SAN BEDA COLLEGE COLLEGE OF LAW Mendiola, Manila By: ATTY. PLARIDEL J. BO OL II P!o"e##o!

CO$RSE DESCRIPTION: An in-depth study of the basic principles of jurisdiction and the procedure to be observed in the conduct of civil cases. It also includes a study of the jurisdiction of various courts of different levels and administrative or quasi-judicial agencies. The course is centered on the study of Rule 1 to 61 of the 1 ! Rules of "ivil #rocedure and its amendatory circulars and resolutions including the judicial interpretation and application of the rules. PART. %. & R$LES OF CI'IL PROCED$RE I. PRELIMINARIES(

a$ "oncept of Remedial %a& b$ Remedial %a& distinguished from 'ubstantive %a&. c$ #rospective (ffect of the Rules of "ourt.
1. )ermejo v. )arrios* +1 '"RA !6,* !!6

d$ Applicability to pending actions- retroactivity.

1. In the .atter to /eclare in "ontempt of "ourt 0on. 'imeon /atumanong* , ! '"RA 616* 6+6-6+! 2. #"I %easing and 2inance* Inc. vs. 3o 4o* ,5, '"RA 566* 5 1 3. 3o vs. 'ubanon* 6,1 '"RA +6!* 2ebruary * 1711. 4. 2irst Aqua Traders* Inc. vs. )an8 of the #hilippine Islands* 51, '"RA 11+* 11611!

e$ 9hen procedural rules do not apply to pending action. f$

Rule ma8ing po&er of 'upreme "ourt 2.1. Art. :III* 'ec. 5 ;5$* "onstitution 2.1. Art. :I* 'ec. +7 2.+. #o&er to amend the rules. 2.,. #o&er to suspend the Rules- po&er to reverse itself. 2.,. %imitation on the rule-ma8ing po&er of the 'upreme "ourt.

g$ /istinguish "ivil Action* "riminal Action and 'pecial #roceedings.

II.

GENERAL PRO'ISIONS

a$ Applicable actions or proceedings - govern by the Rules of "ourt. (Sec. 2-3, Rule 1, Rules of
Court)

b$ In &hat cases Rules of "ourt is not applicable. (Sec. 4, Rule 1, Rules of Court)
1. 2. 3. 4. Atien<a v. )oard of .edicine* 6,1 '"RA 51+* 2ebruary * 1711$ )antolino v. "oca-"ola )ottlers* #hil.* Inc. ,7+ '"RA 6 * !7+$ #anuncillo v. "A#* #hils. Inc.* 515 '"RA +1+* +,1. =ng "hia v. Republic* +16 '"RA !, * !56

c$ "ommencement of actionI.1 "ondition #recedent-

Page 1 of 43

4atarungang #ambarangay 5. %umbuan vs. Ronqullo* 3.R. >o. 155!1+* .ay 5* 1776

I.1. #ayment of /oc8et 2ees. I.+. #ayment of 2iling 2ees. 6. Heirs of Bertuldo Hinog vs. elicor* ,55 '"RA ,67 ;1775$* reiterating

Sun !nsur"nce #ffice, $td. vs. %suncion, 1!7 '"RA 1!, ;1 6 $

d$ Rule on %iberal "onstruction- purposes. (Sec. 6, Rule 1, Rules of Court)

&. 2.A.T. 4ey "omputer 'ystem v. =nline >et&or8s International* Inc. 6,1 '"RA + 7* ,76* 2ebruary 1* 1711. '. "ity of /umaguete v. #hil #orts Authority* 3.R. >o. 166 !+* Aug. 1,* 1711. (. Alcantara v. #hilippine "ommercial and International )an8* 6+, '"RA ,6* 5 * =ctober 17* 1717. /.1.(?tent and 'cope of the Rule on %iberal "onstruction. 1). "ommissioner of Internal Revenue v. .igrant #agbilao "orporation* 57, '"RA ,6,* , 6 11. Abrenica v. %a& 2irm of Abrenica* Tungol and Tibayan* 571 '"RA 61,. 611. /.1.3eneral Rule on %iberal "onstructionse?ception. ,1* Aan.

12. #ilapil v. 0eirs of )riones* 51, '"RA 1 !* 111 13. )arangay /asmari@as v. "reative #lay "orner 'chool* 3.R. >o. 16 1,* 1711. III. ACTION, CA$SES OF ACTION AND PARTIES

a$ "ause of action ;'ecs. 1-1$ - /istinguished from right of action.

1. :irra .all Tenants Association* Inc. v. :irra .all 3reenhills Association* Inc.* 3.R. >o. 161 71* =ctober 5* 1711.

A.1. /ifferent 4inds of ActionA.1. "lassification of =rdinary "ivil Actions-

2. Tamano v. =rti<* 1 1 '"RA 56,* 566 3. >ational 'teel "orp. v. "ourt of Appeals* +71 '"RA 511* 51 -5+7. 4. (mergency %oan #a&nshop* Inc. v. "ourt of Appeal* +5+ '"RA 6 * 1 5. #ascual v. #ascual* !+ #hil. 561* 561

A.+. /istinction bet&een a personal and real action.

A.,. 9hen cause of action is required.

6. Turner v. %oren<o 'hipping "orporation* 6+6 '"RA 1+* >ovember 1,* 1717.

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A.5. (lements of "ause of Action.

&. .an<anal v. Ilusorio* 6+6 '"RA 56+* 5!7* /ecember 6* 1717.

b$ 'plitting a cause of action ;'ecs. +-,$

'. Aoseph vs. )autista* 1!7 '"RA 5,7 ;1 6 $ (. /el Rosario vs 2ar (ast )an8 and Trust "ompany* 3.R. >o. 1571+,* =ctober +1* 177! 1). #rogressive /evelopment "orp. vs. "A* +71 '"RA +6! ;1 $

11. "3R "orporation vs. Treyes* Ar.* 3.R. >o. 1!7 16* April 1!* 177! 12. (nrique< vs. Ramos* ! '"RA 165 ;1 6+$

).1. #rohibition against splitting a single cause of action.

13. .ariscal v. "ourt of Appeals* +11 '"RA 51. 14. #rogressive /evelopment "orporation Inc. v. "ourt of Appeals* +71 '"RA 6+!* 651-65+.

).1. (ffect of splitting a single cause of action.

).+. Test to ascertain &hether t&o suits relate to a single or common cause of action.

).+. Remedy against splitting a single cause of action.

c$ Aoinder of causes of action ;'ecs. 5-6$

15. *lores vs.

"ll"re-+,illi--s* 1,, '"RA 1!! ;1 66$

".1. Aoinder of "laims in 'mall "laim "ases.

".1. Remedy in "ase of .isjoinder of Actions.

e$ 9ho may be parties ;'ec. 1$

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i. ii. iii.

>atural persons Auridical persons (ntities authori<ed by la& ;even if they lac8 juridical personality$

f$

Real party in interest ;'ec. 1$

).1. %ac8 of personality to sue.

16. .v"ngelist" vs. S"nti"go* ,!5 '"RA !,, ;1775$ 1&. /o0ingo vs. C"r"gue* ,56 '"RA ,57 ;1775$

B.2. Rule on B'tandingC as distinguished from concept of

real party in interest.

g$ Representative parties ;'ec. +$

1'. #-os" vs. *"ctor"n* 11, '"RA ! 1 ;1

+$ Indispensable parties ;'ec. !$

1(. /o0ingo vs. Sc,eer* ,11 '"RA ,66 ;177,$ 2). 12 vs. C%* , , '"RA 5+5 ;1776$ 21. 'ustiguer v. Tamayo* 1!6 '"RA 5! * 5 7. 22. Dy v. "ourt of Appeals* +1, '"RA 6 * !6.

h$ 'pouses as parties. ;'ec. ,$

Art. 111* 2amily "ode Art. 117!* Art. 1116* "ivil "ode of the #hilippines.

i$

.inor or incompetent as parties ;'ec. 5$

j$

#ermissive joinder of parties ;'ec. 6$

8$ Indispensable parties ;'ec. !$

23. 'pouses 3arcia v. 3arcia* 3.R. >o. 16 15!* >ovember 1,* 1711. 24. 'upulveda* 'r. v. #elae<* ,57 '"RA +71 25. .9'' v. "ourt of Appeals. 1 ! '"RA 16!.

3.1./istinguished from >ecessary parties.

Page 4 of 43

l$

>ecessary party or proper party ;'ecs. 6- $

26. $"-er"l /evt. Cor-. vs. C%* 11+ '"RA 161

m$ Dn&illing co-plaintiff. ;'ec. 17$ n$ (ffects of misjoinder and non-joinder of parties. *;'ec. 11$ o$ "lass suits- Requisites. ;'ec. 11$
2&. "t,"2 v. Consolid"ted B"n3 4 5rust Co., 5' SCR% 55(, 5&1.

p$ Alternative defendant ;'ec. 1+$

2'. Ri<al 'urety E Insurance "ompany v. .anila Railroad "orporation* !7 '"RA 16!

q$ Dn8no&n defendant ;'ec. 1,$

r$ (ntity &ithout juridical personality as defendant ;'ec. 15$ s$ /eath of party- duty of counsel ;'ecs. 16$
=.1. (ffect of non-substitution of a deceased party. 2(. Heirs of Bertuldo Hinog v. elicor* ,55 '"RA ,67 ;1775$

3). /e l" Cru6 v. 7o"8uin* ,6, '"RA 5!6 ;1775$ 31. 2lorendo v. "oloma* 11 '"RA +7,.

t$ u$ v$ &$ ?$ y$
I'.

