DNV KEMA - Innovations in Energy 2013

DNV KEMA SeRvInG THe eneRGY IndUSTRY Innovations in Energy 2013
2013
Innovations 2013
in Energy
I InnovaTIonS In eneRGY 2013 I 03
CONTENTS
ABOUT DNV KEMA ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability, with more than 2,300 experts in over 30 countries around the world, is committed to driving the global transition toward a safe, reliable, efcient, and clean energy future. With a heritage of nearly 150 years , we specialize in providing world-class, innovative solutions in the eld of business and technical consultancy, testing, inspections & certication, risk management, and verication. As an objective and impartial knowledge-based company, we advise and support all organizations along the energy value chain, producers, suppliers and end-users of energy, equipment manufacturers, as well as government bodies, corporations and non-governmental organizations. DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability is part of DNV, a global provider of services for managing risk with more than 10,000 employees in over 100 countries. 04 Ingress Energy Efciency and Emission Reduction 06 Paradise Valley - a sustainable vision 08 ICT for energy positive and proactive neighbourhoods 10 Benchmarking tool for CO2 capture technologies 12 Improved measuring system for performance assessment Wind Energy 16 Floating wind design standard 18 Improving wind turbine support structures 20 Wind turbines in extreme weather conditions 22 Modelling wind project cost and availability 24 Meteorological monitoring wind farms during operation 25 Impact low level jet on wind turbine loads 26 Addressing wind project performance 28 Offshore wind turbine certication 30 Feasibility of onshore and offshore wind 31 Onshore and offshore wind turbine testing in Korea 32 Electrical installation in wind turbines 34 Subsea cable risks in offshore windfarms 36 Grid connection and power systems for offshore wind 38 Impact of reserves in long-term transmission planning 39 Wind turbine advanced controller Solar Energy 42 Capacity and power quality testing of PV power plants 44 Solar technology electric and thermal energy 46 Sustainable off-grid power station for rural areas 48 New exible solar cell manufacturing technology 50 Floating solar eld 52 Solar action plan for the Netherlands Smart Grids 56 Smart grid networks audit 58 Smart energy market forecasting and planning 60 Investment requirements for ICT in smart grids 62 Cyber security basis for smart grids 64 Smart grids - distributed generation, EV and storage 66 Smart grid: returns for all - solar prosumer in the lead
KCC.`13.015.E&O.03
68 Cost-effective & reliable distribution grid operation 70 Distribution management system 72 Cellular smart grid platform 74 Smart energy open framework 76 Smart grid inspiration and demonstration centre 78 Testing and developing smart meter processes 80 PowerMatchingCity 2, a living lab smart grid demo 82 Industry initiative to speed up smart energy innovation 84 Smart grid strategy Energy Storage 86 North Sea Power to Gas platform 88 Safety testing for large lithium-ion battery systems 90 Zinc-air ow batteries - Powair 92 Fast acting resources for regulation Electric Vehicles 94 Development and design of E-mobility products 96 Grid impact assessment of electric vehicles 98 Automotive battery recycling and second life 100 Easy battery exchange in electric vehicles - Easybat Super Grids 104 Expansion HP laboratory to facilitate super grids 106 Testing of extra/ultra-high-voltage circuit-breakers 108 Recommended practice for HVDC 110 Quality assurance for ultra HVDC primary equipment Advanced Modelling and Tools 114 Gasboard, a serious game on our gas infrastructure 116 Agent-based modelling for gas market and business 118 Smart power generation benets 120 Power plant asset performance optimization 122 Health Index: managing ageing network assets 124 Distribution automation feeder selection tool Testing, Inspections and Certication 128 HV Switchgear performance assessment during HP tests 130 Pressure relief tests for polymer-housed varistors 132 Three-phase synthetic testing of HV circuit-breakers
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04 I InnovaTIonS In eneRGY 2013 I
INGRESS
As the worlds population grows, the global demand for energy is surging. Currently, and in the decades to come, carbon-based energy will stay play an important part of the energy mix, with further releases of the greenhouse gas CO2 as a consequence. However, global warming and resultant climate change are currently one of the most pressing global environmental issues, forcing societies to take a refreshed look at their energy use and energy mix. In this demanding landscap, innovations in energy are more important than ever.
ENERGY For a sustainable Future Serving the needs of the current generation without compromising the needs of the future is often used as a definition of sustainability. Access to affordable energy is a fundamental need for the well-being of the worlds population as well as for economic development. With a growing world population expecting a more equal distribution of wealth and access to energy, particularly electricity, there is a need to find solutions that enable: More efficient and smarter use of energy Use of electrical power for transportation purposes Production of affordable renewables into the grid without compromising reliability of supply Transportation of large amounts of energy over longer distances Changing the mix of fossil energy from coal based to gas These require innovations not only in technology, but also within regulatory and market frameworks. The new technical solutions need to take into account issues such as safety, cyber security, reliability, and use of rare earth materials and other natural resources. The regulatory and market frameworks must give incentives based on a holistic view of the effects of various energy forms and consumption patterns. In this complex setting, innovation is a key enabler to the solution! innovation in DNV KEMA Innovation can be explained as the successful introduction of a new idea meaning that it must function well and at the same time be economically viable. In some cases, innovation requires years of research and trial and Elisabeth Harstad Chief Innovation & Business Line Officer DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability error before the right solution is found. In other cases, a new innovation is created simply by combining two existing solutions in a new way. DNV as well as KEMA have a long history of innovation. By combining the best of the two companies in an innovation model that includes Internal funding for strategic programmes Joint Industry Projects together with customers and other stakeholders Long term relationships with academic institutions Participation in national and international innovation programmes We firmly believe that we are creating the basis for being competitive and relevant to the enery future!
Energy Efficiency
Emission Reduction
and
I InnovaTIonS In eneRGY I 07
PArADise VALLeY A sustainable vision

The new town of Paradise Valley has been planned to be self-sustaining and multi-generational, committed to a close relationship with nature, people, and the land. The community will foster sustainable lifestyles through proper design and education.
Paradise Valley is a newly planned community, built on the principles of social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Surrounded by thousands of acres of open space in the Coachella Valley, California, the design and development for this new town will embrace the concepts of smart growth. Paradise Valley fulfills Riverside Countys General Plan vision and policies for a sustainable new town development in the eastern county. Located 20 minutes east of Palm Desert on Interstate 10, the project is close to Joshua Tree National Park in the Mecca Hills Wilderness, beside the unique geological formations of the Painted Canyon. Paradise Valley comprises more than 7,500 new dwelling units that provide a diverse range of options and affordability to accommodate young families, active adults, and retirees, as well as housing for seniors. A balanced housing mix will produce a blended community population base that is fiscally sustainable: the town must financially support its own services. All of Paradise Valleys homes and non-residential buildings over 5,000 square feet are committed to exceed the California State Building Energy Efficiency Standards by a minimum of 15 percent.
The community is planned to create a living environment that promotes exercise and health. A walk-ability factor will be utilized as a guide to design. The mission of Paradise Valley is to tread lighting on the land. Thousands of acres are designated as perpetual open space. The project will also incorporate the following: New urbanism design and sustainability goals Renewable energy sources: solar, fuel cell, and energy efficient building design Strategies to limit the need for freeway travel such as providing onsite services, entertainment, and job opportunities Water conservation practices in landscape design and irrigation Dark night sky preservation Habitat preservation through compliance with the Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan Eco-transit A focus on a Sense of Place through architectural theme and friendly town center environment PROJECT DNV KEMA is providing technical assistance through Southern California Gas Companys Sustainable Communities Program to help the project team achieve even greater goals such as net zero energy design. We are providing design assistance for general sustainability guidance, energy efficiency or sustainable design recommendations, energy modeling support, plan and specification reviews, and feature cost assessments and rating system documentation support. OBjectives We became involved early in the design process to maximize opportunities for energy efficiency and sustainability features. Working closely with the developer, we will assist
in creating a sustainable design plan tailored to the special phasing and duration of a project of this scale, including energy, water, and waste sustainability options. KEY RESULTS Our deliverables completed to date include: A green occupant guide A site energy and potential renewable generation report Heat island effect reduction recommendations A green building certification strategies and potential costs report A dark sky report An indoor air quality management plan
CLIENT Glorious Land Company, United States PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, United States PROJECT PARTNERS Southern California Gas Company, United States PROJECT DETAILS The land for Paradise Valley was purchased prior to 1998, and the General Plan Amendment was completed in 2003. The development will be built in three phases. By the last phase, 7,621 homes, 953,700 square feet of commercial space, 67.3 acres of schools, and 540 hotel units will be built.
solutions that can completely cover the different control levels that need to be addressed. PROJECT This project aims to develop, implement and demonstrate a new energy management operation and business model based on ICTs, capable of increasing energy efficiency at neighbourhood level. The new control system (E+) will be prepared to manage and control energy sources, stationary storage devices, street lighting, electric vehicle charging infrastructure, building loads, and both electrical and thermal (including geothermal) energy sources and consumption are considered. Two demonstration sites are committed to E+: Malaga in southern Spain and Mons in Belgium. The results and conclusions resulting from the demonstration activities will provide the basis for the elaboration of recommendations for energy positive neighbourhood urban planning.
the interests of the energy, construction and ICT sectors during the E+ exploitation phase. Furthermore, two public authorities have been included in the consortium to ensure the involvement of citizens and final users, consideration of their concerns and social awareness regarding the new E+ energy model. beneFits E+ will be prepared to work under the current conditions but it will be defined to operate in the coming low carbon energy scenario: with high shares of renewable sources, massive deployment of electric vehicles, large numbers of storing devices, active participation of users in the energy market and smart energy grids.
PROJECT COORDINATOR CIRCE - Centro de Investigacin de Recursos y Consumos Energticos, Spain PROJECT PARTNERS VUE SUR MONS VSM, Belgium ACCIONA INFRAESTRUCTURAS, Spain IBM, Spain EUROGREEN IT EGITIC, Belgium MALAGA ENERGY AGENCY AGMEM, Spain DNV KEMA, the Netherlands IDEA, Belgium TEAMNET International, Romania Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Spain PROJECT DETAILS European Union, seventh Framework Programme Duration: November 2012 - May 2016
ICT FOR ENERGY PositiVe AnD ProActiVe neigHBoUrHooDs

This project is born by the union of relevant industrial actors coming from the ICT, energy and construction sectors, working together to tackle a major challenge: the management, control and optimisation of energy at neighbourhood level.
A common factor in urban planning tools is the lack of consideration of energy optimisation as a key driver for decision-making. Greenhouse gas emissions are assessed in the majority of urban planning tools and methodologies as a key aspect, but the energy aspect is crucial as it can also make a major contribution contribute to emission reduction. Currently there are various state-of-the-art ICT solutions in the market that cover part of the functionalities of energy management at district level. There is a lack of integrated
Objectives The final industrial goal is to develop a new solution able to operate, in a holistic and integrated way, all the energy elements (thermal and electrical) located in European neighbourhoods: renewable energy sources, stationary storage devices, electric vehicle charging infrastructure, district heating networks and building loads. The final aim of the E+ control system is to reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emissions at neighbourhood level, while paving the way for a high share of distributed renewable energy and the massive deployment of electric vehicles. The new proposed solution addresses a new market, which has not yet been developed. New business models will therefore be defined in order to facilitate and protect
BencHMARKING TOOL FOR CO2 CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES

DNV KEMA has been assessing the inuence of CO2 capture since the early 1990s, mainly focusing on the energy performance of combined power and capture plants. This has resulted in an established benchmarking methodology, applied in industry and R&D settings.
The performance of capture technology largely determines the feasibility of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in both a technical and an economic sense, as a major part of the total cost of CCS is determined by the energy consumption of the capture unit. When comparing capture technologies, two factors play an important role: Choice of the reference, i.e. what is the base case? Comparison on an equal basis, i.e. how to compare inherently different technologies? project Technical (heat) integration, including power plant modifications, forms the basis for comparison and is an integral part of the technical assessment. A detailed analysis of the technical interface between the power plant and the capture unit is performed. This analysis includes low pressure steam extraction from the power plant to supply the reboiler of the regenerator, steam condensate return, piping and heat losses, possible additional heat exchange and all additional heat sources. The method uses a validated thermodynamic flow sheeting tool for robust energy modelling that was developed by DNV KEMA. This is flexible with regard to the reference technology (e.g. PC, NGCC, IGCC and other validated references). Performance of different post combustion CO2 capture processes can be compared with our simulation tools. This has been done for existing USC600 and future USC700 power plant technology by showing the net electrical efficiency of power plants equipped with different CO2 capture units. BeneFits This benchmarking method can be used for benchmarking and allows for comparison of a capture technology with a selected reference technology, as well as for comparison with other low carbon concepts such as oxyfuel and pre-combustion CO2 capture. It has been proven flexible, consistent, and reliable and yields unequivocal results. Our method for benchmarking is conducted in line with the guidelines laid out by the European Bench-marking Task Force and is flexible with regard to external data and assumptions. It has been used in decision-making processes for CO2 capture technology development projects and is included in several international R&D proposals. Industrial parties like power generators and CO2 capture technology vendors have also shown great interest in this benchmarking tool.
CLIENT Multiple R&D projects and industrial technology vendors PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands
For the reliable and accurate determination of heat rate and efficiency, a measuring system developed in house is used. After many years of reliable service, this measuring system is being upgraded and replaced. We have developed a new measuring system based on the proven standards Foundation Fieldbus and OPC communication technology. OBJECTIVEs The Foundation Fieldbus configuration requires a minimum amount of cables to be installed in the field. This digital two-way communication over the wires will also power up the test instruments. OPC is a standardised communication technology commonly available in todays distributed control systems (DCS). These proven technologies allow a shorter preparation time and require less labour for installing. The components and cabling are all compact, lightweight and robust, making it safe to work with. The new instrumentation will comply with the latest industrial standards, meeting the requirements for accuracy as laid down by the applicable test codes (e.g. ISO and ASMEPTC) and can be deployed in hazardous areas. Not only are they robust and have a high stability, they are also equipped with a very advanced self-diagnosis system. By using these self-diagnosis functions, warning signals and alarms can be generated at a very early stage, thus preventing malfunction and/or misreading. The power supply is prepared for redundancy to avoid any loss of measurement data in the event of a power failure. BENEFITS The upgraded performance test measurement system will result in the following benefits: Lighter configuration of new performance test equipment, resulting in reduced cost for transportation of test equipment to and from the site Less time required for mounting and dismantling of performance test instruments Minimal delay in scheduled test programme in the
ImProVeD meAsUring system for PerformAnce Assessment

Operating a power plant is a delicate art. To maximise efciency and minimise the number of unscheduled outages, it is important that every component performs at its peak.
Success depends on the condition of your equipment, the knowledge and experience of your personnel and the quality of your monitoring tools. To get the most out of your plant, the first thing you need is a detailed picture of how each component and the plant as a whole are performing. Such information is the starting point for improved control and refinement of your processes, ultimately leading to lower operating costs, increased reliability and enhanced performance. PROJECT DNV KEMA offers measuring and consultancy services worldwide using temporary (calibrated) testing instrumentation if required. Our clients include Independent Power Producers, EPC contractors, the process industry as well as governmental and municipal authorities.
event of an instrument malfunctioning because of selfdiagnostic functions Possibility to deploy performance test instruments in Eex/Atex classified zones On-line performance test data collection from clients DCS throught OPC protocol
Stepping up to the current state of technology in communication and measurement opens up many opportunities. Communication through an OPC server and client network allows the integration of station instruments (DCS) with additional DNV KEMA measurement points. The short-term advantages can be found in the Fieldbus technology: communication and power over two wires. The connecting network is compact, simple and proven robust technology. Besides the financial savings achieved through lower transportation and labour costs, the network can be used in ex-proof Atex areas and is safe to work with.
Wind Energy
FLoAting WinD Design stAnDArD

