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The Aspiring Vault

Hunter's Guidebook to
Borderlands 2

Originally authored by /u/Alexander_D, co-authored and edited by /u/ohenry78.

We do not give permission for this to be re-hosted anywhere.
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 Hello again, guys and gals! I'm here with a sort of quick-start guide for Borderlands 2.
It's funny because this started out as a UVHM FAQ, and grew into this! I made a guide on
this game's DLC in the past that went well, and after seeing how this project turned out I
decided to add it to this guide too. If you think something should be here but is not, check
the Useful Links and Resources section at the end. Chances are somebody else has already
written a guide on it, so I’ll just link to it rather than re-writing it all.

CONTENTS:

Glossary of Terms and Acronyms.

Character Selection: A quick'n'dirty guide to each character's play style, key skills, and
common level 61 builds.
Tips for Your First Playthrough, General Gameplay Tips.
True Vault Hunter Mode and Playthrough 2.5.
Ultimate Vault Hunter Mode.
Borderlands 2 Rarity System Explained: Unique, Seraph, Legendary, and Pearlescent
Weapons.
SHiFT Codes & Golden Keys.
Badass Ranks.
A Guide to Farming.
Numbers: Cooldown, Damage Resistance, Elemental Chance.
Melee Weapons for Krieg: A Word of Warning.
Raid Bosses.
Co-op Etiquette: How Not to Be an Asshole.
DLC Guide.
Useful Links and Resources.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ACRONYMS:

Action Skill: The skill that defines the character. Always unique to that character, and
has a cooldown before it can be used again. Cooldown time and Action Skill duration
vary per character and can be affected by certain equipment. Examples: Axton's Sabre
Turret, Maya's Phaselock.
New-U Station: The re-spawn element in the game. They revive you for 7% of your
money, or for free if you have 100 bucks or less. It's worth noting that Gearbox has
confirmed that New-U stations are non-canon. They are a gameplay mechanic only,
despite occasionally being referenced by characters in-game. The mythos of
Borderlands does not include New-U stations.
WEP: Wildlife Exploitation Preserve.
LLM: Legendary Loot Midgets.
COM: Class Optimization Mod, or Class Mod.
DPUH: Double Penetrating variant of the Unkempt Harold.
RNG: Random Number Generation, aka “the computer deciding which weapons drop
from an enemy or appear in a chest”.

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 Respec: Short for re-specification. In BL2, this means using a Customisation Station to
refund all of your skill points and re-assign them. This costs a small fee each time it is
done. It is highly encouraged that you do this fairly regularly if you're unfamiliar with
your character, so as to see as many of their skills as possible.
Build: The arrangement of skill points on your character.
Proc: “Programmed Random Occurrence”, the occurrence of a random or chance-
based event. For example, your fire weapon would be said to “proc” when a shot
ignites an enemy.
Hotfix: A minor patch that is only active when your game is “hot”, i.e. connected to
the Internet.

CHARACTER SELECTION:

I'm not going to focus on more technical character aspects like cooldown times,
damage boosts, what can't be phaselocked etc. -- that's what the links are for. This is more
of a TL;DR of each character. I've not hit level 61 with all characters, so I'm not an expert.
This all comes from nearly 600 threads I've rummaged through, and personal experience. I
won't go in-depth into which skills are "not worth it" as this usually only matters in UVHM,
when you can figure that out yourselves ;)
There are various types of skills in this game. Passive skills include increases to your
maximum health and are always active. Kill skills activate for a short time (7 seconds) after
killing an enemy, and can include bonuses like increased reload speed, shield regeneration
and more. Melee Overrides change what your melee attack does, from knock-back punches
to breathing fire (literally), depending on character. Melee Override skills have a cooldown,
which is explained in Numbers: Cooldown Rate, Damage Resistance, Elemental Effect
Chance. Axton does not have a melee override skill. Each skill tree for each character has a
minor gamechanger (tier 3, in the middle, 1 pointer) and a major gamechanger, also known
as a capstone (tier 6, bottom of tree, 1 pointer). Most character builds can be summarized by
what trees and/or capstones they encompass, e.g. a Guerrilla/Gunpowder Axton build, or
Ruin/Res/Converge Maya build. The links to Gearbox forums for builds were provided by
/u/ContemplativeOctopus. The last two characters in the following list, Gaige and Krieg, do
not come with the normal game and must be purchased as DLC. I highly recommend playing
with at least one (ideally two) of the default characters before playing as either of the DLC
characters, especially Krieg since his playstyle is often far from the norm.

