er Rodica RAD' CURS DE LIMBA ENGLEZA PENTRU INVATAMANTU|43. MIOARA MINCU Ju tODICA RADU Sais fs Pres °.\ CURS DE LIMBA ENGLEZA _ PENTRU INVATAMANTUL MEDICAL Coordonator colectie: Dr. MIOARA MINCU director al Scolii Sanitare Postliceale , CAROL DAVILA“ Baditia a Tea EDITURA CORINT BUCURESTI - 1998PREFATA Tata eft jt a nsugiea inbiengleze at de cre spect cae tue sau vor Toes tn donenilocrti sna et 9 de ees pevtoa lila t ete neceas cnosyeea nim gate de esi Ted, Ge acordatea ul pm Sor sso tnuscea jospet on medicameat realiat de mati Gime sare foloes, de cise acces lamb de lnc culate ltemational Lucrates se adresetod dei clviloy stuention,assenflor medica, recor, famnacitlor,presum si tturr clo intessat 1a dobtndcasl oa ‘aipeectoneze mln de comtncwe dchinti ale gine mesele mai sa even co se cesta carl ‘orboll infections, presi potspesivele lerapeue le cesar ‘Sig et onto aprafundare stoi a nb nglee a secomandion sk acta lao serie de first de rele, cum arf se aber de Dostana Prot Mariana Tran Rati sa de regret Pro, Duesu, la dctionre de cle sn variate pte ia grate ee. De ce este atit de important si cunoastem lira englea8, mai ales tn specialitatea noastti, ne-au dovedit-o nenumiratele contracts ale absolventilot Scolii Santare Posticeale ,Carol Davis", obtinute att in file Comonitat ‘Europene, cat sii S.U.A., nde scoala este deosebit co apreciati. De asemene, suecesul tnor colaborii dine Confederatia National a Femeilor din Roménia fi alte organizati non-guvemamentale din tii de limba engleza ne-a convins {nod o dat edt de necesarl este insusirea acest’ limb ‘Se cuvine si remarcim si fapful c& aoest talat mai special ne deschide REMEMBER: [there is / there are = se afli, exist] ‘There is a book on the table. Are there a lot of people in the street? madera Noles ane GRAMMAR NUMBERS = ma ae 3 tel thee fetid eae foe cement eee fre te tea = cui @ Oe = ee ae Py © bao oe cae eat a thet eh Sea tears eis fae tema eae fc ccareem| Ete a pe ae cee one ade seas eel orion ie 2 aren ase fiydour —naenara fossa) SG) uccoiesiarm on pares fon 21 martie 1992 - the twenty-first of March, nineteen ninety-two Write: 21 March 1992Exercises 1. What's today ? / tomorrow ? 2. When is your birthday ? 3. When is your father’s / mother's / birthday ? 4, What day was yesterday ? 5. If today is Friday, what’ tomorrow ? the day after tomorrow? S. seven days 6. fifty-two weeks = 10. How tall are you? 11. How much do you weigh 7 12, What time ds the shops close / open ? 13. When does your holiday start? 14, How much do you pay for your rent ? 15. How much does a ear cost? 16. Say these dates: 8 May 1987 / 19 December 1986 14 January 1876 16 July 1997 11 martie 1996/5 februarie 1897/ 3 aprilie 1995 117. Which is the 3rd month of the year? 18. But the 5th? 19: When are days shorter than nights ? 20, Which isthe shortest month of the year?” [THE DEFINITE ARTICLE - THE ‘You use the Definite Article - The + to talk about something already known: ‘There is a table in the kitchen and on the table there are some plates. ~ with geographical names (mountains rivers) and certain buildings: the Alps, the Black Sea, the Danube the National Theatre, the Art Museum + when there is only one: the president, the government You don’t use an article: + with plurals and tncountable nouns when you talk about things in general: Tt has got cazpets and curtains. I never take sugar in my tea. ‘There is money on the table. I hate snow and cold days,"with ceriain expressions: at home, at work, at hospital - with meals, Ianguages, most countries, most towns: Let us have lunch ‘Speak English ! We live in Bucharest. Bucharest is in Romania. PLURALS ‘You form the plural of nouns in most cases with“: door - doors, girl - girls boy - boys vowel 4y 9 -y8 play - plays but country counties - consonant-+y —> -ies/ fly flies You add - “es” to nouns which end in x-box _- boxes -ch ~ church - churches “ge - orange - oranges ss dress dresses ‘5 -bus - buses “sh ~ bush bushes ‘There are some irregular plurals: ‘man-men foot ~ feet ox- oxen ‘mouse-mice woman-women tooth teeth louse-lice child - children [Boose - geese «@ REMEMBER! You use -‘s- the Genitive to show possession ifthe ‘possessor is a person or an animal: “Tom's eat / Mary's dog /‘The cats eyes. the colour of the car brave speak ol ye same of the sect Exercises Lill in she box withthe correspondl 1g plural form: singular plural ] cat, dog, bus, | tomato, doctor, foot, mountain, child, barber, markett 2. Make sentences on the model: . ‘model: old man / library ‘The old man is inthe library ‘The young men are inthe library. litle child / street ‘old woman / market young nurse / ward new students / Jecture room ‘ld policeman table old branch/ ground ripe orange / bag red apples/ shelf 3. Use the right article: alan, the, - no article vw doctor engineer... old woman Alps “Black Sea Romania USA He is violonist we wanted to hear. This is spot where we camped last yer. ‘They have dtghte Of. SAME SGC 8 OU: Her words were small consolation. remember 1S hit Of on SOEUR. .-maan who is waiting for you isa good friend of mine. He had to stay i anu bed for to days. i March is third month Of sen eA. | 4. Tien ino the sng: i Children are not avays good. \ Dogs are good fends tomen. | Chiron urslly change their eth when they are 6 yours ol Postmen bring eters. Women utually wear dresses. Cats eat mice. ) “These men have new cars. | In general women do not watch fottll matches 1 Good watches ar always expensive i Fir-tees grow inthe mountains j 5. Fill in the gaps using definite or indefinite articles where necessary: Ts sno. English easy ? . games [like are football and cricket, ‘Will you have... cup of tea? .- book you are reading is mine. ‘We never go to... school on... Sunday. 26Lesson 3 - WHAT ARE THEY DOING ? WHAT’S GOING ON?WHAT ARE THEY DOING ? ‘Mach the pictures and the verbs in the box. to watch afm tolistentomusic to play with the cat to eat toplay tennis to go shopping to knit to garden fowatch TV tosit to read the newspaper to cook to wash to do the homework _to walk in the park © REMEMBER! The Present Tense Continuous is used for: 1, things happening now (ex. 1) 2. temporary situation (ex. 2) 3. developing situation 4, future events, already arranged (ex. 4) His made up of [ To BE + VO wy 1. They are watching afilm © 2. 'm working in an office. 3. The level of water pollution is going up. 4.1'm flying to Sydney tomorrow. linterrogative: [Be + Subject + VB yy ‘Are they watching television now ? Yes, they are. Inegative: [Subject + Be + not AVP wa I think they are not gardening now. ‘They are not watching television. Don't forget the verbs that are never used in the Continuous Aspect: to love, to like, fo want, to wish, toate, to dislike, ‘to know, to think, to remember, to forget, to believe, to understand, to sec, to hear, to mind, to matter [Use CAN + SEE / HEAR for activities developing now: eg. Can you heara strange noise ? No, I'm sorry. (Can You see that red car over there ?Tt’s mine.Exercises 1. Describe the people on page 25 and their actions, See the pictures and ‘choose the right verb in the box: To watch televisionfa film toTisten tomusic to eat to drink toplay tennis to go shopping to garderi to skate to walk in the park tosit toread tocook to wash. todo the homework 2, Which words from the box go with these sentence beginnings ? Um having The news/ the telephone She's building book /the rio 3. He's listening to Spain /a cake the table ‘film / Tokyo / music 5, We're watching Spay ema /ashower 6. You're reading «000 television / English 7.7m making : the doorbell / football / me 8. They're flying to the Present Tense Continuous Spas his friend to cook / taxi 10 He’ calling A question / anew languas 4, They're learning 3. Complete the sentences with the Present Tense Simpl@ Wid the Present Tense Continuous of the same verb. 1. My brother usually jeans an¢ a sweater but he suit today. Z Tony forthe Disney Corporation in Long Beaé Te... with another corporation this month BT alot of coffee but I glass of wine right now. at ‘driving lessons with local driving school. I three lessons a week. 5. Shirley never ‘TV during the daj. She... the mews at the moment because her children are asleep. 