Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of Aerospace Engineering
1
Module5:
Multi - Dimensional
Problems
Lecture 25:
Linearized Compressible Flow
(Contd.)
NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering
2
The equation is still exact. Neglecting the terms containing squares (second degree) of perturbation
velocities, the equation becomes
( ) ( ) ( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+ =
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
3 2
2
1 3 2 1
2
1 1 1
x
w
x U
u
M
x
u
U
u
M
x
w
x x
u
M
v
v
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
+
1 3
2
1 2
2
x
w
x
u
U
w
M
x x
u
U
M
v v
If the entire right hand side is neglected the equation becomes linear
( ) 0 1
3 2 1
2
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
x
w
x x
u
M
v
or
( ) 0 1
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
x x x
M
( is perturbation potential)
In transonic flow, where 1
M , the coefficient of
1
x
u
c
c
on the lhs becomes very small and it is then not
possible to neglect the first term on the . rhs This condition ( ) 1
v
( )
( )
2
1
2
1
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
x
x U
M
x x x
M
c
c
c
c +
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
For flows outside the transonic range, the rhs can be neglected.
For
2
M very large, hypersonic-flow, certain terms on the rhs must be retained as the product of some of
the small perturbation quantities with
2
= =
( )
( )
)
+
+
=
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
1
1 2
1 2 2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2 2 2
M
M
M
p
p
p
p
M
p
p
M
C
o
o
p
where
2 2
2 2
2 2
,
U V
M M
a a
= =
From energy equation
2 2 2 2
2 1 2 1
U a V a
+ = +
( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
1 1
1
2 2
V
a a U V a U
U
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
2
2
2
2
2
1
1 1
2
V
a
M
a
U
| |
= +
|
\ .
2
1
2
2 2
2 1
1 1 1
2
p
V
C M
M U
(
| |
= +
` ( |
\ .
)
or
( )
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + +
+ =
1 1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2 2
2
2
2
v
U
w u U
M
M
C
p
NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering
4
1
2 2 2
2
2 2
2 1 2
1 1
2
u u w
M
M U U
(
| |
+ +
= +
` ( |
\ .
)
( )
2 2 2
2
2 2
2 1
u u w
M
U U U
v
(
+
= + +
(
neglecting
higher power
For 2-D and planar flows
p
C , consistent with the firstorder perturbation equations, is
=
U
u
C
p
2
For flow over axially symmetric or elongated bodies, the consistent approximation is
2
2 2
2
+
=
U
w
U
u
C
p
v
2-D past a wave shaped wall (Ackerets problem)
Consider the flow past a boundary of sinusoidal shape, the so called wavy wall. The boundary is given
by
0 sin = x h y o
h denotes the amplitude of the waves of the wall, and
o
t 2
= l is the wavelength
NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering
5
For plane subsonic or supersonic flow, the linear equation may be used
( ) 0 1
2
2
2
2
2
=
c
c
+
c
c
y x
M
Subject to the boundary conditions
y x c
c
c
c
,
are finite at infinity
and
( )
0
,0
y wall
y
x U
y x
v
=
| | | | c c
= =
| |
c c
\ . \ .
x h U o o cos
=
Consider 0 1
2
>
M , i.e., a subsonic flow. The equation is elliptic
0
1
2
2
2 2
2
=
c
c
+
c
c
y x
Try
( ) ( ) ( ) y G x F y x = ,
0
2
= ' ' + ' ' G F G F |
or
0
1
2
=
' '
+
' '
G
G
F
F
|
h
x
y
U
d
NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering
6
----xxx---