PHYFUN4 FINAL EXAMINATION 16 December 2013 Name: ________________________________________ Mu !

"# e $%&"ce: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the be'! answer to each of the following questions. You may use the back pages for scratch work. %m C 0 = 1 .#& 10 & 0 = "."# 10 1 e = 1.6 10 19 C $ !m
melectron = 9.11 10 '1 kg
mproton 1.6& 10 & kg

1. $ nucleus of neon+ 0 has 10 protons and 10 neutrons. $ nucleus of terbium+160 has 6# protons and 9# neutrons. Compared to the radius of a neon+ 0 nucleus, the radius of a terbium+160 nucleus is times -----larger $. 9.# .. " C. 6.# /. ) E. . 0hy do stable nuclei with many nucleons 1those with a large 2alue of A3 ha2e more neutrons than protons4 $. $n indi2idual nucleon interacts 2ia the nuclear force with only a few of its neighboring nucleons. .. %he electric force between protons acts o2er long distances. C. %he nuclear force fa2ors pairing of both neutrons and protons. /. both $. and .. E. all of $., .., and C. '. 0hich kinds of unstable nuclei typically decay by emitting an alpha particle4 $. those with too many neutrons .. those with too many protons C. those with too many neutrons and too many protons /. 5isleading question 6 the numbers of neutrons and protons in a nucleus are unrelated to whether or not it emits an alpha particle. E. those whose atomic number that are an integer multiple of that of helium ). 0hich kinds of unstable nuclei typically decay by emitting an electron4 $. those with too many neutrons .. those with too many protons C. those with too many neutrons and too many protons /. 5isleading question 6 the numbers of neutrons and protons in a nucleus are unrelated to whether or not it emits an electron. E. those whose atomic number that are an integer multiple of that of helium #. 0hich kinds of unstable nuclei typically decay by emitting a gamma+ray photon4 $. those with too many neutrons .. those with too many protons C. those with too many neutrons and too many protons /. 5isleading question 6 the numbers of neutrons and protons in a nucleus are unrelated to whether or not it emits gamma rays. E. those whose atomic number that are an integer multiple of that of helium 6. $s a sample of radioacti2e material decays, the decay rate $. is directly proportional to the half+life and directly proportional to the number of radioacti2e nuclei remaining. .. is directly proportional to the half+life and in2ersely proportional to the number of radioacti2e nuclei remaining. C. is in2ersely proportional to the half+life and directly proportional to the number of radioacti2e nuclei remaining. /. is in2ersely proportional to the half+life and in2ersely proportional to the number of radioacti2e nuclei remaining E. is in2ersely proportional to the square of the half+life and in2ersely proportional to the number of radioacti2e nuclei remaining &. 0hy does nuclear fusion of hydrogen require high temperatures4 $. 7ositi2e charges repel each other. .. %he nuclear force only acts at short range. C. both $. and .. /. 7ositi2e charges e8perience repulsi2e nuclear forces between them E. $, . and / are true ". 0hich of the following is false4 $. !eutral elements must ha2e a balanced number of protons and electrons. .. %he number of neutrons in the nucleus 2aries and is often greater than the number of protons. C. %he a2erage atomic mass under the symbol comes from a weighted a2erage obtained by summing each isotopic mass in amu multiplied by that isotope9s natural abundance. /. Carbon has three isotopes, C+1 , C+1', and C+1). 0hen each isotope is multiplied by the natural abundance, C+1' dominates. E. %he contribution of the hea2ier isotopes of carbon is apparent when the a2erage is found on the periodic table to be 1 .011 amu.