6.1. every night‘in bed and 1 areally good book at the moment.Lesson 4 GOOD HABITS, ESCAPE ROUTINES ‘Tom: “Are you a moming person 7” ‘Alice: “Well, [don't know. Pl tell you my daily program and you can answer the question yourself. I wake up at seven o'clock, wash and get dressed and have breakfast, actually it's just a cup of coffee and a biscuit or two. 1 rarely have more than that for breakfast. Then I get ready 10 g0 t0 work. I always check and double check my things not to leave something behind. ‘Tom: “How long does it take you to get to the hospital by the 1327" [lives “You know it never stops on the way. There is @ bus terminal not far from my home and ... But most often I drive there, Tom: “Oh?!” Alice: “That s because of my new car..." ‘Tom: “How long do you stay there 7” “Alice: “That's difficult to answer. We normally wotk in shifts and change them every two weeks. Even so, it's quite difficult fo leave at 2 certain hour, Its @ hospital, you know. There are accidents, people injured, unfortunately, every minute, and they all come to the hospital. You just can’t leave them and go home ! So murses always work overtime. It is hard work, indeed, but like it. ‘Tom: “You're quite right but, even if it's a hospital and people need you, that’s routine, How do you escape routine 7” Alice: “Oh, yes ! Ido lots of things to escape routin...” ‘Tom: “For instance 7” Alice: “Well, at home I watch TY, read the newspapers, chat with fiends. ‘Tom: “Alice, that's routine too, I mean HOW DO YOU ESCAPE ROUTINE?” Alice: “Well. VOCABULARY terminal - cap de linie to work in shifts - 2 lucra fn schimbusi to injure - a rini nurse -asistenti medical to escape routine -a evada din obignuit unfortunately - din nefericire qGRAMMAR | ‘THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE FOR, THis ised io pees = ‘Affirmative: ~ a habitual activity Subject + VIV + @s fay the 3rd pg. + every week, et - ad "2s" to verbs ending in-x \year SS, once faweck Zee | tice Lamonth| -0 | usually, always, often, seldom, never, most aften Interogative: e.g. [never go there in winter. DolDoes + Subject + Vb. ? Bat: [never have time enough for him. i Negative: Tam always late (subj. + ADV. + HAVE + + Verb shor. | subj. +Be+ ADV, +...) =a permanent activity sunject «22% Ub}eCT + cee nol | int. She teaches French do not > don't ~a general rut does not — doesn’t Water boils a 100°C. +a future activity as part of an Spelling: official programe. to play - he plays - (W)y > ys The nin lees Butarest at 10am, ( eee ee {If you do that again, I'l tell your ] mother, I = in Time-Clauses after fil, until, when, as soon as. T'll take cere of the baby until you came back H QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH 4) General Question (Yes/No Q) Ishe there? Yes, bes. Have they chikiren? Yes, they have. | No, he isn't No, they havent Can you help me? Yes, Tean. Do youknow him well? Yes, I do \ No, Tean't ‘No, I don'tby Special Questions (Wh Q) Who is that man? who, when, where, which, why, how. T think he's the new manager c) Tag Questions Vb. affirmative... interogative - negative + Subject ? A Vb. negative... interrogative + Subject? He is your bestfriend, isn't he? ‘You like him a lo, don’t you ? ‘They are notin Bucharest now, are they ? | ‘You don't like him at all, do you? | Exercises i} 1. Work in pairs. Say what you usually do at the times mentioned: ork inp Sy wht Yaa elk ne aenoch | 3 $8 | 133 2. Match the verbs with suitable nouns in the box. | Ta, levision, come, diner ve ave sop unch, eh | ‘encase Homes hori Stool, gt | fash, ok 5. Say at wha time you do these things | ap easel, an | 0 to bed, have a showerfbath I twake up, wash, wash up. 4, Fill n the blanks. in “Mozart?” "No, 1 21 oranges, but apple juice at all Do you?” 3, "What sort of BOOKS nn YOU Tike?” 4. “Everybody likes Sally. Nobody ....» Jane." 5. "D0 venus big dogs ?” “No, I Gi ‘5. Rewrite the sentences, adding the frequency adverbs: 4 Tget up quite early on Saturdays. (usvelly) 2, My son goes fo school on Saturday morning, (normally)3. My-daughter goes toa gym club. (quite often) 4, Next, we go to the bakery for fresh cakes. (often) 5. In the afternoon, the children’s father takes them to & museum or the 00. (often) 6. We try to go aviay and visit friends. (once a month) 7. On Sundays, I get up before ten. (hardly ever) 8. [go to church, but my husband does not. (sometimes) 9. We have guests for Sunday lunch. (quite often) 10, We visit my mother and fatier, (every weeX) 6. Escape routine. ‘What do you do to escape routine ? parachuting hang gliding surfing Fishing ] kiting motor-eyeling painting drawing | sailing belooning hitchhiking mountain climbing | swimming cyclin taking photos collecting stamy Use these phrases to express likes dislikes I’merazy about Pve never liked Tm fond of can't stand Tike /enjoy /adoré | Idon’t really like What you like or hate‘ean be Tnteresting healthy exciting boring expensive more than exeiting dangerous useless 7. Use ll she information above to speak about how you escape routine. 8. Ask WH - questions to which the underlined words are answers: 1. Its Saturday today. 2. The hospital isnot far from the railway station 3. After school she walks home with her boyfriend. 4. In the evening he watches television. 5. The landlady locks the door after midnight 9. Arrange the words in the right order to form a sentence: = many / fans / from / Jackson / receives / letters / Michael /his - every / girl friend / phones / night /e / New York / from /:‘is that / man / Susan / wonder /really /I/ manry to / wants/ if = TV J suppre (or / uspally after / he / paper the / watches /reads TT5 Lesson 5- HOW DOILOOK? ‘What parts ofthe face tell you about someone's personality ? i ‘Try this questionnaire, Tick the words that are appropriate for you. Tis your foreeadl S lbyourhale i a, wide ? a. straight? b. narrow? thick? ) e.high? e.curly ? 7. Are your ears & Are your eyes a, small? a. stall? bi, large? bi large? culong? Bris your nose: 7. Are your cheeks! 2. Jong and thin? around’? b shore? thin? c.wide ? | Ts your mouth Ss your ci a. Wide? a. round? | ‘b, small? b, square? | en? clone? | Now check your profile and tick the right eter, | PROFILE La.-confident 2.a.-artistio 3.4.-artistie 4.a.- serious bucambitions " b.vshy—b.-shy, =. -Kind e.-shy ccsedous —e.-kind ——_¢~ ambitious5. serious 6.a.ambitious 7.0. lively 8, a.- confident b lively bilively —“bianisic—b. lively €. confident ©. kind “How many ticks inthe profile have you gotforesch word? feonfident [] serious watt anbitons lively] kind sty] Find your personality type - Example: serious - 0 ticks: not serious at all ~ L tick: not very serious + Dick: quite serious 3 ticks: very serious HOW AMBITIOUS ARE YOU? © REMEMBER! [WiLL e.g. Look out ! We're going to crash ! | | GOING F TOT Vo] ved for ttre plans or events hat are | already starting to happen. e.g. She is pregnant, She's going to have a baby. + is a future auxiliary accepted for all persons. It is used to refer to a future action or fer more subjective predictions, when something is not already determined but we fee! that its likely to happen Don’t drive so fast! You'll erash ! | Exercises 1. Write sentences about your ambitions and plans. Use these verbs. Lbe -2.buy —3.get 4.go- Shave 6. meet2. Write questions with going to: 1. P've got a car but I can’t drive yet. ‘Are you going to learn to drive ? 