Zer0 is the Assassin Class of BL2. His action skill, Decepti0n, allows him to create a
holographic decoy and turn invisible for a short period. Key skills include B0re and
Death Bl0ss0m. Mainly a sniper/melee character. Sniping is (to be quite honest) a poor
choice in UVHM, so melee is generally the better choice at levels 50+. Check here for
tried-and-tested builds.

Axton is the Commando. His Sabre Turret is a mounted gun that can be massively
upgraded. Notable skills are Scorched Earth and Mag-Lock, which can be seen in action
here. Axton is best with assault rifles and shotguns. If investing in the gunpowder tree,
Torgue weapons are an excellent choice since their gyrojet projectiles benefit from
grenade damage boosts. Check here for tried-and-tested builds.

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 Maya is a Siren.
That article has BL2 spoilers, be careful. Her Action Skill, Phaselock,
locks the target into another dimension which manifests as an “orb” in the game
world. It also allows her to deal elemental damage, converge enemies on a single
point, and more. Her most notable skill in support roles is Res. Chain Reaction is also
notable. Maya benefits from a load out of elemental weapons of various types. Check
here for tried-and-tested builds.

Salvador is the “Gunzerker”. He can wield any two weapons at once, and his skills are
too varied to adequately describe here. The weapon in the right hand gains item card
bonuses from the left, such as critical damage bonuses. Some notable skills are Money
Shot and Keep Firing.... Commonly, a Double Penetrating Unkempt Harold is equipped
with a Slag Rubi for more or less infinite, instant(ish) health regeneration. For this
reason, Sal is the “easiest” to gear up to solo Raid Bosses. Check here for tried-and-
tested builds.

Gaige was the first DLC character. Her Action Skill allows her to deploy her robot,
Deathtrap. He can be upgraded in various ways, such as dealing elemental damage
with his claws, healing your shield, or having a shield all of his own. Gaige's single
most notable skill is Anarchy. It is not required to use Anarchy, but highly advised to at
least try it. I said I wouldn't hate on skills, but for reasons to be explained in
Numbers: Cooldown Rate, Damage Resistance, Elemental Chance, do not invest in
More Pep. Get Myelin instead. Trust me, it'll make sense later. Check here for tried-
and-tested builds.

Krieg is the Psycho class, and the most recent DLC character. His Action Skill, Buzz Axe
Rampage allows him to go bAt-shIT fUCkiNg CRaZy aND HiT pEoPLe sO hARd tHat
THey gO suPErNoVA aNd hE buRsTS iNTo fLaAAaaAaAaaAAAAamEs. I shit you not, it's
fucking awesome. Notable skills include Elemental Empathy and Buzz Axe Bombardier.
He's truly melee-based in most builds, much more so than Zer0; Zero puts out
"bursts" of higher damage, but Krieg's damage output is both more constant and
consistent. To make being a melee character feasible, Krieg is made to be “heavier”
than the other characters so he does not get knocked back as easily while hacking
and slashing. This also means he is not affected as much by geysers and cannot
grenade jump. Check here for tried-and-tested builds.

TIPS FOR YOUR FIRST PLAYTHROUGH, GENERAL GAMEPLAY TIPS:

Solo play is fine. I played my first 150 hours alone. Co-op is nevertheless far superior.
Try to find a friend to play with if you can, or check Useful Links and Resources for
Reddit links to get partners.
If you can, try to move as slowly/little as possible when dialogue is playing. If you
travel to where another piece of audio starts, the first will be cut off and you won't
hear it until the next playthrough.
Every character can use every weapon type. The fact that Zer0 has a sniping tree
doesn't hinder any other character from using sniper rifles.

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 Open everything. Rare loot spawns everywhere, so the more containers you open, the
more rare loot you will get. This includes Legendary Items.
Try to accept and complete all missions in your first playthrough. Further playthroughs
will involve you actually struggling to survive, so it's best to enjoy the dialogue now.
Also, there are a number of areas, such as the Caustic Caverns and Lynchwood, that are
possible to miss altogether if you aren't doing side quests, as these places aren't
visited as part of the main quest.
You're under leveled? Do side quests.
Fire weapons deal bonus damage to fleshy enemies (red health bars), Corrosive
damage is strong against armoured enemies (yellow health bars), and Shock damage
devastates shields (blue bar). Many fleshy or armoured enemies also carry a shield.
Fire and Corrosive damage deal decreased damage to the “wrong” enemy type, such
as fire damage to a robot. Enemies of a specific elemental type, such as Badass Shock
Skags, are innately resistant to that element. Shock-based enemies are the only foes
that resist Shock damage.
Slag weapons apply a slag effect to enemies, turning them purple. Slagged enemies
take increased damage from all sources. By what factor damage is increased depends
on playthrough.
That shiny gun you just found/bought will eventually have to be replaced. Don't get too
attached to things, you got to learn to let go. You can give them to other characters of
yours once each character has completed Claptrap's Secret Stash in Sanctuary.
Ammo is plentiful, especially if you follow the first point. Don't worry about it.
Spend your badass tokens, the bonuses apply to all characters. See Badass Ranks for
info.
Use a Golden Key if your gear is under-leveled, or you just want a boost. They're
plentiful! Check SHiFT Codes & Golden Keys for info.
Normal mode enemies are capped at level 35, with some rare exceptions. If you're
hitting level 38 or 39, it's best to move on to TVHM (see below), as you'll be leveling
up incredibly slowly. Change the playthrough by going to the Main Menu  Select
Character  (Character)  Click on “True Vault Hunter Mode”. Then hit “Continue” on
the Main Menu and you'll start back over in Windshear Waste. You can use this same
process to return to Normal Mode, if desired.