/eath or separation of party &ho is a public officer Incompetency or incapacity ;'ec. 16$ Transfer of interest ;'ec. 1 $ Action on contractual claim ;'ec. 17.$ Indigent party ;'ec. 11$ >otice to 'olicitor 3eneral ;'ec. 11$

;'ec. 1!$

'en)e o" A*+ion# and J)!i#di*+ion I'.%. 'en)e

a$ :enue defined- /istinguished from jurisdiction. b$ :enue of real actions ;'ec. 1$ c$ :enue of personal actions ;'ec. 1$ d$ :enue of actions against non-residents ;'ec. +$ e$ 9hen rule on venue not applicable ;'ec. ,$

1. /i"6 vs. %diong* 11 '"RA 6+1 ;1

+$

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2. +,il. B"n3ing Cor-. vs. 5ensu"n* 116 '"RA +65 ;1

+$

f$

9aiver of improper venue. 3. /"co2co2 vs. !%C, 1 5 '"RA 6,1 ;1 4. >ocum v. Tan* ,!7 '"RA 6+

+$

g$ 'tipulations on venue.
5. Dniversal Robina "orp. v. %im* 5+5 '"RA 5*

h$ /ismissal based on improper venue.

I'.,. J)!i#di*+ion a$ 3enerally i. subject matter ii. res or property iii. issues iv. parties b$ (stoppel to deny jurisdiction 6. Heirs of Bertuldo Hinog vs. elicor* ,55 '"RA ,67 ;1775$

c$ Aurisdiction at time of filing of action &. +eo-le vs. C"9"ling* 1 + '"RA 16! ;1 d$ Test of Aurisdiction e$ /uty of "ourt to determine its Aurisdiction f$ (ffect of %ac8 of Aurisdiction 6$

g$ Regular "ourts ;.T"* RT"* "A* '"$ Art. :III* "onstitution )# 11 ;Audiciary Reorgani<ation Act of 1 67$ RA ! 71 ;e?panding the jurisdiction of the "A* amending )# 11 $ RA ! 61 ;e?panding the jurisdiction of .etroT"* .T"* ."T"* amending )# 11 $ '" Adm. "ircular >o. 7 - ,* in rel. to RA !6 1 '" "ircular >o. 11- * in rel. to RA !6 1 RA 6+6 ;2amily "ourts Act of 1 !$ '" "ircular >o. 11- * in rel. to RA 6+6 h$ 'pecial "ourts 'andiganbayan #/ 1616* as am. by RA ! !5 and RA 61, i$ Fuasi judicial bodies '(" ;'ec. 5.1* RA 6! *'ecurities Regulation"ode$ "'" ; "g-"le vs. CSC* 115 '"RA + 6 ;1 1$$ 0%DR) ;S"ndov"l vs. C"ne:"* 1 7 '"RA !! ;1 1$ '. PLEADINGS AND MOTIONS

'.%. PLEADINGS.

Page 6 of 43

'.%.%. Gene!al P!in*i-le# on Pleadin.#(

a$ #leadings defined. ;'ec. 1$

A.1. >ature of #leadings. A.1. >ecessity and #urpose of #leadings A.+. "onstruction of #leadings

b$ #leadings allo&ed by the Rules of "ourt.

'.%.,. Pa!+# o" Pleadin.#

a$ "aption of the #leading ;'ec. 1$

A.1. Title of the action.

b$ )ody of the #leading ;'ec. 1$

).1. 0eadings- designation of causes of action joined in one complaint.

).1. Relief

1. #rince Transport Inc. v. 3arcia* 6+ '"RA +11* Aanuary 11* 1711. 2. )anco 2ilipino 'avings and .ortgage )an8 v. "ourt of Appeals* ++1 '"RA 1,1

c$ 'ignature and address. ;'ec. +$

3. 3arrucho v. "ourt of Appeals* ,,6 '"RA 165 4. Republic v. 4enric8 /evelopment "orporation ".1. (ffect of unsigned pleading

d$ :erification in a pleading ;'ec. ,$

/.1. 0o& a pleading is verified. ;A... >o. 77-1-17* .ay 1* 1777$

5. :da. /e 2ormoso v. #>)* 657 '"RA +5* Aune 1* 1711. /.1. 'ignificance of :erification

Page 7 of 43

6. 'armiento v. Garatan* 51, '"RA 1,6 /.+. (ffect of lac8 of verification &. "hua v. Torres* ,66 '"RA +56 '. #ampanga 'ugar /evelopment "ompany* Inc. v. >%R"* 1!1 '"RA !+!

e$ "ertification against forum shopping ;'ec. 5$

(. Asia Dnited )an8 v. 3oodland "ompany Inc.* 6+! '"RA 6 1* /ec. 6* 1717

(.1. Applicability to 'pecial "ivil Actions

(.1. .eaning of 2orum 'hopping

1). 0uibonhoa v. "oncepcion* , ! '"RA 561 (.+. 9ho e?ecutes the certification of against forum shopping- Rule if there are several plaintiffs or petitioners- e?ception. 11. /amasco v. >%R"* +,6 '"RA !1, 12. 0eirs of 2rancisco Retuya v. "ourt of Appeals* 3.R. >o. 16+7+ * April 6* 1711. (.,. 0o& to determine e?istence of forum shopping13. .ultinational v. "ourt of Appeals* 17+ '"RA 17, 14. Houng v. 'pouses 'y* 57+ '"RA 151* 166 (.5. (ffect of non-compliance &ith the rule on certification against forum 'hopping- (?ceptions.

15. Auaban v. (spina* 5,6 '"RA 566 '.,. ALLEGATIONS

a$

.anner of ma8ing allegations. ;Rule 6* 'ec. 1$ 1. "eroferr Realty "orp. v. "ourt of Appeals* +!6 '"RA 1,, 2. Tantuico* Ar. :. Republic* 17, '"RA ,16

b$

"onditions precedent ;Rule 6* 'ec. +$ ).1. (ffect of failure to comply &ith condition precedent

c$ d$ e$ f$ g$

"apacity ;'ec. ,* Rule 6$ #leading a Audgments ;Rule 6* 'ec. 6$ #leading an official document ;'ec. * Rule 6$ 2raud and mista8e* condition of mind ;Rule 6* 'ec.5$ #leading alternative causes of actions or defenses ;'ec. 1* Rule 6$ 3. %a .allorca v. "ourt of Appeals* 1! '"RA !+

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h$

Actionable /ocument ;'ec. !* Rule 6$ 4. Araneta Inc. v. %yric 2actor (?change* Inc. 56 #hil. !+6

i$ j$

0o& to contest actionable document- =ath required- 9hen not required. ;'ec. 6* Rule 6$ 'pecific /enial ;'ec. 17* Rule 6$ A.1. (ffect of absence of a specific denial. ;'ec. 11* Rule 6$

5. Republic v. 'arabia* ,66 '"RA 1,1* 157. A.1. #urpose of a 'pecific /enial.

6. #)"om v. 3o* 6,1 '"RA 6 +* 2ebruary 1,* 1711. A.+. 4inds of 'pecific /enial.

&. "amitan v. "ourt of Appeals* 511 '"RA +6,

8$ Allegations not specifically denied deemed admitted ;'ec. 11* Rule 6$

4.1. Audicial Admission 4.1. .odes of /enial 4.+. 0o& (?press Admissions 9ithdra&n

l$

'tri8ing out of pleading or matter contained therein. %.1. 9hen "ourt may =rder any #leading to be stric8en out %.1. #leadings or .atters to be 'tric8en out %.+. 2alse Allegations

'./. 0INDS OF PLEADINGS

a$ Co1-lain+- /efined and in general ;Rule 6* 'ec. +$

A.1. 2iling of complaint A.1 'ignificance of 2iling of the "omplaint A.+. #ayment of /oc8et 2ees and acquisition of jurisdiction.

b$ An#2e! ;'ec. ,* Rule 6$

).1. >ature of an Ans&er.

).1. /efenses in Ans&er.

