72

Typical I-V Curves
10.0

1000 W/m2 at 25O C 800 W/m at 25 C 600 W/m2 at 25O C 400 W/m at 25 C
2 O 2 O

Current (A)

8.0

6.0 4.0

2.0 200 W/m2 at 25O C

1000 W/m at 50 C
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0

Voltage (V)
Current/voltage dependence on irradiance and module temperature. These I-V curves indicate the effect of temperature and light intensity on module Performance.

Dimensions
Sl.No.Label

100+1mm
Terminal Box

237.5+1 mm

DATA Label

592+1mm

Warning Label

375+1 mm

Embossed Earth Symbol

(One on each long member)

8X12- MOUNTING SLOTS - 10 nos

3.9 mm EARTHING HOLES - 2 nos

591+1mm
1975 1mm

(5 on each long member)

100+1mm 1975 1 mm

4 Sq mm Cable, 1Mtr Length with Connectors

592+1mm
4.5mm DRAIN HOLES -12 nos

375+1 mm

943.5+1 mm

100+1mm
988 1 mm

50+0.5 mm
FRAME

100+1 mm

988+1 mm

FRONT VIEW

SIDE RAIL

REAR VIEW

PV Module Products M6-72 Family Series (305Wp to 125Wp) : M6-72, M6-60, M6-54 & M6-36 - Certified for IEC Standards M6-60: Certified for UL (USA & Canada) Standard; M6-72: Certification for UL (USA & Canada) is in Progress S6-60 Family Series (250Wp to 120Wp) : S6-60, S6-54 & S6-36 - Certified for IEC Standards S6-60 - Certified for UL (USA & Canada) Standard S6-72 Family Series (300Wp to 285Wp) : Certification for IEC & UL (USA & Canada) Standards S5-96 Family Series (250Wp to 75Wp) : S5-96, S5-72, S5-60, S5-54 & S5-36 - Certified for IEC Standards
Corporate Office (India) : TITAN Energy Systems Ltd, 16, Aruna Enclave, Trimulgherry, Secunderabad 500 015, INDIA Phone: +91 (0)40 27791085, 27790751 Fax: +91 (0)40 27795629 Email: info@titan-energy.com
Sales Office (Europe) : TITAN Energy Systems Ltd, Basel, 4052 Switzerland Phone: +41-6150-0052-9

Email: info.eu@titan-energy.com

16

www.titan-energy.com

Inverter Details & Specification

Type of the inverter: central inverter considered Recommended specification Input (DC)
Max input power DC voltage range, mpp (UDC) Maximum DC voltage (Umax (DC)) Maximum DC current (Imax (DC)) Voltage ripple Number of protected DC inputs (parallel) 300 kWp 450 to 750 V (- 825 V) 900 V (1000 V) 600 A < 3% 2 (+/-) / 8

Output (AC)
Nominal AC output power (PN (AC)) Nominal AC current (IN (AC)) Nominal output voltage (UN (AC)) Output frequency Harmonic distortion, current Power factor compensation (cos) Distribution network type 250 kW 485 A 300 V 50 / 60 Hz < 3% Yes TN and IT

To meet the above stated criteria, central inverter manufactured by ABB is considered. PVS800-57-0250kW-A inverter manufactured by ABB considered. Total 4 inverters of PVS800-57-0250kW-A type required to generate the 1MW power. Brief details of this inverter can be collected from the official website of ABB.

17

Solar inverters

ABB central inverters PVS800 100 to 500 kW

ABB central inverters raise reliability, efficiency and ease on installation to new levels. The inverters are aimed at system integrators and end users who require high performance solar inverters for large photovoltaic power plants and industrial and commercial buildings. The inverters are available from 100 kW up to 500 kW, and are optimized for cost-efficient multimegawatt power plants. Worlds leading inverter platform The ABB solar inverters have been developed on the basis of decades of experience in the industry and proven technology platform. Unrivalled expertise from the worlds market and technology leader in variable speed AC and DC drives is the hallmark of the new solar inverter series.

Based on ABBs highly successful platform of industrial drives - the most widely used industrial drives on the market the inverters are the most efficient and cost-effective way to convert the direct current generated by solar modules into high-quality and CO 2-free alternating current that can be fed into the power network. Solar inverters from ABB ABB central inverters are ideal for large photovoltaic power plants and medium sized power plants installed in commercial or industrial buildings. High efficiency, proven components, compact and modular design and a host of life cycle services ensures ABB central inverters provide a rapid return on investment.