Many future wind resource developments imply developments in deeper waters for which oating structures form an attractive solution for the support of the wind turbines involved.
Many densely populated coastal areas around the world are not suitable for traditional bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines. In other areas the shallow water coast is already developed or under development for such production. The market for floating wind turbines is expected to grow fast as plans for developing wind farms in deeper waters evolve. Several companies and research institutes worldwide are already engaged in developing research programs, pilot projects and even planning for commercial development of floating wind farms. project A barrier for this industry to continue to grow and develop is the lack of design standards for floating wind turbine structures. The developed DNV Guideline for Offshore Floating Wind Turbine Structures (2009), which is a less formal document than a full-fledged DNV standard, addresses some key issues for design of floating wind turbine structures and forms a first step towards a standard for design ofsuch structures. We have initiated a Joint Industry Project (JIP) with participation from seven of the worlds leading players in the industry. The task is to develop a design standard for floating wind turbine structures. The existing standard DNV-OS-J101 Design of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures does not fully address floating wind turbine structures as these represent a novel development within the offshore wind industry. obJECTIVe A project standard is issued early 2013 and an official DNV standard will be ready during 2013. The standard will cover design, construction and inservice inspection of floating wind turbine structures. We perform services in different areas for floating wind energy, ranging from advisory services, technology qualification, verification and certification. In addition to the guideline and standard development, we have gained experience from several projects and activities within the field of floating wind turbines, including: Hywind SWAY WinFlo Mitsui E&S Nexans Norway AS
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS Statoil, Navantia, Gamesa, Iberdrola, Alstom Wind, STX, Nippon, Sasebo, Principle Power, Glosten Associates PROJECT DETAILS Joint Industry Project Duration: 2011 - 2013
Trude Refsahl, Statoil
IMProVing WinD tUrBine sUPPort strUctUres

Monopiles are currently the most common foundation for offshore wind turbine structures. New design features connections with conical-shaped connections and shear keys.
As the diameters and technical knowledge increase, design standards have to be updated now and then. Especially, settlements in the grouted connections have challenged the industry to come up with new solutions and to update the offshore winds leading industry standard. As wind energy is a fast developing industry, we have to ensure the widely used standard for the design of offshore wind turbine structures - DNV-OS-J101 - is based on the most recent technical knowledge, methodology, experience and test results. An unintended force transfer through the temporary supports as a result of settlement in some grouted connections has led to concern about fatigue cracking in the structures which would lead to repair needs. A grouted connection is used to connect the transition piece to the monopile. During a thorough review of the standard in 2009, it was discovered that some scale effects were not properly accounted for either in this standard or in other standards for similar types of connections. The existing design practices did not properly describe the physical behaviour of the grouted connections. project DNV and industry players initiated a joint Industry Project. The Joint Industry Project has concluded that a cylindrical shaped design of grouted connections without shear keys or additional support arrangements for axial load is not recommended for large diameter grouted connections. The JIP partners have come up with an improved solution. There are two solutions for new designs. In 2011, the joint industry project launched a recommended design procedure for grouted connections, recommending the use of conical shaped connections. Later, a second phase of the joint industry project was initiated to assess the physical behavior of grouted connections with shear keys. objectives Shear keys are circumferential weld beads on the outside of the monopile and the inside of the transition piece in the grouted section. The shear keys purpose is to increase the sliding resistance between the grout and steel so that no settlement occurs. The existing design standards for such connections were based on limited test data on small diameter connections, for alternating dynamic loading. Therefore, before this solution could be recommended, a design practice for shear keys is needed to be developed and properly incorporated in a revised design standards. RESULTS It is found that the design procedure provides design data that are in good agreement with the measured laboratory data. The revised design standard is to be launched early 2013.
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV, Norway PROJECT PARTNERS 18 companies from Denmark, United Kingdom, Germany, Norway and the Netherlands PROJECT DETAILS Joint Industry Project Duration: 2009 - 2013
WinD tUrBines in eXtreme WeAtHer conDitions

Current design standards for wind turbines take into account short term extreme wind events but mention that prolonged wind conditions experienced in tropical storms are not covered. Therefore guidelines for wind turbines in extreme conditions are developed.
The fact that design standards do not cover extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons, provides complications for designers and wind turbine manufacturers whom are building wind projects in tropical cyclone-prone areas. Therefore, we are developing guidance on how to access the wind condition and wind turbine and safety related aspects when exposed to conditions experienced during such extreme weather. PROJECT Continuing the work from an initial 2011 innovation project, this years effort focused on the content and structure of the guidelines for wind turbines in extreme conditions. The project consists of: Developing the methodology of analyzing tropical cyclones Develop the Recommended Practice (RP) structure for wind turbines in extreme conditions Gap analysis of missing sections in the Recommended Practice (RP) Refining the probabilistic wind analysis methodology which uses historical hurricane track data in order to calculate the probability that a hurricane of a certain category would affect the site
A comparison between current design load cases in the IEC standard is also reviewed, to identify if it is applicable to the wind conditions experienced in a tropical storm event. This project develops the framework and content for the RP. A good understanding on the gap in present practices and standards is required. Further research is required to develop this into a recommended practice that would allow developers, owners to evaluate the risk of having the project in a tropical cyclone-prone region. Manufacturers and designers would also be able to take into consideration such extreme wind conditions when designing a wind farm located in the vicinity of such events.
Results Methodology for performing a probabilistic typhoon analysis using best track data from met offices worldwide Comparison of the current guidelines and standards and identify gaps between the design codes and such extreme events. Possibly create new design load cases in future research Identification of additional components that would reduce the impact from such extreme events E.g. having a backup generator in place for turbines to ensure that yaw motion is possible in the event of grid disruption Using a pin-locked mechanical fixture, compared to a brake disc would be preferred due to potential wear and tear of using a brake disc Framework for formulating the RP for Wind Turbines in Extreme Conditions beneFits Better understanding of wind characteristics involved during tropical storms Able to help client understand the risk of having the wind farm near to these typhoon-prone regions Development of a recommended practice on analysing wind turbines in extreme conditions Display thought leadership in the wind industry
PROJECT TEAM DNV Clean Technology Center, Singapore DNV KEMA, Denmark PROJECT DETAILS Duration: 2011 - ongoing
moDeLLing WinD ProJect cost AnD AVAiLABiLity

Uncertainty in future operations and maintenance costs is increasingly an issue in project nancing, accessing the value of operating projects and managing wind farm performance. Clients need to be able to forecast these costs. This project is a comprehensive upgrade of an existing US O&M cost model.
The upgraded model draws on comprehensive experience data and from a variety of wind power projects representing different turbine types, turbine ages and geographic locations. The model considers typical costs associated with ongoing operations, including scheduled maintenance, unscheduled repairs, inspection services, maintenance, site management and support personnel. The base O&M model is an Excel spreadsheet using an add-in to handle probabilistic functionality. The work includes: Updating the model structure to ensure the cost elements are consistent with typical industry practice Adding a capability to estimate availability Adding probabilistic functionality for select parameters Updating the model inputs to improve usability Plan to include analysis of our internal US data and substantial interaction with industry partners to ensure the model is reflective of the industry The operational & maintenance cost outputs from the model are segregated into the broad categories of facility and turbine costs. Facility costs: Operations and administration Site maintenance Equipment and supplies Substation Turbine costs: Labour Parts Consumables Cranes BeneFits This project opens the possibility of offering services including benchmarking, subscriptions to the model and expanded ERM =? and ARM = ? services. A single standardised model would also serve as a basis for developing an offshore data in the model as well as other variants. The cost and availability outputs from this model will be delivered in such a way as to provide a useful basis for comparison with typical owner/operator budget model outputs. This will include overall annual cost and availability results, as well as results for selected major maintenance scenarios.
METEOROLOGICAL MONITORING WIND FARMS DUring oPerAtion

PROJECT We have a long history in evaluating wind project operational and meteorological data, and in specifying wind measurement equipment, both tower-mounted and remote sensing applications. We have drawn on this experience to develop a recommended best practices guideline for the collection of met data during the operational phase of a wind project. This project demonstrates our commitment to understanding project performance and provides a common-sense approach to an identified lack of guidance in the wind industry. OBJECTIVES To develop a recommended best practices guideline for the collection of met data during the operational phase of a wind project To raise awareness of the need for accurate, consistent, and long-term measurements To provide practical recommendations for equipment specification and data collection BeneFits Maximize the usefulness of meteorological measurements during operations Increase the wind project owners ability to make informed operational decisions
IMPACT LOW LeVeL Jet on WinD tUrBine LoADs

Low level jets have largely been neglected in industry in turbine loads analysis. They can demonstrate strong veer and shear patterns and coherent turbulent structures which often accompany them, increase loads.
DNV KEMAs work with EDP Renewables shows low level jets (LLJ) are widespread in the US. Work by NRELs Neil Kelley indicates coherent turbulent structures often accompany low level jets and increase some loads. project Liaise with Neil Kelley on TurbSim and modeling LLJ flow Compare the pattern of flows generated by TurbSim with the patterns documented in DNV KEMAs work with Horizon Reproduce some of the simulated and measured responses to LLJ reported in the NREL reports Compare the severity of fatigue and peak loads that can occur in LLJ conditions with standard IEC conditions Identify a process to incorporate the special features of the LLJ into site suitability assessments RESULTs Built internal knowledge of LLJ and CTS phenomenon; typical characteristics and modelling approaches Built internal knowledge on TurbSim simulation of LLJs and CTSs; in-house tools built to modify wind flow to match better with wind data observed with Horizon Analysed impacts of model differences on loads results through comparisons with NREL results Simulated loads for a spread of stability classes as a proxy for LLJ severity and compared to measured loads
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, United States PROJECT PARTNER NREL
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At a time when the wind industry has developed a reputation for producing energy below predicted levels, the planning and implementation of operationsphase met data should become an integral part of a projects planning and development phase.
Wind project owners frequently are either unsure of what measurements are appropriate for certain tasks or in some cases are collecting data that are simply not helpful for the desired purpose.
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, United States PROJECT DETAILS Guideline released: June 2012
Before the test, templates for test documentation and the analysis of the results were prepared. These were evaluated and improved, based on the results of the tests and implementation of the test set-up. These tests will provide clients with more cost-effective methods to confirm the performance of their assets and ensure the revenue that they expect. task 2 > assessing wind project perFormance Over-estimation of future energy generation of wind projects is an issue that has become an industry-wide concern. We have worked to uncover errors and biases in prediction methods. A large proportion of project underperformance occurs due to unexpected turbine response to specific rotor atmospheric conditions or unexpected variation of conditions across the rotor. The analysis also provides insight into wake conditions and wake recovery mechanisms. The project used remote sensing data gathered at operating US wind projects. Upwind of operating turbines, rotor-level inflow atmospheric conditions were measured to determine their effect on energy production. Downwind of operating projects, wakes effects were measured to evaluate their extent and impact on other projects. Within and downwind of projects, rotor-level and above-rotor atmospheric conditions were measured to evaluate factors affecting wind speeds within wakes and wake recovery. This project enables industry participants to have a realistic expectation of energy production and revenue and to lower anticipated risks. Improving project performance assessments reduces uncertainty among lenders of anticipated energy production and improves financing terms.
Task 3 > enHanced energy assessments For wind projects Wind energy projects are becoming increasingly complex, impacting on the energy assessment process. Additionally, atmospheric conditions can dramatically impact energy production. Current analytical processes are insufficient to properly account for these impacts in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Furthermore, our clients are facing increasing competition for power offtake agreements and capital. In order to address these needs, an approach to energy assessment is being developed that provides the flexibility to account for time-varying atmospheric conditions as well as variability in turbine performance at a finer resolution than the current industry approach. These methods allow clients to be in a stronger position to evaluate options for the sale of their electricity to maximise revenue and reduce risks.
ADDressing WinD ProJect PerformAnce

This project involved three tasks related to utility-scale wind project performance: wind turbine power performance testing using remote sensing technology, improving assessments of project performance and tools for enhancing pre-construction energy assessments by using time series analysis methods.
task 1 > WInd turbine power perFormance testing using remote sensing The current draft standard for wind turbine power performance testing includes provisions for testing using remote sensing for wind measurements. When clients use remote sensing for testing, only a small temporary met mast is required which is less expensive and easier to install and remove. The cost savings and mobility of the remote sensing system will allow clients to test more turbines and on a shorter time scale. They improve their knowledge of their operating assets for leverage when discussing maintenance and performance with wind turbine manufacturers. Additionally, remote sensing systems can be used to measure wind speed across the entire rotor of a wind turbine. By better characterising inflow conditions that may affect turbine performance and proposing mitigation strategies, overall project and financial performance can be improved. This task included performing a full wind turbine power performance test with new lidar (light detection and ranging) technology in accordance with the requirements of the new draft testing standard and the development of associated analysis tools.
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, United States PROJECT PARTNERS North American Wind Project Developer, United States Second Wind, United States NRG Systems, United States PROJECT DETAILS Duration: 2012
OffsHore WinD tUrBine certificAtion

Top-tier wind turbine manufacturers in China, Korea and Japan are developing and producing wind turbines for offshore markets in the size range of 2.5 MW to over 7 MW. The need for certication services is growing.
The Asian market is expected to account for one-fourth of the offshore wind turbines that will be brought online through 2016. China is predicted to become the biggest market for offshore wind by 2021. Major Asian manufacturers such as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (Japan), Samsung Heavy Industries and Hyundai Heavy Industries (Korea), Goldwind Science and Technology and Sinovel (China) are developing offshore wind turbines for both domestic Asian markets as well as overseas export. These new turbine models are both of unprecedented size: blades over 80 m long, towers over 120 m tall. They are being installed in increasingly-demanding locations. In order to mitigate technical and financial risk, and to facilitate export, the need for certification services is growing. project DNV KEMA in both China and Korea delivers certification services according to the IEC 61400-22 and related standards. Services being delivered include: Component Certification Turbine Type Certification Wind Project Certification BeneFits DNV KEMAs Korea Renewable unit is independently accredited to provide these services by the Dutch Accreditation Council, RvA. All certification services are delivered within a global network of competence, including the certification groups in Copenhagen and Hamburg.
CLIENT Top-tier wind turbine manufacturers in China, Korea and Japan PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, Korea
FEAsiBiLity of onsHore AnD offsHore WinD

In 2012, South Koreas new Renewable Portfolio Standard came into effect, replacing the old feed-in tariff system. This is accelerating the development of both onshore and offshore wind projects.
The South Korea government released a roadmap for offshore wind development in 2010 with a top priority being a 2.5 GW offshore wind farm project. On January 1, 2012, South Koreas new Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) came into effect. The RPS is scheduled to increase from 2 percent in 2012 to 10 percent by 2022. This RPS system is accelerating the development of both onshore and offshore wind projects. project In 2012, an onshore feasibility study was conducted by DNV KEMA for potential wind farm projects ranging from 100 MW to 400 MW. Elements of the study included: Assessment of wind resource based on measurements from multiple meteorological (met)towers Calculation of terrain effects, long-term wind speed corrections, and possible typhoon events Evaluation of candidate turbine types Transportation and construction logistics, grid interconnection Economic feasibility analyses, calculated return on investment
CLIENT Major Korean private power producer PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, Korea PROJECT DETAILS Duration: 2012
onsHore AnD offsHore WinD tUrBine testing in koreA

Testing is critical for the verication of safety and performance for wind turbines, as well as for the assessment of wind and wave environments that can affect both structural loads and energy output.
Testing offshore introduces additional technical and logistic complexities, schedules risks, and cost. As a result, wind turbines intended for offshore deployment may be initially tested in near-shore locations. project Innovative methods for offshore testing are under continual development by DNV KEMA. Our unit in Korea delivers wind turbine type testing according to the IEC 61400 series of standards. Testing services are delivered for both onshore and offshore in 2012, including: Power performance testing Acoustic noise testing Loads testing Power quality testing Wind resource measurement BeneFits The unit in Korea unit is in process of obtaining type testing accreditation according to ISO 17025. All testing services are delivered within a global network of competence, including the accredited test group of DNV KEMA in Seattle.
CLIENT Numerous Korean turbine manufacturers and project developers PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, Korea PROJECT DETAILS Duration: 2012
eLectricAL instALLAtion in WinD tUrBines