Page 9 of 43

).+. >egative #regnant

).,. Affirmative /efenses- /efine. ;'ec. 5* Rule 6$

1. #esane Animas .ongao v. #ryce #roperties "orp.* ,6! '"RA 171* 11, ).5. #eriod to #lead ;'ec. 1-+* Rule 11$

c$ Co)n+e!*lai1- >ature of a "ounterclaim. ;'ec. 6-!$

".1. "ompulsory counterclaim- tests

2. 3'I' v. 0eirs of "aballero* 3.R. >o. 1567 7* =ctober ,* 1717. ".1. #ermissive "ounterclaim

3. Dniversal Robina "orp. v. %im* 5+5 '"RA 5* ".+. /istinction bet&een a compulsory and permissive counterclaim. 4. 5. 6. &. 'anto Tomas Dniversity v. 'urla* 1 , '"RA +61* + 1-1 + 3ojo v. 3oyola* +5 '"RA 55! ;ore" .<c,"nge B"n3 vs. =on6"les* ,56 '"RA 11, ;1775$ B% *in"nce Cor-. vs. Co* 11, '"RA 16+ ;1 +$

".,. Remedies 2or failure to raise compulsory counterclaim ;Rule * 'ec. 1$ ".5. (ffect of dismissal of a complaint on the counterclaim already set-up. '. +ing" v. Heirs of S"nti"go, 4(4 SCR% 3(3, 413. ".6. Ans&er to counterclaim- period to plead ;'ec. ,* Rule 11$ ".!. =mitted counterclaim or cross-claim ;'ec. 17* Rule 11$

d$ CROSS&CLAIM ;'ec. 6* Rule 6$

/.1. /istinction bet&een a counterclaim and a cross-claim. /.1. #eriod to ans&er a cross-claim ;'ec. ,* Rule 11$

e$ T IRD&PARTY COMPLAINT 3Se*. %%, R)le 45

(.1. /efined. (.1. Remedies &hen denied

f$

REPLY 3Se*. %6, R)le 45 2.1. /efined and in general ;Rule 6* 'ec. 17$ 2.1. 9hen required ;Rule 6* 'ec.17$ 2.+. 2iling of reply* not mandatory.

g$ T7i!d8Fo)!+7 Pa!+y Co1-lain+

3.1. /efined ;Rule 6* 'ec. 11$

Page 10 of 43

3.1. Remedies &hen denied

h$ An#2e! +o T7i!d8Fo)!+7 Pa!+y Co1-lain+

0.1. In general ;Rule 6* 'ec. 1+$ 0.1. Time to plead ;Rule 11* 'ec. 5$

i$

E9+en#ion o" +i1e +o -lead 3R)le %%, Se*. %%5

j$

J)di*ial A""ida:i+ R)le ;A... 11-6-6-'"$

8$ E""i*ien+ $#e Pa-e! R)le ;A...11- -,-'"$

'.;. FILING AND SER'ICE OF PLEADINGS, J$DGMENT AND OT ER PAPERS IN CI'IL CASES.

a$ .eaning of 2iling ;'ec. 1* Rule 1+$

A.1. .anner of filing ;'ec. +* Rule 1+$

i.

3'I' v. >%R"* 6+5 '"RA 151* 15!* >ovember 1!* 1717.

A.1. 0o& to prove filing ;'ec.11* Rule 1+$

A.+. #apers required to be filed and served. ;'ec. ,* Rule 1+$

b$ .eaning of 'ervice ;'ec. 1* Rule 1+$

).1. Dpon &hom service shall be made.

1. #eople v. 3abriel* 517 '"RA 1 !* 171 2. /elos 'antos v. (li<alde* 51, '"RA 1,* 1!

).1. 'ervice upon counsel representing several parties

).+. .ode of service ;'ec. 5 to !* Rule 1+$

Page 11 of 43

3.

.arinduque .ining and Industrial "orporation v. "ourt of Appeals* 56! '"RA ,6+* , 1-, 1

).,. 9hen personal service and service by mail deemed complete. ;'ec. 17* Rule 1+$

).5. 'ubstituted service- 9hen is complete. ;'ec. 6* Rule 1+$

).6. 0o& to prove service ;'ec. 1+* Rule 1+$

c$ >otice of %is #endens- /efined ;'ec. 1,* Rule 1+$

".1. #urpose of %is #endens

".1. (ffect of %is #endens

".+. Actions &here notice of %is #endens Allo&ed

".,. "ancellation of %is #endens after Audgment &ithout court order

".5. #o&er of trial court to cancel notices of lis pendens

'.<. AMENDMENT OF PLEADINGS

a$ In general ;Rule 17* 'ec. 1$ b$ %iberality 1. B"rfel /evt. Cor-. vs. C%* 11+ '"RA 166 ;1 c$ d$ e$ f$ g$ h$ +$

2orm ;Rule 17* 'ec. !$ (ffect ;Rule 17* 'ec. 6$ 4inds- 2ormal amendments ;Rule 17* 'ec. ,$- 'ubstantial amendments .atter of right ;Rule 17* 'ec. 1$ .atter of discretion ;Rule 17* 'ec. +$ Amendment to conform to evidence ;Rule 17* 'ec. 5$ 2. S9"g0"n Hotels 4 5r"vel, !nc. vs. C%, 3.R. >o. 1611+5* April 6* 1775

i$ 'upplemental pleadings ;Rule 17* 'ec. 6$ j$ 2iling of Amended pleadings ;'ec. !* Rule 17$ 8$ (ffect of Amended pleadings 3. S,oe0"rt, !nc. vs. C%* 1 7 '"RA 16 ;1 7$

Page 12 of 43

'.4. MOTIONS

a$ /efine .otion ;'ec.1* Rule 15$ b$ "ontents of .otions ;'ec. +* Rule 15$ c$ 0earing of the motion- litigated and e< -"rte 0otions (Sec. 4, Rule 15)

1. 'armiento v. Garatan* 51, '"RA 1,6

d$ >otice of the motion ;'ec.,* Rule 15$ e$ #roof of service ;'ec. 6* Rule 15$ f$ .otion day ;'ec. !* Rule 15$

g$ (ffect of failure to set the motion for hearing

2.

:ette Industrial 'ales "o. Inc. v. "heng* 57 '"RA 5+1* 5,5

a$ .otion for leave to file a motion ;'ec. * Rule 15$ b$ =mnibus .otion ;'ec. 6* Rule 15$ c$ #rohibited motions ;'ummary #rocedure- 9rit of Amparo- 'mall "laim "ases- (nvironmental "ases$

'I.

S$MMONS

a$ >ature of 'ummons ;Rule 1,$

1. Republic of the #hilippines v. /omingo* 3.R. >o. 1!51

* 'ept. 1,* 1711

b$ Issuance of summons- not discretionary c$ (ffect of 8no&ledge of the filing of action d$ #urpose of summons

2. 3ome< v. "ourt of Appeals* ,15 '"RA 6 3. :elayo-2ong v. :elayo* 517 '"RA +17* ++1 4. Alba v. "ourt of Appeals* ,65 '"RA , 5 5. Asiavest %imited v. "ourt of Appeals* 1 6 '"RA 5+ 6. #"I )an8 v. Alejandro* 5++ '"RA !+6

Page 13 of 43

e$ :oluntary appearance by defendant

&. .anotoc v. "ourt of Appeals* ,

'"RA 11

f$

9ho issues the summons- 9hen summons is issued ;'ec. 1* Rule 1,$

g$ To &hom summons is directed- "ontents of summons ;'ec. 1* Rule 1,$

h$ 9ho serves the summons ;'ec. +* Rule 1,$

i$

Return and proof of service ;'ec. ,* Rule 1,$

j$

Issuance of alias summons ;'ec. 5* Rule 1,$

8$ Dniformity of the Rules on 'ummons

l$

'ervice upon entity &ithout a judicial personality ;'ec. 6* Rule 1,$

m$ 'ervice upon prisoner ;'ec. * Rule 1,$

n$ 'ervice upon a minor and an incompetent ;'ec. 17* Rule 1,$

o$ 'ervice upon a private domestic juridical entity ;'ec. 11* Rule 1,$

'. 3 E 3 Trading "orporation v. "ourt of Appeals* 156 '"RA ,66 (. Aboiti< International 2or&arders* Inc. v. "ourt of Appeals ,66 '"RA , 1 1). #aramount Insurance "orp. v. A.". =rdo@e< "orp.* 561 '"RA +1!

p$ 'ervice upon a foreign private juridical entity ;'ec. 11* Rule 1, amended by A... >o. 11-+-6 >e& Rule on 'ervice of 'ummons$

q$ 'ervice upon public corporation ;'ec. 1+* Rule 1,$

r$

'ervice upon unincorporated government agency

11. Republic of the #hilippines v. /omingo* 3.R. >o. 1!51

* 'ept. 1,* 1711

Page 14 of 43

s$ 'ervice in person on defendant ;'ec. 6* Rule 1,$

'.1. Tender of summons. 12. .iranda v. "ourt of Appeals* +16 '"RA 1!6 13. 0amilton v. %evy* +,, '"RA 611

t$

'ubstituted service of summons ;'ec. !* Rule 1,$

14. Afdal v. "arlos* 6+6 '"RA +6 15. Aose v. )oyon* ,1, '"RA 116

T.1. 0o& substituted service is made

16. 3uan<on v. Arrada<a* 517 '"RA +7

T.1. (ffect if defendant does not actually receive the summons

1&. .ontalban v. .a?imo. 11 '"RA 17!7

T.+. 9hen defendant prevents service of summons

1'. Robinson v. .iralles* 517 '"RA 6!6

T.,. Requisite of valid substituted service

u$ 'ummons by publication ;'ec. 15* Rule 1,$

1(. )anco do )rasil v. "ourt of Appeals* +++ '"RA 5,5 2). "ynthia Alaban v. "ourt of Appeals* ,!7 '"RA 6 !

v$ 'ervice upon defendants &hose identity or &hereabouts are un8no&n ;'ec. 1,* Rule 1,$

21. 'antos v. #>=" (?ploration "orp.* 566 '"RA 1!1

&$ 'ervice upon a resident temporarily out of the #hilippines ;'ec. 16* Rule 1,$

Page 15 of 43

9.1. (?traterritorial 'ervice- Requisites.

9.1. Actions involved in e?traterritorial service of summons.

9.+. .ode of e?traterritorial service.

