The Components of Matter Chapter 2

Multiple Choice Questions 1. M Kaolinite, a clay mineral with the formula Al4Si4O10 O!"#, is use$ as a filler in slic%&paper for ma'a(ines an$ as a raw material for ceramics. Analysis shows that 14.)* ' of %aolinite contains #.00+ ' of o,y'en. Calculate the mass percent of o,y'en in %aolinite. a. /. c. $. e. 2. M 1.-+2 mass . 24.#0 mass . )0.#1 mass . )4.12 mass . **.#1 mass .

Compoun$ 1 has a composition of 40.- mass . of element A an$ *).) mass . of element 1. A an$ 1 also form a secon$ /inary compoun$ compoun$ 2". 2f the compositions of the two compoun$s are consistent with the law of multiple proportions, which of the followin' compositions coul$ /e that of compoun$ 23 a. /. c. $. e. 2).4 mass . A )0.4 mass . A )).) mass . A *).) mass . A -).) mass . A -0.0 mass . 1 0+.0 mass . 1 00.- mass . 1 40.- mass . 1 20.- mass . 1

). 6

4. 4. Thomson stu$ie$ catho$e ray particles electrons" an$ was a/le to measure the mass5char'e ratio. !is results showe$ that a. /. c. $. e. the mass5char'e ratio 7arie$ with as the catho$e material was chan'e$. the char'e was always a whole&num/er multiple of some minimum char'e. matter inclu$e$ particles much smaller than the atom. atoms containe$ $ense areas of positi7e char'e. atoms are lar'ely empty space.

4. 6

8ho is cre$ite$ with measurin' the mass5char'e ratio of the electron3 a. /. c. $. e. 9alton :ay&;ussac Thomson Milli%an <utherfor$

*. 6

8ho is cre$ite$ with first measurin' the char'e of the electron3 a. /. c. $. e. 9alton :ay&;ussac Thomson Milli%an <utherfor$

14

0. 6

Milli%an=s oil&$rop e,periment a. /. c. $. e. esta/lishe$ the char'e on an electron. showe$ that all oil $rops carrie$ the same char'e. pro7i$e$ support for the nuclear mo$el of the atom. su''este$ that some oil $rops carrie$ fractional num/ers of electrons. su''este$ the presence of a neutral particle in the atom.

-. M

2n a Milli%an oil&$rop e,periment, the char'es on se7eral $ifferent oil $rops were as follows> ?*.+2@ ?4.44@ ?2.+0@ ?#.##. The units are ar/itrary. 8hat is the li%ely 7alue of the electronic char'e in these ar/itrary units3 a. /. c. $. e. ?1.11 ?1.4# ?2.22 ?2.+0 ?*.**

#. 6

8ho is cre$ite$ with $isco7erin' the atomic nucleus3 a. /. c. $. e. 9alton :ay&;ussac Thomson Milli%an <utherfor$

+. M

<utherfor$ /om/ar$e$ 'ol$ foil with alpha " particles an$ foun$ that a small percenta'e of the particles were $eflecte$. 8hich of the followin' was not accounte$ for /y the mo$el he propose$ for the structure of atoms3 a. /. c. $. e. the small si(e of the nucleus the char'e on the nucleus the total mass of the atom the e,istence of protons the presence of electrons outsi$e the nucleus

10. M

8hich one of the followin' statements a/out atoms an$ su/atomic particles is correct3 a. /. c. $. e. <utherfor$ $isco7ere$ the atomic nucleus /y /om/ar$in' 'ol$ foil with electrons. The proton an$ the neutron ha7e i$entical masses. The neutron=s mass is eAual to that of a proton plus an electron. A neutral atom contains eAual num/ers of protons an$ electrons. An atomic nucleus contains eAual num/ers of protons an$ neutrons.
#1 )* 1r

11. 6

1romine is the only nonmetal that is a liAui$ at room temperature. Consi$er the isotope /romine&#1, Select the com/ination which lists the correct atomic num/er, neutron num/er, an$ mass num/er, respecti7ely. a. /. c. $. e. )*, 40, #1 )*, #1, 40 #1, 40, )* 40, #1, )* )*, #1, 110