TRUE VAULT HUNTER MODE AND PLAYTHROUGH 2.5:

True Vault Hunter Mode, TVHM, Playthrough 2, PT2. Call it what you want. TVHM is
unlocked when you defeat the final boss on your first playthrough. This is the message you
will see. TVHM involves stronger enemies, new enemy types like Armoured Maniacs, and
increased chances that good-quality loot will drop to compensate for the difficulty. It may be
worth getting used to using slag in TVHM, as the 2x damage bonus from non-slag attacks is
very useful, and makes UVHM less of a shock to your playstyle. If you do not have the level
cap increase (you do if you have the season pass, and you'd surely know if you specifically
bought it), then it is advised to not complete side quests whose quest rewards are of blue-
rarity or higher in TVHM, and instead hold off until Playthrough 2.5.

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 Upon defeating the final boss in TVHM, and reaching level 50, Playthrough 2.5 is
automatically unlocked. It is not an official term, so there is no in-game notification of this.
At this point, any side quests that have not been accepted will scale to level 50, as will their
rewards. This is useful to obtain certain weapons/shields, such as the Rapier or Rubi, at their
most powerful. If you have the level cap increase, this doesn't matter nearly as much since
you can re-farm level 61 versions in UVHM, but I'd still keep certain quests for 50. A list of
Unique Items is in Useful Links and Resources.

ULTIMATE VAULT HUNTER MODE:

UVHM is a third playthrough in this game. It was released as free DLC, and is
unlocked by defeating the final boss during TVHM, but reaching level 50 is not required to
unlock it, contrary to what Gearbox says. Enemies now have far more health (~4x) which
also regenerates over time. Additionally, they take more damage when slagged (3x as
opposed to 2x), and stay slagged for longer. Elemental effects provide larger damage
bonuses when used against the appropriate enemy type, and receive a more potent
reduction in effectiveness when used “improperly”. Loot midgets become LLMs (see Glossary
of Terms and Acronyms). Pearlescent weapons can drop in UVHM only, but are only unlocked
with the level cap increase DLC, so there is no reason to go to UVHM without the level cap
increase other than to farm Seraph Crystals.
Enemies and side quests everywhere scale to your level all the time (though if you've
accepted a side quest, it will stay at the level you accepted it). Enemy scaling means that
there is no such thing as “leveling up to make this next boss easier”. If you level up and then
go and try to fight X boss again, they've leveled up too. I strongly recommend moving on to
UVHM if you hit level 53, even if there are things in TVHM you still want/need to do. Here’s
why: weapons collected in TVHM will not go higher than level 50 even if you do. Because
enemies don't have a fixed level in UVHM, if you hit level 58 (for example) in TVHM by
grinding, you will face LEVEL 60 ENEMIES with your level 50 gear, and you shall lose. You're
better off getting a few key items, moving to UVHM, then farming whatever you want.
UVHM can also be reset. This means to undo all quest progress in the main game and
DLCs for UVHM only; Normal Mode and TVHM are not affected. To do this, go to the
playthrough selection screen mentioned in the last tip for Normal Mode, and highlight UVHM.
There is an option to reset UVHM. Q for PC, Y for Xbox 360, and I assume Triangle for PS3.
The campaign cannot be reset independently from the DLC packs, and vice-versa. What this
means is if you rely on a mission reward as part of your build (e.g. Love Thumper for Krieg)
and you have a level 50 version, but by level 56 you find you're a bit too weak with the ol'
axe, you can get yourself a level 56 version by completing the relevant quest, and at some
later point reset UVHM so you can work towards a level 61 version of that item.