Today all the most important wind turbine manufacturers are designing, manufacturing or testing the next generation of wind turbine generators: 5, 6 or even 7 megawatt of a nominal power to be managed, controlled and transformed safely and in a reliable manner.
With the significant increase in the nominal power of the wind turbines, designers are switching from traditional low-voltage geared power train electrical systems to generators based on permanent magnet technology for direct drive applications and to medium-voltage levels. On the one hand, this significantly reduces power losses and installation costs, but it also requires advanced and sophisticated technology to be included in the electrical system. project There are many standards dedicated to the particular electrical components of wind turbine generators (e.g. generators, cables, transformers) which include very detailed requirements. However, based on experience and feedback from the industry, it is not clear enough which standards are appropriate, and to what extent, for the whole wind turbine electrical system. The aim of this Recommended Practice is to provide a consistent and coherent set of requirements and acceptance criteria for the electrical design of the wind turbine electrical system. With more than 250 wind turbines certified since 1993, DNV KEMA is the leading certification body for wind energy applications. We have developed its Recommended Practices for Electrical Installation in Wind Turbines in order to provide a supporting document both for designers and verifiers. Objective The aim is to establish a Recommended Practice for the electrical systems in the wind turbine. This will give clear requirements to the electrical design and help the designer establish the required documentation in relation to the turbine certification system. beneFits DNV KEMA Electrical Installation in Wind Turbines Recommended Practices represents a significant document for wind turbine manufacturers, designers and wind farm developers. This document: Provides knowledge for electrical installations in wind turbines Defines clear requirements for the electrical installation inside wind turbines Represents a supporting document during the electrical design and design evaluation stage
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, Denmark
PROJECT DNV KEMA together with industry stakeholders is scoping a Joint Industry Project (JIP) in order to gain a deeper understanding of the direct and root causes of subsea cable issues related to offshore wind farms and to develop a guidance document to effectively manage the risks. The project will potentially look at related subsea power cable applications such as long-distance, HVDC power transmission (such as proposed for the North Sea Super Grid and the Mediterranean Desertec projects and electrification of offshore oil & gas infrastructure. Objectives The scope of the JIP is discussed with the various stakeholders and covers, amongst others, the following topics: Detailed capturing of project experience to date Identification of the key risks and possible mitigation measures Natural hazards (e.g. shifting seabeds, sand waves) Man-made hazards (e.g. fishing, dredging, anchoring) Planning and consenting Understanding site conditions with focus on Northern Europe Planning and execution of geotechnical investigationi along the cable route Specific design recommendations (or minimum design requirements) Cable design and manufacturing for site-specific conditions Transport and installation process specifications Cable protection Specific installation recommendations Staff competence requirements Cost/benefit analyses BeneFits The project will produce two main documents, a project report (available to participating parties) and a guidance
document, such as a Recommended Practice, potentially available to a wider audience. The Recommended Practice would be intended to provide an internationally acceptable design standard for offshore renewable cable connections where such standards are not adequately described in existing standards or local legislation.
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, United Kingdom PROJECT PARTNERS Bohlen & Doyen, Germany Boskalis Offshore, the Netherlands Dong Energy, Denmark GDF, France Global Marine Energy, United Kingdom Iberdrola, Spain Inch Cape (EDP Renovveis and Repsol), Portugal JDR Cables, United Kingdom Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke, Germany Offshore Marine Management, United Kingdom Siem Offshore, Norway Tekmar, United Kingdom Tideway, the Netherlands Van Oord, the Netherlands VSMC, the Netherlands PROJECT COORDINATOR Joint Industry Projects Duration: December 2012 - December 2014
ABB
sUBseA cABLe risks in offsHore WinDfArms

To signicantly decrease the risks associated with subsea power cabling in offshore wind farms and other energy related projects DNV KEMA took the initiative for the Joint Industry Project (JIP) CableRISK.
Offshore wind farms use inter-array cables to connect the turbines within the wind farm, commonly at voltage levels of 20 to 33 kV. When the wind farm is large in size and/ or located far from shore, an offshore substation is used to transform the power up to an export voltage, e.g. 132 or 150 kV. Where AC cables are not feasible anymore, highvoltage DC (HVDC) may be required. Only a relatively small number of offshore wind farms have been installed as of 2010, but many of them have struggled with subsea cable issues. Examples of cable issues include in-field cable, anchor damage of export cable, export cable replacement, cable laying vessel substitution, cable laying barge evacuation.
GRID CONNECTION AnD PoWer Systems for OFFSHORE WIND

The key challenge that wind energy is facing is the development of future power systems, so that wind power can be integrated efciently and economically into the existing onshore grids.
Thanks to the fast development of offshore windfarms in Europe and the United States, in the next years wind energy will meet a substantial share in the electricity demand. Therefore, national grid and transmission system operators are extending the connection requirements, in terms of power regulation and fault ride through capability, also to wind generators that in the past were exempt from complying with grid code requirements. Reliable static and dynamic models of the wind farms are needed, and often required by national grid operators, in order to investigate and prove the compliance of the wind farm with the national grid connection requirements. In order to provide a supporting document describing the service portfolio that can be provided and included in the Project Certification framework, DNV KEMA has developed a new Offshore Service Specification. PROJECT The new Offshore Service Specification Verification of Grid Connection and Power System Analysis for Offshore Wind Farms describes our competence and experience related to grid connection, electrical power system analysis and verification of offshore wind power plants. OBJECTIVES This Offshore Service Specification will be adopted for the verification of the steady state and dynamic behavior of the wind power plant with respect to the correct design of
the plant itself and its integration into the grid, as well as for the verification of the system parts comprising the offshore wind farms. The services described include the following systems verification activities: Steady state analysis Dynamic-RMS analysis Dynamic-EMT analysis Grid code compliance study Cables sizing Control and protection system analysis which are applied in various configurations and tailored to projects specific requirements.
imPAct of reserVes in Longterm trAnsmission PLAnning

This project developed an analysis framework the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) could use to determine if their long term transmission plans were adequate when considering the location of generators used to provide load following and regulation. The end goal is to integrate wind energy more cost-efciently.
ERCOT, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, has seen a significant rise in the amount of wind energy produced within their boundaries and has worked with the US Department of Energy to adapt their transmission planning process to account for the marked change in energy production. A significant concern with large penetrations of variable renewable energy like wind power is how it will affect the operation and deployment of ancillary services used to keep the grid stable and reliable. project For this project, we calibrated and refined our renewable energy market integration tool KERMIT to simulate controlling frequency within ERCOT. This provided the Council with an analysis framework for that they could use to quickly and efficiently assess the viability of proposed transmission builds with respect to ancillary services. This includes the ability to examine: Congestion due to load following and regulation Reserve requirements for each scenario New market products to alleviate congestion or integrate wind or solar energy more efficiently
CLIENT Electric Reliability Council of Texas, United States PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, United States PROJECT DETAILS 6 months
WinD tUrBine ADVAnceD ControLLer

The trend towards increasing utilisation of the turbine structural capacity typically results in the selection of a turbine model that is only suitable for given site conditions with some mitigating design features.
The pressure on the wind industry to produce more energy while constraining project costs has resulted in a trend towards increasing utilisation of the turbine structural capacity. A turbine that might otherwise only be suitable for a site with low annual wind speeds or turbulence levels can be used on a higher wind or turbulence site if actions are taken to reduce the loading impact of these more severe conditions. The trend in the industry is to use more advanced control algorithms and designs to achieve this. project As demands on wind turbine controls increase and become more complex, the requirements for verification, documentation and certification also require greater detail and rigour. The current standards for certification of wind turbines have not kept pace with developments at original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), creating considerable uncertainty as to how to proceed with certification. This uncertainty is shared by OEM and certification engineers. OBJECTIVES Provide guidance to both DNV KEMA certification engineers and wind turbine OEM clients via a recommended practice document on development, implementation and type and project certification of wind turbines with advanced controls.
CLIENTS Vestas, Siemens & all wind turbine OEMs PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA
Solar Energy
cAPAcity AnD PoWer QUALity testing of PV PoWer PLAnts

As the size of PV power plants increases, increased scrutiny is being placed on the power performance and power quality of the plants. Accepted testing procedures that are capable of yielding reproducible results are required to address this increased scrutiny.
There is a need for additional guidance for the capacity testing and power quality testing of photovoltaic (PV) power plants. The capacity testing evaluates the efficiency of the plant to convert fuel (sunlight) into electricity. Capacity testing results are used as a proxy for evaluating power performance (energy production). The power quality testing evaluates the electrical characteristics of a power plant, including the affect on and interaction with the power grid. This project consists of the development of two Recommended Practices related to the testing of PV power plants: Recommended Practice for the Capacity Testing of Photovoltaic Power Plants (Capacity RP) Recommended Practice for the Power Quality Testing of Photovoltaic Power Plants (Power Quality RP) The Capacity RP is a guidance document for the implementation of ASTM International E2848-11, which presents testing methodologies for evaluating the performance of PV power plants. The Power Quality RP is a unique test procedure. objectives The primary objective of this project is to develop a Capacity RP and a Power Quality RP that will be adopted by industry participants. The secondary objectives and motivation for developing the RP include: Reduction in the uncertain and variability testing procedures and results Increase in the awareness of PV power plant performance and functionality Develop and demonstrate DNV KEMA competence in PV power plant testing Provide a framework through which DNV KEMA can conduct PV testing
BeneFiTS These testing RP will allow plant owners, utilities, transmission system operators, and original equipment manufacturers to better manage the fiscal and functional risks associated with PV power plants by providing uniform testing procedures capable of yielding reproducible results. These RP will assist DNV KEMA in becoming an industry leader in PV power plant testing and have the potential to lead to the advancement of industry standards.
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, United States PROJECT PARTNERS Power-One, solar inverter manufacturer, United States Orion Renewable Energy Group, solar developer, United States PROJECT DETAILS Duration: January 2012 - December 2012
SOLAR TECHNOLOGY ELECTRIC AND THERMAL ENERGY

The performance of Photovoltaic (PV) modules decreases with increasing temperature. In Nanosol, modules are cooled by capturing the solar heat. Both electricity and heat are used in renewable energy applications.
In the future, energy supply and demand for electrical and thermal energy will become more entangled. In distributed energy generation, not only will electricity be produced, heat will also play a major role. In this technical project, DNV KEMA and partners take a lead on this transition by developing solar technology for thermal and electrical applications. project The innovative challenge is the development of a new type of tandem cell photovoltaic technology in which pyramid shaped nano structures are applied. In addition, the combination with thermal heat extraction is investigated for optimal cell performance and energy capture. The resulting innovation will be a system which could be used as roofing material, with a good balance between electrical and heat utilisation. After the development of the new product, the knowledge will be used to develop a continuous production process for flexible amorphous silicon PV cells with a high 15 percent efficiency. Objectives This project focuses on the use of nanostructured materials for thin film amorphous PV cells. A novel design for tandem cells will be developed, including nanostructured pyramid shape surface textures. Preliminary results in the lab have shown that the average efficiency can rise from 8 percent to 12-15 percent. This large increase in efficiency must result in a lower cost of produced electricity over the lifetime of the nanostructured cells. The following technological challenges are determined: The optimal application of the nano structures, e.g. size, density, location The optimal thickness and configuration of the multiple layers in the cell Lamination of the PV modules onto the heat extraction system Cooling mechanism of the PV cells KEY RESULTS A prototype nano-structured photovoltaic laminate will be manufactured and tested. This PV laminate will be integrated on roofing layers in a structure that includes a (cooling) mechanism to maintain the optimal temperature.
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS Hyet Solar, the Netherlands Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Germany nanoAnalytics, Germany NPC Meier, Germany Wepro Special Projects, the Netherlands PROJECT DETAILS EFRO - Interreg IV A Programme Duration: August 2012 - December 2014
Power converter, energy management PV Solar Wind
SUSTAINABLE OFF-griD PoWer StAtion for rUrAL AREAS

Because grid connection is too expensive for remote areas, an off-grid power plant is sought. In the SOPRA projects, a stand-alone power plant using renewable energy is developed.
Roughly a quarter of the worlds population has no electricity. These people, mainly in isolated areas, do not benefit from economic development that comes with electrification. be provided with cost effective sustainable, reliable electric power, focusing on renewable power and running generator sets only when absolutely necessary (thus minimising fossil fuel dependency). With the results of the SOPRA project, solution providers will benefit from the multifunctional converter as the heart of the system, as well as from the optimisation tool for the most efficient dimensioning of the power station. Apart from remote villages, military compounds, refugee camps and disaster response field hospitals could also benefit from having a rationally designed modular power system. The concept even has potential applications in the western world, for island communities and energy-neutral residential neighbourhoods, for example.
CLIENT Province of Gelderland, the Netherlands PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS ALTE, United States Bredenoord Aggregaten, the Netherlands Wind Energy Solutions (WES), the Netherlands PFIXX Solar, the Netherlands Alliander DSO, the Netherlands HAN University, the Netherlands Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands PROJECT DETAILS Duration: 2011 - 2012 Funding: European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) / Province of Gelderland, the Netherlands
Battery
Diesel genset
project The SOPRA project is developing a modular, sustainable, off-grid power station for rural applications. The SOPRA system consists of renewable energy sources (wind, solar, hydropower), electricity storage (batteries or other) and back-up diesel power. Together, they will provide power to the consumers connected to the power station, e.g. a remote village. The core of the SOPRA system is the multi-source hybrid inverter (MHI) that connects all sources together, enables them all to run in their optimum operational state and defines the micro-grid of the system. The project is about the design and development of this MHI, demonstration of the system in three locations in the Netherlands, development of a SOPRA optimisation tool and business development for a cooperative exploitation of the SOPRA system. Objectives The aim of the project is to develop a cost effective, modular, off-grid power station with the right combination of renewable energy sources, electricity storage and back-up diesel power. The second objective is ultimately to have an optimisation tool for the most cost effective combination of the SOPRA components, given a certain location and power demand profile. This optimisation tool will be used to translate customer needs into the optimal SOPRA system. BeneFits With a SOPRA system, customers in remote areas can
Village (power demand)
Remote control
installation process and quality to significantly increase the penetration power of PV-GUM in the building market.
It will be based on the Derbibrite white-coated bituminous membrane technology of Imperbel, and the Flexcell (VHF-technologies) flexible PV modules technology. The full integration of the flexible PV modules in the membrane will be performed at the manufacturing stage by a new standardised roll-to-roll encapsulation process to produce PV laminates followed by roll-to-roll bitumen impregnation of the PV-laminates. Here, DNV KEMA is closely involved in the quality procedures of the manufacturing of the membranes and the modules as well as developing guidelines for product certification. Parallel to the module-bitumen lamination, a new standardised PECVD reactor and process will be implemented to increase the efficiency of the Flexcell PV cells to at least 8 percent and achieve technology superiority over competitive technologies. objectives Reducing the overall production costs of the new PV roofing bituminous membrane with an increased degree of integration of PV modules, increased PV module efficiency, high quality and full recyclability. beneFits The PV-GUM project targets a PV-laminates production capacity of 20 MW. The high degree of integration of the PV modules and the roll-to-roll lamination allowing process automation will significantly reduce the costs per Watt/peak. Associated benefits of PV-GUM include sustainability, quality procedures and monitoring in line, compliance to BIPV standards, as well as full recyclability of the whole product.
DNV Kemas role Quality procedures and in-line monitoring of the production process Compliance to building and electrical standards, new guidelines for product certification and sustainability tests Full recycling of the new product
PROJECT COORDINATOR Imperbel, Belgium PROJECT PARTNERS Hyet Solar, the Netherlands DNV KEMA, the Netherlands Maschinenfabrik Herbert Meyer, Germany Nolax, Switzerland Guilbert Express, France Eurinnov, France Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland, the Netherlands B-Energy, France PROJECT DETAILS European Union Seventh Framework Programme Duration: November 2010 - October 2014
Imperbel
NEW FLeXiBLe soLAr ceLL mAnUfActUring tecHnoLogy