2. Tlike geting up late at weekends 3. ve got a day off work tomorow 4. Tusually sun home after work 5. "There's « grea film on TV tonight. 6. My ais in a mess 3. Complete the sentences with the verb in the brackets: ELT wont the einem (going/to g0) 2. My sister Would Like one 8 OR, (baVing / 10 have) 3, Mary won the lottery last week sos fear «is going t0 buy / goto buy) 4 My parents want to live in the country so they... farm (to buy, /are going to buy.) 4, Match the bvo parts of the sentence. Write the numbers in the boxes. 1. like to buy a horse. 2. Ted like to work abroad. 3.[°6 like toun faster 4. rd like to lose some weight. 5. I'd like to buy a plane ticket 6.14 like to change my job. so'm going to stat saving some money. 1». 80 1'm going to lear a foreign language. svn $0 I'm going to do some serious taining. o Fifer going tk sein yor i a so I'm going to phone the airport. so.I'm going to look atthe ads in tomorrow's paper. 365. This is what Dr. Grant does every day: 1. He gets to the hospital at 7,30 a.m. 2. He enters the operation room and operates until 12 a.m. 3. He does his rounds until 14 p.m. 4, He writes inthe patients’ cards until 16 p.m, 5. He leaves the hospital at 16,30 p.m. [Now say what Dr. Grant will do tomorrow. 6. Give true answers tothe following questions: ‘Are you going for a swim on Sunday ? I probably will. usually go for a swim on Sunday. I probably won't, I'll probably stay at home. ‘Are you going shopping next afteroon ? ‘Are you going to party on Saturday ? ‘Are You going fora drive next weekend ? ‘Are you going tothe cinema tonight ? Are you buying your friend a present for her birthday ? : ‘Are You studying efter dinner? Are you staying indoors 0 eked Ae you going to bed at 10 o'clock? 7. Translate the words given in parenthesis into English and put them in the ‘most suitable fusure form (will + Infinitive, Present Continuous, or the be ‘going to - form): a Woy are you taking off the eurtains ? (oi spa) the windows. ‘They (vor pleca) at 6 o'clock tomorrow, but I have no idea when they Ge vor intoarce) Your mother (se va spa) if we play tennis this afternoon ? hope she (au va fi) I (voi duce) the dog out for @ walk as soon as I have read my newspaper. I'm tired of hamburgers. T (voi gai) something special today.Lesson 6 - BUYING THINGS Mrs, Watson: “Is there any bacon?” Michael: “Yes, Mum, look!" Mars, Watson: "Michael please ! Pt that bacon back! Assistant: “How much do you want?” ‘Mrs, Watson: “One pound, please.” Mis. Watson: “Are there any sausages ?” Assistant: “Sorry, there aren’t any today. Have a piece of lamb for & change.” Michael: “Are you going to buy some bananas 7” Mis, Watson: “Michzel, please ! ‘Put those bananas back! We've already got someathome". Assistant: “Can Thelp you 7” ‘Aunt Aggie: “Yes, please. Have you gota green pullover 7” ‘Assistant: “Certainly. I've got a lovely one. Is your size, Madam Will you ty it on?” ‘Aunt Aggie: “Well, I'm afraid it's not large enough. Give me that ‘cardigan instead.” 38VOCABULARY and USEFUL LANGUAGE ‘Where do you go shopping? af the market - [a piati at the supermarket - Ia supermarket at the department store - la mage at the baker's Ia bru at the bi at the grocer’s - la bicanie at the greengrécer’s - la zarzavagiu at the chemist’s- la farmacie af the stationer’s - la papetirie af the draper’s -la magazinul de textile glassware -sticlitie footwear -inciltiminte / boot store hhaberdasher’s - mercerie lectrical appliances -obiecte electrice to have a look at -2-si arunca o privire to be on display - afi expuse Ia vedere well-stocked - bine aprovizionat a good assortment of - un sortiment variat de ‘What can you buy atthe baker's? biscuits - fancy biscuits - biscuit, fursecuri buns - péinigoare cu lapte ‘cheese cake -brinzoisci ple - plfcintt bread - paine ‘What can you buy at the grocer’s ? - USE A DICTIONARY ! sugar, oil, rice, cocoa, coffee, wine, juice, tinned fish, eggs, tinned ‘meat at the greengrocers? apples, pear peaches, oranges, lemons, tngerines,sravberies, rupberies nuts, kw ates, itm, parmpin Cato, lee, macs, cucumbers, onion, gi, pes beans, ovags horse ~ ais, ep plant eNatthesaioner'et ape, carbon paper pene and pencils, envelopes, postcards, the bookshop? books and notebooks, reeting cand, mageines ‘the butcher's? freshmeat, salvamoked met pork, es, lb, goose, venison abbage, 39GRAMMAR CAN Thelp you? Remember the MODAL VERBS - CAN, MAY, MUST, ‘general characteristics: = they have only short infinitive fo ~ do not take -(@)s in the 3rd pers. sing, ~ are followed by a short infiniti “do not use any auxiliary in the interrogative and negative = use their equivalents to form Past Tense (except could) o. g. Dean do it myself Can Thelp you? Tean't help you right now. CAN - ability eg. Len swim 100 min 10 Teennot learn Chinese. = to know how - [ean play the piano. permission in informal English - Can } come in ? + impossibility - can't That man ean’t 3¢ Tom, ‘equivalent: - to be able to - Iwas able to swim atthe age of 10. MAY - permission in formal English - May I come in ? possibility - He is not at home. He mzy be atthe hospital ‘equivalent: - to be allowed to / permitted to ‘When I was 18, was allowed to drive my father's car, MUST - obligation ~ You must never use this telephone ! ‘You must always come bore before 10 p.m. probability - It's dark already. It must be - prohibition - must not - Children must not drink aleohol equivalent: ~ to have to ~ He had to take a texito get therein time. ‘but: Did he have to take a taxi to get there in time? Yes, he did No, he didn’t Exercizes 1, Dati rtspunsuri seurte la urmittoarele intrebatri Can you translate this text? Can you answer all these questions ? Most they repeat all these rules ? May Icome in? Can yau help them ?2. Which of the following things can you do ? Which of them can’t you do ? draw, drive fast, make cakes, play tennis, play the piano, run fast, ran slow, see well without glasses; sing, speak Chinese, speak Germ type, swim, windsurf 5. Complete the sentences with must or can’t 1. They home by now; they left the theatre 20 minutes ago, 2. You...» be tied; you haven't done anything all day. 3. The young man bought three French newspapers; he... read French, 4, He sur. be very quick; it will take him ages to finish. 5. The tank... be empty; Thad it filled thie morning, 6. She have a driving licence; she dives her father's ear very 7. That woman ..... be her mother; she is too young. 8. You... be wrong ! Check the accounts agein ! The computer doesn’t make mistakes, 9, Why...» You see him today ? 10. The man bbe accused of murder. Afterall he's got an alibi 4. Arrange the words so as to build up correct sentences: 1. smile, can't, when, they, born, children, are 2. most, old, childten, weeks, six, can, they're, when, smile 3. languages, you, speak, can, many, how 4. Portuguese, you, of, any, understand, can 5. like, you, if, home, we, drive, can, you 6.is, Jane, where, Tunderstand, can’t 7. me, hear, you, can ? course, can, I, of 8. time, what, at home, be, you must 5. Polite or casual (formal or informal) ? ‘What ean you sey if you want to: 1. Borrow your brother's car for the week-end? 2. Borrow some money from your best friend ? 