22. Asiavest %imited v. "ourt of Appeals* 1 6 '"RA 5+ 23. :almonte v. "ourt of Appeals* 151 '"RA 1

?$ 'ummons &hen complaint is amended

24. :lason (nterprises v. "ourt of Appeals* +17 '"RA 16* 15!-156

'II.

PROCED$RE AFTER SER'ICE OF S$MMONS AND DISMISSAL OF ACTIONS

'II.%.De"a)l+ ;Rule * 'ec. +$ a$ >ature of /efault 1. >l"son .nter-rises Cor-. vs. C%* +17 '"RA 16 ;1 $ 2. .on<on 'pouses Relova v. Addio #roperties Inc.* 565 '"RA 51, 3. "athay #acific Air&ays v. Romillo* Ar. 1,1 '"RA ,51 b$ Requisites before a party may be declared in default

4. S-ouses delos S"ntos v. C"r-io, 5)1 SCR% 3() c$ (lements of valid declaration of default 5. S":l"s v. S":l"s, 526 SCR% 2(2 d$ (ffect of declaration of default ;'ec. + ;a$ Rule $ 6. on"rc, !nsur"nce v. Court of %--e"ls, 333 SCR% &1

e$ (ffect of partial default ;'ec. + ;c$ Rule $ f$ Action of the court after the declarationIorder of default ;'ec.+* Rule $

g$ Remedies of a defending party declared in default i. After notice and before judgment ;'ec. +* par. b.* Rule $ &. >ill"re"l v. Court of %--e"ls, 2(5 SCR% 511 ii. After judgment and before such judgment becomes final and e?ecutory '. $in" v. Court of %--e"ls, 135 SCR% 63& iii. After judgment becomes final and e?ecutory

Page 16 of 43

(. $"us v. Court of %--e"ls, =.R. ?o. 1)1256, h$ Implied lifting of the order of default 1). Re-u:lic v. S"ndig"n:"2"n, 54) SCR% 431 i$ j$ (?tent of relief to be a&arded ;'ec. +* par. d* Rule $

"rc, ', 1((3

"ases &hen a declarationIorder of default cannot be made ;'ec. + par. e* Rule $

'II.,. BILL OF PARTIC$LARS a$ )ill of particulars ;Rule 11$ b$ 9hen to file motion for bill of particulars ;'ec. 1* Rule 11$ c$ #urpose of the motion in civil cases- in criminal cases 1. >ir"t" vs. S"ndig"n:"2"n* 111 '"RA 51 ;1 d$ Requirements for the motion. e$ Action of the court ;'ec. 1* Rule 11$ f$ Instances &hen )ill of #articulars Allo&ed- 9hen it is improper. +$

g$ "ompliance &ith the =rder of the court granting motion for bill of particulars ;'ec. +* Rule 11$(ffect of non-compliance ;'ec. ,* Rule 11$. h$ 'tay of period to file responsive pleadings ;'ec. 5* Rule 11$ 'II./. MOTION TO DISMISS

a$ 3rounds ;'ec. 1* Rule 16$

b$ #eriod to file .otion to /ismiss ;'ec. 1* Rule 16$

c$ 9hen a motion to dismiss may be filed even after the ans&er has been served and filed

1. Heirs of >"lientes v. R"0"s, 63' SCR% 444, /ece0:er 15, 2)1)

d$ %aches as a ground for motion to dismiss.

2. +ined" v. Heirs of .liseo =uev"rr", 515 SCR% 62&, 636 e$ Res judicata as a ground for motion to dismiss

3. *.$S .nerg2 !nc. v. +rovince of B"t"ng"s, 516 SCR% 1'6, 2)1 (.1. "oncepts of res judicata 4. 5o-"cio v. B"nco *ili-ino S"vings "nd ortg"ge B"n3, 635 SCR% 5)

Page 17 of 43

(.1. (lements of Res judicata (.+. Application of Res Audicata to quasi judicial proceedings 5. Heirs of @encesl"o 5":i" v. Court of %--e"ls, 516 SCR% 431 (.,. >o res judicata in criminal proceedings

6. 5rinid"d v. #ffice of t,e #0:uds0"n, 53( SCR% 415 f$ Remedy of the defendant if the motion is denied ;'ec. ,* Rule 16$

&. /ouglas %u Hm v. 3ertrudes >abua* ,51 '"RA 1 6

g$ Remedy of the plaintiff if the motion to dismiss is granted.

h$ 9hen complaint cannot be refiled ;'ec. 5* Rule 16$

i$

(ffect of dismissal of complaint on counterclaim ;'ec. 6* 1nd par. Rule 16$

j$

(ffect of 3ranting of motion to dismiss

8$ 0earing on the motion to dismiss ;'ec. 1* Rule 16$

'. C"-ir"l v. Ro:les, =.R. ?o. 1&362', ?ov. 16, 2)11

'II.,. DISMISSAL BY T E PLAINTIFF

a$ /ismissal by mere notice of dismissal by plaintiff ;'ec.1* Rule 1!$

A.1.T&o dismissal rule - /efined.

b$ /ismissal upon motion of plaintiff ;'ec.1* Rule 1!$

).1. (ffect of dismissal upon a counterclaim already pleaded. ).1. /ismissal &ithout prejudice

c$ /ismissal due to the fault of the plaintiff ;'ec. +* Rule 1!$

".1. 3rounds for /ismissal

Page 18 of 43

".1.1.2ailure to appear- Test of 2ailure to #rosecute- Dnreasonable length of time

1. 'mith )ell and "o. v. American #resident %ines %td.* , #hil. 6!

".1.1. 2ailure to "omply &ith =rder of the "ourt

".1.+. /ismissal for failure to comply &ith discover procedure

".1.,. 2ailure to appear at #re-Trial

".+. (ffect of dismissal on the counterclaim

2. #inga v. 0eirs of 'antiago* 3.R. >o. 1!7+5,* Aune +7* 1776

d$ /ismissal of a class suit e$ /ismissal of counterclaim* cross-claim or third-party complaint ;'ec.,* Rule 1!$

'III. PRE&TRIAL AND MODES OF DISCO'ERY

'III.%. PRE&TRIAL

a$ "oncept* >ature and purpose of #re-Trial ;Rule 16$

1. Interlining "orporation v. #hilippine Trust "ompany* +!6 '"RA 511

b$ (ffect of 2ailure to conduct pre-trial

2. >ational #o&er "orp. v. Adiong* A... >o. RTA-7!-1767* Auly 1!* 1711

c$ Referral to the #hilippine .ediation "enter ;Adm. "ircular >o. 17-1771* .arch 1,* 1771A... >o. 7+-1-7 -'"* Auly 1+* 177,

d$ 0o& pre-trial is called- filing of motion by plaintiff ;'ec.1* Rule 16$

e$ 9hen motion is filed by plaintiff ;Adm. "ircular >o. +-

* Aan. 15* 1

- A... 7+-71-7 -'"$

Page 19 of 43

f$

%ast pleading file - meaning

3. 'armiento v. Auan* 117 '"RA ,7+* ,76

g$ >otice of pre-trial ;'ec. +* Rule 16$

4. Agulto v. Tecson* ,!6 '"RA + 5

h$ Appearance of parties and counsel in pre-trial ;'ec. ,* Rule 16$

5. 'enarlo v. Audge #aderanga* 61! '"RA 1,! 6. Real )an8 Inc.* v. 'amsung .abuhay "orp. 6++ '"RA 11,

0.1. 0o& non-appearance is e?cused

&. /urban Apartments "orp. v. #ioneer Insurance and 'urety "orp. 6+ '"RA ,,1

i$

(ffect of failure to appear ;'ec. 5* Rule 16$

I.1 )y the plaintiff

'. .ondonedo v. "ourt of Appeals* 151 '"RA 16

I.1 )y the defendant

(. .angelen v. "ourt of Appeals 115 '"RA 1+7 1). #aredes v. :erano* 3.R. >o. 16,+!5* =ct. 11* 1776

j$

#re-Trial )rief- 2iling and "ontents ;'ec. 6* Rule 16$

A.1. Identification and mar8ings of evidence ;A... >o. 7+-1-7 -'"* Auly 1+* 177,$

A.1. %egal effects of representations and statements in pre-trial brief

A.+. (ffect of failure to file a pre-trial brief

11. Ramos v. 'pouses %avendia* 566 '"RA 1 +

Page 20 of 43

A.,. >o termination of pre-trial for failure to settle

A.5. =ne day e?amination of &itnesses rule- .ost imporatnat &itness rule- Fuestions are to be as8ed by the judge ;A... >o. 7+-1-7 '"$

8$ Records of #re-Trial ;'ec. !* Rule 16$

4.1. #re-trial =rder- "ontents ;Adm. "ircular >o. 1-6 $ - 9hen issued ;A... >o. 7+-1-7 -'"$

1. 0eirs of "onahap v. Rega@a* ,56 '"RA !,1

4.1. Implied issues are deemed included in the pre-trial order

2. #hilippine (?port And 2oreign %oan 3uarantee "orp. v. Amalgamated .anagement and /evelopment "orp.* 3.R. >o. 1!!!1 * 'eptember 16* 1711

l$

/istinction bet&een pre-trial in civil case and in criminal case

m$ #reliminary conference under the Revised Rules on 'ummary #rocedure n$ #reliminary conference in the "ourt of Appeals