Highlights High efficiency and long operating life Modular and compact product design Extensive DC and AC side protection Power factor compensation as standard Fast and easy installation Complete range of industrial-type data communication options, including remote monitoring Life cycle service and support through ABBs extensive global service network

18

ABB central inverters

Maximum energy and feed-in revenues ABB central inverters have a high efficiency level. Optimized and accurate system control and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm ensure that maximum energy is delivered to the power network from the solar modules. For end users this generates the highest possible revenues from the feed-in tariffs now common in many countries. Proven ABB components The inverters comprise proven ABB components with a long track record of performance excellence in demanding applications and harsh environments. Equipped with extensive electrical and mechanical protection, the inverters are engineered to provide a long and reliable service life of at least 20 years. Compact and modular design The inverters are designed for fast and easy installation. The industrial design and modular platform provides a wide range of options like remote monitoring, Technical data and types
Type designation Input (DC) Recommended max input power (PPV) DC voltage range, mpp (UDC) Maximum DC voltage (U max (DC)) Maximum DC current (I max (DC)) Voltage ripple Number of protected DC inputs (parallel) Output (AC) Nominal AC output power ( PN (AC)) Nominal AC current (IN (AC)) Nominal output voltage (UN (AC)) Output frequency
4) 5) 3) 1)

eldbus connection and integrated DC cabinets. The inverters are customized and congured to meet end user needs and are available with short delivery times. Effective connectivity ABBs transformerless central inverter series enables system integrators to design the solar power plant using a combination of different power rating inverters, which are connected to the medium voltage grid centrally. In certain conditions, the ABB central inverters topology allows a parallel connection directly to the AC side, enabling electricity to be fed to the grid via a single transformer. This avoids the need for each central inverter to have its own transformer, thereby saving cost and space. However, in systems where the DC side needs to be grounded, an inverter dedicated winding within a transformer, or a separate transformer, must be used always.

PVS800-57-0100kW-A 100 kW 120 kWp 450 to 750 V (- 825 V*) 900 V (1000 V*) 245 A < 3% 1 (+/-) / 4 100 kW 195 A 300 V 50 / 60 Hz < 3% Yes TN and IT 98.0% 97.5% < 350 W < appr. 55 W 230 V, 50 Hz 1030 / 2130 / 644 550 kg
5) 6) 7) 8)

PVS800-57-0250kW-A 250 kW 300 kWp 450 to 750 V (- 825 V*) 900 V (1000 V*) 600 A < 3%

PVS800-57-0500kW-A 500 kW 600 kW p 450 to 750 V (- 825 V*) 900 V (1000 V*) 1145 A < 3%

2)

2 (+/-) / 8 250 kW 485 A 300 V

2)

4 (+/-) / 16 500 kW 965 A 300 V 50 / 60 Hz < 3% Yes TN and IT 98.0% 97.6% < 600 W

2)

50 / 60 Hz < 3% Yes TN and IT 98.0% 97.6% < 300 W < appr. 55 W 230 V, 50 Hz 1830 / 2130 / 644 1100 kg
*

Harmonic distortion, current Distribution network type Efficiency Maximum Euro-eta

7) 7) 6)

Power factor compensation (cos )

Power consumption Own consumption in operation Standby operation consumption External auxiliary voltage Dimensions and weight Width / Height / Depth, mm (W / H / D) Weight appr.
1) 2) 3) 4)

< appr. 55 W 230 V, 50 Hz 3030 / 2130 / 644 1800 kg

Max 1000 V DC input voltage as an option with mppt range 450 to 825 V. If DC is > 1000 VDC inverter is not damaged, but will not start.

8)

Inverter limits the power to a safe level Optional MCB inputs, 80 A each Grid voltage (+/- 10%) Grid frequency (48 to 63 Hz)

At nominal power 300 V output must be IT type Without auxiliary power consumption at 450 V UDC 115 V, 60 Hz optional

2 ABB solar inverters | Product flyer for PVS800

19

ABB central inverter design and grid connection

PVS800 inverter

EMC filter

Control and monitor

PVS800 inverter

EMC filter

Control and monitor

Type designation Environmental limits Degree of protection Ambient temperature range (nominal ratings) Maximum ambient temperature
11) 10)

PVS800-57-0100kW-A 100 kW IP22 / IP42 +50 C 15% to 95%

12) 9)

Filter

EMC filter
PVS800-57-0250kW-A 250 kW IP22 / IP42 +50 C 15% to 95% 2000 m 75 dBA
13) 9)