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BORDERLANDS 2 RARITY SYSTEM EXPLAINED:

Rarity is simple for the most part, and is denoted by the colour of the weapon name when
viewing the item card. In order of increasing rarity, we have:

White
Green
Blue
Purple
Magenta (E-tech)
Pink (Seraph)
Orange (Legendary)
Cyan (Pearlescent)

E-tech weapons are guns modified with Eridium (this isn't seen in-game, just backstory)
and generally fire energy-based projectiles, which vary both between weapon types, and
manufacturers within that type. They tend to be very powerful but have increased ammo
consumption to compensate. Plasma Casters seem to be the most popular E-tech weapons.
Seraph weapons are a new tier of rarity introduced with the campaign DLCs. Some
seraph items can only be obtained from certain Raid Bosses called Seraph Guardians (the
details are on the Seraph page linked above), whilst others can be bought from Seraph
vendors using Seraph Crystals as currency. These crystals are only obtainable in UVHM;
Seraph Guardians do not drop Seraph Crystals in Normal Mode or TVHM. Most Seraph items
have some sort of drawback, though most Seraph items were massively buffed with a hotfix
a few months before the time of writing.
Legendary weapons, like all weapons, can drop anywhere. Orange weapons have the
unique “trait” of each having an increased chance to drop from a specific named enemy,
making them farmable. They drop at the level the boss is when fought. The list of Legendary
items and who they can be farmed from is found in the Useful Links and Resources section,
as can a Crowd Sourcing Project for drop rate data.
Pearlescent weapons are unlocked with the “Ultimate vault hunter upgrade pack”, which
increases the level cap to 61 and allows pearlescent weapons to drop. The UVHUP is included
in the Season Pass. These new weapons are farmable from Human Badasses, hence their
(relatively speaking) high drop rates from LLMs. In my opinion, the UVHUP is the most
poorly-named DLC ever. UVHM and the UVHUP are two very different things, which isn't
immediately apparent from their names.
It's worth noting that there is no “normal” when it comes to finding loot. If your question
could be phrased to start with “Am I just having good/bad luck?”, the answer is “Yes.” The
RNG in this game is indeed random, and many players finish TVHM without ever seeing a
single orange. Heck, my Gaige is Level 52 and has never found one. All her gear came from
my other characters that found stuff that would suit her. On the other hand, you can be very
lucky. My Axton found (I think) about 13 legendary items between levels 1 and 37. It's
totally random.
A final point here: Captain Flynt and Doc Mercy's loot tables are bugged in TVHM and
UVHM. They are supposed to drop the Thunderball Fists and Infinity, respectively, and do have
a decent chance of doing so in Normal Mode, but in TVHM and UVHM you have an equal
chance of them dropping one as you do of finding one in a pile of Stalker poop.
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SHiFT CODES & GOLDEN KEYS:
SHiFT codes are codes that Gearbox releases periodically for Borderlands 2. If you
have a SHiFT account (you can sign up here), you can enter these codes in-game in the
Extras section of the Main Menu and unlock Golden Keys or special loot. Golden Keys are
single-use and unlock the Golden Chest in Sanctuary, which yields high-quality purple or E-
tech gear for the most part. You can only redeem codes in-game, and the reservoir of keys
you have is for all characters; one code gives your SHiFT account a key, not each character.
SHiFT codes will remain redeemable for either a certain number of uses or a given length of
time. Codes limited to a number of uses invariably run out quickly, so act fast. Codes that
last a certain amount of time can last days, weeks, or months. The Orcz Tracker can be used
to obtain keys without constantly stalking GB's social networks. The latest codes are also
posted to the top of the front page of /r/borderlands. Do not save your keys for the level cap,
since you'll probably be farming Legendary gear at that stage if you care about gear. Use
them whenever you need a boost, or your gear is a bit sucky. If the SHiFT code that you
enter is for loot, the item will appear in the inventory of the first character that you play as
after entering the code and it will be equal to their current level. Characters loaded after this
will not get that item.

BADASS RANKS:
Badass Ranks replace Weapon Proficiency from Borderlands. Completion of in-game
challenges (which provided XP in Borderlands) provides Badass Ranks in BL2. These Ranks,
at certain milestones, will provide you with Badass Tokens which can be spent on your
characters. You can upgrade things like Elemental Effect Chance, Maximum Health, Shield
Recharge Delay and more, all seen in the above link. Upgrades offer diminishing returns,
with the 100th token boosting a stat by less than the 10th. When you spend a token, 5
randomly chosen traits are listed. Those you choose less frequently show up more often, to
even your spread of stat boosts. These bonuses apply to all of your characters, past, present
and future.

