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Hydraulics
Introduction
The airplane has three hydraulic systems: A, B and standby. The standby system is used if system A and/or B pressure is lost. The hydraulic systems power the following airplane systems: flight controls wheel brakes leading edge flaps and slats nose wheel steering trailing edge flaps thrust reversers landing gear autopilots. Either A or B hydraulic system can power all flight controls with no decrease in airplane controllability. Each hydraulic system has a fluid reservoir located in the main wheel well area. System A and B reservoirs are pressurized by bleed air. The standby system reservoir is connected to the system B reservoir for pressurization and servicing. Pressurization of all reservoirs ensures positive fluid flow to all hydraulic pumps.
SYSTEM A
M M
STBY SYSTEM
SYSTEM B
M
POWER TRANSFER UNIT
RUDDER
AILERONS FLIGHT SPOILERS ALTERNATE NOSE WHEEL STEERING AUTOPILOT B YAW DAMPER NORMAL BRAKES TRAILING EDGE FLAPS
ELEVATOR AND ELEV FEEL LANDING GEAR LANDING GEAR TRANSFER UNIT
AUTOPILOT A
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ailerons rudder elevator and elevator feel flight spoilers (two on each wing) ground spoilers alternate brakes No. 1 thrust reverser autopilot A normal nose wheel steering landing gear power transfer unit (PTU)
ailerons rudder elevator and elevator feel flight spoilers (two on each wing) leading edge flaps and slats normal brakes No. 2 thrust reverser autopilot B alternate nose wheel steering landing gear transfer unit. autoslats yaw damper trailing edge flaps.
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[Option - Vickers electric motor driven hydraulic pumps] The ELEC 2 (system A) or ELEC 1 (system B) pump ON/OFF switch controls the related electric motordriven pump. If an overheat is detected in either system, the related OVERHEAT light illuminates, power is removed from the pump and the LOW PRESSURE light illuminates. Note: Loss of the system A engine-driven hydraulic pump, and a heavy demand on system A, may result in an intermittent LOW PRESSURE light for the remaining electric motor-driven hydraulic pump. The system A flight controls LOW PRESSURE light, Master Caution light, and the FLT CONT and HYD system annunciator lights also illuminate. Hydraulic fluid used for cooling and lubrication of the pumps passes through a heat exchanger before returning to the reservoir. The heat exchanger for system A is located in main fuel tank No. 1 and for system B is in main fuel tank No. 2. CAUTION: Minimum fuel for ground operation of electric motor-driven pumps is 760 kgs/1675 lbs in the related main tank. Pressure switches, located in the enginedriven and electric motordriven pump output lines, send signals to illuminate the related LOW PRESSURE light if pump output pressure is low. A check valve, located in each output line, isolates the related pump from the system. The related system pressure transmitter sends the combined pressure of the enginedriven and electric motordriven pump to the related hydraulic system pressure indication.
Manual Operation
Positioning either FLT CONTROL switch to STBY RUD: activates the standby electric motordriven pump shuts off the related hydraulic system pressure to ailerons, elevators and rudder by closing the flight control shutoff valve opens the standby rudder shutoff valve deactivates the related flight control LOW PRESSURE light when the standby rudder shutoff valve opens allows the standby system to power the rudder and thrust reversers.
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[737 modified rudder- installed] illuminates the STBY RUD ON, Master Caution, and Flight Controls (FLT CONT) lights. Positioning the ALTERNATE FLAPS master switch to ARM, (refer to Chapter 9, Flight Controls for a more complete explanation): activates the standby electric motordriven pump closes the trailing edge flap bypass valve arms the ALTERNATE FLAPS position switch allows the standby system to power the leading edge flaps and slats and thrust reversers.
Automatic Operation
Automatic operation is initiated when the following conditions exist: loss of system A or B, and flaps extended, and airborne, or wheel speed greater than 60 kts, and FLT CONTROL switch A or B Hydraulic System ON [737 modified rudder- installed] OR: the main PCU Force Fight Monitor (FFM) trips Automatic operation: activates the standby electric motordriven pump opens the standby rudder shutoff valve allows the standby system to power the rudder and thrust reversers. [737 modified rudder- installed] illuminates the STBY RUD ON, Master Caution, and Flight Controls (FLT CONT) lights.