'III.,. MODES OF DISCO'ERY

a$ .eaning of discovery b$ #urpose of discovery

3. .ercader v. /)#* ++1 '"RA 61

c$

D)+y o" +7e *o)!+ in !ela+ion +o 1ode o" di#*o:e!y

d$ .odes of discovery under the Rules of "ourt

/.1. De-o#i+ion 3R)le# ,/&,;5

/.1.1. /eposition. /efined

/.1.+. /epositions pending action- leave of court &hen required ;'ec.1* Rule 1+$

Page 21 of 43

/.1.,. /eposition of a prisoner ;'ec.1* Rule 1+$

/.1.5 )efore &hom ta8en ;'ec. 17* 11* 1+* 1,* Rule 1+$

/.1.6. (?amination of the deponent ;'ec. 15* Rule 1+$

/.1.!. Dse of depositions pending action ;'ec.,* Rule 1+$

/.1.6. (ffect of substitution of parties ;'ec. 5* Rule 1+$

/.1. . (ffect of the ta8ing of deposition of a person ;'ec. !* Rule 1+$

/.1.17. (ffect of using the deposition of a person ;'ec. 6* Rule 1+$

/.1.11. =ral deposition ;'ec. 1!* 1 * 17* 11* Rule 1+$

/.1.11. /eposition upon &ritten interrogatories ;'ec. 15* 16 Rule 1+$

/.1.1+. /eposition before action ;'ec. 1* Rule 1,$

/.1.1,. #erpetuation of testimony before action ;'ec. +* ,* Rule 1,$

/.1.15. /eposition pending appeal ;'ec. !* Rule 1,$

/.1. In+e!!o.a+o!ie# +o Pa!+ie# 3R)le ,<5

/.1.1. #urposes of Interrogatories to parties ;'ec.1* Rule 15$

/.1.1. /istinguished interrogatories from a bill of particular- from deposition

/.1.+. 0o& to avail- #rocedure ;'ec.1.* +* ,* Rule 15$

/.1.,. (ffect of failure to serve &ritten interrogatories ;'ec. 6* Rule 15$

Page 22 of 43

/.+. Ad1i##ion =y Ad:e!#e Pa!+y 3R)le ,45

/.+.1. #urpose of Admission by adverse party

/.+.1. 9hen request is made

/.+.+. (ffect of not filing a &ritten request for admission ;'ec.5* Rule 16$

/.+.,. (ffect of failure to file and serve a s&orn statement of denial ;'ec. 1* Rule 16$

/.+.5. (ffect of admission ;'ec. +* Rule 16$

/.+.6. /eferment of compliance ;'ec. 1* par. 1* Rule 16$

/.+.!. 9ithdra&al of admission ;'ec.,* Rule 16$

/.,. P!od)*+ion o! In#-e*+ion o" Do*)1en+# o! T7in.# 3R)le ,>5

/.,.1. #urpose ;'ec.1$

/.,.1. 2iling of a motion- order of the court

/.,.+. #rivileged /ocuments

1. Air #hilippines "orp. v. #enns&ell* Inc.* 5,7 '"RA 115

/.5. P7y#i*al and Men+al E9a1ina+ion o" Pe!#on# 3R)le ,?5

/.5.1. Applicability ;'ec.1* Rule 16$

/.5.1. #rocedure ;'ec. 1* +* Rule 16$

/.5.+. 9aiver of #rivilege

/.6. Re")#al +o Co1-ly 2i+7 +7e Mode# o" Di#*o:e!y 3R)le ,@5

Page 23 of 43

/.6.1. Refusal to ans&er any question upon oral e?amination ;'ec.1* Rule 1 $

/.6.1. Refusal to ans&er designated or particular questions or refusal to produce documents or things to submit to physical or mental e?amination ;'ec.+* Rule 1 $

/.6.+. Refusal to be s&orn ;'ec. 1* Rule 1 $

/.6.,. Refusal to Admit ;'ec. ,* Rule 1 $

/.6.5. 2ailure to attend depositions or to serve ans&ers to &ritten interrogatories ;'ec.5* Rule 1 $

2. Gepeda v. "hina )an8ing "orp.* 3.R. >o. 1!11!5* =ct. * 1776

e$ A%T(R>ATI:( /I'#DT( R('=%DTI=> ;Rep. Act. 165$

IA.

INTER'ENTION 3R)le %@5

a$ 9ho may intervene ;'ec.1* Rule 1 $

b$ "oncept* >ature and #urposes

c$ Requisites of Intervention 1. %abrador v. "ourt of Appeals* 167 '"RA 166

d$ 9hen intervention disallo&ed

2. 3ibson v. Revilla* 1 '"RA 11 ;1 ! $ 3. %a<atin v. "ampos* 1 '"RA 157 ;1 ! $

e$ (ffect of /enial of the .otion to intervene- Remedy from /enial

4. 'a& v. "ourt of Appeals. 1 5 '"RA 1!7

Page 24 of 43

f$

Time to Intervene ;'ec. 1* Rule 1 $

g$ Intervention even after judgment

5. /irector of %ands v. "ourt of Appeals* + '"RA 1+6

h$ 0o& a person may intervene ;'ec.1* Rule 1 $

A.

S$BPOENA

a$ 4inds of 'ubpoena ;'ec.1* Rule 11$

i. ii.

'ubpoena ad testificandum 'ubpoena duces tecum

b$ )y &hom issued ;'ec. 1* Rule 11$

c$ 2orms and contents ;'ec. +* Rule 11$

1. Dniversal Rubber #roducts* Inc. v. "ourt of Appeals*et.al.* 115 '"RA 65* 1 2. Roco v. "ontreras* 3.R. >o. 1561!5* Aune 16* 1775 d$ Fuashing a subpoena- 3rounds ;'ec. ,* Rule 11$

e$ 'ubpoena for deposition ;'ec. 5* Rule 11$

f$

'ervice of a subpoena- manner ;'ec. 6* Rule 11$

g$ "ompelling attendance ;'ec. 6* Rule 11$

h$ 2ailure to obey subpoena - contempt ;'ec. * Rule 11$

i$

(?ceptions to 'ection 6 and

of Rule 11 ;'ec. 17* Rule 11$

AI.

TRIAL, DEM$RRER TO E'IDENCE AND J$DGMENT

A.%. TRIAL

Page 25 of 43

a$ >ature of Trial 1. Acosta v. #eople* 5 '"RA !!,

b$ Trial and hearing* distinguished.

2. Trocio v. %abayo* 5+ '"RA !* 177 c$ 9hen case ready for trial

3. #rincipe v. (ria* 7 #hil. 66, d$ 9hen trial is unnecessary.

e$ >otice of Trial ;'ec. 1* Rule +7$

f$

"alendaring of "ases ;Rule 17$

(.1. #references ;'ec.1$ (.1. Assignment of "ases ;'ec. 1$

g$ 'ession 0ours ;Adm. "ircular >o. +-+ * Aanuary 15* 1

h$ Adjournments and postponements ;'ec. 1* Rule +7$

3.1. %imitation on the authority to adjourn

4. Republic v. 'andiganbayan* +71 '"RA 1+!* 1,5 i$ #ostponement on the grounds of illness of party or counsel- Requisites ;'ec. ,* Rule +7$

j$

#ostponement on the grounds of absences of evidence- Requisites ;'ec. +* Rule +7$

5. .il&au8ee Industries v. "ourt of Ta? Appeals* 6+6 '"RA !7* >ov. 1,* 1717.

8$ =rder of Trial* ;'ec. 5* Rule +7$

4.1. =rders in "hambers

4.1. =rder of Trials maybe "hanged

Page 26 of 43

6. Hu v. .apayo* ,, '"RA 16+ 4.+. #resentation of Additional (vidence

l$

Agreed statement of facts- >o proof required ;'ec. 6* Rule +7$

m$ 'tatement of judgment ;'ec. !* Rule +7$

n$ 'uspension of Actions ;'ec. 6* Rule +7$

o$ Audge to receive evidence- delegation to cler8 of court - Requisites ;'ec. * Rule +7$

J.1.1. Con#olida+ion o! Se:e!an*e

a$ /efine ;'ec. 1* Rule +1$

b$ Three &ays of "onsolidation

&. 'ala<ar v. "2I of %aguna* 6, #hil. !65 '. #hil. Airlines* Inc. and 2ar (astern Air Transport v. Teodoro and "apitol 'ubdivision Inc.* ! #hil. ,61 (. /elta .otors 'ales "orp. v. .angosing* !7 '"RA 5 1). 'uperlines Transportation "o. v. :ictor* 11, '"RA + 11. 'teel "orporation of the #hils. v. (quitable #"I-)an8* Inc.* 6+5 '"RA ,7+ c$ "onsolidation of "ivil and "riminal cases- allo&ed ;'ec. 1 ;a$ Rule 111 of 1 65 "riminal #rocedure$

12. Republic v. "ourt of Appeals* 116 '"RA 575

d$ 9hen consolidation mandatory

13. #hilippine 'avings )an8 v. .a@alac* 3.R. >o. 1,5,,1* April 16* 1775 e$ 'eparate trials ;'ec.1* Rule +1$

J.1.1. TRIAL BY COMMISSIONER

a$ "ommissioner /efined.

b$ "onsent of all parties necessary. Reference &ithout consent void. ;'ec. 1* Rule +1$

Page 27 of 43

14. #hilippine 'avings )an8 v. .a@alac* 3.R. >o. 1,5,,1* April 16* 1775 c$ Reference ordered on motion ;'ec. 1* Rule +1$

".1. 'ituation &hen reference may be made. ".1. #ractice of /elegation to "ler8 of "ourt

15. Apurillo v. 3arciano* 16 '"RA 175, d$ =rder of reference- po&er of commissioners ;'ec. +* Rule +1$

e$ =ath of "ommissioner. ;'ec. ,* Rule +1$

16. #erlas v. (hrman* 5+ #hil. 67!

f$

Refusal of &itness ;'ec. !* Rule +1$

g$ "ommissioner shall avoid delay ;'ec. 6* Rule +1$ h$ >otice to parties of the filing of report- &hen to file objections- (ffect of failure to object ;'ec. 17* Rule +1$ i$ j$ 0earing upon request- 2ailure to set the commissionerBs report for hearing. ;'ec. 11* Rule +1$ 'tipulations as to findings. ;'ec. 11* Rule +1$

8$ "ompensation of commissioners ;'ec. 1+* Rule +1$

A.,. DEM$RRER TO E'IDENCE 3R)le //5

a$ "oncept and Rationale of Rule.