h = 6.6' 10 ') ( s c = ' 10" m*s

1 eV =1.6 10 19 (

9. 0hich of the following is true4 $. %he proton is a fermion and therefore sub:ect to e8ternal fields. .. .ecause your body is full of protons, a medical test that could make use of the proton would be 2ery useful indeed. C. ;f one were to add up the rest mass of si8 electrons, si8 protons, and si8 neutrons that build a C+ 1 isotope, one would find the mass of the assembled atom to be slightly less than the mass of the combined parts. /. %he mass defect 1or portions thereof3, con2erted to energy in :oules by E < mc , would be the source of the energy that9s released when, say, one atom of uranium is split into one atom of krypton and one atom of barium. E. $ll of the abo2e are true. 10. 0hich of the following is true about nuclear fission4 $. ;t requires enough material to sustain the cascade. %his effect is called a =chain reaction,> and the amount of material is called =the critical mass.> .. %he energy released is immense. %his is the reaction that powers a star. C. .oth $ and . are true. /. 2iolates Einstein9s energy+mass equation E. is a smaller 2ersion of nuclear fusion 11. 0hich of the following is true about nuclear fusion4 $. ;t requires enough material to sustain the cascade. %his effect is called a =chain reaction,> and the amount of material is called =the critical mass.> .. %he energy released is immense. %his is the reaction that powers a star. C. .oth $ and . are true. /. lighter isotopes are added together to make a hea2ier one. E. is a larger manifestation of nuclear fission 1 . %he strong nuclear force has a short range compared to the electromagnetic force. 0hy is this4 $. %he particles that mediate the strong force are charged, while those that mediate the electromagnetic force are neutral. .. %he particles that mediate the strong force are massi2e, while those that mediate the electromagnetic force are massless. C. %he particles that mediate the strong force ha2e spin 0, while those that mediate the electromagnetic force ha2e spin 1. /. all of $., .., and C. E. none of $., .., or C. 1'. 0hat is the ad2antage of using colliding beams in particle physics e8periments4 $. %he a2ailable energy is larger. .. %he reaction products are always produced at rest, so they can be studied at leisure. C. %here are fewer problems with the apparatus becoming radioacti2e. /. both $. and .. E. all of $., .., or C. 1). 0hat causes the 2ery large redshifts of e8tremely distant gala8ies4 $. the /oppler effect .. the stretching of light wa2es as they tra2erse an e8panding uni2erse C. the cooling+off of the e8panding uni2erse /. differences between the kinds of stars that e8isted in the distant past and those that e8ist today E. a gra2itational effect related to photons climbing out of the strong gra2ity of a distant gala8y 1#. 7rior to the appearance of the first stars, the chemical composition of the uni2erse was $. &#? hydrogen and #? helium by mass. .. #0? hydrogen and #0? helium by mass. C. #? hydrogen and &#? helium by mass. /. essentially 100? hydrogen. E. essentially 100? helium. 16. 0e cannot detect photons emitted earlier than about '"0,000 years after the .ig .ang. 0hy not4 $. %here were no atoms before this time, so there were no transitions between atomic energy le2els and hence no photon emission. .. %here were no atoms before this time and the uni2erse was opaque. C. %here were no nuclei before this time, only baryons and electrons, so the uni2erse was opaque. /. %here were no photons before this time, only baryons and electrons. E. %he uni2erse was :ust too dense. 1&. %he pre2ailing model of the nuclear atom is largely based on $. @utherford9s nuclear model .. the plum+pudding model C. the .ohr model /. Aommerfeld model E. Beisenberg model 1". 0hich of the following is correct4 '" ') ) '" ') ) $. 9 U 9 Th +0 He /. 9 U 9 Th + He .. C.
'" 9 ) U ') 90Th + He

E.

'" 9

' U '# 90Th + He

'" 9

) U ') 90Th + He

19. %he process in the pre2ious item is $. a fusion reaction C. beta decay .. a fission reaction /. alpha decay 0. 0hich of the following is correct4 60 C 60 0 $. " Ni " Ni +0 ..
60 " C 0 0 Co60 & Ni + 1 e +0

E. gamma decay
60 " C 0 0 Co60 " Ni ++1 e +0

/.

E. .oth $ and . are correct

Ni Ni + C. 1. %he nuclear process in the pre2ious item releases $. positrons C. 2isible light .. neutrons /. alpha particles . 0hich of the following is correct4 60 C 60 0 $. " Ni " Ni +1
60 " C 60 " 0 1

E. gamma radiation
60 " C 0 0 Co60 " Ni ++1 e +0

/.

..

Ni Ni + C. '. %he nuclear process in the pre2ious item releases $. positrons C. 2isible light .. electrons /. gamma radiation #. 0hich of the following is correct4 11 11 0 $. 6 C /. # B+ 1
C 60 " 0 1

60 " 60 "

C 0 0 Co60 " Ni + 1 e +0

E. .oth $ and . are correct

E. .oth $ and /
11 6 11 0 C # B+ 1e

..

60 "

C 0 0 Co60 " Ni + 1 e +0

E. .oth $ and . are correct

C. C B + 6. %he nuclear process in the pre2ious item releases $. positrons C. positrons and antineutrino E. .oth $ and / .. electrons /. gamma radiation &. $ certain particle has a kinetic energy of '. D10E10 ( and a momentum of 1.&D10E1" kg Fm*s. ;ts mass is G $. 9.11 D 10E'1 kgC. ).# D 10E & kg .. .& D 10E & kg /. 6.' D 10E & kg E. ".6 D 10E & kg ". %he force that keeps the proton9s inside the nucleus from flying out is the $. strong nuclear force C. gra2itational force E. electromoti2e force .. Coulomb force /. magnetic force 9. ;t is impossible to make precise determinations of a coordinate of a particle and the corresponding momentum at the same time. %his is G $. .orn9s interpretation of the wa2efunction .. de .roglie postulate C. Compton effect /. Beisenberg9s uncertainty principle E. Bubble9s law '0. $n electron has a de .roglie wa2elength of ."0 angstrom. ;ts momentum is G $. 0 C. .'& 8 10 ) kgm*s E. infinity + ) .. .'& 8 10 kgm*s /. ). 8 10 ' kgm*s
11 6 11 # 0 0