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FLT CONTROL A B
STBY RUD OFF A ON STBY RUD OFF B ON
STANDBY HYD
LOW QUANTITY LOW PRESSURE
ALTERNATE FLAPS
B
OFF LOW PRESSURE LOW PRESSURE UP OFF ARM DOWN
TO THRUST REVERSERS
STANDBY YAW DAMPER STANDBY RUDDER PCU FLIGHT CONTROL SHUTOFF VALVE A RUDDER ELEVATOR AND ELEVATOR FEEL COMPUTER AILERON CONDITION: SYSTEM A LOST, STANDBY SYSTEM AND SYSTEM B PRESSURIZED
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FLT CONTROL A B
STBY RUD OFF A ON STBY RUD OFF B ON
STANDBY HYD
LOW QUANTITY LOW PRESSURE STBY RUD ON
ALTERNATE FLAPS
B
OFF LOW PRESSURE LOW PRESSURE UP OFF ARM DOWN
TO THRUST REVERSERS
FFM FLIGHT CONTROL SHUTOFF VALVE A RUDDER ELEVATOR AND ELEVATOR FEEL COMPUTER AILERON
CONDITION: SYSTEM A LOST, STANDBY SYSTEM AND SYSTEM B PRESSURIZED STBY RUD ON LIGHT ILLUMINATED
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Hydraulic Panel
ENG 1 ELEC 2
OF ON
ELEC 1 ENG 2
OFF ON
HYD PUMPS
FORWARD OVERHEAD PANEL Electric Hydraulic Pump OVERHEAT Lights Illuminated (amber) Hydraulic fluid used to cool and lubricate the corresponding electric motor driven pump has overheated or the pump itself has overheated. Hydraulic Pump LOW PRESSURE Lights Illuminated (amber) output pressure of associated pump is low. Note: When an engine fire warning switch is pulled, the low pressure light is deactivated. ELECTRIC HYDRAULIC PUMPS Switches ON provides power to associated electric motordriven pump. OFF electrical power removed from pump. ENGINE HYDRAULIC PUMPS Switches ON deenergizes blocking valve in pump to allow pump pressure to enter system. Note: Should remain ON at shutdown to prolong solenoid life. OFF energizes blocking valve to block pump output.
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Hydraulic Indications
[Option - Side by Side display]
A
3 4
B
3 4
HYD P HYD Q %
95
70 RF
UPPER DISPLAY UNIT HYDRAULIC System PRESSURE Indications Indicates system pressure: displayed (white) - normal operating range displayed (amber) - caution range displayed (red) - operating limit reached. Note: When both pumps for a system are OFF, respective pointer reads zero. Hydraulic Pressure Amber Bands/Redlines Displayed (amber) - low/high hydraulic pressure caution range. Displayed (red) - low/high hydraulic pressure operating limit. HYDRAULIC System QUANTITY Indications Indicates digital percentage (0% to 106%) of hydraulic quantity. Note: Quantity also displayed at each reservoir. REFILL Indication (RF) (white) Illuminated (white) hydraulic quantity below 76%. Note: Valid only when airplane is on ground with both engines shutdown or after landing with flaps up during taxiin.
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98 3000
67 RF 3000
LOWER DISPLAY UNIT MFD System (SYS) Switch Push SYS displays hydraulic indications on lower DU; or if the lower DU is unavailable, displays it on upper DU or inboard DU based on the position of the display select panel selector second push blanks lower DU. HYDRAULIC System QUANTITY Indications (white) Indicates digital percentage (0% to 106%) of hydraulic quantity. Note: Quantity also displayed at each reservoir. HYDRAULIC System PRESSURE Indications (white) Indicates system pressure: Normal pressure 3000 psi Maximum pressure 3500 psi. Note: When both pumps for a system are OFF, the indication may read hydraulic system reservoir pressure, normally less than 100 psi. REFILL Indication (RF) (white) Illuminated (white) hydraulic quantity below 76%. Note: Valid only when airplane is on ground with both engines shutdown or after landing with flaps up during taxiin.
.
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STANDBY HYD
LOW QUANTITY LOW PRESSURE
ALTERNATE FLAPS
OFF
LOW PRESSURE
LOW PRESSURE
SPOILER A B
OFF ON
OFF
FEEL DIFF PRESS
ON
YAW DAMPER
YAW DAMPER
OFF ON
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STANDBY HYD
LOW QUANTITY LOW PRESSURE STBY RUD ON
ALTERNATE FLAPS
OFF
LOW PRESSURE LOW PRESSURE
SPOILER A B
OFF ON
OFF
FEEL DIFF PRESS
ON
YAW DAMPER
YAW DAMPER
OFF ON
FORWARD OVERHEAD PANEL FLIGHT CONTROL Switches STBY RUD activates standby pump and opens standby rudder shutoff valve to pressurize standby rudder power control unit. OFF closes flight control shutoff valve isolating ailerons, elevators and rudder from associated hydraulic system pressure. ON (guarded position) normal operating position.
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Flight Control LOW PRESSURE Lights Illuminated (amber) indicates low hydraulic system (A or B) pressure to ailerons, elevator and rudder deactivated when associated FLIGHT CONTROL switch is positioned to STBY RUD and standby rudder shutoff valve opens. STANDBY HYDRAULIC LOW QUANTITY Light Illuminated (amber) indicates low quantity in standby hydraulic reservoir always armed. STANDBY HYDRAULIC LOW PRESSURE Light Illuminated (amber) indicates output pressure of standby pump is low armed only when standby pump operation has been selected or automatic standby function is activated. ALTERNATE FLAPS Master Switch OFF (guarded position) normal operating position. ARM closes trailing edge flap bypass valve, activates standby pump, and arms ALTERNATE FLAPS position switch. STBY RUD ON Light [737 modified rudder - installed] Illuminated (amber) - indicates the standby hydraulic system is commanded on to pressurize the standby rudder power control unit.
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