15

12. 6

Atoms B, C, D, an$ < ha7e the followin' nuclear compositions>

410 1#0

410 1#)C

412 1#0 D

412 1#* <

8hich two are isotopes3 a. /. c. $. e. 1). ! BEC BE< CE< DE< BED

;ithium forms compoun$s which are use$ in $ry cells an$ stora'e /atteries an$ in hi'h&temperature lu/ricants. 2t has two naturally occurrin' isotopes, 0;i isotopic mass F 0.01*121 amu" an$ -;i isotopic mass F -.01000) amu". ;ithium has an atomic mass of 0.+40+ amu. 8hat is the percent a/un$ance of lithium&03 a. /. c. $. e. +2.*0. #0.00. 40.10. -.*0). 0.0#0.

14. M

Silicon, which ma%es up a/out 2*. of 6arth=s crust /y mass, is use$ wi$ely in the mo$ern electronics in$ustry. 2t has three naturally occurrin' isotopes, 2#Si, 2+Si, an$ )0Si. Calculate the atomic mass of silicon. 2sotope 2sotopic Mass amu" A/un$ance .
2# 2+

Si Si )0 Si a. /. c. $. e. 1*. 6

2-.+-0+22#.+-04+* 2+.+-)--0 2+.22*2 amu 2#.+-*- amu 2#.-200 amu 2#.0#** amu 2-.+#01 amu

+2.2) 4.0).10

8hich of the followin' elements are the least reacti7e3 a. /. c. $. e. al%ali metals no/le 'ases halo'ens al%aline earth metals metalloi$s

10. 6

8hich of the followin' is a non&metal3 a. /. c. $. e. lithium, ;i, Z F ) /romine, 1r, Z F )* mercury, !', Z F #0 /ismuth, 1i, Z F #) so$ium, Ga, Z F 11

16

1-. M

8hich of the followin' is a metal3 a. /. c. $. e. nitro'en, G, Z F phosphorus, H, Z F 1* arsenic, Z F )) thallium, Tl, Z F #1 silicon, Si, Z F 14

1#. M

8hich of the followin' is a metalloi$3 a. /. c. $. e. car/on, C, Z F 0 sulfur, S, Z F 10 'ermanium, :e, Z F )2 iri$ium, Z F -/romine, 1r, Z F )*

1+. 6

A column of the perio$ic ta/le is calle$ a a. /. c. $. e. 'roup perio$ isotopic mi,ture pillar shell

20. 6

A row of the perio$ic ta/le is calle$ a a. /. c. $. e. 'roup perio$ isotopic mi,ture family su/shell

21. M

8hich of the followin' compoun$s is ionic3 a. /. c. $. e. HI) CS2 !Cl SO2 M'Cl2

22. 6

8hich of the followin' ions occurs commonly3 a. /. c. $. e. G)J S0+ O2? CaJ ClJ

2). 6

8hich of the followin' ions occurs commonly3 a. /. c. $. e. H)J 1r-J O0J Ca2J K?

17

24. M

8hich of the followin' compoun$s is co7alent3 a. /. c. $. e. CaCl2 M'O Al2O) Cs2S HCl)

2*. M

8hich, if any, of the followin' elements $o not occur in the maKor classes of or'anic compoun$s3 a. /. c. $. e. ! C G O All the a/o7e elements occur in the maKor classes of or'anic compoun$s.

20. 6

8hich of the followin' is the empirical formula for he,ane, C0!143 a. /. c. $. e. C12!2# C0!14 C)!C!2.) C0.4)!