Solar photovoltaic (PV) roong membranes have huge potential. A project has been launched to develop new manufacturing technologies and equipment to produce a low cost, highly efcient, exible building integrated PV (BIPV) solar cell.
With millions of square metres of available flat roof surfaces with photovoltaic (PV) conversion potential, PV roofing membranes have huge potential for mass deployment. However, major issues still hinder this deployment as adhesives or barrier encapsulations of the existing flexible PV roofs do not yet provide the same reliability as standard construction materials. project The PV-GUM project aims at developing new manufacturing technologies and equipment which will produce a low cost, highly efficient, flexible building integrated PV (BIPV) solar cell on a bituminous roofing membrane. The PV-GUM membrane should be very close to the normal bituminous roofing membrane in terms of size,
converting Direct Current (DC) to Alternate Current (AC), to create a simple plug-and-play module using marine grade connectors. An array of SUNdy floating modules would be manufactured as a pre-wired unit, significantly reducing the number of electrical connections while also minimising the need for offshore assembly. A collection of these arrays, totaling 4,200 solar panels, forms an expansive solar island the size of a large football stadium, capable of generating 2 MW of power. Multiple islands connected together constitute a solar field of 50 MW or more, producing enough electricity for 30,000 people.
fLoAting soLAr fieLD

Tap solar as a truly sustainable resource, demands a fresh solution. The SUNdy concept for a large-scale oating offshore solar eld concept, brings this vision a step closer to reality.
Population growth is tending to concentrate in coastal megacities with some 50 percent of the worlds population already living within 100 km of the coast, taxing land and fresh water resources in these areas. Nowadays, PV systems are typically be found on residential and commercial roof tops and ground-mounts in utility scale plants. In congested coastal cities theres little opportunity for rooftop solar power, and land surrounding urban areas commands premium prices pushing largescale ground mounted solar production to remote areas, far away from where the power is needed. This results in long transmission lines, issues with public acceptance, wildlife, and cost. PROJECT Given the densely populated coastal line, it make sense to look at visionary offshore possibilities. One of the cutting edge technology concepts is SUNdy a 50+ MW dynamic floating offshore solar field concept. The core of SUNdy is a 2 MW hexagonal array which floats on the sea surface. The scalable design can be deployed independently or linked together with others, providing electricity that can grow with societal needs. The SUNdy concept is made possible using thin-film 560 W solar panels. Thin-film solar panels are cheaper and gaining market share, with efficiencies approaching those of crystalline silicone. These thin-film panels are flexible and lighter than the traditional rigid glass-based modules, allowing them to undulate with the oceans surface. The thin-film solar panels are mounted onto a pliable floatation mat, housing a three-phase micro inverter,
BeneFits An array of SUNdy floating modules would be manu factured as a pre-wired unit The need for offshore assembly is minimized The solar panels themselves are attached to floating board and float directly on the water. SUNdy does not use a separate floating structure to be mounted on The SUNdy concept uses only a minimum of floating gangways and keeps the solar panel floaters in place with wires The SUNdy concept is based on thin film PV technology: flexible solar panels are used, avoiding heavy glass laminates The number of electrical connections is reduced to a miminum The SUNdy concept is using three-phase micro-inverters built into each solar panel, making it very easy to electrically connect and to replace. This also gives a robust solution for unevenness in an array (a row of panels) where panels can be damaged and not working All wiring is AC. This could be a more cost-effective electric solution than waterproof standard DC connections with bigger inverters The physical structure of the SUNdy concept makes this idea closer to a financially viable solution
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, Asia Pacific PROJECT DETAILS DNV Extraordinary Innovation Project Duration: March 2011 - January 2012
SoLAr Action PLAn for tHe netHerLAnDs

With about 100 MWp installed photovoltaic (PV) capacity in 2011 in the Netherlands, the Dutch contribution to PV generated electricity is limited. A limitation for installing PV in the Netherlands is a result of a scattered market, among others.
In European countries like Germany, Belgium and Spain, incentive schemes have stimulated the growth of installed PV capacity such that up to 1 GWp per year is installed in Germany, or example. In the Netherlands, research and machinery development for PV have flourished to achieve global renown. To promote a significant increase of installed PV power in the Netherlands, DNV KEMA is taking the lead for a National Action Plan. PROJECT In 2011, DNV KEMA observed that several important stakeholders in the Dutch PV market shared the opinion that broad collaboration between stakeholders was necessary for a desired increase in installed PV capacity in the Netherlands. From that point, DNV KEMA took the lead in gathering stakeholders into one group of market actors with a shared goal: growth of the Dutch PV capacity up to 4,000 MWp in 2020. The focus of this project is the large rollout of PV in the Netherlands, rather than technology development and the export of solar products and related equipment. OBjectives The main question answered by this project is: what actions should be taken to overcome the barriers for installing 4 GWp in the Netherlands in 2020? In order to do so, a vision document was drawn up using input from stake-holders. Based on the vision document, an action plan was constructed and each action was verified for support with the relevant market actors. This resulted in the National Action Plan Solar Power. The first issue was presented in 2011 and in 2012 several actions were initiated and completed. An updated version of this plan was then produced. BENEFITS Besides the shared benefit of taking steps towards an increase in installed PV capacity in the Netherlands, the participating partners perceived several individual benefits. Examples are an introduction to other stakeholders through workshops, knowledge about the current state of the market and strategic positioning of own businesses. DNV Kemas role Facilitating in linking stakeholders Extracting information from the market and putting it into context Setting up and verifying a vision document and action plan Dissemination of the project results
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS Alliander, ECN, Enexis, Mastervolt, Sun Projects, VDH Solar, W-pro (the Netherlands) PROJECT DETAILS Duration: December 2011 - December 2012
Smart Grids
The new monitoring approach is based on a deep-packet inspection combined with improved data flows collection called Flexible NetFlow, and at present has been successfully implemented for monitoring network service quality level for voice, video and data traffic, and detection of cyber attacks and other undesirable network events. Its now possible to use similar approach for monitoring smart grid networks. DNV KEMA was selected by Baltimore Gas and Electric to conduct a smart grid network audit and assist in answering the following questions: Is our smart grid network deployed and operating in compliance to common industry standards and best practices? What appplications are currently in use and what is their impact on the smart grid? What is the efficiency and utilization of smart grid network resources? Where are our smart grid network anomalies and inefficiencies? Does our smart grid network have enough capacity and reliability to support our selection of smart grid applications? What would be the impact on our network if we deploy a new set of smart grid business programs and smart grid applications? PROJECT DNV KEMA is developing a suite of smart grid network quality metrics to define common industry standards and best practices for a smart grid networks reliability, performance, capacity and security. Verification of specific smart-grid network compliance to common quality standards will be provided as a smart-grid audit service, and will be conducted as a non-intrusive network monitoring utilizing deep-packet inspection and a Flexible NetFlow.
Objectives Implementation of a smart grid audit service requires: Development of recommended suites of smart grid applications (e.g. AMR, DA, DRM, etc.) Development of requirements for each smart grid application (e.g. expected volume of data traffic, tolerance to delay and jitter, tolerance to packet loss, apps security, etc.) Development of requirements for a smart grid network metrics (e.g. reliability, performance, capacity) Development of typical MESH/PLC network monitoring configuration templates for deep packet inspection and data flow collection Development of data analysis methodologies and techniques
CLIENT Baltimore Gas and Electric, United States PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, United States
SmArt GRID NETWORKS AUDIT

Smart grid networks represent challenges for utilities as they require management of millions of network elements in an environment where traditional network monitoring technologies designed for high-speed networks cannot be used.
Typical smart grid networks communicate with devices such as electricity meters, gas meters, heat meters, and water meters, using low-speed wireless MESH or a low-speed power line communication (PLC), which measure, collect, analyze, and optimize electricity, heat or water usage. Consequently, smart grid networks are often left practically unmanaged, when utilities monitor only one basic network performance indicator Rate of Successful Meter Reads that provides very little understanding of actual network performance and capabilities. Recently Cisco Systems and other vendors released some new technologies, which are enabling a new approach in smart grid network monitoring and management. Contrary to traditional network monitoring, which is based on monitoring of all network elements (difficult or impossible in a low-speed smart grid network with millions of network elements), new technologies enable comprehensive network monitoring out of a single network element that sits on the path between main traffic sources and destinations.
district with a district heating system. With these demonstration projects the Smart Energy Collective partners are striving to gain insight as to how smart energy systems can be designed in a generic way such that after these trial site projects are completed, intelligent energy systems can be rolled out on a large-scale basis. This is why the generic design is one of the most important end products. The design will establish the specifications, standards and guidelines for such systems. Project Seven essential services are required for the operation of such smart energy systems. One of these essential services is an integrated market control mechanism that can influence the demand and supply of energy, as well as network load, with the costs for all functions remaining transparent. To achieve the desired multi-goal and multi-stakeholders optimisation, the system must be capable of optimising the deployment of all assets within the energy system in terms of capacity, price and time. The system must therefore be application-independent; a single mechanism must be capable of integrating and optimising the deployment of different types of assets such as electric vehicles, heat pumps, micro CHP plants, wind and solar PV. objectives With the introduction of a market mechanism of this type we introduce a partially new method for optimising the electricity system. In the current system markets are used to align the demand and supply for energy. Aligning the demand and supply of medium-sized and lowvolume users, is entirely new, however. In this new situation millions of suppliers and buyers will become active in this market all at once and trade will not only involve the energy itself, but also the available transport and distribution capacity.
It is unclear at the moment how forecasting and planning methods on the one hand can contribute to optimising the deployment of these millions of assets and, on the other hand, whether there are any (market) conditions that could cause the system to become unstable. Examples of flash crashes are well-known from the financial sector and are unacceptable in the energy sector. Indeed, innovative smart energy systems will have to compete with the reliability and availability of the current system. Neither the energy sector itself, nor its customers will accept a reduction in these aspects with the introduction of such smart energy systems. The results of the project will provide insight and direction for preparing the specifications of the market control mechanism.
SmArt energy mArket forecAsting AnD PLAnning

A fundamentally new distributed marketing regulation mechanism is required to unify the interests of all stakeholders in a smart energy system in a transparent and balanced way. This regulation mechanism must optimise the dispatch of millions of assets.
The consumption of electricity is expected to increase sharply over the coming decades as a result of electric transportation and space heating using heat pumps. At the same time a great deal of power will be generated using (intermittent) sustainable energy sources that are often installed at decentralised sites. The current distribution network has not been designed for the large-scale variable supply of electric power and the increase in demand. Technological innovations, combined with new services, must keep our future energy supply affordable and reliable, and must facilitate the transition to sustainable energy. This requires interaction with the energy consumer (end user) and management of the twoway traffic in energy networks. Intelligent networks are being investigated and demonstrated in actual practice. Combinations of services and techniques are being developed and offered to five user groups: industry (small and medium-sized enterprises), offices, an all-electric residential district, a residential district with a gas and electric infrastructure and a residential
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT COORDINATOR Groningen University and members of the Smart Energy Collective: ABB, Alliander, APX Endex, BAM, Delta, EATON, EHE, Eneco, Enexis, Essent, GEN, Gemalto, Heijmans, ICT Automatisering, IBM, Imtech, DNV KEMA, KPN, Nedap, NXP, Philips, Priva, Siemens, SmartDutch, Stedin and TenneT (all from the Netherlands) PROJECT COORDINATOR TKI Smart Grids 2012 Duration: January 2013 - February 2015
inVestment reQUirements for ict in smArt griDs

In order to build up and operate smart grids, German distribution networks will require investments of 7 billion Euros up until 2030. This was one of the major results of a study conducted by DNV KEMA for the German Association of Municipal Utilities.
Smart grids are viewed as an important part of future energy supply. Information and communication technology (ICT) plays an essential role in this context. Distribution network operators (DSOs)will be challenged by an increasingly volatile energy feed of renewable energy plants, such as photovoltaic or wind, over the next few decades. This will not only lead to further enforcement of conventional grids but also to investments in ICT in order to enhance the energy grid and enable coordination of demand and supply. We have created a comprehensive study for the Association of Municipal Utilities (VKU) which estimates the adjustment and investment requirements of ICT for Germany by 2030, with a focus on the market role of DSOs. project The current ICT structures of DSOs were described and analysed and existing cost structures were collected empirically. Furthermore, energy-economic scenarios and smart grid developments until 2030 were developed in the study, on which the necessary adjustments for DSOs were finally estimated. The energy-economic scenarios were based closely on the goals of the Federal Government and were used, in particular, to estimate the development of renewable energies and cogeneration plants at distribution network level. The Smart Grid scenarios were described according to current research projects (E-Energy) and available technologies. objectives This study concentrated on the evaluation of the necessary adaptation and investment needs with regard to the information and communication technology for development of distributed energy systems (smart grid). The study addresses the vital question of the future ICT set up, which includes hardware and software, of common DSO based on a certain development of renewable energies and a potential design of smart grid technologies and mechanisms in 2020 and 2030. Within the study, there was also an evaluation of the way in which the current regulatory framework provides opportunities for investments in smart grid-related ICT. Overall, the study provides a possible and realistic picture of the necessary ICT infrastructure for DSOs based on facts while taking the development towards a smart grid into account. We examined the required investments related to smart grids that are not only restricted to a smart meter, but also include the overall perspective of ICT incorporating centralised and decentralised ICT components and systems at DSO level.
CLIENT Verband kommunaler Unternehmen e.V. (VKU), Germany PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, Germany PROJECT DETAILS Duration: June 2011 - June 2012
CYBER secUrity BAsis for smArt griDs

The integration of computers into the power grid makes the grid vulnerable to hackers, viruses and other cyber-attacks. An attack of this nature can in fact disrupt the supply of electricity.
objective ENCS aim is to develop practical solutions for network operators. In consultation with ENCS, three new technologies have been designated that are required to improve Smart grid security: A system that monitors the security of the data network of the network operators and that can detect attacks A protocol with which network operators can read the meter readings of a number of homes collectively, without acquiring privacy-sensitive information about a single home Methods for testing new smart grid equipment, such as smart meters, for weak spots in their security This top sector project will develop the knowledge required for these technologies. Smart grids are future technologies designed to manage the power grid. Such technologies are required to offset the higher unpredictability of solar cells and wind turbines in comparison to coal and gas powered plants. Integrating sensors and computers into the network improves the ability to respond to changes in the demand and supply of electricity. The best known examples are the smart power meters that network operators are installing at consumers premises. project The European Network for Cyber Security (ENCS) was established in July 2012 by a number of Dutch parties to improve the digital security of smart grids through knowledge sharing, collaboration and research. Research is required because the smart grid security domain is largely still uncultivated.
PROJECT COORDINATOR European Network for Cyber Security (ENCS), the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS Alliander, the Netherlands TNO, the Netherlands KPN, the Netherlands DNV KEMA, the Netherlands SecurityMatters BV, the Netherlands Twente University, the Netherlands PROJECT DETAILS TKI Smart Grids 2012 Duration: January 2013 - February 2014
SmArt griDs DistriBUteD GenerAtion, eV AnD storAge