A GUIDE TO FARMING:
Farming is simply the act of repeatedly killing a boss with the hope of obtaining the
Legendary item that they have an increased chance to drop. Almost any item can drop
anywhere in the game, but most bosses have a single item that they can be farmed for. The
list of Legendary items and who they can be farmed from is found in the Useful Links and
Resources section, as can a Crowd Sourcing Project for drop rate data. Most items have a
low chance of dropping, so giving up after 5 kills is rather pointless. A friend of mine has
killed a certain boss over 1,500 times and has yet to see the heads that the FCK-3R drops.
LLMs are a very good source of loot in UVHM. With the quest Doctor's Orders active,
the room in the WEP containing a red Hyperion chest and 4 cardboard boxes (you know the
one, I won't spoil anything) has a massively increased spawn rate of LLMs, so much so that if
you ensure you don't pick up any of the Echoes, four LLMs will spawn every time, allowing
efficient farming. Owning the Natural Selection Annex DLC speeds up this process greatly, as
you start roughly halfway through the WEP instead of the start when you save-quit and
resume the game.
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 Farming quest rewards (unique items received at the end of a quest) is actually much
easier, since the weapon is guaranteed. The issue is getting the specific variant you want,
such as a Slag Evisceration Rubi, or Inflammable Love Thumper (if running non-Hellborn
Krieg). To do this, go to whoever you turn the quest in to, turn in the quest, and STAY at the
screen where it tells you the money, experience, and item you received. You can “inspect”
the item (click the right stick on consoles, F on PC) to check if it is the variant you desire. If it
is, good for you! If not, you have to quit the game in such a way that it doesn't save, so you
can re-turn-in the quest. For PC users, Alt-F4 out of the game. For Xbox 360 users, quit to
dashboard – that is, open your dashboard menu and select “Xbox Home” rather than saving
and quitting. This will exit the game without saving and allow you to re-load and turn in the
quest again. For PS3 I believe you hit the PS button and select “Quit Game”. If on consoles,
and you don't want to risk the quest accidentally saving if you mess up, take your game save
and copy it to a USB key. PC users should just copy saves to somewhere safe, like the
Desktop. Turn in the quest, and if you didn't get the gun you wanted, copy over the save on
the console with the one from the USB key, which is from before you turned it in. You can
also hand the item to a second character (2 controllers needed) and have them save-quit as
normal before replacing the save. This is useful for obtaining multiple variants of a weapon,
notably Shock and Fire Sand Hawks.
If you're up for a bit of glitching, you can try farming the Treasure Room in the Captain
Scarlett (Pirate) DLC. The Treasure Room has a high rate of Legendary drops, which is why
you can legitimately only enter twice. That video has spoilers for the end of the DLC, so don't
watch it until you've completed it. The video also explains it in plenty of detail, so I won't say
any more about it.

NUMBERS: COOLDOWN, DAMAGE RESISTANCE, ELEMENTAL CHANCE:

The aim of this section of the guide is to give a simple explanation of some of the game
mechanics whose effects aren't immediately obvious and are to some people counter-
intuitive.

Cooldown Time is the amount of time that must pass between a character's action skill
ending after being used, and being used again. For example, once Zer0 runs out of time in
Decepti0n, he must wait 15 seconds to use it again. This same concept applies to melee
overrides. Both Axton and Zer0 can reduce their Cooldown Time by ending their action skill
early: Axton can “reclaim” his Sabre Turret with the action key (E/X/Square), and Zer0 can
simply end Decepti0n early by attacking an enemy before the timer runs out. Most skills in
the game affect Cooldown Rate, but some (such as Thoughtlock and Get Some) directly affect
Cooldown Time. Also, Krieg has various masochistic ways of decreasing Cooldown Time that
I won't go into. Cooldown Rate is the part that may not make sense. Why? Well, if your gear
and skills net you a 100% bonus to cooldown rate, you might expect your Action Skill to cool
down immediately after use, and sadly you'd be wrong. The cooldown system works by
requiring a certain amount of “ticks” (a unit of game time) to pass before the action skill is
ready again. By default, each cooldown tick takes 1 second to pass. Increasing the speed
that each tick passes by 50% means that 1.5 ticks go by each second. That may be difficult

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to understand, so here is a formula that represents Cooldown Time (CT) as a function of
Base CT and Cooldown Rate Bonus (CRB):

CT = (Base CT) x (1/(1 + CRB))

This formula has units of seconds for CT. CRB is represented as a decimal, so if you
have a Proficiency Relic that yields a 20% bonus to cooldown rate, CRB = 0.2. What some of
you may have already realised is that this yields diminishing returns, which will be seen
shortly. Take Gaige, whose Action Skill has a default CT of 60 seconds. With a Cooldown
Rate bonus of 50% from skills and relics, we see that:

CT = (60 s) x (1/(1 + 0.5))

CT = (60 s) x (0.6667)
CT = 40 seconds.