2-. 6

So$ium o,i$e com/ines 7iolently with water. 8hich of the followin' 'i7es the formula an$ the /on$in' for so$ium o,i$e3 a. /. c. $. e. GaO, ionic compoun$ GaO, co7alent compoun$ Ga2O, ionic compoun$ Ga2O, co7alent compoun$ Ga2O2, ionic compoun$

2#. 6

1arium fluori$e is use$ in em/almin' an$ in 'lass manufacturin'. 8hich of the followin' 'i7es the formula an$ /on$in' for /arium fluori$e3 a. /. c. $. e. 1aI2, ionic compoun$ 1aI2, co7alent compoun$ 1aI, ionic compoun$ 1aI, co7alent compoun$ 1a2I, ionic compoun$

2+. M

The colorless su/stance, M'I2, is use$ in the ceramics an$ 'lass in$ustry. 8hat is its name3 a. /. c. $. e. ma'nesium $ifluori$e ma'nesium fluori$e ma'nesium 22" fluori$e monoma'nesium $ifluori$e none of the a/o7e, since they are all misspelle$

18

)0. M

The compoun$, 1aO, a/sor/s water an$ car/on $io,i$e rea$ily an$ is use$ to $ry 'ases an$ or'anic sol7ents. 8hat is its name3 a. /. c. $. e. /arium o,i$e /arium 22" o,i$e /arium mono,i$e /aric o,i$e /arium pero,i$e

)1. M

8hat is the name of Ga2O3 a. /. c. $. e. $iso$ium mono,i$e so$ium mono,i$e so$ium $io,i$e so$ium 2" o,i$e so$ium o,i$e

)2. M

The su/stance, CaSe, is use$ in materials which are electron emitters. 8hat is its name3 a. /. c. $. e. calcium monoseleni$e calcium 22" seleni$e calcium seleni$e calcium 2" seleni$e calcium 22" selenium

)). M

The su/stance, CoCl2, is useful as a humi$ity in$icator /ecause it chan'es from pale /lue to pin% as it 'ains water from moist air. 8hat is its name3 a. /. c. $. e. co/alt $ichlori$e co/alt 22" chlori$e co/alt chlori$e co/altic chlori$e copper 22" chlori$e

)4. !

8hich one of the followin' com/inations of names an$ formulas of ions is incorrect3 a. /. c. $. e. O2? Al)J GO)? HO4)? CrO42? o,i$e aluminum nitrate phosphate chromate

)*. !

8hich one of the followin' com/inations of names an$ formulas of ions is incorrect3 a. /. c. $. e. O2? C$2J ClO)? !CO)? GO2? o,i$e ca$mium chlorate hy$ro'en car/onate nitrate

)0. M

8hich one of the followin' com/inations of names an$ formulas of ions is incorrect3 a. /. c. $. e. 1a2J S2? CG? ClO4? !CO)? /arium sulfate cyani$e perchlorate /icar/onate

19

)-. !

8hich one of the followin' com/inations of names an$ formulas of ions is incorrect3 a. /. c. $. e. G!4J S2? CG? S2O)2? ClO)? ammonium sulfi$e cyani$e thiosulfate perchlorate

)#. M

A re$ 'la(e on porcelain can /e pro$uce$ /y usin' MnSO4. 8hat is its name3 a. /. c. $. e. man'anese $isulfate man'anese 22" sulfate man'anese 2L" sulfate man'anese sulfate man'anese 2" sulfate

)+. M

The compoun$, G!4"2S, can /e use$ in analysis for trace amounts of metals present in a sample. 8hat is its name3 a. /. c. $. e. ammonium sulfi$e $iammonium sulfi$e ammonium sulfite ammonia 2" sulfite ammonium 2" sulfi$e

40. M

The su/stance, KClO), is a stron' o,i$i(er use$ in e,plosi7es, firewor%s, an$ matches. 8hat is its name3 a. /. c. $. e. potassium chlorite potassium chlori$e potassium 2" chlorite potassium 2" chlorate potassium chlorate

41. M

The compoun$, Ga!2HO4, is present in many /a%in' pow$ers. 8hat is its name3 a. /. c. $. e. so$ium /iphosphate so$ium hy$ro'en phosphate so$ium $ihy$ro'en phosphate so$ium hy$rophosphate so$ium $ihy$ri$e phosphate

42. M

Dinc acetate is use$ in preser7in' woo$ an$ in manufacturin' 'la(es for porcelain. 8hat is its formula3 a. /. c. $. e. DnAc2 DnC!)COO Dn C!)COO"2 Dn2C!)COO DnC!)COC!)