1&. "elino v. 0eirs of Alejo and Teresita 'antiago* ,+5 'cra 6 7 1'. 'iyangco v. "ostibolo* 1! '"RA 1!1* b$ /emurrer to (vidence distinguished from .otion to /ismiss in Rule 16.

1(.

5,e "nil" B"n3ing Cor-. vs. 1niversit2 of B"guio, !nc. * 3.R.>o. 15 16 * 2ebruary 11* 177!

c$ 'tage of the proceedings &hen demurrer to evidence is availed of ;'ec.1* Rule ++$

Page 28 of 43

d$ 3rounds for /emurrer to (vidence 2). Republic v. Tuvera* 516 '"RA 11+ e$ (ffect of /enial of /emurrer to evidence

21. >orth&est Airlines* Inc. v. "ourt of Appeals* 16, '"RA ,16 22. 4atigba8 v. 'andiganbayan* ,75 '"RA 556 23. 3ementi<a v. "=.(%("* +5+ '"RA !1, f$ (ffect of 3ranting of the /emurrer to (vidence

24. Radio&ealth 2inance "orp. v. /el Rosario* ++5 '"RA 166 25. "onsolidated )an8 and Trust "orporation v. /el .onte .otor 9or8s* Inc.* ,65 '"RA 11! g$ /emurrer in a civil case as distinguished from demurrer in criminal case

A./. J$DGMENT

a$ .eaning of Audgment

26. .acahilig v. 0eirs of .agalit* +,, '"RA 6+6* 6,6 2&. 'ocial Austice 'ociety v. Atien<a* 5,5 '"RA 1* 11, b$ Requisites of valid Audgment

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Acosta v. "=.(%("* 1 + '"RA 5!6 #ablo-3ualberto v. 3ualberto :* ,61 '"RA ,57 >aguiat v. >%R"* 16 '"RA 56, .iguel v. A"T 3roup* Inc. ,5+ '"RA 51 3uevarra v. 'andiganbayan* ,5, '"RA +!1

c$ "onflict bet&een the dispositive portion and body of the decision

6. .orales v. "ourt of Appeals* ,61 '"RA +, &. 'o v. 2ood 2est %and Inc.* 6,1 '"RA 5 1* 2ebruary * 1711

d$ Ambiguity in the judgment- clarificatory judgment

e$ Interlocutory =rders. /efine.

'. Rudecon .angament "orp. v. 'ingson* ,5, '"RA 611

(.1. Fuestioning Interlocutory =rders

Page 29 of 43

(. 'ilverio v. 2ilipino )usiness "onsultants* ,66 '"RA 56,

f$

.emorandum /ecisions- /efine.

1). =ng "hia 4&an v. "ourt of Appeals* +,5 '"RA 566

g$ Rendition of Audgment. .eaning. ;Rule +6$

11. "astro v. .ala<o*

'"RA 16,

h$ #eriod to render decision. ;Art. :III* 'ec. 15* "onstitution of the #hilippines

12. #lata v. Torres* 5!7 '"RA 11

0.1. (?tension of period to render judgment

13. Arap v. .ustafa* +! '"RA 1

i$

Rule on 'tare /ecisis

14. 0ortencia v. "uenca* ,56 '"RA +77

j$

=biter /ictum

15. Ayala "orp. v. Rosa-/iana Realty* +,6 '"RA 66+

8$ 9hen judgment becomes final ;'ec. 1* Rule + $

4.1. 2inal judgment versus interlocutory order ;'ec.1* Rule +6$

16. #hilippine )usiness )an8 v. "hua* 6+, '"RA 6+5

l$

"onclusiveness of Audgment ;Immutability of Audgment$

1&. Arra Realty "orp. v. #aces International "orp.* 6+6 '"RA ++

%.1. Reasons for the rule on conclusiveness of judgment

Page 30 of 43

%.1. T&o-fold purposes of immutability of judgment

%.+. (?ceptions to the rule on immutability of judgments

m$ Rules on Amendment of Audgment

i. ii.

)efore finality After finality

..1. /ifference bet&een an Amended Audgment and a 'upplemental Audgment

1'. A<nar III* et.al. v. )ernard et.al.* 161 '"RA 1!6

n$ Res judicata effect of final judgment or final order

>.1. T&o aspects of Res Audicata

o$ (ffect of :oid Audgments ;the doctrine of total nullity$

1(. .9'' v. 'ison* 11, '"RA + ,

p$ 'everal Audgment ;'ec. ,* Rule +6$

2). 2ernando v. 'antamaria* ,,6 '"RA 1+6

q$ 'eparate Audgment ;'ec. 5* Rule +6$

r$

"onditional Audgment* meaning.

21. "u-Dnjieng v. .abalacat 'ugar "o.* !7 #hil. +6,

s$ Audgment 'in #erjuicio* meaning.

22. /irector of %ands v. 'an<* ,5 #hil. 11!

t$

Audgment nunc pro tunc ;literally Cno& for thenC$* define.

Page 31 of 43

23. )riones-:asque< v. "ourt of Apeals* ,57 '"RA ,61

u$ Audgment upon compromise* define.

24. /iamond )uilders "onglomeration v. "ountry )an8ers "orp.* 5,7 '"RA 1 , 25. #hilippine Aournalist* Inc. v. >%R"* 571 '"RA !5

v$ Audgment upon a confession ;"ognovit Actionem$

&$ Audgment against entity &ithout juridical personality ;'ec. 6* Rule +6$

?$ (ntry of Audgment- date thereof ;'ec. 1* Rule +6$

J.1. Relevance of 8no&ing the date of (ntry of Audgment.

y$ J)d.1en+ on +7e -leadin.#

H.1. >ature- .otion Required ;'ec.1* Rule +,$

H.1. 3rounds for judgment on the pleadings

H.+. "ases &here judgment on the pleadings &ill not apply

<$ S)11a!y J)d.1en+ G.1. >ature of summary judgment ;'ec. 1* Rule +5$ G.1. 'ummary judgment* &hen rendered. G.+. /istinctionsK i. 2rom judgment on the pleadings

26. >arra Intergrated "orp. v. "ourt of Appeals* +,, '"RA !61

ii.

2rom a motion to dismiss

G.,. :alidity of 'ummary Audgment ;'ec. +* Rule +,$

G.5. 'ummary Audgment- 9hen not granted.

Page 32 of 43

2&. Roque v. (ncarnacion* 5 #hil. 6,+ 2'. 3atchalian v. #avilin* et.al. 6 '"RA 576

AII.

POST J$DGMENT REMEDIES

AII.%. BEFORE J$DGMENT BECOMES FINAL

A. MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION 3R$LE />5

a$ =bject of the motion. b$ 9hen to file ;'ec. 1* Rule +!$- >o e?tension ;'ec. 1* Rule ,7* 'ec. +* Rule ,1$

1. /elos 'antos v. (li<alde* 51, '"RA 1, 2. 0eirs of .endo<a v. "ourt of Appeals* 565 '"RA 576

c$ (ffect of filing of the motion on the period to appeal ;'ec. 1* Rule ,7- 'ec. +* Rule ,1$

d$ 3rounds for .otion for Reconsideration ;'ec. 1* Rule +!$

e$ (ffect &hen motion is denied- =rder of /enial not appealable. ;'ec. * Rule +!$

f$

(ffect of granting a motion for reconsideration ;'ec. +* Rule +!$

3. (squivel v. Alegre* 1!1 '"RA +15

g$ #artial Reconsideration ;'ec. !* Rule +!$

h$ 'ingle motion rule ;'ec. 5* Rule +!$

i$

.otion for reconsideration in summary procedure ;'ec. 1 LcM* I:* 1 on 'ummary #rocedure and 'mall "laims ;'ec. 1, LcM$

1 Revised Rules

B. MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL 3R$LE />5

a$ >ature of ne& trial.

Page 33 of 43

b$ 9hen to file ;'ec.1* Rule +!$

c$ (ffect of filing of the motion on the period to appeal ;'ec. 1* Rule ,7- 'ec. +* Rule ,1$

d$ 2orm of a motion for ne& trial. ;'ec. 1* Rule +!$

e$ 3rounds for a motion for ne& trial. ;'ec. 1* Rule +!$

i. ii.

