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kULL 122: ALAL
Sect|on 1. Who may appea|.
Any party may appea| from a [udgment or f|na| order, un|ess the
accused w||| be p|aced |n doub|e [eopardy. (2a)
I. Who May Appea|
1. 1he accused
2. 1he offended parLy (buL only as regards Lhe clvll aspecL of Lhe
case)
3. eople of Lhe hlllpplnes ! Llke when a moLlon Lo quash Lhe
lnformaLlon was granLed, Lhe SLaLe can appeal slnce double
[eopardy has noL seL ln (M1C ls flled 8LlC8L arralgnmenL).
II. Lffect of appea|s:
ln clvll ! courL wlll only conslder Lhe asslgnmenL of errors
ln crlmlnal ! Lhe Ln1l8L case ls open for revlew.
o So Lhe penalLy can acLually be lncreased on appeal.
Sect|on 2. Where to appea|.
1he appea| may be taken as fo||ows:
(a) 1o the keg|ona| 1r|a| Court, |n cases dec|ded by the Metropo||tan
1r|a| Court, Mun|c|pa| 1r|a| Court |n C|t|es, Mun|c|pa| 1r|a| Court, or
Mun|c|pa| C|rcu|t 1r|a| Court,
(b) 1o the Court of Appea|s or to the Supreme Court |n the proper
cases prov|ded by |aw, |n cases dec|ded by the keg|ona| 1r|a| Court,
and
(c) 1o the Supreme Court, |n cases dec|ded by the Court of Appea|s.
(1a)
Sect|on 3. now appea| taken.
(a) 1he appea| to the keg|ona| 1r|a| Court, or to the Court of Appea|s |n
cases dec|ded by the keg|ona| 1r|a| Court |n the exerc|se of |ts or|g|na|
[ur|sd|ct|on, sha|| be by not|ce of appea| f||ed w|th the court wh|ch
rendered the [udgment or f|na| order appea|ed from and by serv|ng a
copy thereof upon the adverse party.
(b) 1he appea| to the Court of Appea|s |n cases dec|ded by the keg|ona|
1r|a| Court |n the exerc|se of |ts appe||ate [ur|sd|ct|on sha|| be by
pet|t|on for rev|ew under ku|e 42.
(c) 1he appea| |n cases where the pena|ty |mposed by the keg|ona|
1r|a| Court |s rec|us|on perpetua, ||fe |mpr|sonment or where a |esser
pena|ty |s |mposed for offenses comm|tted on the same occas|on or
wh|ch arose out of the same occurrence that gave r|se to the more
ser|ous offense for wh|ch the pena|ty of death, rec|us|on perpetua, or
||fe |mpr|sonment |s |mposed, sha|| be by not|ce of appea| to the Court
of Appea|s |n accordance w|th paragraph (a) of th|s ku|e.
(d) No not|ce of appea| |s necessary |n cases where the keg|ona| 1r|a|
Court |mposed the death pena|ty. 1he Court of Appea|s sha||
automat|ca||y rev|ew the [udgment as prov|ded |n Sect|on 10 of th|s
ku|e. (3a) (As amended by SC keso|ut|on A.M. No. 00-S-03-SC, Sept.
28, 2004)
I. M1C dec|des ! appea| to k1C
now: noLlce of appeal
o Lxample: ConvlcLed of acLs of lasclvlousness ln M1C, flle
noLlce of appeal ln M1C so 81C can rule on Lhe appeal
1he 81C may requlre Lhe submlsslon of memoranda by Lhe
parLles on whlch lL wlll base lLs rullngs.
o no hearlng wlll be conducLed slnce Lhe 81C ls acLlng
Lhrough lLs appellaLe [urlsdlcLlon.
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II. k1C dec|des ! appea| to CA
now: uepends on wheLher whaL ls belng appealed ls a declslon
from a case declded Lhrough orlglnal [urlsdlcLlon C8 a declslon
made Lhrough Lhe 81C's appellaLe [urlsdlcLlon.