So that 50% boost makes quite a large difference of 20 seconds! Let's say we're
geared up in some way that gives us a 100% cooldown boost to Cooldown Rate:

CT = (60 s) x (1/(1 + 1))

CT = (60 s) x (0.5)
CT = 30 seconds.

Now we see diminishing returns. The second 50% (if you will), is “worth” less than
the original 50% we saw above, as this extra 50% only decreases Cooldown Time by 10
seconds, as opposed to 20 seconds. So it's easy to see that focusing on maximising your
Cooldown Rate isn't always a good thing.

As a final, real-world example, I'll refer to my own Siren, Level 61. Phaselock's base
Cooldown Rate is 13 seconds. When designing my build I found that I could rearrange it to
invest 5/5 in Quicken for a 30% boost to Cooldown Rate. I mean, that's very attractive! I use
primarily Shock-based weaponry and a Storm Front grenade mod, so a Shock Bone of the
Ancients relic suited me well. My relic gives a 36% bonus to Cooldown Rate. I also have a
Legendary Siren COM, which gives me another 44% boost. That's a total 80% boost, so CRB =
0.8 without Quicken, and 1.1 with 5/5 in Quicken. So, is the extra 30% from Quicken even
worth the 5 skill points? Let's check the Cooldown Time both without and with Quicken, and
compare the results.

CT = (13 s) x (1/1 + 0.8)

CT = (13 s) x (0.5556)
CT = 7.3 seconds.

CT = (13 s) x (1/1 + 1.1)

CT = (13 s) x (0.4762)
CT = 6.2 seconds

So, it's pretty clear that the extra 30% Cooldown Rate has a very small effect on my
Siren, only a single second! For me, this is not worth the 5 skill points, so I invested them in
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more support-based skills. This is not to say that Quicken is a bad skill, of course. I'm merely
demonstrating that that much investment in increasing my Cooldown Rate yields a result that
is barely noticeable in the midst of a fight. I could of course choose to invest 5 points in
Quicken, and swap my Bone of the Ancients relic or my Legendary COM for an alternative
item.
Damage Resistance is another mysterious beast, but thankfully easy to understand
now that we've covered Cooldown Rate. In some cases DR is incorrectly referred to as
Damage Reduction, as in Salvador's Come At Me Bro skill. Given the nature of the mechanic,
Damage Resistance is the more accurate term. DR acts in exactly the same way as Cooldown
Rate, and its effect on incoming damage can be shown by a modified Cooldown Time
formula:

Damage Taken = (Damage) x (1/(1 + DR))

Like before, DR is expressed as a percentage. Salvador always has 50% (0.5) Damage
Resistance when gunzerking. I don't need to do any calculations to show you that DR boosts
yield diminishing returns, just like Cooldown Rate Boosts. In fact, just check the Come At Me
Bro link above. 300% DR will result in you taking ¼ damage from all sources, i.e. resisting
75% of damage.
Below is a graph to help visualise the diminishing returns you receive on Cooldown
Percentage of Base CT or of Incoming Damage Taken

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Bonus Cooldown Rate or Damage Resistance

Rate and Damage Resistance. Hopefully the y-axis is clear enough!

Elemental Effect Chance bonuses are also disappointingly misleading. If you invest 5
points into Maya's Flicker skill, you get a +30% chance for elemental effects to proc. So, I
have a Vladof pistol with a 10% chance to corrode enemies, 5/5 in Flicker should increase
that to 40%! Once again, this is sadly not the case. You get a 30% increase to the existing
Elemental Effect Chance, increasing it to 13%. So yeah, this is kind of disappointing. That
said, most of the time, you don't just fire one shot, and the Elemental Effect Chance is per
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shot, so these increases can be worth it. Gaige's More Pep, which I mentioned before, comes
in now. That skill, with 5/5 invested in it, will only give a 10% boost to all non-shock
elements, and a 20% boost to shock. It's generally considered a far better use of skill points
to invest in Myelin instead. Flicker doesn't suffer as badly because it gives a 30% boost for all
elements. That said, with a Legendary Mechromancer COM, it may be worth sticking a single
point into More Pep, because one skill point isn't a huge deal.