Combining the resources of leading Brazilian electricity utilities, ABRADEE, commissioned research on a number of key topics related to smart grids. These included communications, metering and sensors, distribution automation, governance, distributed generation, electric vehicles, and energy storage.
ABRADEE the Association of Distribution Utilities, assigned the task of researching distributed generation, electric vehicles, and energy storage to DNV KEMA. project The project had 12 deliverables. We began with producing a report, which described the current state of the technologies used in the utilities and the technologies needed to enable a smart grid. Subsequent deliverables addressed penetration levels for various smart grid technologies, their impacts, and the policies needed to support the expected levels. We developed them specifically for the Brazilian market, using local regional data and knowledge. We evaluated penetration levels for distributed generation technologies such as wind, solar, biomass, electric vehicles and storage. Then, we studied these results at the macro-economic level to see what effect they would have on the national energy portfolio. Based on the projected market penetration, the team conducted a socio-economic and environmental impact analysis. Last, we examined the supporting infrastructure and policies that would need to be in place, which included the industry supply chain, local R&D, and additional energy efficiency measures. Objectives Through our investigation, we developed models to forecast the expected long-term (20122030) penetration levels of distributed generation, electric vehicles, and storage under a range of potential growth scenarios conservative, moderate, and aggressive. Key results In the conservative scenario, public policies were not considered. In the moderate and aggressive scenarios, two policy levels were considered. For each scenario, we modeled the yearly penetration levels and assessed the respective potential impacts, including technical, commercial, social, and environmental. Based on these results, we recommended improvements to public policies related to future R&D, industry supply chain issues, and energy efficiency.
CLIENT ABRADEE, Associao Brasileira de Distribuidores de Energia Eltrica PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, United States & ABRADEE, Brazil PROJECT PARTNERS CPQD, USP - EnerqCentro de Estudos em Regulao e Qualidade de Energia, Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento, Brazil INNOVARE, Fundao Getlio Vargas, Brazil PROJECT DETAILS The associated utilities funded this initiative. The project was completed in 1.5 years.
PROJECT In Utrecht, the pilot is testing optimal use of local solar energy facilities together with the use of electric vehicles and electric storage. In Amersfoort, another pilot is focusing on prosumers with better awareness of real-time electricity production and use, combined with smarter use of domestic incentives will be simulated to challenge this. A repeated behavioural study among prosumers with their experiences, wishes and demands will provide insights for the large-scale rollout. The changing role of the network operator in these pilots may be a driver for the new business models, which may also apply for changing laws and taxes for renewable energy.
The PV forecast tool is a DNV KEMA innovation to estimate solar production based on the presence of a large number of solar panels which give multiple production measurements per minute. We play an important role in this project, both as an expert and in coordinating positions (with the technical project manager and the project manager for the Amersfoort pilot). OBjectives In 2015 this project will show the possibilities for a large scale rollout of renewable energy and create awareness for new local and regional business opportunities. To this end, the project will share its knowledge in frequent conferences for entrepreneurs and knowledge dissemination between universities.
SmArt griD: RetUrns for ALL Solar prosumer in the lead

The project Smart Grid: Returns for everyone! creates new business models and nancial concepts to achieve a large-scale rollout of smart grid services. This will be tested in two pilots at 200 prosumers with home energy management systems and behavioural studies.
In the coming years, consumers will be faced with higher prices for electricity and fuel. They will probably be given other contracts with more flexible tariffs and they may become prosumers (electricity producing consumers) on a large-scale. In a smart grid, new concepts and services can be developed to help consumers find their optimal position in this new situation. These services can help them manage their own energy production and consumption. Grouped together, they may make a difference in the electricity market, especially when tariffs become time flexible. And particularly when these consumers have their own electricity production, for example solar panels. In Utrecht, three schools are already covered with solar panels while in Amersfoort over 500 houses have had solar panels for ten years. Both test locations have a high penetration of prosumers. With this capacity, future use can be tested for these prosumers and small businesses.
CLIENT Provincie Utrecht and cities of Utrecht and Amersfoort, the Netherlands PROJECT COORDINATOR Taskforce Innovation Region Utrecht, the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS DNV KEMA, Lomboxnet, University Groningen, Stedin, Utrecht University, Utrecht Sustainability Institute, Cap Gemini, Ecofys, Eemflow Energy, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Icasus (all from the Netherlands PROJECT DETAILS Subsidy: Pieken in de Delta, Dutch Government Duration: February 2012 - February 2015
COST-EFFECTIVE AND reLiABLe DistriBUtion griD oPerAtion

Smart distribution grids will become the backbone of all endeavours to alter the patterns of power generation and consumption in Europe. A distribution system operator will need to determine which functionalities and technologies are necessary.
As the patterns of power generation and distribution are rapidly changing in Europe towards a highly dispersed and volatile system, Distribution System Operators (DSO) need to completely change traditional grid operations. Currently developed solutions to increase the intelligence of medium- and low-voltage grids to cope with this task are often highly specialised, non-replicable and therefore not cost-effective. project In this project, the optimal level of intelligence in the distribution network is assessed and the replicable technological options are determined that will allow a costeffective and reliable enhancement of observability and controllability of future distribution networks in Europe. DISCERN will build on five demonstration projects operated by major European DSOs. The demonstration sites involved unite a variety of technological approaches addressing different challenges. In addition, DISCERN will liaise with other EEGI smart grid innovation projects in Europe in a series of workshops and apply their results. The project will therefore become part of the EEGI family of projects. Based on comparative assessment, guided by a set of Key Performance Indicators, technological options, solutions and operational processes, the project will define recommendations for replicable solutions. Moreover, DISCERN will demonstrate innovative solutions in field tests and simulations. Objective The main objective is the enhancement of European distribution grids with technical and organisational solutions for the optimal level of smart grid intelligence. To achieve its objective, DISCERN builds on a strong European consortium including five DSOs, technology providers, research institutes and universities as well as a technical consultancy. beneFits DISCERN will enable DSOs to manage their networks more rationally and to plan their extension, thus facilitating the large-scale introduction of renewable generation necessary for the transformation of the energy system.
PROJECT COORDINATOR RWE, Germany PROJECT PARTNERS ABB, Sweden Fundacin Circe Centro de Investigacin de Recursos y Consumos Energticos, Spain Iberdrola Distribucon Elctrica, Spain DNV KEMA, Germany Kunliga tekniska Hoeskolan, Sweden OFFIS, Germany Scottish and Southern Energy, United Kingdom Union Fenosa Distribucon, Spain Vattenfal Research and Development, Sweden ZIV Communications, Spain PROJECT DETAILS European Union, seventh Framework Programme Duration: February 2013 - February 2016
DISTriBUtion mAnAgement system

Australian distribution network owners and operators are facing futures in which the way that such networks have been traditionally operated is changing quickly.
operation of their networks. These centralized decision support systems are Distribution Management Systems (DMS). project DNV KEMA has been engaged on many strategic studies, business cases and specification and procurement exercises for Distribution Management Systems technology. Commencing in 2010, we have worked with a large distribution network operator to assist with: DMS strategy and road map Cost/benefit study for a DMS implementation Development of a procurement specification and assessment of vendor proposals Project management, technical subject matter expertise and operational change management services during the project implementation Trends in the industry toward lowering carbon emissions and increasing energy sustainability are driving greater penetration of renewable energy sources both at the end consumer (low-voltage) level and at the medium-voltage level in the network. In addition, higher levels of penetration of communications technologies are opening increasing opportunities to monitor and control distribution networks. Utilities are therefore looking at both far greater deployments of localized automation and greatly increased use of centralized decision support systems to optimize the
CLIENT Large distribution network operator, Australia PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, Australia
CeLLULAr SmArt griD PLAtform

One of the most important problems in the further development and growth of sustainable energy sources concerns the integration of generated power into the electrical network. This is only possible if the distribution network is modernised and used more effectively.
The emergence of smart grids represents a step in the right direction. However, there are a number of uncertainties and corresponding risks associated with the development of smart grids. Firstly, it is not yet clear which technologies, products and services are going to be successful. Secondly, it is not clear how the costs and benefits in a smart grid will be distributed among the involved parties: power generators and suppliers, network operators, consumers and service providers. Thirdly, it is uncertain when the large-scale rollout of smart grids will occur and how responsibilities will be distributed among the various market parties. project The Cellular Smart Grids Platform (CSGriP) Project researches and develops a grid concept in which sub-grids, at the distribution level, largely operate in a self-supporting and self-regulating way in the local, decentralised generation and local consumption of energy, using a relatively small energy storage facility and new smart grid technologies. objective The sub-grids are linked together via a backbone (the medium-voltage grid) for the purpose of being able to exchange power on a temporary basis as the need arises. The objective of this concept is to achieve maximum local alignment between demand and supply and maximum integration of decentralised sustainable energy, such as solar PV, micro CHP plants and wind turbines. Particular to this concept is that it builds up and maintains an intrinsically stable network cell without the need for a drastically complex ICT infrastructure up to the level of every user for consumer/prosumer. beneFits This innovative concept will be further researched and developed as part of the CSGriP partnership project. The concept as well as the composition of the consortium flow from the currently ongoing SOPRA partnership project concerning autono-mous networks involving the sustainable generation and storage of electricity.
PROJECT COORDINATOR Alfen, the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS Alliander, the Netherlands Avans University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands Bredenoord Aggregaten, the Netherlands DNV KEMA, the Netherlands HAN University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands Pfixx Solar, the Netherlands Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands Wind Energy Solutions (WES), the Netherlands PROJECT DETAILS TKI Smart Grids 2012 Duration: January 2013 - January 2016
smArt energy oPen frAmeWork

For the large-scale introduction of intelligent networks, insight and direction in all guidelines and standards required to apply new services on a large scale is needed. Therefore a smart energy open framework will be developed.
For the large-scale variable supply of electric power and the increase in demand, intelligent networks are being investigated and demonstrated in actual practice. Project In this project a smart energy open framework will be developed. The design of the smart energy open framework will be implemented using the following 9 steps: Collect the requirements of all involved stakeholders Define and elaborate the generic services and proposi tions that form part of the smart energy open framework Design the ICT and energy infrastructure Define a market model Determine the standards required for this Develop guidelines for aspects such as privacy and security Establish guidelines that will be applied to guarantee the stability of the network when these services are in fact offered Develop guidelines for approaching consumers in offering smart grid services so as to be able to realise a large-scale introduction Update the smart energy open framework on the basis of the lessons learned from the trial sites Objectives The objective is to develop a smart energy open framework so that after the large-scale demonstration of new developed systems and services, it is suited for further upscaling. This way, products and services are developed that collectively facilitate the realisation of large-scale, internationally deployable, commercially viable, smart energy systems. The constraints are as follows: the combinations offered must be in demand by these consumers, they must be feasible and affordable for the sector and the involved project partners, and they must be socially and politically acceptable when ultimately rolled out. BeneFits The results of the project provide insight and direction in all guidelines and standards required to apply the services developed by the Smart Energy Collective on a large scale. The results will be used for the large-scale introduction of intelligent networks with which the project partners can generate new business and stimulate the economy.
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS TU/e and members of the Smart Energy Collective: ABB, Alliander, APX Endex, BAM, Delta, EATON, EHE, Eneco, Enexis, Essent, GEN, Gemalto, Heijmans, ICT Automatisering, IBM, Imtech, DNV KEMA, KPN, Nedap, NXP, Philips, Priva, Siemens, SmartDutch, Stedin and TenneT (all from the Netherlands) PROJECT DETAILS TKI Smart Grids 2012 Duration: January 2013 - February 2015
ObJECTIVES Watt connects will offer companies, government and academics an interactive introduction to smart grids and connect these parties in an inspiring environment. This should result in a good understanding of smart grids and their practical value, as well as new ideas for innovative products and services for our future energy systems. KEY RESULTS Watt connects opened at the end of 2012. The main result so far is the development of a special demonstration table in which many scenarios of energy supply and energy balance can be simulated at local and national level, including electricity, gas and heat grids. Real power flow models are the basis for this table; hardware such as new devices can be connected and ten persons can experience the impact and the value of a smart grid. To that end, the table consists of ten touch screens.
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS Liander, the Netherlands TCN, the Netherlands TenneT, the Netherlands PROJECT DETAILS Primary funding: private investment by partners Subsidy: City region Arnhem Nijmegen/Province of Gelderland and City of Arnhem (Program Energy made in Arnhem) Duration: October 2012 - December 2013
SmArt griD insPirAtion AnD DemonstrAtion centre

Smart grid is the enabler of a sustainable energy supply in which renewables will be applied on a large scale. The smart grid inspiration and demonstration centre Watt connects provides practical knowledge and lets professionals experience smart grids.
PROJECT DNV KEMA, Dutch distribution network operator Liander, TenneT TSO and property owner TCN have joined forces to build the smart grid inspiration and demonstration centre Watt connects. This centre supports the development of smart grids by simulating and demonstrating the implementation of smart grids on a small scale and thus with limited investment costs and risks. New technologies, services and applications will be demonstrated and visitors can use simulation tools. Visitors then can experience the operation and value of smart grids. Watt connects organises workshops, presentations and meetings for networking. Watt connects bundles and strengthens the knowledge and innovations of their founding partners and other professionals working on smart grid projects. The target group consists of policy makers, utilities experts, the built environment, product and service providers and academics including students. Watt connects serves as a network for these professionals and as a breeding ground for start-ups.
TESTING AND DEVELOPING SMART METER PROCESSES

In view of future challenges, RWE Metering aims to newly develop its processes and functions. To fulll this objective, RWE Metering has drafted a comprehensive project in which a metering data management system is tested and smart meter processes are developed.
PROJECT The project, which is a preparation for the rollout of smart meters, includes: Definition of necessary upgrade measures for existing IT systems Detailing of the processes necessary for setting up a smart metering service provider, and derivation of the functional requirements for the IT target landscape based on the processes Timely provision of a targeted, cost-efficient IT landscape that corresponds to the process requirements OBJECTIVES The ultimate aim is to develop a flexible and scalable IT target landscape which can cover various scenarios and offer high performance. Furthermore, the desired process and functional landscape for a metering company must be determined so that services can be provided efficiently. With regard to the meter data management system, RWE Metering has accepted that the current system is not designed to handle the expected amount of data. Some of the actual systems must therefore be adjusted or replaced. To do this, the existing core systems will initially be tested for their suitability. The scalability and future security of the system, the system stability and the comparison of hardware are the main focus.
The performance parameters establish the variables for the tests and are developed through various scenarios. Scenario 1 > Minimum scenario (for example: a month reading of 1 million meters, no firmware updates, low download volume) Scenario 2 > Medium scenario (for example: a weekly reading of 2 million meters, frequent tariff changes and switching, higher download volumes) Scenario 3 > High-end scenario (for example: a reading of 3 million meters every quarter hour, regular firmware updates) BENEFITS The test cases developed on the basis of the scenarios present the foundation for the scaling tests. If the measurements show that a reduction of the data volume is to be expected in the future, this reduction is assessed as critical or acceptable and, if necessary, relevant scaling measures are suggested. These measures generally apply
to the tuning of the system, the redesign and reprogramming of the processes as well as the upgrading of hardware. A further fundamental project component is the comprehensive definition and description of the future processes of a metering company and the testing of the existing actual processes. For this, the actual processes are recorded and checked. Finally, all modelled processes are merged into a detailed concept which provides the basis for a requirement specification which will be compiled at a later time point.
CLIENT RWE Metering, Germany PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, Germany PROJECT DETAILS Phase II, April 2012 - November 2012
Concept of the future smart metering target landscape
POWErmAtcHing city 2 A living lab smart grid demo