81C acLlng orlglnally: vla noLlce of appeal flled ln Lhe 81C (ku|e
41)
o Applles also lf penalLy lmposed by 81C ls recluslon
perpeLual or llfe lmprlsonmenL.
o lf deaLh ls lmposed, Lhe case goes sLralghL Lo Lhe CA (no
need for noLlce of appeal).
o Compared wlLh clvll: record of appeal allowed
o rocedure ln CA:
" llle appellanL's brlef wlLhln 30 days, appellee's
brlef wlLhln 30 days, and reply brlef wlLhln 20
days (30-30-20) ! ku|e 124
" Compared wlLh clvll: 43-43-20 (ku|e 44)
81C acLlng as an appellaLe courL: vla peLlLlon for revlew under
ku|e 42
o Llke when flled orlglnally ln M1C and afflrmed ln Lhe
81C
o 1hls ls Lhe same wlLh clvll
Can a declslon from Lhe 81C go sLralghL Lo Lhe SC?
o ?LS. lf based purely on quesLlons of law. use ku|e 4S.
III. CA dec|des ! appea| to SC
Genera| ku|e: Always vla peLlLlon for revlew on cerLlorarl under
ku|e 4S (pure quesLlons of law)
Lxcept|on:
o When CA decldes penalLy ls 8/Ll, (or offenses
commlLLed ln Lhe same occaslon or same occurrence
whlch game rlse Lo Lhe offense of 8/Ll) remedy ls by
noLlce of appeal wlLh Lhe CA Lo Lhe SC
" lmporLanL: 1hls ls Lhe only lnsLance when ku|e
4S ls noL used Lo go up Lo Lhe SC on appeal. 1he
same rule as from S8.
o When CA decldes deaLh, lL wlll render buL nC1 enLer a
[udgmenL and cerLlfy Lhe case Lo Lhe SC.
" 1he case of Lhe accompllces and accessorles wlll
also be cerLlfled Lo Lhe SC.
IV. S8 dec|des ! appea| to SC
enalLy ls less Lhan deaLh/llfe/8 ! ku|e 4S Lo SC (peLlLlon for
revlew on cerLlorarl)
enalLy ls llfe/8 ! noLlce of appeal Lo Lhe SC
o noLe: When Lhe declslon ls ralsed Lo Lhe SC on noLlce of
appeal (8/Ll), boLh quesLlons on facLs and law can be
ralsed.
enalLy ls deaLh ! auLomaLlc revlew Lo SC
S8 decldes on appellaLe [urlsdlcLlon from 81C lmposlng Lhe
penalLy of u/Ll/8 ! S8 wlll render buL noL enLer and cerLlfy up
Lo Lhe SC.
V. What happens |f the accused uses the wrong mode for appea|?
Genera| ku|e: 1he [udgmenL wlll become flnal and execuLory
because Lhe runnlng of Lhe appeal perlod wlll noL be Lolled.
Lxcept|on: When Lhe lnLeresL of [usLlce would allow
Deus v. eop|e ! where 8ule 63 was used lnsLead of a noLlce of
appeal. 8uL ln Lhe lnLeresL of [usLlce, Lhls fell ln Lhe excepLlon.
1he wrong mode of appeal was done by an lndlgenL who dld noL
have a lawyer.
Sect|on 4. ub||cat|on of not|ce of appea|.
If persona| serv|ce of the copy of the not|ce of appea| can not be made
upon the adverse party or h|s counse|, serv|ce may be done by
reg|stered ma|| or by subst|tuted serv|ce pursuant to Sect|ons 7 and 8
of ku|e 13. (4a)
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I. ku|e 13
Sect|on 7. Serv|ce by ma||.