4). 6

Sil7er chlori$e is use$ in photo'raphic emulsions. 8hat is its formula3 a. /. c. $. e. A'2Cl) A'2Cl A'Cl) A'Cl2 A'Cl

20

44. M

1arium sulfate is use$ in manufacturin' photo'raphic paper. 8hat is its formula3 a. /. c. $. e. 1aSO4 1a SO4"2 1a2SO4 1a2 SO4") 1aSO)

4*. M

So$ium pero,i$e is an o,i$i(er use$ to /leach animal an$ 7e'eta/le fi/ers. 8hat is its formula3 a. /. c. $. e. GaO GaO2 Ga2O2 Ga2O Ga!2O2

40. 6

8hat is the formula for ma'nesium sulfi$e3 a. /. c. $. e. M'S M'S2 M'2S M'2S) M'SO4

4-. 6

Ierric o,i$e is use$ as a pi'ment in metal polishin'. 8hich of the followin' is its formula3 a. /. c. $. e. IeO Ie2O IeO) Ie2O* Ie2O)

4#. 6

8hat is the formula for lea$ 22" o,i$e3 a. /. c. $. e. H/O H/O2 H/2O H/O4 H/2O)

4+. M

Hotassium perman'anate is a stron' o,i$i(er that reacts e,plosi7ely with easily o,i$i(e$ materials. 8hat is its formula3 a. /. c. $. e. KMnO) KMnO4 K2MnO4 K MnO4"2 K2Mn2O-

*0. 6

Calcium hy$ro,i$e is use$ in mortar, plaster an$ cement. 8hat is its formula3 a. /. c. $. e. CaO! CaO!2 Ca2O! Ca O!"2 Ca!O2

21

*1. 6

8hat is the formula for lithium nitrite3 a. /. c. $. e. ;iGO2 ;i2GO2 ;iGO) ;i2GO) ;iGO4

*2. M

2ron 222" chlori$e he,ahy$rate is use$ as a coa'ulant for sewa'e an$ in$ustrial wastes. 8hat is its formula3 a. b. c. $. e. Ie Cl0!2O") Ie)Cl0!2O IeCl) !2O"0 Ie)Cl !2O"0 IeCl)0!2O

*). M

8hich one of the followin' formulas of ionic compoun$s is the least li%ely to /e correct3 a. /. c. $. e. G!4Cl 1a O!"2 Ga2SO4 Ca2GO) Cu CG"2

*4. M

8hich one of the followin' formulas of ionic compoun$s is the least li%ely to /e correct3 a. /. c. $. e. CaCl2 GaSO4 M'CO) KI Cu GO)"2

**. !

8hat is the name of the aci$ forme$ when !2S 'as is $issol7e$ in water3 a. /. c. $. e. sulfuric aci$ sulfurous aci$ hy$rosulfuric aci$ hy$rosulfurous aci$ sulfi$ic aci$

*0. M

8hat is the name of the aci$ forme$ when !1r 'as is $issol7e$ in water3 a. /. c. $. e. /romic aci$ /romous aci$ hy$ro/romic aci$ hy$ro/romous aci$ hy$ro/romi$ic aci$

*-. M

8hat is the name of the aci$ forme$ when !ClO4 liAui$ is $issol7e$ in water3 a. /. c. $. e. hy$rochloric aci$ perchloric aci$ chloric aci$ chlorous aci$ hy$rochlorate aci$

22

*#. M

8hat is the name of the aci$ forme$ when !CG 'as is $issol7e$ in water3 a. /. c. $. e. cyanic aci$ hy$rocyanic aci$ cyanous aci$ hy$rocyanous aci$ hy$ro'en cyani$e

*+. M

8hich one of the followin' com/inations of names an$ formulas is incorrect3 a. /. c. $. e. !)HO4 !GO) Ga!CO) !2CO) KO! phosphoric aci$ nitric aci$ so$ium car/onate car/onic aci$ potassium hy$ro,i$e

00. 6

8hat is the name of HCl)3 a. /. c. $. e. phosphorus chlori$e phosphoric chlori$e phosphorus trichlorate trichlorophosphi$e phosphorus trichlori$e