PowerMatching City is internationally recognised as the rst integrated smart grid demonstration solution. The second phase of this project focuses on the development and demonstration of business models for new energy service offerings.
PowerMatching City has been awarded a position in the Sustania Top 100 of the most sustainable projects worldwide. In the first phase (2007-2011), the project developed, built and demonstrated an integrated smart grid solution in Hoogkerk near the city of Groningen. In this phase, 25 households were equipped with a mix of decentralised energy resources (PV-solar and micro-CHP), hybrid heat pumps smart appliances, smart meters and electric transport. Wind energy was included via a wind park. Stabilisation and optimisation of the network was achieved by trading energy on a local market based on a real-time price signal using the PowerMatcher concept. The technical feasibility of the concept was successfully proven in the first phase. Objectives The second phase, PowerMatching City 2, focuses on the development and demonstration of business models for new energy service offerings. New propositions are developed for the end user, based on real-time pricing and energy communities. The market model of PowerMatching City will be integrated into the regular energy market processes, such as allocation and reconciliation and billing. Capacity management and control of a distribution station will be demonstrated by scaling up the living lab environment to 40-50 households and extending the number of electric vehicles with smart charging services. Based on the outcome of PowerMatching City 2, we will validate the business case of the smart grid solutions. Furthermore, an open innovation platform was created, allowing third parties to test and demonstrate their innovative technologies and smart grid solutions in a real life demonstration environment, thus accelerating the innovation process. beneFits DISCERN will enable DSOs to manage their networks more rationally and to plan their extension, thus facilitating the large scale introduction of renewable generation necessary for the transformation of the energy system.
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS ICT Automatisering, the Netherlands Enexis, the Netherlands Essent, the Netherlands TNO, the Netherlands Gasunie, the Netherlands Universities of Delft and Eindhoven, the Netherlands Hanzehogeschool Groningen, the Netherlands PROJECT DETAILS Funding: IPIN - Dutch government Duration: September 2011 - September 2014
PROJECT The project involves the development of five large-scale smart grid demonstration projects in the Netherlands: an industrial site at Haarlemmermeer, in the offices of ABB, Eneco and Philips and in residential districts in the Dutch cities of Gorinchem, Heerhugowaard, and Goes. objectives To develop, design and build five field trials with over a thousand energy consumers at various locations in the Netherlands To apply different combinations of innovative scalable and interoperable smart grid technologies, products and services To demonstrate and test these technologies for a period of at least two years under real-life conditions with various types of energy consumers To validate the business case for smart energy based on data acquired from these field trials To present results to the industry, the public, policy makers and others interested in smart grids To develop a common market for smart energy services with sufficient volume to make this an attractive business for all partners KEY results The SEC was founded at the end of 2010. The first phase relating to the establishment of the SEC was completed in 2011. The key result was a plan of action and a vision on how to design five coherent field trials in the Netherlands that could help develop a consistent view of fully integrated smart energy solutions. These field trials will cover all relevant energy user groups ranging from industry to offices and residential customers in various energy infrastructures (all-electric, gas and electricity, district heating).
Phase 2, the design phase, has started and will be finalised in the spring of 2013. The main result will be a smart energy framework that can be regarded as the basic design for both the field trials and future smart grid reallife projects. In addition, the detailed design of the five field trials will be available at the end of Phase 2.
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS (AND PROJECT CLIENTS) Heijmans ABB IBM Alliander ICT Automatisering APX-ENDEX Imtech BAM KPN Delta Nedap DNV KEMA NXP Eaton Philips EHE Priva Eneco Siemens Enexis Smart Dutch Essent Stedin Gemalto TenneT GEN All partners have offices in the Netherlands PROJECT DETAILS Primary funding: private investment by industry partners Subsidy: IPIN - Dutch government Duration: October 2012 - September 2015
inDUstry initiAtiVe to sPeeD UP smArt energy innoVAtion

The Smart Energy Collective (SEC) is an open innovation initiative, with 26 industry partners along the entire energy value chain, aimed at accelerating innovations in smart energy. As part of this initiative, ve largescale smart grid demonstration projects were launched in the Netherlands.
Intelligent energy systems, also known as smart grids, are essential for creating an affordable and reliable sustainable energy supply. The Smart Energy Collective is one of the largest sector-transcending initiatives in Europe for the actual development of smart grids and services. At the same time, the Smart Energy Collective wants to make an important contribution to the standardisation that this new field requires. The partners range from TSOs, DSOs, energy suppliers and trading companies to service and technology providers, contractors and energy consultancy firms.
Cohesive Network Management Systems (DMS, CMS) Smart Customer Meters Smart Sensors Smart Appliances User-oriented Presentation Portals
Pervasive Wide-Bandwidth Digital Communications Capability Distributed Energy Resources Remote Control & Monitoring (SCADA - Trans/Dist) Network Automation & Self-Healing Enterprise Data Management Systems Dynamic Load Management
Security
Workforce mobility
Analytics that Transform Data into Intelligence
smArt griD strAtegy

Smart grid concepts have developed as technology development provides the potential for ubiquitous data communications throughout the electric power network. A smart grid strategy can enhance efciency and reliability.
Smart metering systems and the increasing penetration of Intelligent Electrical Devices provide the capability to have near real-time data feeds from anywhere in a network and offer the ability to operate networks in more efficient ways plus opportunities to optimize the use of embedded renewable power sources. PROJECT Utilities throughout Australia are investigating and trialing the use of many different smart grid technologies to understand the challenges and opportunities that they provide. DNV KEMA has been working with a major distribution utility to assist with a smart grid strategy to enhance efficiency of network operation, to improve network reliability and to enhance efficiency of network investment. objective Development of a vision for a future operating para digm incorporating elements of smart grid technology Development of a smart grid strategy and road map Development of a detailed business case to examine the costs and benefits of deploying smart grid technology
CLIENT Major transmission and distribution network operator, Australia PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, Australia
Energy Storage
nortH seA PoWer to gAs PLAtform

The intermittent character of wind and solar energy increases the demand for exibility in the energy system, in order to match supply and demand. One way is to convert electricity surpluses into gas and store it in the natural gas infrastructure.
The share of sustainably generated electricity is increasing. An interesting and probably cost-effective solution to both the matching of supply & demand and the need for additional transmission capacity is the conversion of electricity surpluses into gaseous energy carriers such as hydrogen or methane and accommodation in the natural gas infrastructure. project This Power to Gas (P2G) concept is of specific interest for the North Sea area, which is subject to ambitious plans for the deployment of large-scale wind power production. In order to boost the exploration of the value of the Powerto-Gas concept for the North Sea area, DNV KEMA took the lead in setting up the North Sea Power to Gas Platform. objectives Taking the renewable energy targets and ambitions of the European Commission and the countries surrounding the North Sea as the starting point, the main objective of the North Sea Power to Gas Platform is to establish an integrated network of stakeholders to join forces in order to explore the viability and feasibility of power-to-gas. Members of the platform are transmission & distribution network operators, oil & gas companies, utilities, technology manufacturers and industrial companies that are situated around the North Sea.
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS Fluxys, Belgium Maersk Oil, Denmark Energinet, Denmark Gasunie, the Netherlands National Grid, United Kingdom ITM Power, United Kingdom Alliander, the Netherlands TenneT, the Netherlands Open Grid Europe, Germany PROJECT DETAILS Feasibility year 2013, if successful, the platform will be continued
sAfety testing for LArge LitHiUm-ion BAttery systems

Electricity storage is one of the key assets for energy transition. The STALLION project explores the risks related to the deployment of Li-ion batteries in the electricity grid. Protection measures are dened and tested.
The integration of renewable energy sources requires improved flexibility of the electrical network due to their intermittent nature. Electricity storage is one of the key assets as it can balance the intermittent electricity production and demand. Today Lithium-ion battery systems are widely applied in consumer electronics because of the high energy density of this technology. The Li-ion batteries are also preferred for large-scale application in electric vehicles. Furthermore, battery and system suppliers are proposing MW-range battery systems for stationary applications. However, the market penetration of such systems will depend on their safety and reliability, as the size and energy content of stationary battery systems exceed those of batteries for household applications and even electric vehicles. project The STALLION project develops and validates a safety framework for large-scale, stationary, grid-connected Lithium-ion battery systems during all stages of their life cycle. Risks are identified for all levels of the battery system. Protection measures are defined and tested to deal with the major risks. The validated safety measures will be described in a Handbook for grid-connected storage systems. objectives The STALLION project explores the risks related to the deployment of Li-ion batteries in the electricity grid (often in proximity of residential areas). It addresses potential failures throughout the entire lifecycle (transportation, installation, operation, maintenance, decommissioning and recycling) at all levels of the system (cell, module, system, grid-connected storage system). After a thorough risk assessment, STALLION proposes risk mitigation measures which will be tested either experimentally at cell level or by modelling at system level. Finally, the STALLION project will deliver a validated framework of tests and safety measures related to the safety of large, stationary, grid-connected Li-ion battery systems. This framework will be submitted to relevant standardisation committees and (local) authorities.
PROJECT COORDINATOR Vito, Belgium PROJECT PARTNERS CEA, France ABB, Switzerland DNV KEMA, the Netherlands Dispatch Energy, Germany Umicore, Belgium VDE, Germany PROJECT DETAILS European Union, Seventh Framework Programme Duration: October 2012 - October 2015
ZINC-Air fLoW BAtteries

Electricity storage systems could be central to the future of our electricity supply. The output from renewable sources is hard to match with the demand and this has implications for the stability and quality of electricity networks. Storage can help.
Looking ahead, we may expect decentralised power generation to play a greater role and the volume of sustainable wind and solar energy to increase. Several technologies for local, small-scale storage are currently available or under development. Conventional battery systems have a relative short discharging time of about two hours. For storing renewable energy overnight, flow battery systems such as zinc-air flow batteries are suitable as they can store relatively large amounts of energy and have low self-discharge rates. project The projects overall aim is to create a low cost modular and environmentally sustainable electrical energy storage system with high energy density and fast response. To achieve these aims, the project will radically extend the performance of zinc-air batteries from small-scale single primary cells to rechargeable redox flow battery modules, which at production scale can be stacked to give powers of 20 kW to MWs with several hours of storage. In tandem with the battery system, a novel distributed power converter will be developed to enable plug and play scale up and hot swapping of battery modules (i.e. disconnection, replacement and reconnection of a single battery can be performed without interrupting the performance of the energy storage system). The electronics will also selectively load the battery modules to allow proactive balancing of the batteries in a string during charge/discharge cycling and prevent any string from being significantly limited by a single weak battery, as is the case with existing systems. beneFits The POWAIR technology allows large capacities of electrical energy to be stored indefinitely, to be transmitted or distributed as and when required. The battery system can be charged directly from the grid, for peak shaving applications, or from renewable energy installations, providing stability to the grid, providing energy for electric vehicles and eliminating the need for fossil fuel powered peaking plants.
PROJECT COORDINATOR C-Tech Innovation, United Kingdom PROJECT PARTNERS DNV KEMA, the Netherlands CEST Kompetenzzentrum fr Elektrochemische Oberflchenstechnologie, Austria University of Southampton USTN, United Kingdom University of Seville FIUS-GTE, Spain Green Power Technologies, Spain E.ON Engineering, United Kingdom Fumatech, Germany PROJECT DETAILS European Union Seventh Framework Programme Duration: November 2010 - November 2014
FAST ACTING RESOURCES FOR REGULATION

This project determined the operational benets of increased penetration of fast acting resources in regulation markets. As a result, new market designs benecial to the development of storage assets were formed.
FERC Order 755 required Independent System Operators (ISOs) and Regional Transmission Owners (RTOs) that operate markets to change the way they compensate assets that provide regulation. Storage devices such as batteries and flywheels can respond faster than conventional fossil fuel plants to Automatic Generation Control signals sent by ISOs and RTOs to keep their grids stable on a second by second basis. The result is that fast acting resources do more work in regulation markets yet were only paid for the amount of capacity and net energy they provided. FERC Order 755 required ISOs and RTOs to include the amount of work a resource did in providing regulation in the method they used to compensate regulation assets. project Our renewable energy market integration Tool Kermit was used to examine the benefits an ISO or RTO would observe as the penetration of fast acting resources providing regulation increased. The operational benefits observed were reduced regulation capacity needed for a given day which led to a new design for PJMs regulation market that included a benefits factor for fast acting resources.
CLIENT PJM, United States PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, United States PROJECT DETAILS Duration: 6 months
Electric Vehicles
OBJECTIVES The basic idea is to make electric vehicles available to users from inner city and rural areas according to the special requirements of city and traffic planning and the topography. Consequently, the vehicles should be made available at the interface between public and private transport. Ensuring the multiple usage of the vehicles demands new and innovative concepts that must be explored and developed within the context of the ENMOVER project. Particular importance in the project is placed on connecting the already established systems on the market, including public transport systems with their access and payment systems as well as future electric mobility concepts.
SCOPE The Energy and Mobility in Alliance project is being planned by the companies ENSO and DREWAG. The core work within the project, including support, development and consulting services, has been divided by DREWAG and ENSO into six work packages containing the respective subtasks. These work packages correspond to the particularities of aligning mobility and energy, with special attention placed on the design concept, assistance in the realisation and market analysis, as well as support for business model development. The services to be provided by DNV KEMA refer to the respective work packages and their subdivisions: WP 1 Basic concept (inventory and coordination) WP 1.2 Multiple usage scenarious for the deployment in commuter traffic WP 1.3 Usage concepts for local business and tourism traffic WP 3 Provision of fleet vehicles to support multiple usage WP 4 Provision of energy and infrastructure products (market analysis)
DeVeLoPment AnD Design of E-moBiLity ProDUcts

With the common goal of showcasing electric mobility, Saxony and Bavaria wish to make a signicant contribution toward achieving the goals of Germanys National Platform of Electromobility for the development of leading providers and the market in Germany.
Due to their significance for the auto industry, both German federal states and several companies have a vital interest in ensuring that the goals of the National Platform of Electromobility are achieved. DREWAG Stadtwerke Dresden and ENSO NETZ also want to increase the appeal of electric mobility to a user group that is difficult to tap into: urban and rural regions, commuters, local business and freight traffic. At the same time they want to contribute to the success of the nationwide introduction of electric mobility in Germany. With the ENMOVER project, the conceptual design and realisation of the main objective will be pursued in the areas of: Urban mobility > electric mobility in densely settled areas Rural mobility > coverage of the mobility demand in rural regions
In this respect, the systems especially require a new conceptual design and adjustment. These changes will particularly occur at the system interfaces, within the business processes and also within the IT-supported processes. Preparation for the realisation occurs through exploration and development. BeneFits The conceptual design and development of these new mobility products are expected to offer customers the following benefits: Exploration of the new usage scenarios with electric vehicles, charging stations and systems in combination with established systems Development of new business models and products with the coordinated connection of energy and mobility A plan for the improved usage of the capital assets
CLIENT DREWAG - Stadtwerke Dresden, ENSO NETZ PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, Germany PROJECT DETAILS January 2013 - December 2015
on the operation of all three levels of the electricity network whilst providing both challenges and opportunities in the field of energy trading. In this situation, none of the existing tools are currently capable of assessing the impact of electric vehicles on the electricity network and market in its entirety. In the real world, both fields react to each other: markets change due to technological advances, while technology changes in order to fulfil market needs. The aim of the NEMO project is to build a simulation framework that can provide the synergy of grid and market analysis. On the one hand, a framework between the three existing models will be built in order to facilitate collaborative analysis. On the other hand, future versions of the three participants models will be developed specifically to fit into this new framework.
griD imPAct Assessment of ELectric VeHicLes

The widespread introduction of electric vehicles is expected to have a profound impact on the operation of all levels of the electricity network, whilst providing both challenges and opportunities in the eld of energy trading.
The introduction of electric vehicles causes strong growth in electricity demand. With charging spots and stations being installed and connected to the existing grid, the electricity for these electric vehicles has to be generated and transported by the existing electricity infrastructure. Where this is not possible, high investments are needed. It is therefore important to study the impact on the power grid and evaluate possible solutions like demand response. As the implementation of electric vehicles is just in the starting phase, several parameters (like the number of electric vehicles on the road or the type of charging stations) are uncertain and the final impact on the grid is thus still unknown. Models are therefore needed to study the impact in the longer term, when many electric vehicles will be on the road.
PROJECT The NEMO project aims at developing a simulation and optimisation tool suite on the impact of a high volume of electric vehicles on the power grid. The tool suite is based on existing simulation tools of three of the consortium partners (DNV KEMA, Fraunhofer ISE, EMD). These three tools will be further extended for grid impact of electric vehicles and a framework developed to integrate these tools in a cooperative suite for impact studies on all grid voltage levels (low-, medium- and high-voltage) and local, regional, national and European scale. OBjectives The consortium members possess unique modelling capabilities to evaluate the grid impact of electric vehicles, spanning the entire electricity grid from low to high voltage. The points of view of these capabilities are different; some models are market-oriented while others mainly focus on finding solutions to technical problems in the electricity infrastructure. The widespread introduction of electric vehicles is expected to have a profound impact
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS Fraunhofer ISE, Germany EMD International, Denmark Ringkbing-Skjern Forsyning, Denmark Ringkbing Fjernvarmevrk, Denmark PROJECT DETAILS Agentschap NL and other national agencies Duration: May 2012 - April 2015
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AUtomotiVe BAttery recycLing AnD seconD Life