Servlce by reglsLered mall shall be made by deposlLlng Lhe copy ln Lhe
posL offlce ln a sealed envelope, plalnly addressed Lo Lhe parLy or hls
counsel aL hls offlce, lf known, oLherwlse aL hls resldence, lf known, wlLh
posLage fully prepald, and wlLh lnsLrucLlons Lo Lhe posLmasLer Lo reLurn
Lhe mall Lo Lhe sender afLer Len (10) days lf undellvered. lf no reglsLry
servlce ls avallable ln Lhe locallLy of elLher Lhe senders or Lhe addressee,
servlce may be done by ordlnary mall. (3a, 8ar MaLLer no. 803, 17
lebruary 1998)
Sect|on 8. Subst|tuted serv|ce.
lf servlce of pleadlngs, moLlons, noLlces, resoluLlons, orders and oLher
papers cannoL be made under Lhe Lwo precedlng secLlons, Lhe offlce
and place of resldence of Lhe parLy or hls counsel belng unknown,
servlce may be made by dellverlng Lhe copy Lo Lhe clerk of courL, wlLh
proof of fallure of boLh personal servlce and servlce by mall. 1he servlce
ls compleLe aL Lhe Llme of such dellvery. (6a)
Sect|on S. Wa|ver of not|ce.
1he appe||ee may wa|ve h|s r|ght to a not|ce that an appea| has been
taken. 1he appe||ate court may, |n |ts d|scret|on, enterta|n an appea|
notw|thstand|ng fa||ure to g|ve such not|ce |f the |nterests of [ust|ce so
requ|re. (Sa)
Sect|on 6. When appea| to be taken.
An appea| must be taken w|th|n f|fteen (1S) days from promu|gat|on of
the [udgment or from not|ce of the f|na| order appea|ed from. 1h|s
per|od for perfect|ng an appea| sha|| be suspended from the t|me a
mot|on for new tr|a| or recons|derat|on |s f||ed unt|| not|ce of the order
overru||ng the mot|on has been served upon the accused or h|s
counse| at wh|ch t|me the ba|ance of the per|od beg|ns to run. (6a)
Sect|on 7. 1ranscr|b|ng and f|||ng notes of stenograph|c reporter upon
appea|.
When not|ce of appea| |s f||ed by the accused, the tr|a| court sha||
d|rect the stenograph|c reporter to transcr|be h|s notes of the
proceed|ngs. When f||ed by the eop|e of the h|||pp|nes, the tr|a|
court sha|| d|rect the stenograph|c reporter to transcr|be such port|on
of h|s notes of the proceed|ngs as the court, upon mot|on, sha|| spec|fy
|n wr|t|ng. 1he stenograph|c reporter sha|| cert|fy to the correctness of
the notes and the transcr|pt thereof, wh|ch sha|| cons|st of the or|g|na|
and four (4) cop|es, and sha|| f||e sa|d or|g|na| and four cop|es w|th the
c|erk w|thout unnecessary de|ay.
If death pena|ty |s |mposed, the stenograph|c reporter sha||, w|th|n
th|rty (30) days from promu|gat|on of the sentence, f||e w|th the c|erk
the or|g|na| and four cop|es of the du|y cert|f|ed transcr|pt of h|s notes
of the proceed|ngs. No extens|on of t|me for f|||ng of sa|d transcr|pt of
stenograph|c notes sha|| be granted except by the Supreme Court and
on|y upon [ust|f|ab|e grounds. (7a)
Sect|on 8. 1ransm|ss|on of papers to appe||ate court upon appea|.
W|th|n f|ve (S) days from the f|||ng of the not|ce of appea|, the c|erk of
the court w|th whom the not|ce of appea| was f||ed must transm|t to
the c|erk of court of the appe||ate court the comp|ete record of the
case, together w|th sa|d not|ce. 1he or|g|na| and three (3) cop|es of the
transcr|pt of stenograph|c notes, together w|th the records, sha|| a|so
be transm|tted to the c|erk of the appe||ate court w|thout undue
de|ay. 1he other copy of the transcr|pt sha|| rema|n |n the |ower court.
(8a)
Sect|on 9. Appea| to the keg|ona| 1r|a| Courts.
(a) W|th|n f|ve (S) days from perfect|on of the appea|, the c|erk of
court sha|| transm|t the or|g|na| record to the appropr|ate keg|ona|
1r|a| Court.
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(b) Upon rece|pt of the comp|ete record of the case, transcr|pts and
exh|b|ts, the c|erk of court of the keg|ona| 1r|a| Court sha|| not|fy the
part|es of such fact.