2RAD/* A""I/(>T* .I'TA4(* (J"D'A)%( >(3%I3(>"( ;2A.($ >e&ly discover evidence

ii.1. RequisitesK

4. Hbiernas v. Tanco-3abaldon* 3.R. >o. 1!6 15* Aune 1* 1711

f$

Affidavit of .erit- 3ross >egligence of counsel not a ground.

5. Dy v. 2irst .etro Integrated 'teel "orp.*57+ '"RA !11

g$ Resolution of the motion ;'ec. ,* Rule +!$

h$ /enial of the motion- fresh period rule- =rder of denial not appealable ;'ec. * Rule +!$

6. >eypes v. "ourt of Appeals* ,6 '"RA 6++

i$

Remedy &hen motion is denied

j$

(ffect of granting the motion for ne& trial ;'ec. 6* Rule +!$

8$ #artial >e& Trial ;'ec. !* Rule +!- 'ec. 6* Rule +!$

l$

'econd motion for ne& trial ;'ec. 5* Rule +!$

m$ .otion for ne& trial in summary procedure ;'ec. 1 NcO I:* 1 #rocedures and 'mall "laims ;'ec. 1, NcO$

1 Revised Rules on 'ummary

Page 34 of 43

C. APPEALS

a$ 3eneral principles on appeal

&. 'tolt >ielsen v. >%R"* ,!! '"RA 516 '. "anton v. "ity of "ebu* 515 '"RA ,,1 (. Association of Integrated 'ecurity 2orce of )islig-A%D v. "ourt of Appeals* ,6! '"RA ,6+

b$ Audgments or orders not appealable ;'ec. 1* Rule ,1$

).1. Remedy in case the judgment or final order is not appealable ;'ec. * Rule +!$

c$ Issues that may be raised on appeal

1). "ommissioner of Internal Revenue v. .igrant #agbilao "orp.* 57, '"RA ,6,

d$ 9hen errors not raised on appeal may be considered

11. /y vs. >%R"* 1,5 '"RA 111 12. "omilang v. )urcena* ,61 '"RA +,1

e$ #ayment of doc8et fee

13. Regalado v. 3o* 51, '"RA 616 14. )uenaflor v. "ourt of Appeals* +,6 '"RA 56+

f$

Record on appeal- >otice of Appeal ;'ec. 1NaO* Rule ,1$

15. Roman "atholic Archbishop of .anila v. "ourt of Appeals* 156 '"RA 166

g$ /ismissal of Appeal- "ourt of Appeals ;'ec.1* Rule 57$- 'upreme "ourt ;'ec.5* Rule 56$

16. The 3overnment of the 4ingdom of )elgium v. "ourt of Appeals* 551 '"RA 11+ 1&. )eatingo v. 3asis* 6,1 '"RA 5+

A--eal "!o1 M)ni*i-al T!ial Co)!+ +o +7e Re.ional T!ial Co)!+ 3R)le ;65

Page 35 of 43

a$ b$ c$ d$ e$ f$ g$

9here to appeal ;'ec. 1$ 9hen to appeal ;'ec. 1$ 0o& to appeal ;'ec. +$ #erfection of appeal ;'ec. ,$ 'ee Rule ,1* 'ec. Appellate court and other la&ful fees ;'ec. 5$ 'ame as Rule ,1* 'ec. , #rocedure in RT" ;'ec. !$ Appeal from .T" order dismissing case i. &ithout trial on the merits ;'ec. 6* par. 1$ ii. &ith trial on the merits ;'ec. 6. par. 1$ 1'. +rovost vs. C%, 3.R. >o. 167,76* Aune 16* 1776 1(. .nc"rn"cion vs. %0igo, 3.R. >o. 16 ! +* 'eptember 15* 1776

A--eal "!o1 Re.ional T!ial Co)!+ +o +7e Co)!+ o" A--eal# 3R)le ;%5 a$ 'ubject of appeal ;'ec. 1$ b$ >on-appealable ordersA... >o. 7!-!-11-'" ;dated /ecember ,* 177! P too8 effect on /ecember 1!* 177!$ P Amendments to Rules ,1* ,5* 56 and 65 c$ .odes of appeal ;'ec. 1$ d$ #eriod of ordinary appeal ;'ec. +$ e$ Interrupted by timely .>T or .R f$ >o motion for e?tension of time to file .>T or .R

g$ .R filed on last day of 15-day period 2). "nil" e0ori"l +"r3 vs. C%* +,, '"RA !6 ;1771$

h$ >e& rule on appeal after denial of .R or .>T 21. ?e2-es vs. C%* ,6 '"RA 6++ ;1775$ i$ 9hen appeal allo&ed even if period to appealhas e?pired 22. 5r"ns !ntern"tion"l vs. C%* 165 '"RA , ;1 6$

j$

RT" cannot dismiss appeal on ground that only questions of la& involved 23. ;,o vs. C"0"c,o* 17, '"RA 157 ;1 1$

8$ Appellee &ho has not appealed may not obtain affirmative relief from appellate court 24. Custodio vs. C%* 15+ '"RA ,6+ ;1 l$ 6$

(?ception P &hen there is solidarity in obligations 25. Cit2trust B"n3ing Cor-. vs. C%* 1 6 '"RA 55+ ;1 1$

m$ #erfection of appeal ;'ec. * 1st and 1nd pars.$ n$ %oss of jurisdiction ;'ec. * +rd and ,th pars.$ o$ Residual po&ers ;'ec. * 5th par.$ p$ /ismissal of appeal ;'ec. 1+$ a. late fiiing

Page 36 of 43

b. non-payment of doc8et and other la&ful fees ORDINARY APPEALED CASES 3R$LE ;;5 a$ 'cope and title of cases- "ases appealed to the "ourt of Appeals under Rule ,1. b$ AppellantBs brief ;'ec. !* Rule ,1$ ).1. 9hen to filec$ AppelleeBs brief ;'ec. 6* Rule ,1$ ".1. 9hen to filed$ "ontents of AppellantBs )rief;'ec. 1+* Rule ,1$- AppelleeBs )rief ;'ec. 1,* Rule ,1$ e$ Fuestions that may be raised on appeal- (?ceptions ;'ec. 15* Rule ,1$

Pe+i+ion "o! Re:ie2 "!o1 Re.ional T!ial Co)!+ +o +7e Co)!+ o" A--eal# 3R)le ;,5 . a$ Appeal from RT" decision rendered in the e?ercise of its appellate jurisdiction 26. Ross Ric" S"les Center, !nc. vs. #ng, =.R. ?o. 1321(&, %ugust 16, 2))5 b$ #ure questions of la& may be raised ;'ec. 1$ 2&. "c"9i9ili =old ining "nd /evt. Co, !nc.vs. C%* 1 ! '"RA 671 ;1 6$

c$ (ffect of failure to comply &ith requirements ;'ec. +$ d$ Action by court ;'ec. ,$ a. Require filing of comment or b. /ismiss petition outright e$ 9hen petition given due course ;'ec. 6$ 2'. /itc,ing vs. C%* 16+ '"RA +,+ ;1 f$ #erfection of appeal ;'ec. 6* 1st par.$ g$ %oss of jurisdiction ;'ec. 6* 1nd par.$ h$ Residual po&ers ;'ec. 6* +rd par.$ i$ (ffect of appeal ;'ec. 6* ,th par.$ 3eneral ruleK shall 'TAH judgment or final order (?ceptionsK a. civil cases decided under the Rule on 'ummary #rocedure b. &hen "A* la& or Rules of "ourt provide other&ise 6$

APPEALS FROM T E CO$RT OF TAA APPEALS AND B$ASI&J$DICIAL AGENCIES TO T E CO$RT OF APPEALS 3R$LE ;/5 a$ 'cope ;'ec.1$ 2(. *":i"n vs. /esierto* 1 5 '"RA ,,7 ;1 6$ b$ =mbudsman criminal cases P 'upreme "ourt via Rule 65 3). ="rci"-Rued" vs. +"sc"sio* 1!6 '"RA 16 ;1 c$ "ases not covered ;'ec. 1$ 31. St. "rtin *uner"l Ho0e vs. ?$RC, 1 5 '"RA , , ;1 6$ !$

d$ /ecisions of 'ecretary of %abor and /irector of )ureau of %abor Relations P petition for certiorari to "A under Rule 65

Page 37 of 43

e$ /ecisions of /=A 'ecretary in petitions for revie& prosecutorsQ resolutions P petition for certiorari to "A under Rule 65 f$ 32. S"ntos vs. =o* ,!+ '"RA +57 ;1775$ >ot applicable &here there is error of jurisdiction 33. *ortic, vs. Coron"* 16 '"RA 61, ;1 g$ 9here to appeal ;'ec. +$ h$ #ure questions of la& may be raised i$ j$ #eriod of appeal ;'ec. ,$ 0o& appeal ta8en ;'ec. 5$ 6$