All along the electric vehicle battery value chain, various scientic, technological, economic or environmental problems need to be addressed in a dedicated project to ensure good management of the batteries at the end of their optimal life cycle.
The development of electrical vehicles (EV) has become a key challenge in the worldwide automotive industry. The most important technological breakthrough should come from the development of new generation of batteries. project While a new generation of batteries is emerging, ABattReLife consortium proposes to gather automotive industry players along with strong academic institutions to assess the technological barriers for a better battery lifecycle as well as the most appropriate technologies to ensure re-use of the batteries at the end of the optimal lifecycle. objectives The main objective of the project is the development and implementation of a knowledge base on high-voltage traction battery deterioration; a safe management structure for EV battery recycling; strategies and technologies for battery re-use and recycling. ABattReLife gathers stakeholders from France, Germany and the Netherlands to: develop a technology for optimised materials recupera tion from battery waste create a new management structure for re-using and recycling electric vehicles set boundary conditions for the use of batteries in the first stage of the lifecycle (trade-off between the efficiency and lifetime of battery packs) After an analysis of battery behaviour and degradation phenomena, the consortium will assess in parallel the options to use electric vehicle batteries in second life applications and the recycling technologies solutions at the end of the batterys life. BeneFits The project should therefore allow: Academics to transfer their knowledge to industry Industry to develop a non-existing value chain Users to get more information on battery behaviour Policy-makers to develop public policies to promote the penetration of electric vehicles in the market
PROJECT COORDINATOR Peugeot Citron Automobiles, France PROJECT PARTNERS Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Germany Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), the Netherlands DNV KEMA, the Netherlands Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Frderung der angewandten Forschung, Germany Ple Vhicule du Futur, France Bayern Innovativ, Germany Technische Universitt Mnchen, Germany Technische Universitt Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany Universit de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, France Universit de Technologie de Troyes, France PROJECT DETAILS European Union, seventh Framework Programme
The proposed EASYBAT battery pack integration solution addresses the limitations and challenges thanks to innovations that will outperform state-of-the-art electric vehicle batteries, as well as state-of-the-art interoperability between the battery system modules and the vehicle on-board-systems. The derived scope of work will adddress the following topics: Battery location Battery supporting systems integration and interfaces Standards Cost Safety Long trips and range extension
It will also offer generic interfaces contributing to interoperability between existing and future battery packs and the hosting of electric vehicles. The developed integration models, mechanisms and interfaces will be integrated and tested on full-scale electric vehicles. While the sub-systems are integrated and validated in a laboratory test environment, the prototype tests will be conducted under realistic operating conditions. In this environment, functionality tests will assess the feasible solution and implementation.
PROJECT COORDINATOR Better Place, Israel
EAsy BAttery eXcHAnGe in eLectric VeHicLes eAsyBAt

Today, electric vehicle batteries store energy that allows for a certain, lesser range compared to combustion engines, where the time for "refuelling" is at stake. New exchangeable battery packs aim to make electric vehicles more convenient for daily use.
All-electric vehicles can avoid any oil consumption but require interfaces to be developed between the battery and the on-board system, as well as between in-vehicle systems and external infrastructure. New battery packs aim to make electric vehicles more convenient capable for daily use. The project EASYBAT (easy and safe battery integration and exchange in electric vehicles) focuses its efforts on the integration of batteries in all-electric vehicles. OBJECTIVES The overall objective of the EASYBAT project is to develop integration models, mechanisms and generic interfaces for smooth battery pack integration in electric vehicles. These integration models enable quick switching of batteries and are built around parameters such as safety, weight, battery geometry and location in the vehicle. Economic and environmental aspects are also taken into account. BeneFits Addressing the challenges, the project intends to provide a scalable solution for the smart integration of batteries in electric vehicles. EASYBAT will provide the electric vehicle market stakeholders with integration models and mechanisms applicable to different types of batteries.
PROJECT PARTNERS Renault, France Rheinisch-Westflische Technische Hochschule, Germany DNV KEMA, the Netherlands Fraunhofer IPA, Germany Danish Technological Institute, Denmark Technische Universitt Mnchen, Germany TV Rheinland Kraftfahrt, Germany University of Haifa, Israel Continental, Germany Ernst & Young, Israel PROJECT DETAILS European Union Seventh Framework Programme Duration: January 2011 - July 2013
Grids
Super
EXPANSION HP LABorAtory to fAciLitAte sUPer griDs

DNV KEMA will invest approximately EUR 70 million in the expansion of its High Power Laboratory in Arnhem, the Netherlands. With the expansion, we create a laboratory in the extreme testing segment for the upcoming market for super grids: bulk energy transport at 800 kV+ levels.
The global demand for electricity will rapidly increase over the next decades. According to independent studies, this growth will translate into a strong increase in investments in the global electricity transmission and distribution (T&D) infrastructure. CAPACITY INCREASE Under the expansion programme, DNV KEMA will increase the number of short-circuit generators from four to six, and extend the available testing space. As a result, the testing capacity will be technologically and physically expanded. The latest technology requires different ways of testing. Components like high-power transformers require very high-power ratings that can only be tested using six shortcircuit generators, with an equivalent of 15 GW testing power. This equals about two-thirds of the installed capacity in the Netherlands, a country with 16 million inhabitants. DNV KEMAs High-Power Laboratory is already the worlds largest short-circuit testing lab for T&D networks. It offers testing at power levels that no other laboratory can reach. With the distances of T&D networks strongly increasing, equipment manufacturers are looking to deploy networks that run at voltages of 800 kV and above. To ensure safety and reliability of the energy infrastructure, equipment manufacturers need to be able to test components at these extreme power levels. In addition, we will have further testing slots available to meet the high demand from manufacturers and utilities. Once the expansion is finished in 2015, DNV KEMAs High-Power Laboratory will be capable of extreme highpower short-circuit testing at 800 kV levels and above. This will give DNV KEMA a solid platform to grow in an unpopulated market where the entrance barriers are very high.
Testing of eXtrA/ULtrA-HigHVoLtAge circUit-BreAkers

Ultra-high-voltage alternate current (UHVAC) transmission systems, with voltages of 800 kV and above are transporting energy generated in large hydropower plants to load centres across very large distances. Circuit-breakers have to isolate faulty sections of such systems.
UHVAC transmis-sion systems are now being developed in several parts of the world like China and India. Switching equipment for UHV systems needs to be type tested under standardised conditions of fault current and transient recovery voltage. Given the very large fault current and voltage levels, special circuits have to be designed and implemented for adequate testing. As a significant spin-off, testing of 800 kV equipment as used in many parts of the world becomes very efficient and reliable. As switchgear at this voltage level is mainly metal-enclosed, the correct dielectric stresses have to be applied between the internal, live parts and their enclosure on earth potential. project Development of facilities and methods to conduct type tests of complete UHV circuit-breakers while the device remains at ground potential. This has significant technical and logistic advantages above test methods in which the complete circuit-breaker has to be isolated to high voltage. In order to achieve this, a second synthetic voltage source in a separate building has been developed and tested. This voltage source superimposes a second stage of transient voltage on the already existing voltage sources. objectives Taking the worlds lead in testing AC switching equipment of 800 kV and above by demonstrating a full-pole UHV circuit-breaker short circuit test and completing several projects at 800 kV voltage level with various commercial partners. Key results Facilities and methods have been developed and verified for testing circuit-breakers and related apparatus for such systems. In a demonstration project, short-circuit current and transient recovery voltage requirements in a 1200 kV system were met. Short-circuit current was 50 kA, transient recovery voltage peak was 2050 kV. Several projects at 800 kV level, including testing under out-of-phase condition, have been completed.
CLIENT Various PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS Various
recommenDeD PrActice for HVDC

Offshore HVDC transmission technologies enable a faster, more efcient and more reliable deployment of offshore HVDC transmission systems for connection of wind farms, oil and gas platforms, and multiterminal interconnectors.
With the projected developments of large and remote offshore wind farms, the electrification of offshore oil and gas fields, and the prospects of a future offshore grid, demand for offshore HVDC transmission is likely to increase significantly in the coming years. Installations far from shore and in harsh marine environments will require high focus on reliability, availability and maintainability. Among the major concerns for offshore HVDC transmission are the lack of operational experience and the interoperability challenges that arise when deploying technology from multiple manufacturers. project DNV KEMA in cooperation with STRI intends to publish a Recommended Practice (RP) for qualification of offshore High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technologies. Manufacturers, developers and operators of offshore HVDC transmission are invited to participate in a Joint Industry Project (JIP) for the preparation of the RP. BeneFits A recommended practics will allow a faster, more efficient and more reliable deployment for connection of offshore wind farms, oil and gas installations, multi terminal interconnectors as well as paving the way for a future HVDC grid. The RP will build on the existing DNV RP-A203 Qualification Procedure for new technologies. The RP for qualification of offshore HVDC transmission technologies shall provide a coherent procedure for how the technical risk picture can be addressed. This shall be done through a systematic qualification process to provide the evidence that the technologies will function within specific limits with an acceptable level of confidence. OBJECTIVES The preliminary scope of the JIP is as follows: Activity 1 > Develop a Technology Qualification procedure for offshore HVDC transmission technologies Activity 2 > Qualification examples Activity 3 > Hearing processes and publication Activity 1 will develop and tailor all steps in the general Technology Qualification described DNV-RP-A203 to offshore HVDC transmission technologies. The objective of Activity 2 is to test the procedure on a radial HVDC connection, a series connection with three converters, and a meshed system. Both internal and external hearing processes will be held in activity 3 to get the RP aligned with industry needs.
PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, Norway PROJECT PARTNER STRI, manufacturers, developers and operators of offshore HVDC transmission systems PROJECT DETAILS Joint Industry Project Duration: 2012 - 2014
Source: ABB
apply this ultra-high-voltage direct current transmission technology for long distance bulk power. Two such projects have been completed in about three years and two more should be completed in the next years. After working as a consultant for the first two HVDC projects, 800 kV, 5000 MW Yun-Guang and 800 kV, 6400 MW Xiangjiaba-Shanghai, we are working on the third and fourth HVDC projects: 800 kV, 7200 MW Jinping-Sunan for SGCC and 800 kV, 5000 MW Nuozhadu-Guangdong for China Southern Power Grid. Jin-Su is the most complex HVDC project so far in terms of the number of different main primary-equipment suppliers involved. It also has the highest voltage and power rating combinations. Jin-Su is particularly unusual because for the first time, the Chinese manufacturers are the main contractors and the European suppliers are the subcontractors for key primary equipment: 800kV thyristor valves and converter transformers. project Our work mainly includes design reviews and witnessing type tests of two types of crucial equipment: thyristor valves and converter transformers. Regarding the thyristor valves, four different manufacturers with four different designs will be used. We will evaluate each of these four designs. For the converter transformers, our work concerns 21 units of HVDC converter transformers from different design and manufacturing locations. The involvement of several suppliers means that we not only have to assess the quality of the designs individually, but also consider product interoperability. The quality of
such a transmission project will largely be determined by the most vulnerable, yet at the same time, most indispensible equipment. OBJECTIVEs The quality assurance effort is intended to support the project owner in obtaining the best achievable equipment quality with the best achievable delivery time. This means, on the one hand, supervising manufacturers, making sure all specified technical parameters are met, and on the other hand, advising the project owner of optimum technical requirements and acceptance criteria for required equipment quality and delivery time. In addition, we provide technical support where needed and assumes the role of gatekeeper for the project owner. BENEFITS Established transformer and thyristor valve manufacturers are constantly pushing the boundaries of what is technically possible. Independent supervision of the manufactu-ring processes, therefore, requires a corresponding level of expertise and thorough understanding of the Chinese transmission system operators HVDC issues throughout the long history of cooperation.
QUALity AssUrAnce for ULTRA HVDC PRIMAry eQUiPment

China is rapidly laying thousands of kilometers of HVDC transmission lines to bring power from renewable and coal power plants in the countrys interior to consumers in the booming coastal cities.
After 12 years supporting Chinas transmission system operators by assessing the quality of primary equipment from both European and Chinese manufacturers, DNV KEMA will now play an expanded role in two HVDC transmission projects between hydro resources and industrial loads. The new Jinping-Sunan 800 kV, 7200 MW HVDC transmission project (Jin-Su), with a length of about 2100 km, under construction by State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC), will be the third 800 kV HVDC link in China. So far, China is the only country in the world to successfully
CLIENT State Grid Corporation of China PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT DETAILS Duration: September 2011 - March 2013
Advanced Modelling
and
Tools
GASBOARD, A SerioUs gAme on oUr gAs infrAstrUctUre

Gasboard is a tool for the gas industry to study the interaction between producers, consumers and grid operators in a world where natural gas is becoming scarce and being replaced by new gases with a different composition, such as LNG, SNG and biogas.
We are curious. We are competitive. We tend to remember better and reflect more on what we do and experience compared to what we read. This makes serious gaming a great instrument for knowledge transfer and extraction. project Aimed with this insight, we have constructed a serious game on tomorrows gas infrastructure on behalf of the Dutch gas transmission operator Gasunie. Set in a world where fossil gas is gradually being replaced by decentrally produced (bio)gas, the game helps identify, analyse and validate the behaviour and strategies used by stakeholders of the new gas grid. The turn-based game is played on a large game board with a fixed hexagonal grid and is constructed in such a way that all players have strong incentives to move away from fossil natural gas towards biogas. However, there are many pathways leading in that direction. In the game, the players can (jointly) invest in production and consumption capacity, gas quality conversion options and (micro-)grids. Together they explore which parties are leading in the transition to a new gas value chain, where adjustments in the infrastructure are taking place and which motives drive these changes. BeneFits The game has shown that stakeholders have difficulties talking to stakeholders with whom they conventionally have no business. This carries the risk that the full potential of new gases is not achieved in the fragmented value chain. Also, (industrial) consumers did not value the reliability and experience of the conventional (fossil gas) stakeholders in the market. Since the existing gas infrastructure is known for its stability and reliability, people tend to blindly trust its performance without seeing its economic value. There is a great potential for stakeholders in the current gas sector to create awareness about the value of their services. The scenario and game play can easily be adjusted to fit the purpose of the game, making Gasboard a versatile research, educational and marketing communication tool for policy makers, companies and educational institutions. Gasboard is currently being converted into a web-based computer game.
CLIENT Gasunie, the Netherlands PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT PARTNERS Gasunie, the Netherlands Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, the Netherlands GasTerra, the Netherlands Hanzehogeschool Groningen, the Netherlands PROJECT DETAILS EDGaR Research Project Innovative smart grid solutions for the new gas grid
AGent-BAseD moDeLing for gAs mArket AnD BUsiness

DNV KEMA has developed an agent-based model, initially focusing on shippers decision making processes regarding gas transport capacity reservations. The most recent developments integrate this functionality with a more detailed gas market modeling.
Agent-based models are powerful simulation tools for assessing complex systems, such as the gas industry and gas markets. This type of models is populated with a group of autonomous institutions/actors, called agents, each having a certain role and behavior. Agent-based models can cope with complex socio-technical systems and also address interactions between agents. This way, simultaneous operations and interactions of multiple agents are simulated to re-create and predict complex and emergent phenomena in gas markets and within the industry and study their effects on the system as a whole. project The simulation model developed by DNV KEMA is a tool used to understand the combined behavior of the various agents functioning along the gas value chain. Upstream producers, midstream shippers, transport and storage companies, and downstream market segments were modeled as agents with predetermined type of behavior. A selection of agents are able to learn from previous actions, leading to revised decision-making and increased economic effectiveness. Shipper behavior in a dynamic liberalized gas market is driven by trading, contractual obligations, and system requirements. The innovative model extensions introducing gas storage possibilities, interconnected multiple gas trade regions and gas trade auctions create the possibility to analyse the interactions between developments in the gas market (commodity) and in the transmission sector (capacity). objectives Liberalisation has made the gas industry and gas markets more complex and more dynamic. As a result, models need to provide a clear picture of the complex processes involved in this dynamic environment. In order to serve shippers and gas markets, as envisaged by European legislation, it is necessary to acquire in-depth knowledge about the interactions and dynamics of these agents. beneFits Gaining in-depth knowledge of liberalized gas markets is required so that transport system operators and others may optimize gas industry services and their investments. Use of agent-based models contributes to this understanding.
CLIENT Gasunie - Gasunie Transport Services, the Netherlands PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT DETAILS Duration: December 2009 - ongoing
smArt PoWer generAtion Benefits