01. M

The compoun$, H4S10, is use$ in the manufacture of safety matches. 8hat is its name3 a. /. c. $. e. phosphorus sulfi$e phosphoric sulfi$e phosphorus $ecasulfi$e tetraphosphorus $ecasulfi$e phosphorus sulfi$e

02. M

8hat is the name of 11r)3 a. /. c. $. e. /oron /romi$e /oric /romi$e /oron tri/romi$e tri/romo/ori$e /romine tri/ori$e

0). M

8hat is the name of 2I-3 a. /. c. $. e. io$ine fluori$e io$ic fluori$e io$ine heptafluori$e heptafluoroio$i$e heptafluorine io$i$e

04. M

8hat is the name of H4Se)3 a. /. c. $. e. phosphorus seleni$e phosphorus triseleni$e tetraphosphorus seleni$e phosphoric seleni$e tetraphosphorus triseleni$e

23

0*. 6

9iio$ine pentao,i$e is use$ as an o,i$i(in' a'ent that con7erts car/on mono,i$e to car/on $io,i$e. 8hat is its chemical formula3 a. /. c. $. e. 22O* 2O* 22O* 2*O2 2O*"2

00. 6

Tetrasulfur $initri$e $ecomposes e,plosi7ely when heate$. 8hat is its formula3 a. /. c. $. e. S2G4 S4G2 4SG2 S4G S2G

0-. 6

Chlorine $io,i$e is a stron' o,i$i(er that is use$ for /leachin' flour an$ te,tiles an$ for purification of water. 8hat is its formula3 a. /. c. $. e. ClO"2 Cl2O Cl2O2 Cl2O4 ClO2

0#. 6

Ammonium sulfate, G!4"2SO4, is a fertili(er wi$ely use$ as a source of nitro'en. Calculate its molecular mass. a. /. c. $. e. 0).0- amu 114.l0 amu 11#.1) amu 12#.11 amu 1)2.1) amu

0+. M

So$ium chromate is use$ to protect iron from corrosion an$ rustin'. 9etermine its molecular mass. a. /. c. $. e. 201.+- amu 2)#.+# amu 101.+- amu 1)#.+# amu -4.++ amu

-0. 6

2o$ine pentafluori$e reacts slowly with 'lass an$ 7iolently with water. 9etermine its molecular mass. a. /. c. $. e. 0*).*2 amu 2*+.#+ amu 221.+0 amu 202.+0 amu 14*.+0 amu

24

-1. M

9etermine the molecular mass of iron 222" /romi$e he,ahy$rate, a su/stance use$ as a catalyst in or'anic reactions. a. /. c. $. e. 40).0* amu )**.*4 amu )1-.01 amu )1).*- amu 2+*.*0 amu

Short Answer Questions -2. M -). M Game the three important MlawsN that were accounte$ for /y 9alton=s atomic theory. 9alton=s atomic theory has reAuire$ some mo$ifications in the li'ht of su/seAuent $isco7eries. Ior any three appropriate postulates of 9alton=s atomic theory a. state the postulate in its ori'inal form /. in one sentence, $escri/e why the postulate has nee$e$ mo$ification. -4. M Iill in the /lan% spaces an$ write out all the sym/ols in the left han$ column in full, A in the form Z B i.e., inclu$e the appropriate 7alues of Z an$ A as well as the correct sym/ol B". Sym/ol P Au P -*. M O protons 1P P O neutrons 1# 11# 20 O electrons P P 20

The followin' char'es on in$i7i$ual oil $roplets were o/taine$ $urin' an e,periment similar to Milli%an=s. Qse them to $etermine a char'e for the electron in coulom/s C", showin' all your wor%in'. Char'es C"> ?).1#4 10?1+@ ?4.--0 10?1+@ ?-.+00 10?1+

-0. M --. 6

State the two important e,perimental results an$ the names of the responsi/le scientists" which ena/le$ the mass of the electron to /e $etermine$. Ior each of the followin' elements, in$icate whether it is a metal, a non&metal or a metalloi$> a. /. c. $. e. f. S :e !' ! 2 Si

-#. 6

:i7e the common name of the 'roup in the perio$ic ta/le to which each of the followin' elements /elon's> a. /. c. $. </ 1r 1a Ar

25

-+. M

a. /.