8$ 2orm and contents ;'ec. 6$ l$ (ffect of failure to comply &ith requirements ;'ec. !$ - sufficient ground for dismissal

m$ Action by court ;'ec. 6$ a. Require fiing of comment or b. /ismiss petition outright n$ 9hen petition given due course ;'ec. 17$ o$ (ffect of appeal ;'ec.11$ 3eneral ruleK shall >=T 'TAH a&ard* judgment* final order or resolution (?ceptionsK a. &hen "A directs other&ise b. &hen the la& directs other&ise ;additional e?ception$ 34. $"-id vs. C%* ++, '"RA !+6 ;1777 APPEAL BY CERTIORARI TO T E S$PREME CO$RT 3R)le ;<5 a$ Application of Rule ,5

35. 2ive 'tar .ar8eting "o.*Inc. v. )ooc* 5+5 '"RA 16

b$ >ot a matter of right ;'ec. 6* Rule ,5$

36. #eople v. 2lores* ,61 '"RA ,51

c$ Fuestions of la&- Fuestions of fact

3&. "o v. :argas* 3.R. >o. 1 516!* >ov. 16* 1711 3'. 0eirs of 2eraren v. "ourt of Appeals* 3.R. >o. 15 +16* =ct. 5* 1711 3(. Republic v. .alabanan* 3.R. >o. 16 76!* =ct. 6* 1717

d$ 2indings of facts- not ordinarily revie&ed

4). Tayco v. 0eirs of Tayco-2lores* 6+! '"RA !,1 41. .eneses v. :enturo<o* 3.R. >o. 1!11 6* =ct. 1 * 1711

Page 38 of 43

e$ 9hen questions of facts may be passed upon in a Rule ,5 petition

42. >atividad v. .TR")* 5,7 '"RA 11,* 1+5

f$

9hen to appeal ;'ec. 1* Rule ,5$

g$ 0o& to Appeal ;'ec. 1* Rule ,5$

AII.%. BEFORE J$DGMENT BECOMES FINAL

A.

Pe+i+ion "o! Relie" "!o1 J)d.1en+#, O!de!# o! O+7e! P!o*eedin.# 3R$LE /?5 a$ b$ c$ d$ e$ f$ g$ h$ i$ j$ 8$ l$ m$ n$ o$ p$ q$ r$ s$ t$ u$ 3rounds and nature ;'ecs. 1* 1$ Requires final judgment or loss of appeal "an this remedy be availed of in the "ourt of AppealsR Time for filing ;'ec. +$ 'trictly follo&ed 1. .scuet" vs. $i0* 3.R. >o. 1+!161* Aanuary 1,* 177! "ontents Affidavit of merit ;'ec. +$ 9hen motion for reconsideration considered as petitionfor relief Action of court before ans&er #o&er to deny ;'ec. ,$ #reliminary injunction pending proceedinsg ;'ec. 5$ =rder to file ans&er ;'ec. ,$ #rocedure Availability of preliminary injunction ;'ec. 5$ #roceedings after ans&er is filed ;'ec. 6$ 9here denial of appeal is set aside ;'ec. !$ Action of court after giving due course 3rant of petition for relief ;'ec. !$ /enial of petition for relief ;Rule ,1* 'ec. 1 ;b$$ Remedies after petition for relief e?pires Reopening not allo&ed 2. %lvendi" vs. !%C* 161 '"RA 161

B. Ann)l1en+ o" J)d.1en+ 3R$LE ;>5 a$ 9hen remedy available b$ 9here applicable 3. +eo-le vs. Bit"ng"* 3.R. >o. 15 111* Aune 16* 177! 4. *r"gin"l vs. +"r"n"l* 3.R. >o. 15717!* 2ebruary 11* 177! 5. =r"nde vs. 1niversit2 of t,e +,ili--ines* 3.R. >=. 1,6,56* 'eptember 15* 1776 c$ 3rounds ;'ec. 1$ 6. Cos0ic $u0:er Cor-. vs. C%* 165 '"RA 166 ;1 d$ 9here petition filed ;'ecs. 1* 17$ e$ #eriod for filing ;'ec. +$ f$ %aches &. "rcelino vs. C%* 117 '"RA ,,, ;1 1$ 6$

g$ #arties and contents ;'ec. ,$

Page 39 of 43

h$ .ay be filed by a non-party to the judgment i$ Available even if judgment has been e?ecuted ;'ec. $ '. !sl"0ic /"A@", Council of t,e +,ils. vs. C%* 1!6 '"RA 1!6;1 6 $ j$ Action by the court ;'ec. 5$

8$ #rocedure ;'ec. 6$ l$ (ffect of judgment ;'ec. !$ m$ 'uspension of prescriptive period ;'ec. 6$ AIII. EAEC$TION AND SATISFACTION OF J$DGMEN+ a$ Audgment or final order ;'ec. 1$ b$ %osing party must first receive notice of the judgment before the court or its personnel can e?ecute the Audgment 1. #ffice of t,e Court %d0inistr"tor vs. Cor-u6* ,11 '"RA 1 c$ 4inds of e?ecution i. According to nature a. .atter of right ;'ec. 1$ - enforceable by mandamus b. /iscretionary ;'ec. 1$ ii. According to mode of enforcement a. )y motion ;'ec. 6* first sentence$ b. )y independent action ;'ec. 6* 1nd sentence$ ;177+$

d$ Audgments &hich are immediately e?ecutor

e$ /iscretionary e?ecution ;e?ecution pending appeal$ ;'ecs.1* +* 5$

i.

9hen and &here to file motion

a. )efore appeal perfected P &ith trial court b. After appeal perfected P &ith appellate court

ii.

Trial court can grant motion for e?ecution pendingappeal even after perfection of appeal ;'ec. * last par.$

f$

3rounds of motion for e?ecution pending appeal ;'ec. 1;a$*last par.$

g$ (?ecution pending appeal applies to election cases.

2. B"l"Bond" vs. C# .$.C* 3.R. >o. 1667+1* 2ebruary 16* 1775 h$ 'tay of e?ecution pending appeal ;'ec. +$

Page 40 of 43

)onds in e?ecution a. )ond filed by judgment debtor to stay e?ecution pending appeal P supersedeas bond ;'ec. +$ b. )ond of judgment obligor to enable sheriff to continueholding levied property after affidavit of third party claimfiled &ith him ;'ec. 16$ i$ (ffect of reversal of e?ecuted judgment on appeal ;'ec. 5$

j$

.odes of e?ecution ;'ec. 6$ i. ii. )y motion &ithin 5 years from date of entry of judgment )y independent action called Srevival of judgmentT after 5 years and before it is barred by statute of limitations

8$ (?ecution in case of death of party

l$

%ifetime of &rit of e?ecution ;'ec. 1,$ 3. 7"l"ndoni vs. +?B* 176 '"RA 171 ;1 61$

m$ (?ecution of judgments for money* ho& enforced ;'ec. $ i. ii. Immediate payment on demand 'atisfaction by levy

n$ .eaning of levy

4. *iest"n vs. C%* 165 '"RA !51 ;1

7$

o$ (?ecution of money judgments under Rule + * 'ec.

P promissory note not allo&ed.

5. /"gooc vs. .rlin", %. . ?o. +-)4-1'5& (for0erl2 #C% !.+.!. "rc, 16, 2))5 p$ (ffect of levy on e?ecution as to third persons ;'ec. 11$

?o. )2-142(-+),

6. C"0-illo vs. C%* 11 '"RA 51+ ;1 6,$

n$ 3arnishment of debts and credits >.1. .eaning of garnishment &. "nil" Re0n"nt Co., !nc. vs. C%* 1+1 '"RA 161 ;1 ,$

>.1. 3arnishment of ban8 deposits - does not violate ban8 secrecy la& ;RA 1,75$ >.+. 3arnishment of public funds o$ Third party claim ;'ec. 16$ i. 0o& made

Page 41 of 43

ii.

9ho acts on the claimR

p$ If disapproved* remedies of third party claimant - file separate action to determine title or right of possession - file complaint for damages against bond filed by judgment creditor q$ 'ale on e?ecution ;'ec. 15$

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

Real property #ersonal property In all cases "onveyance of property sold to highest bidder* ho& made ;'ecs. 1+* 1,* 15* 16$

r$

Redemption ;'ecs. 1!* 16$ i. Right of redemption a. #ersonal property b. Real property ii. 9ho may redeemR ;'ec. 1!$

iii.

Audgment obligor or his successor in interest

iv. v. vi.

"reditor &ho is a redemptioner

Time and manner of* and amounts payable on* successive redemption* etc. ;'ec. 16$

vii.

Audgment debtor ;or his successor in interest$* if e?ercising redemption ahead of mere redemptioner P &ithin 1 year from date of registration of sheriffQs certificate of sale ;&ith Register of /eeds$

viii.

Redemptioner e?ercising redemption ahead ofjudgment debtor ;or his successor in interest$ P &ithin 1 year from date of registration of certificate of sale

i?.

Redemptioner redeeming from another redemptioner P &ithin 67 days after the last redemption

?.

/eed and possession after e?piration of redemption period

?i.

;'ec. ++$ #urchaser or last redemptioner entitled toK

Page 42 of 43

s$ 9hen &rit of possession may be issued.

t$

Issuance of &rit of possession P ministerial duty- pendency of civil case to annul foreclosure immaterial

u$ (ntry of satisfaction of judgment by cler8 of court ;'ec. ,,$

v$ (ffects of judgments and final orders ;'ec. ,!$ '. /el Ros"rio vs *"r ."st B"n3 "nd 5rust Co0-"n2 * 3.R. >o. 1571+,* =ctober +1* 177!

Page 43 of 43