EMC filter

Filter

PVS800-57-0500kW-A 500 kW IP22 / IP42 +50 C 15% to 95% 2000 m 75 dBA

13) 9)

-15 C to +40 C

-15 C to +40 C

-15 C to +40 C

Relative humidity, not condensing Maximum altitude (above sea level) Maximum noise level Cooling air flow Protection Ground fault monitoring Grid monitoring Anti-islanding
9) 9) 9)

2000 m 75 dBA 1300 m 3/h Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ABB local control panel 1/2 3/1

1880 m3/h Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ABB local control panel 1/2 3/1 Modbus, PROFIBUS, Ethernet

3760 m3/h Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ABB local control panel 1/2 3/1

DC reverse polarity AC and DC short circuit and over current AC and DC over voltage and temperature User interface and communications Local user interface Analog inputs / outputs Digital inputs / relay outputs Fieldbus connectivity Product compliance Safety and EMC Certifications and approvals Grid support
9) 10) 11) 12) 13)

CE conformity according to LV and EMC directives VDE, CEI, UNE, RD, EDF Reactive power compensation, Power reduction, Low voltage ride through
9)

Optional Frosting is not allowed. May need optional cabinet heating. Power derating after 40 C Power derating above 1000 m. Above 2000 m special requirements. At partial power typically < 70 dBA Product flyer for PVS800 | ABB solar inverters 3

20

ABB central inverter data communication principle

Central inverter 250 kWp solar array

Central inverter 250 kWp solar array

Local PC Field bus

Modbus

Medium voltage transformers

Adapter module

Internet Remote PC

3-phase 20 kV
250 kWp solar array Central inverter Central inverter 250 kWp solar array

Accessories Solar array junction boxes with string monitoring Remote monitoring solutions Warranty extensions possible Solar inverter care contracts

Options Increased IP ratings for cabinets Integrated DC input extension cabinets AC output grounding switch Cabinet heating I/O extensions Extended voltage range, 1000 VDC max. DC grounding (negative and positive) Fieldbus and Ethernet connections

Support and service ABB supports its customers with a dedicated service network in more than 60 countries and provides a complete range of life cycle services from installation and commissioning to preventative maintenance, spare parts, repairs and recycling.

For more information contact your local ABB representative or visit: www.abb.com/solar www.abb.com
Copyright 2011 ABB. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.

Integrated DC input extension cabinets

Junction box with monitoring

21

3AUA0000057380 REV F EN 21.4.2011 #15642

Protection and safety measurements

A schematic of the protection system

22

The main protections and protective gears are named here. DC Side Protection
1. Fuses
A. for string protection B. Fuses for array/inverter input protection

2. Fuse holdersA. B. C. D. E. For string protection Panel mount fuse holder In-line fuse holders Array/inverter input protection Dead front fuse covers

3. Surge protection devices

4. DC switch
A. Load break disconnect switches B. High power switches

5. Cooling devices
A. Air and liquid cooled solutions

6. Wire management solutions

A. Finger-safe power distribution blocks B. Finger-safe comb wiring bar

7. Ground-fault protection

23

AC Side Protection 1. Circuit breaker

2. Bar contractor

3. Insulation monitoring device

24

 For safety purpose and protection of the modules and plant equipments , protective gears from Schneider Electric have been considered for maximum benefits. Details of safety measurements and protective gears provided by Schneider Electric given in their official website.

25

Solar SCADA system

Data acquisition system for a solar plant is very important because it is important to monitor the over all system condition including input/output condition, temperature, solar insolation, weather condition, voltage/current fluctuation, output power condition, surge effect, load dispatch etc. So, in this point of view a compact system with well service provider need to be pointed out. ABB provides the monitoring facility/SCADA for solar (PV) power plants and the ABB inverter itself has an in-built SCADA system.

So, for monitoring and controlling of the over all power system of the plant, ABB SOLAR SCADA system is recommended here.