:i7e the names of the followin' ions> i" G!4J ii" SO)2? 8rite $own the formulas of the followin' ions> i" aluminum ii" car/onate :i7e the names of the followin' ions> i" O22? ii" SO42? 8rite $own the formulas of the followin' ions> i" ammonium ii" nitrate

#0. M

a. /.

#1. M

Ior each of the followin' names, write $own the correspon$in' formula, inclu$in' char'e where appropriate atomic num/ers an$ mass num/ers are not reAuire$"> a. /. c. $. (inc ion nitrite ion car/onic aci$ cyani$e ion

#2. 6

Calculate the molecular masses of the followin'> a. /. c. $. Cl2 !2O2 G!4"2SO4 1a GO)"2

26

True/False Questions #). 6 #4. M #*. 6 #0. 6 #-. 6 ##. 6 #+. 6 +0. 6 +1. 6 +2. 6 +). 6 2n nature, some elements e,ist as molecules, while others $o not. Mo$ern stu$ies ha7e shown that the ;aw of Multiple Hroportions is not 7ali$. Atoms of one element cannot /e con7erte$ to another element /y any %nown metho$. The mass of a neutron is eAual to the mass of a proton plus the mass of an electron. All neutral atoms of tin ha7e *0 protons an$ *0 electrons. Copper Cu" is a transition metal. ;ea$ H/" is a main&'roup element. 2onic compoun$s may carry a net positi7e or ne'ati7e char'e. 8hen an al%ali metal com/ines with a non&metal, a co7alent /on$ is normally forme$. The molecular formula of a compoun$ pro7i$es more information than its structural formula. The formula C+!20 is an empirical formula.

27

The Components of Matter Chapter 2 Answer Key

1. 2. ). 4. *. 0. -. #. +. 10. 11. 12. 1). 14. 1*. 10. 1-. 1#. 1+. 20. 21. 22. 2). 24. -2. -). e / c c $ a / e c $ a e $ $ / / $ c a / e c $ e 2*. 20. 2-. 2#. 2+. )0. )1. )2. )). )4. )*. )0. )-. )#. )+. 40. 41. 42. 4). 44. 4*. 40. 4-. 4#. e c c a / a e c / a e / e / a e c c e a c a e a 4+. *0. *1. *2. *). *4. **. *0. *-. *#. *+. 00. 01. 02. 0). 04. 0*. 00. 0-. 0#. 0+. -0. -1. / $ a e $ / c c / / c e $ c c e a / e e c c a

;aws of conser7ation of mass@ $efinite composition@ multiple proportions Matter consists of atoms which are in$i7isi/le, cannot /e create$ or $estroye$. 1ut, atoms are $i7isi/le, as the e,istence of su/atomic particles shows. Atoms of one element cannot /e con7erte$ into atoms of another element. They can /e con7erte$ in 7arious nuclear reactions, inclu$in' ra$ioacti7e $ecay. Atoms of an element are i$entical in mass an$ other properties. 2sotopes of an element $iffer in their masses an$ other properties. Sym/ol
)* 1-

-4.

O protons 1-+ 20

O neutrons 1# 11# 20

O electrons 1-+ 20

Cl
Au

1+-+

20 20

Ca

-*. 76.

?1.*+ 10?1+ C Thomson measured m/e, the mass-to-charge ratio. Millikan measured e, the charge. Thus, the mass m could be calculated.

28

77.

a. b. c. d. e. f. a. b. c. d. a. b.

nonmetal metalloid metal nonmetal nonmetal metalloid alkali metals halogens alkaline earth metals noble gases (i) ammonium (ii) sulfite (i) Al3+ (ii) CO32 (i) peroxide (ii) sulfate (i) NH4+ (ii) NO3 Zn2+ NO2 H2CO3 CN 70.90 amu 34.02 amu 132.2 amu 261.3 amu

78.

79.

80.

a. b.

81.

a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. T F F F T T T F F F T

82.

83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93.

29