3. Borrow your father's favourite jacket ? 4. Geta piece of information from somebody you don’t know ? 5. Use the telephone in your manager's office? How can you say NO when: 6. Your manager wants to borrow your ear ? 7. Your brother wants to borrow your pencil ? 8. A friend wants to borrow some milk and you haven't any ?6. LEND or BORROW ? Put the correct verb, in the correct formin the Dlank where possible: 1. Could you possibly 2...» me 5000 lei for two hours ? 2.Tsmnsnne MY mother's car yesterday, and Tlost the keys. _ use your telephone ime her flat when I go to London. me an egg, please? 4, Ann always 5. Pm sorry to trouble you, but could you 7. Match the rooms and the verbs. example - 6¢ 1 kitchen a. wash 2. bedroom b. sit and relax 3. bathroom c. keep a car living-room sleep. S.dining-room _¢. cook 6. garage feat 8. Now make sentences: ‘example: You can keep a car in a garage. 9. Fil in with the missing words: ‘Tom: “Hello.” Dan: “Hello... speak to Jane, please 7 Tom: “Sorry, she’s out. I take a message 7” Dan: *No, i's allright; P'leall back fater.” 10, Translate into English: ‘Ea nu poate ebjine postul acesta Iti poste repara magina in dou’ il. ‘Dupé accident, doar soferul a putut si se ssiveze. Nu a reugit si traducl tot textul in 20 de minute, sini ef fi permit si meargh la petreceri Poti pleea acum eft vremea este inc frumoas. [Era aici pe mash. Trebuie so i luatcineve [Nusse poate si fi sjuns i Sinaia in doar o ox. Copii nu trebuie s&bea alcool dar, din nefricire, pot cumplra in orice magazin, 10, La varsta de gase ani sia deja dous limbi sine.Lesson 7 - GO STRAIGHT ON, THEN “Bxcuse me. Where isthe nearest car park?" “First on the right, then second on the left. I's next to the town hall." “Thank you.” “Bxcuse me. Is there a market nearby 7” ‘It’s opposite the post office. Go straight on and turn right. You can't miss it” “Thank you.” “Flow far is the nearest hote! ”” “About five hundred metres but it’s the most expensive, I'm afta. Does it mater ” “Itsure does. Thanks, anyway.” ‘USEFUL LANGUAGE How do people ask for information about various places in town ? 1s there a market nearby ? shop in the centre? in this street? around ? There is one next to round the comer between... atthe end of. not far from here. Yes, there 2, How can I get there? 10 vn Go straight on and then tum left/right Go as faras..... and then . ‘Take the bus and get off at stop. 3. Thank you very much. Not at al. ‘Thanks & lot. I's allright, You're welesme. Never mind,\2 a, lo | e g A & io tae ig i TGR Sy lz RE: I | a] fas zr 3 7 = la i = fe i) i ! Tote hotet 2. the market 3: the car pak Hl 4. the airport 5. theatre 6. the restaurant | the swimming-pool 8. the sport building 9, the museum 10. the bane 1H. the underprourd sation 12. the hospital 1B. the eieus 14. the 200 15. the bus stop 16. the eats the ralway station ‘You are at railway station, Ask your deskmate where each ofthese places i are and how to get there. (Work in pairs) I @ REMEMBER The Comparison of Adjectives i! rAdjectves ar invaabilein English - goed book - good books \ They can be short - big, tall, ange it long - beautiful, important, dificult | ‘The Comparton of Adjectives [SHORT ADJECTIVES| the Positive tall | the Comparative = alg than the Supedative- the tallest thé Positive - beautiful LONG ADJECTIVES the Comparative more beau, | ag Supetative- the most bensComparative of superiority - bigger than more beautiful than + of equality - as big as (neg. nt sois) big as) ~ as beautiful a (neg not s0(05) bea of infeierty - not so big = ess b Superlative - the relative sup. - : the absolute sup. - very big + very beautiful ‘Don't forget: - two syllable adj. ending in -y, ow, -le are considered short. ‘adj, ending in “e” +R large ~ larger + adj. ending in “y” - heavy ~ heavier Bay gayer 1 adj, ending in @ consonant hot hotter IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES gous beter the best Bch > more the mont ite ess theleast bed > worse the worst an father for rthee near nearer the nearest the next Ite tater the latest the last Exerciser Ea fieo wk a yet ofl tau2, Write the comparative and the superlative of the adjectives: boring - miore boring - the most boring. cold i young ~ r ; cheerful — Bie them in sentences of your own terrible thirsty tong hot : 3. Change the sentences asin the example: = Ym older than him. He's younger than me. = Tm taller than hie. + She's darker than me. ‘Chinese is more difficult than Italian, 4. Write six sentences about yourself using 9s e.g. Im as tall as my sister, ‘5. Write sentences using the same as/different from: e.g. My mother is the same age as her sister. ‘My nationality is different from yours. ~ your language and Russian {Your favourite music and your best friend's favourite music “he colour of your eyes and the colour of your mother’s eyes i “the people in your country and the people in Africa 6. Translate the paradox into Romanian: ‘The more we study, the more we know. The more we know, the more ‘we forget. The more We forget, the less we know. The less we know, the less we forget. The less we forget, the more we know. So why study ? 7. Translate into English: 1, Este cea mai veche clire din ora, 2. Nu‘ered deste cel mai bun exemplu, dar este cel mai cla. 3. Film este foarte frumos, dar cartea este mai lungs si mal interesant, 46Lesson 8 - PEOPLE’S PAST..... Read these sentences; you can use a dictionary. Then put the sentences in order to make two paragraphs of a story. ‘But Florence found parties boring; she wanted to be a nurse. ‘Then she was in charge of a nursing-home for women in London, Florence Nightingale came from a rich family and was very pretty Finally in 1850, when she was 30, her parents accepted her decision. Inher family, young girs usually spent their time going to parties ntl they married rich young men, 6. Soon she was asked to 0 to the Crimeea to take charge of the ‘wounded soldiers 7. So she went to study in a hospital in Germany, 2 1. Forty percent of the patients died. F 2.By 1900 unsafe hospitals and ignorant nurses were things ofthe past. % 3. The death rate dropped to two per cent. 1.4. The conditions in the Crimean hospital were tribe. 5, Workmen putin a proper drainage system and supplied pure drinking water 6, Certain beds seemed fatal: soldiers died in them after two days. 7. She was an important force in the movement reform hospitals and nursing in England, #8. On her return to England people greced Florence Nightingale asa heroine 4 9, Nightingale decided that this was because ofbad drains, and insisted that the government do something abou it ‘VOCABULARY nursingshome - casi de sinitate to be in charge of -« rispunde de nurse - sori de caritate, asistenti medicala boring -plictisitor wounded soldiers - soldati riniti patient-pacient —* unsafe - nesigur death rate - rata de mortalitate (o drop - lisa si cad8, a scdpa din mang, a scidea‘workman - muncitor ‘a proper drainage system - un sistem de canalizare adecvat to supply -a asigura, a aproviziona eu pure drinking water ~ api potabild curaté to reform - a reforma nursing - sistemul de asistengs medical bbad drains - canalizare proasti, GRAMMAR 1. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE 4 . eg, to ask- asked spelling: Li)y + -ed(oyed toplay - played (oy +-ed ied tory -exied 2, short verbs ending in cons +: shor-vowel + cons —> e+ -ed to stop - stopped todrop - dropped 5. verbs ending ine- hate-+d- hated like + d liked + [iizegular verbs they have special form ] eg. to run, ran, run Tnjerogative: DID +S Vb shor inf negative Ss DID + not > Wb shorting eg. She went to study in Germany id she go to study in Germany ? She didn't goto study in Germany. Itis used to refer to # past and finished action in a past and finished period of time. ‘The following adverbs may be used: yesterdey, ago, las. 48e.g. I saw her yesterday. But: They first met ON Monday. IN Deceniber. WHEN they were20. 2. If the action is past and finished before another past and finished action, use THE PAST PERFECT TENSE HAD + V, (the Past Part ©. Ididn’t go to the cinemia as Thad seen the film before. 3, THE PAST TENSE CONTINUOUS WAS/ WERE + VB -+ ing] - it is used to refer to an, action in progress at a certain mioment in the past eg. I was coming back home at S yesterday when I saw them, Twas going to the hospital when I met him «© REMEMBER the Past Tense of the verb TO BE he, she, is WAS we, you, they WERE Don’t forget the verbs that are never used in the Coninuous Aspect ! 1. Comprehension Questions: ‘A. Who was Florence Nightingale ? ‘What family did she come from ? ‘What happened in 18502 Where was she asked to go? Where did she study ? 'B. Ask similar questions about the second paragraph, 2. What are the infinitives of these past verbs: went - go began, bought, broke, fought, lived, liked, caught, amoked, ato, drank, ran, tried, carried, told, thought, left, drove, slept, woke, went, knew, told, found 493. Ask questions about Bil: ‘A: Bll left the house, B: He left? Why ...? B: He left? Why did he leave the house ? 1, A. Idon't know. He just eft B. He went? When 2, A. At about 8 o'clock. He packed. 'B. He packed ? What 3. A. He packed three shirts. And then he said “Good-bye”. B. He said good-bye ! Why . 4, A.He said he was going away. And he bought something. 'B. He bought something ! What 5, A. He bought a car, And then he went away. B.Lsee. 4, How many questions can you make ? ‘When you were 2 small child was you TapPy, were ‘your parents ever ill lite rich you and yourfamily | | poor Yyour mother ‘athome from 5 to 9 ‘your father outa tot ‘ther people Kind tp you 5. Write sentences about changes in your life. Read them to the class. eg. Ididn't like milk when I was @ child, but now Ido. * 6. Write 10 sentences about what you didn't do last Sunday. 7. These are your answers. Write the questions. Qeerennanen Q. wenn ‘You Last week. You In 1992 Q- _ . c ‘You. Yesterday moming You Very badly. Qe ernie ‘You - The day before yesterday 8, Complete the sentences: L.Twenthome by taxi 2 Islept very badly a. because a because B,80 senna bso 50Lesson 9 - WHAT’S THE MATTER ? ‘Mrs, Brown: “I haven't been feeling well, doctor. Dr. Kelly: “What's the matter, Mrs. Brown ?” Mrs. Brown: “T've had pains here - just below where my heart is.” Dr. Kelly: “Do you have these pains all the tim Mis. Brown: “No, not all the time. They usually come after meals.” Dr. Kelly: “After meals 7Do you eat very big meals?" Mrs. Brown: “Well, Iam very fond of my food.” Dr. Kelly: “That's probably the reason why you have these pains near the heart, You'd better not eat so much. Lighter meals, that will probably put you right again. What’ s your weight 2" ‘Mrs. Brown: “About 75 kilograms, I think.” Dr. Kelly: “Oh ? That's too much even for a man, Mrs, Brown, not to speak of a woman of your age! Try to get your weight down, At least 10 kilos ‘Not so much bread, no sugar in your tea, no cakes and plenty of exercise.” Mrs. Brown: “Well, I'll ty, but it's not going to be easy. I've always been fond of good things to eat.” VOCABULARY to be fond of - a place, a iubi, a indrigi, afi amitor de a big meal - 0 masi copioasi alight meal - o masi usoari you'd better not eat so much - ai face mai bine s4 nu mane atat de mult ‘hat will probably put you right again - probebil te vor restabili to get somebody's weight down] to put off weight pain - durere (fick sau sufleteasct) to feel a ~ in (one’s chest) - a sirntidureze fn (pieps) ache - durere (surdé, continua) fo~-a dures, a aven dureri my head aches - ma doare capul Vet pan > REMEMBER! tohave a toothache to have'a pain in ore's leg/back 1 stomachache headacheHow do people talk about health ? X B. ‘What's the matter with you?” Tve gota What's wrong? [feel awful. a Oh, Pm sorry ! so sorry ! really sorry ! Why don't you. FLASHES OF CONVERSATION 1, Dr. Smith: “Now, young lady, what's the matter with you 2” Betty: “I think I've got flu. I've been coughing, sneezing and shivering. eT breathe deeply, I get pain in my chest.” ‘Dr. Smith: “It certainly is flu, There’s alot of it about this winter.” 2. Dr. Blake: “Oh, you only need a small filling. I'l doit now.” Jane: “Errgh| Dr. Blake: “Keep quiet, please. I have fo use the drill.” Jane: “Argh!” Dr. Blake: “Don't worry !It won't hurt.” 3. EMERGENCY - DIAL 961 “There's been an accident in froat ofthe Railway Station. Two care have erashed, People are injured. Tuere's blood everywhere. ‘An ambulance ! Please hurry !” GRAMMAR @ Let's remember the Imperative ! the 2nd person singulaa/plural - Verb short infinitive “Affirmative Imperative - Verb short inf. \ Negative Imperative - DO NOT / DONT + Vb. short in. | e.g. Stay in bed ! Don't eat too much ! 2®) the Ist and 3rd person - LET + Aco + Vb. shoa inf singular/plural affirmative negative -LBT + Ace + NOT + Vb, short inf «@ REMEMBER the Accusative of the Personel Pronoun: T-me we = us you-you you~ you he - hira they - them she -her itit, e.g. Let us try once mor Let's srt now Le’s ‘Oh, no, let's not start now 1 Lethim go ! Oh, no, let him not go ! Let him stay litle longer ! I i used in INSTRUCTIONS and ADVICE; REQUESTS and WARNINGS ALWAYS and NEVER may be used in giving instructions and advice and they are placed before imperatives. e.g. Never drink cold water when you are hot! Always warm up before you run ! Exercines 1. DOs and DON'Ts ‘Running - DOs and DON'Ts. Here is some advice about running: ‘Wear good running shoes. Don't run if you feel tied. Run early in the morning, Don’trun until wo hours after esting. Wear comfortable clothing Don’t ran if you have a cold, Always warm up before you run, Never run alone. Give your own advice. Which sentences give you good advice ? Why ?ve gota headache feel awful2, Work in groups. Think of some advice (good or bad) for someone who: 9 {ga tourist in your eountry + ig learning to drive + is learning your language + wants to get rich + wants more friends 3. Complete the dialogue. Doctor: Good morning. What’s the problem ? You: Well, I. Doctor: see. Does it/ Do they hurt very badly ? You: . Doctor! How long have you had this? YoU: Doctor. Yes, ight. I'd like to examine you, then, Mramm You: 2 Doctot: No, it doesn't look too bad, Here is prescription for some medicine, You'll feel better by the day after tomorrow, You: —— Dect: Goodie. You: 4, Work in groiips. Make similar dialogues using the following words and Prive gotacold ‘Why don't you go home? 1 toothache lie down ? ‘a stomachache stay in bed? pain in my back see a doctor ? temperature take an aspirin ? my leg hurts to send for a doctor tomun a high temperature to call an ambulance to feel feverish 5. Look at the pictures. ‘In pairs, ask and say what the matter is ‘Use the words from exercise four. Give instructions and advice using: “Why don't you . "You'd bettér i.6. Do you remember Mrs. Brown in the dialogue “What's the Matter ?” L:Let’s help keep her a diet. The table below contains a list of foods Let's score them with a) excellent ») good ©) not beneficial and make Mrs. Brown the proper