Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2 (51) - 2009
Series II: Forestry • Wood Engineering • Agriculture and Food Engineering
W. LAURENZI1 K. MARET2
Abstract: On every process act many factors. Every factor has a greater or
lesser influence on the process. In order to optimize a process it’s necessary
to know the influences and the interactions of these factors on the process,
respectively to know the mathematical model of the process. One of the most
used models is a non-linear second order model. If this model is unknown it’s
possible to obtain it by modelling with rotatable experiments. The aim of this
paper is to present the theoretical bases and a program for experimenting
and modelling processes with rotatable experiments.
1
Department of Wood Machines, Faculty of Wood Industry Transilvania University of Braşov.
2
IBH, Ingenierbüro Holztechnik, Susoweg 2, 89077 Ulm, Germany
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov • Vol. 2 (51) - 2009 • Series II
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4 +1 +1 25 50
C.F.E 32
5 −1 −1 5 10
6 +1 −1 25 10
7 −1 +1 5 50
8 +1 +1 25 50
9 0 0 15 30
Laurenzi, W., Maret, K.: Program for non-linear modeling of a process.
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x2
(0,+2)
(+2,0)
and a BW program [3] Table 2
(-2,0)
Correspondence between the codified and real values of a RP2 program. Table 4
Codified values xi -α or -2 -1 0 +1 + α or +2
Real values zi zimin zi0 − ∆zi zi0 zi0 + ∆zi zimax
3 +1 -1 60 10
4 -1 -1 40 10
5 0 +α (+1.41) 50 ≈22
6 0 -α (-1.41) 50 ≈8
7 +α (+1.41) 0 ≈64 15
8 -α (-1.41) 0 ≈36 15
9 0 0 50 15
10 0 0 50 15
11 0 0 50 15
12 0 0 50 15
13 0 0 50 15
N
∑x iu x ju y u
(9)
The correspondence between the bij = u =1
[3]: G = H ( e − Nn )
−1 2
c (18)
N N N H = 2α [ Nf + ( n − 1) Nn − ne ] ,
4
(19) 2
b0 = D ∑ yu + E ∑∑ x yu
c
2
iu (7) N = nc + 2n + n0 (20)
u =1 i =1 u =1
N
∑x iu yu
(8)
bi = u =1
∑( y yu )
−~
2
values of n, n0, α, D, E, F and G are u
s (26)
presented in Table 6. sr2 = r = u =1
Fig. 6. Mathematical model for two factors with all significant coefficients.
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov • Vol. 2 (51) - 2009 • Series II
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the real value in the centre of the method presented in this paper is very
experiment the variation interval, the useful in process optimizing. Using
Number of factors, the number of rotatable experimental programs the
experiments and the number of parallel number of experiments could be reduced
experiments in the centre. without significant precision losses. Also
The main menu allows also choosing the method allows obtaining of
the type of the experiment (orthogonal mathematical models of second order
OP or rotatable RP programs) and the which can be used in the optimizing
type of the mathematical model (linear process. The program which is based on
or non-linear models). this method is very easy to use and
With the buttons placed on the bottom constitute a real help in different
of the right pane are realized following experimental and modelling researches.
operations:
- displaying the codified (Figure 3) References
and the real programming matrixes
without (Figure 4) and with 1. Laurenzi, W. Contribuţii la
measured values (Figure 5) modelarea şi optimizarea
- loading or saving the real aşchierii lemnului cu pânze
programming matrixes without or circulare în vederea conducerii
with the measured values; procesului de tăiere cu ajutorul
- calculating and displaying (Figures calculatorului (Contributions for
6 and 7) the mathematical model modelling and optimization of
with or without the significant wood cutting with circular saw
factors and the result of the
blades in order to lead the
concordance test of the
mathematical model. process with a computer). In:
Ph.D. Thesis, Transilvania University
6. Conclusions of Braşov, Braşov, Romania, 2000
2. Laurenzi, W., Taran, N.,
The experimenting and modelling Mihailescu, T., Popa, V.: 2000.
Laurenzi, W., Maret, K.: Program for non-linear modeling of a process.
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