26

Block diagram & SLD Block diagram representation of the system with SCADA & Data Logger facility

27

YIELD ASSESSMENT OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT

Report number: PV-2037-1209-6 Issued: 23 September 2012 01:12 CET (GMT +0100)

1. Site info
Site name:

2. PV system info

Durgapur
Bardhaman, West Bengal, India

Coordinates: Elevation a.s.l.: Slope inclination: Slope azimuth:

23 32' 37.84" N, 87 22' 44.67" E 69 m 1 61 northeast

Installed power: Type of modules: Mounting system: Azimuth/inclinations: Inverter Euro eff.: DC / AC losses: Availability:

1000.0 kWp crystalline silicon (c-Si) fixed mounting, free standing 2 angles 180 (south) / 48 (winter), 17 (summer) 97.5% 5.5% / 1.5% 99.0%

Annual global in-plane irradiation: 1942 kWh/m2 Annual air temperature at 2 m: 26.3 C

Annual average electricity production: Average performance ratio: 75.8%

1470.7 MWh

Location on the map: http://solargis.info/imaps/#loc=23.543845,87.379074&tl=Google:Satellite&z=14

3. Geographic position

Google Maps 2012 Google

4. Terrain horizon and day length

Left: Right:

Path of the Sun over a year. Terrain horizon (drawn by grey filling) and module horizon (blue filling) may have shading effect on solar radiation. Black dots show True Solar Time. Blue labels show Local Clock Time. Change of the day length and solar zenith angle during a year. The local day length (time when the Sun is above the horizon) is shorter compared to the astronomical day length, if obstructed by higher terrain horizon.

2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o.

page 1 of 4

Site: Durgapur, India, lat/lon: 23.5438/87.3791 PV system: 1000.0 kWp, crystalline silicon, fixed 2 angles, azim. 180 (south), inclination W 48, S 17

5. Global horizontal irradiation and air temperature - climate reference

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Ghm 126 139 184 192 190 152 140 140 132 141 127 119 1782 Ghd 4.05 4.96 5.93 6.42 6.12 5.08 4.51 4.51 4.40 4.56 4.25 3.83 4.88 Dhd 2.10 2.23 2.56 2.93 3.28 3.17 2.98 2.92 2.66 2.34 2.13 2.04 2.61 T24 18.1 22.1 27.1 31.8 33.7 32.0 29.3 28.4 27.4 25.2 21.8 18.7 26.3

Long-term monthly averages: Ghm Ghd Dhd T24 Monthly sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2] Daily sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2] Daily sum of diffuse irradiation [kWh/m2] Daily (diurnal) air temperature [C]

6. Global in-plane irradiation

Fixed surface, azimuth 180 (south), inclination. winter 48, summer 17

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Gim 166 168 189 196 185 146 135 139 137 157 163 161 1942

Gid 5.35 5.99 6.09 6.54 5.96 4.87 4.35 4.48 4.57 5.06 5.44 5.18 5.32

Did 2.33 2.39 2.51 2.98 3.23 3.08 2.90 2.89 2.71 2.35 2.32 2.28 2.67

Rid 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.05

Shloss 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Long-term monthly averages: Gim Gid Did Rid Monthly sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2] Daily sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2] Daily sum of diffuse irradiation [kWh/m2] Daily sum of reflected irradiation [kWh/m2] Shloss Losses of global irradiation by terrain shading [%]

Average yearly sum of global irradiation for different types of surface: kWh/m2 1782 1905 2256 1941 relative to optimally inclined 93.5% 100.0% 118.4% 101.9%

Horizontal Optimally inclined (24) 2-axis tracking Your option

2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o.

Report number: PV-2037-1209-6

Issued: 23 September 2012 01:12 CET (GMT +0100)

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Site: Durgapur, India, lat/lon: 23.5438/87.3791 PV system: 1000.0 kWp, crystalline silicon, fixed 2 angles, azim. 180 (south), inclination W 48, S 17

7. PV electricity production in the start-up

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Esm 131 129 141 142 134 107 101 105 104 120 127 127 1470

Esd 4.24 4.61 4.55 4.74 4.32 3.59 3.27 3.39 3.47 3.88 4.24 4.10 4.03

Etm 131.3 129.1 141.0 142.1 134.0 107.7 101.5 105.1 104.1 120.3 127.3 127.2 1470.7

Eshare 8.9 8.8 9.6 9.7 9.1 7.3 6.9 7.1 7.1 8.2 8.7 8.6 100.0

PR 79.2 77.0 74.6 72.5 72.6 73.7 75.2 75.7 76.0 76.7 77.9 79.2 75.8

Long-term monthly averages: Esm Esd Etm Monthly sum of specific electricity prod. [kWh/kWp] Daily sum of specific electricity prod. [kWh/kWp] Monthly sum of total electricity prod. [MWh] Eshare PR Percentual share of monthly electricity prod. [%] Performance ratio [%]

8. System losses and performance ratio

Energy conversion step

Energy output [kWh/kWp]