diet. EEE}: ( guild fish and sated [apple pie Dread and butter roast chicken and vegetables Biscuits ‘bacon and eggs {youghurt and fraits sausages and beans rice and vegetabies fruit salad 5izza with ham and cheese steak and chips | chocolate ants 2. Which are the best ways of cooking: ) steaming by fiying © pouching 4) grilling ) oiling f) heating 3. Where must she cook her food ? tnaa)asaucepan b) a frying pan ©) a cooking pot d)anoven —e) amicrowave oven fa grill 7. If you have scored them all, prescribe Mrs. Brown the right diet giving her instructions and advice (Remember Foods to avoid: sugar, sweets, chocolate; cream, butter, margarine, oils and fats; cakes, pies, pastries, cookies, pudding; honey, syrup, jam, marmalade; fruit canned or bottled in syrup, dried fruit; fried potatoes, chips, nus; sad dressing, or mayonnaise; spirits and liqueurs; most commercial soft drinks), 56Lesson 10 THEY HAVE GOT BEAUTIFUL PRESENTS! It’s Christmas time, They are all happy. They have got beautiful presents. ‘What have they got? ‘Answer the question using the Present Perfect Tense. «> REMEMBER! The Present Perfect Tense Simple have + Wb. (Past Partciple) | It's used for: past events which have a present result ‘eg, They have got beautiful presents. “when talking about experience “+ ever, never, often ‘eg. I've never eaten Chinese food. eg. I've waited for you for 25 minutes, since 9.30.If the speaking moment is included then use the Pre c.g. 've been waiting for you for 30 min (i'm still waiting) Don’t forget the verbs that are not used in the Continuous Aspect! WHAT DO PEOPLE SAY ON SPECIAL EVENTS. on New Year's Eve: 1. Happy New Year! 1. Thank yoo, the samme © you ! on somebody's birthday: 2. Happy Birthday ! Many Happy Returns ofthe Day ! 2. (Oh) Thank you ! before an exam: 3. Good luck! Best of luck | 3. Thank you !'ll certainly 2eed it ~foran achievement: — 4. Congratulations ! Well done! 4, Thanks alot! = before going to aparylon a trip: 5, Enjoy yourself! Have a good time ! 5. Thanks. Pm sures yy Thope so, oe OR SITUATIONS? ~ when making an spology: 6. Sorry P'm so somry /T'm sorry! 6. That's allright. ‘That's OK. Never mind. when you don’t hhear what your friend - 7. [beg your pardon ? says, you say Pardon? Sorry? 386 1. Complete the table of irregular verbs: 50 went gone become break dream drink eat fall feel find fight get Team hear hit ring ride spend take tell ‘wear 2. Put since or for into the blanks: 1 1987 2, ‘twenty years 3. cnn Monday 4. three days 5. noorsnanee WO Months 6 August 1 ten o'clock 9. vs along time 10. yesterday U svones my birthday 12. ‘a fow minutes3. Match the beginnings and ends and write out the complete descriptions. ‘Acruin isa building that has fallen down, ‘A graduate is somebody who has grown up ‘Anadult is somebody who has had an sccident ‘Acasualty is somebody who has finished a university ‘An orphan is a child who has lost both parents 4. Answer the following questions: short - form enswers «= Have you ever been to the Zoo ? Yes, Ihave. - Have you had your dinner? . = Have yon seen a good film this week ? = Have you bought a new hat? = Who has taken my pen 7... = Has she understood everything? ~ Have you taken everything 7... = Have you ever travelled abroad ? 5. Write eight or nore sentences about yourself Here are some ideas (You may write about other things.) = Do you feel strongly about political matters ? = Have you ever done something that surprised your parents ? = Have you changed very much in the lst few years ? = Have your parents been an important influence in your life? = Have you ever been in love? 6. Complete the following sentences with the given alternatives: 1. Thaven't seen you 2) Christmas ») three days 2. Thaven’t spoken to her ‘2) more than two years ) January 3, We haven't bought any new books . a) a week b) ages 4, Nobody has written to me. ‘a) many weeks ») my birthday le 5. Thaven’tridden a bicycle a) longer than I can remember by 19866. Ithasn’t rained here 4) more than a month ) Mareh 7. Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Continuous: I. [live here) since 1982, 2. The cat (st) in front of the fire since tea-time. 3. [look at the picture for five minutes, but I can't see you in it 4.1'm afraid you (look) at the wrong advertisement, 5. You (wait) long for me ? 6. He work) in this hospital for more than twenty years 7. Laneh is not quite ready yet, although I (cook, all the moming, 8. They are tired because they (Work) in the garden since morning. 9. Look! That light (burn) all night 10. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she (read) too Tong. 8, Present Perfect Simple or Continuous ? 1.1 (not see) you for a long time. 2 You must tell me what you (do) sinee [last saw you. 3. (try) to learn English for years, but (not succeed) yet. 4, We (live) here forthe last six months, and just (decide) to move, ‘5. You already (drink) three eups of tea since I (st) here. 6. I (wait) here since ten o'clock and she (not eome) yet 7. You (be) asleep all morning ?I (ring) the bell forthe last twenty minutes, 8. 1 (not find) a wife, though I(look) for one eversince I was twenty, 9. Mary (rest) in the garden all day because she (te) il. 10. She (work) so hard this week that she (have) not time to go to the hairdressers, 11. He (not have) a holiday for nine years because he (be) t00 busy, 12, Since you gave me your phone number, I (phene) you four times ‘and (not find) you at home. 13, He (not be) here since Christmas; I wonder were he (live) since then, 14, They (not speak) to each other since they quarcelled. 15. They (to reach) a compromise in the negotiations today ? No, they (to ty) to, bur they (not to manage) retLesson 11 - AT THE RESTAURANT Sandra: “Mmmm .. Pm very bhungry, darling " David “Are you? What are you going tohave ” Sandra: "Well, I want to have a Took atthe menu, fst’ David: “Sure... Waiter! Could wwe have the meno, please 7” Waiter: "Certainly, Six.” Sandra: “Well... Let me se Waiter: “What would you like, Madara 2" Sendra: “TU start with soup, please, and, then I'll have roast beef.” Waiter: “And, you, Sir?” "i David: “Td like some chicken [9 ‘with mushrooms and a green salad, please.” Waite: “Something to. drink, sir?” David: “By all means. Wine, some good old white wine” Waiter “And for you, Madam 7” Sandra: “The same, please.” Waiter: “Something else, Sir?” David: “No, thal be al for the ‘moment, thank you.” ‘Weiter: "t's all ight, Sir” VOCABULARY AND USEFUL LANGUAGE ‘a table for two - masi pentru dou persoane ‘menu - lista de bucate, menu snack - gustare ‘ila carte - ala carte table d'hite - meniu fix Dill - not de plata 2self-service restaurant = restaurant eu autosevite snack. bar -bufet expres cu autoservite Fefeshment room - bufet (de incint- gar, teatu) café-cafenea pub (lic house) bodega ete eantéen- canting saloon bar = bar de hotel night lub - bar de noapte Arivesn restaurant - restaurant pe atostra (se servese gusts direet a astomobil) meals breakfast - mie dejun (7-9 dim) funeh - pene (12 14) tea ceai(-5) dinner - cine (7-10 pm supper - supeu (10-11 pm) 4s majortateaferiilor parintn casei de mifoe din Marea Bitanie resele ile sunt breakfast - gostarea de dim. Juneh - mast jon la prin dinner - masa principal ein dup aria to have lunch /a cake lua masa de pring /o pita Whats for dinner ?- Ce avem lacing? tolay the table « pune masa to cut the bread into thin slices a tia pina nfl subsist to spread butter -unge cu nt to butter with Jam a unge en unt pus gem ‘Will you have some .. ‘Vreti vi rog si Iuati ..... y Have some more won - Mai lati vi ros, What shall Thelp you to? - Cu ce si vi servese What will you take with .. 