MELEE WEAPONS FOR KRIEG: A WORD OF WARNING:

This section will be nice and short. See this Gearbox Forums thread for reference.
Basically, even outside of Buzz Axe Rampage, Krieg does more melee damage than other
characters. This means that melee damage boosts from bladed weapons work differently for
him, as when wielding a bladed weapon, he doesn't gain the bonus seen in the graph on that
thread. I don't believe it came from that exact thread but it was discovered shortly after
release (like 36 hours after) that above level 44, Krieg's “natural” melee boost is greater than
50%.This means above level 44 you are better off without a bladed weapon, as you do more
damage normally. This caps out at the 82% increase at level 61, so weapons with a +100%
or melee boost are the only ones worthwhile beyond level 44. At the time of writing this
includes only the Rapier and Law. There is one exception to this: if you are using a Roid
shield, even a 50% melee weapon will grant a nice bonus while the shield is depleted due to
a different calculation method used while the shield is giving the bonus melee damage. You
can watch this video for explanation and demonstration.

RAID BOSSES:
Raid bosses are special bosses intended to be fought by a team of players. It is
typically expected that a group of four players at the level cap for that playthrough would be
needed to beat the bosses, due to their insane amounts of health (often more than one
hundred million health points in UVHM), and the massive amounts of damage they deal. That
said, there are specific builds and equipment loadouts that can be used to solo most Raid
Bosses with most characters, which can be found within the Gearbox Forums links in
Character Selection. There are only two Raid Bosses in the base game, and each DLC adds
either one or two new such enemies. Some Raid Bosses can drop Seraph Crystals, and these
are known as the Seraph Guardians. All Seraph Guardians are Raid Bosses, but not all Raid
Bosses are Seraph Guardians. Raid bosses generally need to be searched for: Apart from
Vermivorous the Invincible, no Raid Bosses can be found by accident. There's not much else I
will put here, but this List of Raid Bosses tells you what level they are fought at in each
playthrough, and provides links to articles on each.

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CO-OP ETIQUETTE: HOW NOT TO BE AN ASSHOLE:

This will also be a short section.

If you aren't the host, don't ninja-loot things. Host gets dibs, else see point 2.
If multiple people want a piece of loot, duel for it. Two players melee each other to
begin a duel.
Don't let people into your game just to kick them at the end of a boss fight so you can
keep the loot for yourself.
If you're the host, don't be afraid to kick somebody if they actually deserve it.
Don't drop into a game with a character whose level is way off the host's. Don't bring
your level 2 Axton into a Level 61 Raid party just so you can get EXP. This is of course
okay if your friends offer to do it, but don't do it in random matchmaking. Also,
dropping into a level 42's game with your level 58 character to “help” will make all
enemies in that game boost up to levels 58-60, so don't do that either.
If you are playing a modded game, change your network options to stay off of
random matchmaking. Sure, many people would appreciate a few good drops, but
when every other skag drops a Norfleet, the game is just not fair and for most people
simply not enjoyable. I also advise you to learn what the three final-tier skills for the
characters are and what they look like in-game, so you can tell if your host has
modded skill points.

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DLC GUIDE:

The following sections are taken from my original DLC guide, which can be visited
from Useful Links and Resources. This is intended to provide the crux of what you would
need to know about all the Borderlands 2 DLC that has been released as of 15/07/2013.
Further DLC is incoming in the future, and an updated guide will be provided at such a time
as it becomes outdated.

THE SEASON PASS:

The Season Pass includes the 4 campaign DLCs (outlined below), and the Ultimate
Vault Hunter Upgrade Pack (increases level cap to 61, and allows pearlescent weapons to
drop in UVHM), all for the price of 3 individual campaign DLCs. Well worth the money. It
does not include Krieg or Gaige, the character DLCs. It does not include any of the skin/head
DLCs seen at the Customisation Stations/Quick Change stations. There's always one guy who
claims it was, so I'll say no, it was not stated that Gaige came with the season pass. If you
didn't pay for her (and didn't pirate her) then you preordered the game.

WHICH DLC TO BUY IF YOU CAN'T AFFORD THE SEASON PASS:

Generally it would be recommended that you wait until you can afford the season
pass. It's cheaper than all the campaign DLC individually and includes the Ultimate Vault
Hunter Upgrade Pack (worst named DLC ever: this is the levels 51-61 pack). Unless you are
hell-bent on getting Krieg or Gaige (I certainly was for Gaige), I would get the Season Pass
first. More game content > same content with a new character IMO, but you're free to do
what you wish. If you must choose between them: I think general opinion is something like
this, in order of decreasing awesomeness:

Tiny Tina's Assault on Dragon Keep (Accessed via "Unassuming Docks" in Fast Travel)

Mr. Torgue's Campaign of Carnage (Accessed via "Badass Crater of Badassitude" in Fast
Travel)

Captain Scarlett and Her Pirate's Booty (Accessed via "Oasis" in Fast Travel)

Sir Hammerlock's Big Game Hunt (Accessed via "Hunter's Grotto" in Fast Travel)

In terms of character DLC, which one you should buy (if you have to choose) probably
depends largely on which characters you play/have played. If you haven't played anything
seriously melee related, Krieg is likely the better choice for you. If you've played axton, I
think you'll find Deathtrap to be a (slightly buggy) breath of fresh air. You now have a moving
source of damage! Of course this is harder for me to quantify and give an objective opinion
on, as not every player uses Krieg for melee or Gaige for Deathtrap.