(c) W|th|n f|fteen (1S) days from rece|pt of sa|d not|ce, the part|es may
subm|t memoranda or br|efs, or may be requ|red by the keg|ona| 1r|a|
Court to do so. After the subm|ss|on of such memoranda or br|efs, or
upon the exp|rat|on of the per|od to f||e the same, the keg|ona| 1r|a|
Court sha|| dec|de the case on the bas|s of the ent|re record of the case
and of such memoranda or br|efs as may have been f||ed. (9a)
Sect|on 10. 1ransm|ss|on of records |n case of death pena|ty.
In a|| cases where the death pena|ty |s |mposed by the tr|a| court, the
records sha|| be forwarded to the Court of Appea|s for automat|c
rev|ew and [udgment w|th|n twenty (20) days but not ear||er than
f|fteen (1S) days from the promu|gat|on of the [udgment or not|ce of
den|a| of a mot|on for new tr|a| or recons|derat|on. 1he transcr|pt sha||
a|so be forwarded w|th|n ten (10) days after the f|||ng thereof by the
stenograph|c reporter. (10a) (As amended by SC keso|ut|on A.M. No.
00-S-03-SC, Sept. 28, 2004)
Sect|on 11. Lffect of appea| by any of severa| accused.
(a) An appea| taken by one or more of severa| accused sha|| not affect
those who d|d not appea|, except |nsofar as the [udgment of the
appe||ate court |s favorab|e and app||cab|e to the |atter.
(b) 1he appea| of the offended party from the c|v|| aspect sha|| not
affect the cr|m|na| aspect of the [udgment or order appea|ed from.
(c) Upon perfect|on of the appea|, the execut|on of the [udgment or
f|na| order appea|ed from sha|| be stayed as to the appea||ng party.
(11a)
Sect|on 12. W|thdrawa| of appea|.
Notw|thstand|ng perfect|on of the appea|, the keg|ona| 1r|a| Court,
Metropo||tan 1r|a| Court, Mun|c|pa| 1r|a| Court |n C|t|es, Mun|c|pa|
1r|a| Court, or Mun|c|pa| C|rcu|t 1r|a| Court, as the case may be, may
a||ow the appe||ant to w|thdraw h|s appea| before the record has been
forwarded by the c|erk of court to the proper appe||ate court as
prov|ded |n Sect|on 8, |n wh|ch case the [udgment sha|| become f|na|.
1he keg|ona| 1r|a| Court may a|so, |n |ts d|scret|on, a||ow the appe||ant
from the [udgment of a Metropo||tan 1r|a| Court, Mun|c|pa| 1r|a| Court
|n C|t|es, Mun|c|pa| 1r|a| Court, or Mun|c|pa| C|rcu|t 1r|a| Court to
w|thdraw h|s appea|, prov|ded a mot|on to that effect |s f||ed before
rend|t|on of the [udgment |n the case on appea|, |n wh|ch case the
[udgment of the court of or|g|n sha|| become f|na| and the case sha|| be
remanded to the |atter court for execut|on of the [udgment. (12a)
Sect|on 13. Appo|ntment of counse| de of|c|o for accused on appea|.
It sha|| be the duty of the c|erk of court of the tr|a| court, upon f|||ng of
a not|ce of appea|, to ascerta|n from the appe||ant, |f conf|ned |n
pr|son, whether he des|res the keg|ona| 1r|a| Court, Court of Appea|s
or the Supreme Court to appo|nt a counse| de of|c|o to defend h|m and
to transm|t w|th the record on a form to be prepared by the c|erk of
court of the appe||ate court, a cert|f|cate of comp||ance w|th th|s duty
and of the response of the appe||ant to h|s |nqu|ry. (13a)
I. 1r|a| court c|erk |s duty bound to ascerta|n from the accused |f he
wants a counse| de off|c|o, then court w||| appo|nt.
II. What're the other |nstances where mandatory to g|ve a counse| de
off|c|o?
1. upon arralgnmenL, buL LhaL ls by Lhe courL.
2. 8ead wlLh ku|e 124, Sect|on 2 (appolnLmenL by Lhe CA)
3. Also allowed by Lhe SC buL noL found ln Lhe rules