2 Ce dort le 2 May Uelp you town. ? Pot svi servese 60m. ? Think I could do with / manage - Cred cd a3 ma lua o pone. another helping of. Ive had enough, thank you. - Este suficient, mutumese | Pa rather have wun Ap loa maidegrbi-- i May I trouble you for wm. Vi r0B, Vi pot dernj pent. | ‘Yes, please, - Da, vi rog. Traise my glass in su. Ridie paral pent. to clear the table - strange masaWHAT CAN WE HAVE? cage: boiled, fried, roasted poached eggs - ochiuri roménesti potatoes: boiled, fried, baked, chip potatoes, mashed potatoes meat: roasted, stewed, boiled, grilled, tinned, smoked soup: tomatoe soup, clear soup, chicken soup, noodles soup salads: lettuce, pickles drinks: soft drinks, hard drinks wine, beer, uice, lemon, squash - sue de ime eu sifon water - mineral and sods (water) champagne, brandy, plum brandy - quiet arog, punch, cocktail, cider, vermuth. GRAMMAR «2 REMEMBER! The Indefinite Adjectives ‘SOME - used in affirmative sentences - Ihave some frjends in Caneda ‘ANY - used in interrogative sentences: Have you any friends here ? negative sentences + Vb. ne eg. Any child knows that. NO - used in negative sentences + Vb. aff ‘og. I have no friends in Bucherest. NO#NOT e.g. No, we have no friends in Bucharest No, Pm not SOME and ANY may be used as INDEFINITE PRONOUNS, ‘eg. There are no mistakes here; there are some in this paper. have no further questions to ask. Have you amy? Some may be used in interrogative sentences as well, meaning ceva, cégiva, parte din . e.g. Have you some money ? - Ai nigte bani ? May Tsee some of your paintings ? -Fot vedea cateva din ‘ublourile tale 7t - The Indefinite Pronoun corresponding to NO is NONE - nici unul/ ¢.8. [have some good books in English, but I Lave none in French. LITTLE/A LITTLE + singular nouns litle - putin, insuficient a litle patin, suficient e.g. They know litte English Lm not very busy, Ihave litte time for you. FEW/A FEW + plural nouns few - putini, insuficienti afew - putini dar suficienti ©, Few patients generally fully recover. ‘There are a few patients waiting for Dr. Smith. <@ REMEMBER that the compounds of SOME, ANY and NO follow the same basic rules: somebody, semething 0g. There is somebody at the door. Is there anybody at home ? ‘There is nobody waiting for you, Dr. Smith Exercises . 2. Costomer 1 sn B18 ne FOU? Waiter Yes, just over tier, mada . 2. Customer Iss oma sed please, and then Waiter ‘ise? Costomer 3 ne Sop, ad green salad 3. Walter drink? ier plese have beer t007 ‘cvecpthing al ight? tha rns ore coffe, pease? naan the bill? : ‘course, madam. C: Is service included ? We It certainly is, madam, 652, Add some or any and fill in the blanks: 2 There §80"E ne BOOE-poish in this Go and ask him for...» more bread. There isn’t lef. 1 more leters for you to write. Tean't eat suo. more potatoes but Id lke vn PEWS, ‘There is... tea inthe kitchen but there isn't... milk. He wants... more pudding, Give him He asked ie for... ice, but Tean’t find, Put sues Salt OM Your meat. The cook 2asn’t put. 410, Imust have .. ink and paper, or T can’t write LL “Wall you have .... more tea 7” “Yes, please, I'd like... 12. Thaven’t rn vnenen Hime 10 dO «-nnnu More now, I'm sorry. 13. Don't make noise, He wants to get sleep. 3. Answer the following questions in the negative ‘respond quickly using: nowhere, none, nothing, nobody, neither (nici unul in2) 1. Where are you going ? 2. How many patients are you going to see today ? 3. How much did it cost? 4, Where is he going? 5. Which of these two books is yours ? 6. Who phoned you yesterday ? 7. Who did you see there ? 8. What are you doing ? 4. Complete the following conversation with some, any oF no. FRANK: Now, Mary, you want me to buy... fruit, anything else ? MARY: Let me think Ah yes, I haven't got... cheese for the cheese pie. FRANK: How much shall Ibuy? MARY: Half kilo, And don’t forget to buy .... wine. FRANK: How about milk? There isc... left, and jam, ther is some but. MARY: I don't want ..... jam. Milk, yes, buy four bottles. Oh, look ! ‘There is... coffe left. Buy haifa kilo this time. FRANK: And theré are... eggs. ll get a dozen. MARY: Write down spaghetti too. There is... but nt enough FRANK: Do you want me to buy .... potatoes as well ? MARY: Yes, and tomatoes, as ususl. Thats all, Off you go now ! FRANK: How about flour for the pie ? Don’t yeu need“L think I'd (hould) buy the blue ress’ “The bive dress? You'd (had) better buy the yellow one. It suits you better.” “I think Pd (should) buy the red hat.” “Why not? I'd (should) buy the yellow hat. It matches my dress.” “Oh, that’d (would) be great !” “Can I pay by credit card?” t “Well, why not, but T think you'd I (had) better pay cash.” “It's O.K." “Would you like anything else 2” LOOK AT' THEM? WHAT WOULD THEY LIKE? | WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE?‘USEFUL LANGUAGE Use a dictionary ! Ithelps you not to forget ther. colours red, pink, blue, orange, back, brown, green, indigs, navy blue vioiet, yellow, purple, white grey, beige shade ton ‘a darker] agit light blue - dark - blue hue ~ nvant’ 1 What size do you take in 0. 7~ Ce masurd vet lt “eis made of sil este ficutt din mitase woo! land velvet cextfea nylon nylon leather piele to wear-a purta summer] i stylish / fashionable clothes ~ haine la modi utiof-date clothes -haine demodate shabby clothes - haine ponosite everyday clothes - haine de toaté ia elegant / smart clothes - haine elegante ‘What are you wearing? ‘A-man wears a shirt and a pri of trousers a suit /a raglan fa dinner jacket fan overcoat / a coat /a raincoat / «fur coat aa belt/ a te a te pin / socks ' shoes / boots. ‘A.woman wears a dress ora skirt and a blonse. ‘acoat /a fur coat /a fur eaze / fs wool cardigan / panties or knickers / a bra / nightgown, pyjamas, muffler, gloves, shoes, boots ~ high ~ rubber ~ sandals, hats, eap - a woollen cep ‘fur cap 68 ~~ |‘CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1. Cause and Effect ®) CF Present Tone buys aca _ineosts money. ») Future of Imperative Tf you buy that cam, it will cost «fortune It_You buy thatcar, drive carefull ¢) [Imperative [AND | Future ‘Buy that car and it will est you a fortune. II, Hypothetical but Possible (inthe Present) 9) [it [PresenySebjunctive | Conditional HL. Hypothetical but Impossible (in the Past) Perfect Conditional T_you bought a car today. it would cost you a ot Ifyou Had bought acar’ it would have cost you Tess last year than Exercises 1. Practise the conditional senten 1f you turn le with: Tf you turn right L hotel rmarket 2. school restaurant 3. cinema art galleries 4. chureh café 5. bus stop concert hall 6. the baker's the grocer’s 7. theatre 8, post officeIf you keep straight on sports building hospital ‘central square railway station museum the barber's lake bookshop 2, What will happen if you stay inthe rain ? ‘Tom gets hungry ? Yyou are late for work ? ‘Mc. Smith wins the lottery ? {you tread on broken glass ? you drop a glass ? Sheila doesn't learn English ? Bob leaves the keys in the car? the mechanic doesn’t repai the car’? 3. Provide conditions for these sentences: 2B » telephone him, olf ask for help 1 TE ssonenmnonany take some from the bank. If tum the heat off + Hf veomeneesecnon don’t tel her anything, “If. von Fig the hospital at once. Tee Team harder. + Tf ssn 1080 all the windows. if at Tess 4. Use the words in the boxes in sentences of your own: ants, a jacket, socks, a dress, a red, yellow, pink, a darker shade, Skirt, a blouse, jeans, a sweater, brown, blue, cheaper, tighten, shoes, boots lighter’ shade, my size, a bit larger, ot so expensive 5. Supply the correct from of the verbs in bracket LIE Mary (see) him, she (be) delighted. 