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DLC LEVEL SCALING OF QUESTS AND ENEMIES:

The levels of the enemies and missions in the DLCs are as follows:

Captain Scarlett and her Pirate's Booty - levels 15 to 30

Mr. Torgue's Campaign of Carnage - levels 15 to 30

Sir Hammerlock's Big Game Hunt - levels 30 to 35

Tiny Tina's Assault on Dragon Keep - levels 30 to 35

As /u/Danarhys pointed out in the past, the latter two of these are rife with spoilers
from the main game! You shouldn't play them in normal mode until (at the very, very least)
you're in the Arid Nexus. This is reflected in their lower level cap being higher than those of
the first two campaign DLCs. In True Vault Hunter Mode (TVHM), enemy levels in the DLCs
will scale to around the player's level starting from around their Normal Mode playthrough
level caps (30,30,35,35 respectively) until level 50. In Ultimate Vault Hunter Mode (UVHM),
enemy levels in the DLCs will scale to around the player's level starting from around level 50
until level 61. This was all taken from /u/intergalacticninja's comment here.

WHAT ORDER TO DO THE DLC IN AND WHEN TO DO THEM:

The following assumes you own all 4 campaign DLCs either by purchasing the Season
Pass, or by purchasing them individually. I would like to start this section by saying that no,
you don't need to do all DLC in all playthroughs.

In normal mode you can start them as soon as you're at the lower level limit, and any
time after that. If you're hitting level 36/37, you may want to just stop and move on to True
Vault Hunter Mode, playthrough 2. You won't get much XP for enemies and quests that are
levels below you, and all gear will be capped at 30 or 35 anyway, so unless there's a
particular item you want from a DLC quest, I wouldn't stress about fully completing them.

You need to be a bit careful in TVHM, especially in Playthrough 2.5 (after you beat the
final boss again and hit Level 50) because trying to keep all sidequests (that's another topic,
won't cover it here) and DLC quests for when you hit level 50 is a recipe for disaster. XP gain
is nerfed once you hit 50, to minimise your ability to level up thereafter. This is (in practise)
to prevent you grinding to level 61 and entering UVHM only to fight level 63 badasses or
level 66 Dukes of Ork with your level 50 legendary weapons you've farmed. I guarantee you
will be struggling to a Dark Souls/Demon Souls degree. The difference between a level 50
DPUH, which can do 15145x2 damage (item card damage, from the wiki, and a level 61
version, which could deal 58923x2 (same source as above) is incredible. Your level 50 gear is
worthless at L61, with the possible exception of the Slagga, and that's only if you just use it
for slagging. This was kind of ranty but UVHM is a free DLC so I decided to include it. The
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point is you should really only do the side quests from the main game and the DLC main/side
quests that give you gear your character would need for UVHM. Typically that at least
includes The Bee and (more commonly obtained by duping) the Legendary Class Mod for your
character, plus whatever else you feel you need or just want.

USEFUL LINKS AND RESOURCES:

Borderlands Wiki.
Some Drop Rate Research.
List of Legendary Items and Where They Drop.
Compilation of Character Head & Skin Combos: Outdated, does not contain any data for
the customization DLC, or for Krieg and Gaige.
List of All Gear With Special Effects.
FAQ for Vermivorous the Invincible.
Weapon Parts Infographics - This is the Assault Rifle link, but it links to the others.
These guides explain which company makes which weapon part,and what effect each
part has on the weapons.
Guide to Campaign and Character DLC for BL2.
/r/borderlandsguns for trading gear.
/r/pandoranredcross for powerleveling requests, gear handouts, and corrupted save
help.
/r/bl2guns for showing off screenshots of nice loot.
/r/bl2builds for any questions about your build, or proposition of a new one.
/r/bl2modding for those interested in modding the game.
/r/borderlandscoop for organizing group sessions.
Official Steam Group for /r/borderlands.
Gearbox Software on Facebook.
Gearbox Software on Twitter.
Randy Pitchford on Twitter.
Borderlands on Facebook.

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