Energy loss [kWh/kWp] 0 -55 -249 -90 -39 -22 -15 -470

Energy loss [%] 0.0 -2.8 -13.2 -5.5 -2.5 -1.5 -1.0 -24.2

Performance ratio [partial %] 100.0 100.0 97.2 86.8 94.5 97.5 98.5 99.0 [cumul. %] 100.0 100.0 97.2 84.3 79.7 77.7 76.6 75.8 75.8

1. Global in-plane irradiation (input) 2. Global irradiation reduced by terrain shading 3. Global irradiation reduced by reflectivity 4. Conversion to DC in the modules 5. Other DC losses 6. Inverters (DC/AC conversion) 7. Transformer and AC cabling losses 8. Reduced availability Total system performance

1941 1941 1886 1637 1547 1508 1486 1471 1471

Energy conversion steps and losses: 1. Initial production at Standard Test Conditions (STC) is assumed, 2. Reduction of global in-plane irradiation due to obstruction of terrain horizon and PV modules, 3. Proportion of global irradiation that is reflected by surface of PV modules (typically glass), 4. Losses in PV modules due to conversion of solar radiation to DC electricity; deviation of module efficiency from STC, 5. DC losses: this step assumes integrated effect of mismatch between PV modules, heat losses in interconnections and cables, losses due to dirt, snow, icing and soiling, and self-shading of PV modules, 6. This step considers euro efficiency to approximate average losses in the inverter, 7. Losses in AC section and transformer (where applicable) depend on the system architecture, 8. Availability parameter assumes losses due to downtime caused by maintenance or failures. Losses at steps 2 to 4 are numerically modeled by pvPlanner. Losses at steps 5 to 8 are to be assessed by auser. The simulation models have inherent uncertainties that are not discussed in this report. Read more about simulation methods and related uncertainties to evaluate possible risks at http://solargis.info/doc/pvplanner/.

2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o.

Report number: PV-2037-1209-6

Issued: 23 September 2012 01:12 CET (GMT +0100)

page 3 of 4

Site: Durgapur, India, lat/lon: 23.5438/87.3791 PV system: 1000.0 kWp, crystalline silicon, fixed 2 angles, azim. 180 (south), inclination W 48, S 17

9. SolarGIS v1.8 - description of the database

SolarGIS is high-resolution climate database operated by GeoModel Solar s.r.o. with geographical extent covering Europe, Africa and Asia. Primary data layers include solar radiation, air temperature and terrain (elevation, horizon). Air temperature at 2 m: developed from CFSR data ( NOAA NCEP); years: 1991 - 2009; recalculated to 15-minute values. The data are spatially enhanced to 1 km resolution to reflect variability induced by high resolution terrain. Solar radiation: calculated from Meteosat satellite data; years: 1999 - 2011; 30-minute values - global horizontal and direct normal irradiance. This estimation assumes year having 365 days. Occasional deviations in calculations may occur as a result of mathematical rounding and cannot be considered as a defect of algorithms. More information about the applied data and algorithms can be found at: http://solargis.info/doc/pvplanner/.

10. Service provider

GeoModel Solar s.r.o., Milana Mareka 3, 84107 Bratislava, Slovakia; Registration ID: 45 354 766, VAT Number: SK2022962766; Registration: Business register, District Court Bratislava I, Section Sro, File 62765/B

11. Mode of use

This report shows solar power estimation in the start-up phase of a PV system. The estimates are accurate enough for small and medium-size PV systems. For large projects planning and financing, more information may be needed: 1. Statistical distribution and uncertainty of solar radiation 2. Detailed specification of a PV system 3. Interannual variability and P90 uncertainty of PV production 4. Lifetime energy production considering performance degradation of PV components. More information about full PV yield assessment can be found at: http://solargis.info/doc/pvreports/.

12. Disclaimer and legal information

Considering the nature of climate fluctuations, interannual and long-term changes, as well as the uncertainty of measurements and calculations, GeoModel Solar s.r.o. cannot take full guarantee of the accuracy of estimates. The maximum possible has been done for the assessment of climate conditions based on the best available data, software and knowledge. GeoModel Solar s.r.o. shall not be liable for any direct, incidental, consequential, indirect or punitive damages arising or alleged to have arisen out of use of the provided report. This report is copyright to 2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o., all rights reserved. SolarGIS is a trade mark of GeoModel Solar s.r.o.

13. Contact information

This report has been generated by Mr. AMRIT MANDAL, KOLKATA, 700023 WEST BENGAL, India

2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o.

Report number: PV-2037-1209-6

Issued: 23 September 2012 01:12 CET (GMT +0100)

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