To investigate the impacts of variable renewable energy production, thermal plant retirements, environmental restrictions, new technology uncertainty and changing power ows, DNV KEMA quantied Smart Power Generation (SPG) benets to future resource portfolios.
project We simulated various combinations of SPG in 2020 California (CAISO) electricity market impacts in day ahead and real-time energy and ancillary service markets, based upon forecasted load, network capabilities and resources to meet load. In the base case simulations (no SPG) CAISO members will experience shortfalls in ancillary service requirements. In other scenarios when Smart Power Generation supplants or complements the 5.5 GW of traditional gas turbine re-powered capacity expected in 2020, these shortfalls are met by faster ramping SPG technology and more efficient starting/stopping capability. As Smart Power Generation attends to ramping events, other assets such as Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (GTCC) capacity operate in a more uniform fashion; reducing costs of response to ramp events, minimising the number of costly starts, and optimising fuel consumption across the entire fleet of gas-fired assets (GTs, GTCCs, and other gas-fired boilers). Smart Power Generation provides an important piece of the fleet optimisation puzzle and can reduce costs substantially. beneFits Our results show that 5.5 GW of Smart Power Generation capacity (approximately 7 percent of the capacity for CAISO in 2020) can: Reduce overall variable system costs by 3.9 to 14 percent (290 million to 1.2 billion dollars) Reduce CO2 emissions Reduce water consumption per year We performed additional real time simulations (5 minute time scale) for select days in 2020. Results show that on high load days or on days with highly variable wind and solar power production, the addition of Smart Power Generation to the capacity mix can reduce daily operational costs (for energy production) up to 38 percent. We also examined resource adequacy by measuring Deliverability @ Risk, expanding resource uncertainties measured under forced outage rates to include forecast error, starting failure, and ramping deviations. Deliverability @ Risk incorporates these uncertainties and measures the incremental capacity required to meet load obligations for one day in ten years. We find that less Smart Power Generation capacity is required under each scenario run (with lower forced outage rates and higher startup reliability than similar combustion turbines).
CLIENT Wartsila, North America PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, United States PROJECT DETAILS Duration: March 2012 - December 2012
PoWer PLAnt Asset PerformAnce oPtimizAtion

DNV KEMA is developing a tool that enables power plant owners to maximise earnings by optimising thermal performance, operation & maintenance strategies and asset management at acceptable risk. This tool combines PAS-55 methodologies with our expertise on power generation.
Owners and operators of conventional power plants are facing major difficulties in selling their power in particularly European electricity markets that have developed a considerable share of renewable power. Average power prices have declined significantly and peak power prices show a similar trend. Marginal power generation costs are higher than the market price in an increasing part of the year, weakening the position of conventional power generation assets. Many owners and operators of these plants are currently looking for a way to increase the competitiveness of their asset and stay in business. Outside Europe, the efficiency and longevity of production assets is also increasingly being given more prominence as fossil resources are being conserved for future generations and carbon dioxide emissions are being minimised. To deliver this, we are helping our clients to optimise plant energy consumption and plant efficiencies by upgrading technologies and re-aligning plant portfolios to achieve least cost economic dispatch. project The Asset Performance Optimisation Tool project aims at developing a standardised methodology that can be applied at any conventional power generation plant to improve its competitiveness in the market. The methodology will focus on four key aspects for improving this competitiveness. A plant owner will obtain an unequivocal gap analysis of actual plant performance on: Thermal performance Operating strategy Maintenance strategy Asset management Based on a thorough assessment of existing plant performance and remaining lifetime of the plant, a distinct Performance Improvement Plan will be defined that will include all measures required to maximise the Net Present Value of the power producing asset without increasing risk or endangering compliance with regulations. After submitting this plan, we can also assist as an owners representative with the implementation and perform a Post Implementation Review/Assessment. BeneFits We can offer the whole package of services needed to maximise power plant earnings at equal risk. We combine techno-economic skills with process management skills. By smart combination of these skills and PAS-55 methodology into the Asset Performance Tool, we will be able to assess existing plant performance and optimum plant performance in the fastest and cheapest possible way.
CLIENT Multiple industrial technology vendors PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands
project We developed the Health Index methodology to present results as clearly as possible, enabling the user to interpret the results in the blink of an eye. A simple colour scheme has been selected to present the results, which indicate whether replacement or additional maintenance attention is required. A set of statistical, degradation and condition functions have been developed for each asset type indicating the assets remnant life. Specific client-related transfer functions transfer the available data into the required data for the condition functions. If data are not available, the transfer functions are designed to estimate the required data, using physical and statistical models. To show the level of uncertainty, the Health Index uses colour intensity codes. These show the results of Monte Carlo simulations, which estimate uncertainty and include sensitivity analysis.
substation, the Health Index estimated the remnant life of the MV switchgear, the MV/LV oil-filled transformer and the LV cabinet (the Health Index was established for each station). The Monte Carlo simulations show the reliability of the assessment and a sensitivity analysis. The results have been analysed against causes of degradation. Regional effects have also been analysed, showing the replacement requirements per region. BENEFITS Perfectly match decision support, matching the companys specific requirements and circumstances Model for maintenance and replacement prioritisation based on estimated risks Long-term replacement schedule Transparency of asset-related decision-making to higher management by presenting results in a general risk- based framework, using well-known reporting methods from risk-based management approaches Insight into asset health and risks, including replace ment timing and additional maintenance requirements Better knowledge of asset performance Full alignment with PAS 55 risk-based asset management systems
HEALTH INDEX: MANAGING AGEING NETWORK ASSETS

When do you replace an asset? How do you manage hundreds of thousands of assets? The DNV KEMA Health Index is developed to do help with both of these issues, giving a clear view of replacement time and the need for additional maintenance, based on technical properties and probability of failure.
Network owners are presently facing many challenges in managing grids; increasing stakeholder demands relating to safety, reliability, environment and cost, while at the same time, the assets are ageing. Ageing increases the risk of failure, decreasing the grids reliability and safety. Estimating the expected failure time of assets becomes more relevant every day and it is becoming more and more critical for network owners to have an optimum replacement/maintenance program. For that reason, DNV KEMA developed the Health Index system, enabling asset managers to oversee the health of all installed assets, recognising the required additional maintenance or replacements per location, plotted in time.
Example output colour scheme of the DNV KEMA Health Index
CLIENT Stedin, the Netherlands PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, the Netherlands PROJECT DETAILS Duration: 12 months
objectiveS This was a joint project in collaboration with one of the largest Dutch Distribution System Operators, Stedin, which serves approximately 2 million clients in densely populated and industrial areas. As a pilot project, the Health Index was deployed and used for 2111 distribution substations. For each individual
DistriBUtion AUtomAtion feeDer seLection tooL

Most utilities have a relatively limited budget for infrastructure investments. A strong business case is necessary to justify such nancing from Public Utilities Commissions (PUC), or private investors. This is accomplished by identifying key investment areas.
background The Arizona Public Services Company (APS) is the largest utility in Arizona, USA. Their territory covers 11 counties and serves over 1 million customers. Hundreds of primary feeders spanning roughly 12,000 miles are required to cover this territory. Due to the size of the system and the amount of distribution automation options available it can be difficult to determine what project options are the best, where they should go and to what scale. project In this case, DNV KEMA created a custom model to assist APS in identifying the feeders with the highest return on investments for specific project types. We have worked closely with APS to aggregate the technical data necessary to represent their system on a feeder basis. The project team concurrently consulted internally with various DNV KEMA subject matter experts in the fields of asset management, reliability, and renewable energy to devise algorithms for specific project areas. These project types included the integration of switched and fixed capacitors, efficient transformers, voltage regulators, fault current indicators, reclosers, conservation voltage reduction (CVR) programs, and renewable energy sites. A number of financial and technical variables gathered either from industry standards or agreed upon with the client were used in the calculations. The most interesting facet of this project is how all the results are aggregated to show a system-wide view at a glance through diminishing returns curves, cash flow charts, net present value histograms, system summary tables, and an ordered feeder list. The aesthetic appeal of this model allows the user to succinctly analyse custom scenarios and compare them quickly. OBJECTIVE The main purpose was for this model to be flexible enough for APS to update the data intuitively and simple enough to be taught internally within a short period of time, yet accurate enough to yield realistic estimates and highlight. The transparency of the algorithms and variables used internally enables the user to easily update the model as the financial climate fluctuates, and technology improves.
CLIENT Arizona Pubic Service Company, United States PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, United States PROJECT DETAILS Duration: January 2012 - October 2012
Testing, Inspections Certification

and
sWitcHgeAr PerformAnce Assessment DUring tests

Developers of high-voltage equipment are not just interested in passing a test, but often need to collect data on the actual performance of the device. Special measurement systems, recording relevant characteristics during the interruption process, supply such data.
In high-voltage SF6 circuit-breakers, thermal processes around current zero play a major role in the interruption process. Relevant data, such as arc voltage development, arc conductivity and post-arc current assist the developer in increasing performance of thermal interruption capability. In vacuum circuit-breakers, the tiny electron field emission current after capacitive current interruption can give insight into dielectrical limits that such a breaker may face during the interruption process. project We designed, constructed and tested dedicated measurement systems with the necessary bandwidth, sensitivity and resolution. We also developed knowledge rules for performance assessment based on relevant data. BeneFits Supplying information on crucial processes during the performance of circuit-breakers to clients will benefit the development of products and supplies input parameters to models used in the design phase. Development of next generation equipment can thus be speeded up. key results Measurement systems are developed and demonstrated with unprecedented bandwidth, sensitivity and resolution. A database is set up of a number of key parameters obtained from a large variety of high-power tests in cooperation with a number of clients.
PressUre reLief tests for PoLymer-HoUseD VAristors

Safety and service continuity is of prime importance; the failure of an arrester must not cause safety hazards for substation workers or damage to other platform equipment. Recent tests on arresters have been carried out with successful results.
Hydro-Quebec is reinforcing and upgrading its 800 kV transmission system by adding two new 800 kV series capacitor banks in Jacques-Cartier substation, near Quebec City. This substation is a major 735 kV - 315 kV substation within the Hydro-Quebecs transmission network. The series capacitor banks will first be built for the initial needs, but with built-in provisions for future expansion. The banks future expanded state has the highest MVAR rating for single segment banks of all of the existing series-compensation banks in use within the HydroQuebec 800 kV system. This means significantly higher capacitor discharge fault current and stored energy values than previously tested for earlier Hydro-Quebec series compensation projects. project Safety and service continuity is of prime importance; the failure of an arrester must not cause safety hazards for substation workers or damage to other platform equipment. Essentially, the consequences of such arrester fault must be minimised and limited to the time needed to remove the faulty arrester. BeneFits Recent pressure-relief tests of polymer-housed arresters for use on series capacitor bank varistors have been carried out with successful results. The increased MVAR rating within a single segment platform does significantly increase the prospective capacitor fault current discharge and energy, to values beyond what has been previously tested for Hydro-Quebec series capacitor compensation installations. However, tests performed showed that the proposed arresters were fully adequate to withstanding these increased thermal and mechanical stresses. Tests have also shown that the capacitor discharge current and frequency can induce significant currents and voltages in laboratory control, protection and wiring systems measurement. Care regarding the test set-up, measurement and control techniques must be taken to avoid or to minimise the induced currents and voltages.
Image Hydro-Quebec or substation?
PROJECT PARTNERS Alstom Grid, Canada Siemens, Germany DNV KEMA Powertest, United States Hydro-Qubec, Canada
THREE-PHAse syntHetic testing of HV circUit-BreAkers

HV circuit-breakers are protecting power systems against consequences of short-circuits. Since these devices always operate in three-phase systems, testing should be in accordance with realistic three-phase stresses.
In high-voltage switchgear, having all three phases in a common enclosure there exists a complicated electrical, gas dynamical and mechanical interaction between the phases. Testing of such devices should take into account this interaction. Electrically, in effectively earthed networks, there exists a certain independency regarding current interruption between the phases that results in a particular stress for each of the individual phases. PROJECT We designed test circuit and test methods that takes into account proper arc duration and transient recovery voltage for each of the three phases involved in short-circuit interruption. This can only be achieved after realisation of three independent synthetic sources (voltage up to 700 kV) providing injection current just prior to interruption and transient recovery voltage thereafter. The three synthetic installations need to be controlled independently and automatic, depending on the arc duration in each phase. objectivES Serving the market for high-voltage switchgear with common enclosure for effectively earthed networks. Up till now, only switchgear designed for non-effectively earthed networks could be tested adequately. KEY RESULTS In a number of projects, three-phase synthetic testing of metal enclosed switchgear designed for effectively earthed systems was realized.
For more information:

BENELUX, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA
Utrechtseweg 310 6812 AR Arnhem The Netherlands (Head Ofce) T +31 26 356 9111 E emea@dnvkema.com www.dnvkema.com
EUROPE
Kurt-Schumacher Strae 8 Bonn D-53113 Germany T +49 228 446 9000 E europe@dnvkema.com www.dnvkema.com
AMERICAS
67, South Bedford Street Suite 201 East Burlington, MA 01803-5108 United States of America T +1 781 273 5700 E americas@dnvkema.com www.dnvkema.com
ASIA PACIFIC
9th Floor, Tower C Ofce Park No. 5 Jinghua South Street Chaoyang District Beijing 100020, China T +86 10 6562 7888 E asia-pacic@dnvkema.com www.dnvkema.com

DNV KEMA - Innovations in Energy 2013

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DNV KEMA - Innovations in Energy 2013

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DNV KEMA SeRvInG THe eneRGY IndUSTRY Innovations in Energy 2013

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PArADise VALLeY A sustainable vision

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ICT FOR ENERGY PositiVe AnD ProActiVe neigHBoUrHooDs

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BencHMARKING TOOL FOR CO2 CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES

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ImProVeD meAsUring system for PerformAnce Assessment

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FLoAting WinD Design stAnDArD

Trude Refsahl, Statoil

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IMProVing WinD tUrBine sUPPort strUctUres

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WinD tUrBines in eXtreme WeAtHer conDitions

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moDeLLing WinD ProJect cost AnD AVAiLABiLity

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METEOROLOGICAL MONITORING WIND FARMS DUring oPerAtion

IMPACT LOW LeVeL Jet on WinD tUrBine LoADs

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ADDressing WinD ProJect PerformAnce

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OffsHore WinD tUrBine certificAtion

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FEAsiBiLity of onsHore AnD offsHore WinD

onsHore AnD offsHore WinD tUrBine testing in koreA

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eLectricAL instALLAtion in WinD tUrBines

PROJECT COORDINATOR DNV KEMA, Denmark

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sUBseA cABLe risks in offsHore WinDfArms

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GRID CONNECTION AnD PoWer Systems for OFFSHORE WIND

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imPAct of reserVes in Longterm trAnsmission PLAnning

WinD tUrBine ADVAnceD ControLLer

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cAPAcity AnD PoWer QUALity testing of PV PoWer PLAnts

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SOLAR TECHNOLOGY ELECTRIC AND THERMAL ENERGY

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Power converter, energy management PV Solar Wind

SUSTAINABLE OFF-griD PoWer StAtion for rUrAL AREAS

Village (power demand)

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NEW FLeXiBLe soLAr ceLL mAnUfActUring tecHnoLogy

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