2. IFT (ask) you, would you help me? 3. He (play) the piano more often, if he (have) someone to accompany him.4. If they realy (want), they (can) easily win the prize. 5. The soup (taste) better, if it (have) more sat int 6. IF he (be) a gentleman, he (not say) things like that. 7. (Marry) me, if Lasked you? 8. The waiter (serve) quicker, if you (speak) to him nicer. 6. Inwhat circumstances or for what reasons: = will you smile ? = would you visit your bestfriend ? = wouldn't you go to work ? ‘would you take money from the bank ? will you order a big meal ? = will you buy a new dress ? 7, Paul got a bicycle as a birthday present. He rode it to school yesterday and had an accident. : If Paal hadn't ridden the bicyle, he wouldn’: have had that stupid accident. ‘Continue the story. Use the cues below to make conditional sentence of type 3. ‘run into @ bus, break his leg, hit his head, be taken to hospital, be frightened, ruin his bicycle, stay in hospital for two days 8 Answer these questions: ‘What would have happened if you had hadn't vwrite that letter, marry that honible man, leave on holiday, lock the cat in, not laugh at the joke, not answer the phone, be at home after twelve at ght? 9. Translate into English: “‘Daciéajungi acolo insinte de 10,00, suni-mi. = Daci- vezi, amunti-ma ! {aed vei eiti mai mult, vel invifa cuvinte mai multe, ~ Ag pleca acum, dac a5 avea vacant ~ Dac aj fin Jocul thu, ag renunta atat de ugor. ~ Ce-i face eu bani, dacd ai cAstiga la loterie ? = Ceai fi fcut, dact a fi fost in Iocul mea ? Ai fi cumpatat tabloul, dacd n-ar fi fost pictat de unul dintre prietenit wi? - Daci ai fi fost foarte bolnav, doctorul te-arf oprit Ie spital.5 ENGLISH FOR FUN AND NOT ONLY ! ti Revision Exercises 1. Pur the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense: ‘Three men (come) to New York on business. They (travel) the whole night and (be) very tired, so they (stop) atthe firs: hotel. Their room (be) on the thity-ninth floor. After they (aave) some rest, they (go) out and (come) back very late “I (be) sorry” said the clerk of the hotel, “but our lifts (not work) i tonight. You (have) to walk up to your room or sleep in the hall. We (make) beds for you here. ‘The three men said they could walk up to their room and they (start) on their way up. The men stil (climb) the stairs when one of them, Frank by name, (have) an idea: “To make our way easier, I (tell) you some jokes. ‘Then you, John, (sing) us some songs, and you, Robert, (tell) us an 1 ineresting story.” And he (start) telling them the first joke. After Frank { (el) all his jokes and John (sing) all his songs, the three friends (be) i already on the thirty-seventh floor. “Well” said John “afterall the jokes we (heat) on our way here, I'd like to listen to a story with a sad ending. It's your turn now, Robert.” “Pil tell you a story that (be) sad enough”, Rebert replied. “We (leave) the key to our room dovn in the hall.” 2. Fil in the Blanks withthe missing words: WHAT IS TOMMY DOING ? ‘Mother: “Jane, what is Tommy doing 7” Jane: "Well, ifthe ice is... thick ... he thinks, he is skating, but if i the ice is. thick . [think | he is swimming.” Ysomnerermasanmoere i) heat and cold, nANOTHER TOMMY STORY Teacher: “Tel! me, Tommy, in what battle did General Wolfe cry: “We won and I die happy 7” Tommy: “It was in his... battle, Sir.” 3. Fill in the blanks, Think of what is missing “Tommy”, said .... mother”... Want... te go and see how old Mrs, Brown is today.” “Yes, mummy” replied Tommy and a few minutes later returned and said: “Mrs. Brown says... none of your business how old... is.” 4. Put the parts of the story inthe right order: 1, “Didn't Ltell you” s = 62. “Take it to the Zoo”. 5-3. said the man + / ted, a man was walking in the park S."1dia" ~ 6. He still had the monkey. 7.*and he liked it very much."y = 78 answered the policeman 3 9-and asked what t0 do. ~ 57 10: ne asked j © 41. *Now I'm taking it tothe cinema.” | 12, The policeman saw the man again, | 7 313. when he met a monkey. J _ M.Next day ? ~15'To take that monkey tothe Zoo? XG 16.Sobe took itt policeman : 7 1 1TOne day -- 5. Find something shat is younger thar the world ‘ funnier than a politician faster than a cat ‘more beautifial than a woman shorter than a year older than a mountain more comfortable than a plane ‘more expensive than & trip abroad ‘much more tiring than learning English6, Pit the verbs into the correct tense: 1. I (walk) along Piccadilly when I (realiz) that a man with a ginger beard, whom I had seen three times already that afternoon, follow) me. 2. To make quite sure, I (walk) on quickly, (tum) right, then left and (stop) suddenly at a window shop. 3. In a few minutes the man with beard (aopear) and (stop) at another shop window. 4.1 (go on). 5, Whenever I (stop) and whenever I (look) round he (be) there. 6. He (look) a very respectable type and (wear) very conventional clothes, and I (wonder) if he (be) a policeman or «private detective 7.1 (decide) to try and shake him off. 8. A.74 bus (stand) at the bus stop just beside me. 9. Then the conductor (came) downstairs and (ring) the bel; just as the bus (move off), T jump) on it 10. The man with the beard (miss) the bus but (get) into another.74, which (follow) the first. 11. Both buses (crawl) very slowly along Knightsbridge, 12. Every time the buses (pull) up at a stop, the man (look) out anxiously to see if I (get) off. 13, Finally, at some trafic lights he (change) buses and (get) into mine. 14. At Gloucester Road underground I (eave) the bus and (buy) a ticket ata ticket machine. 15. As I (stand) on the platform waiting for a Cirele Line train, my ppursuer (come) down the stirs 16. He (carry) 2 newspaper and when we (get) in the same compartment, he (sit) in one comer ‘reading it and I (read) the advertisments, 17. He (look) over the top of the newspaper at every station to see if L get) out 18:1 (become) tired of being shadowed like this, so finally T (go) and (sit) down beside the man and (ask) him why he (follow) me. 19, At first he (say) he (not follow) me at all, but, when I (threaten) to ‘knock him down, he (say) he (admit) that he was 20. Then he (tell) me he (be) a writer of detective stories and (try) to see if it (be) difficult to follow someone unseen, 21. I (tel) him he hadn't been unseen because I had noticed him in Piccadilly Circus and I (advise) him to shave off his ginger beard if he (not ‘want) his vietim to know he (be) followed, 47, Read the text carefully. Ask the questions and then motivate Where was Douglas Barclay wrong ? What shouldn't he have done ? Can the story be true? If "Yes" - Why ? “No” - Why not? ‘THE CASE OF THE HUNGRY DOG Douglas Barclay generally arrives home from the office at seven o'clock. This evening, however, he did not get in ill nine. As he was not fhome at his usual time, his aunt gave his dinner to the dog. Douglas was very annoyed with her and lost his temper. His aint had a heart attack, collapsed and died. Barclay immediately telephon:d the police and told them what had happened. Detective - inspector Bames has been sent to investigate and he is now asking Barelay a few questons. Question Practice 1. Ask if Douglas Barclay generally arrives home at seven o'clock. 2: Ask who aves home a seven o'clock 3. Ask what time e got in that evening 4. Ask iff got in before or after nine o'clock. 5. Ask who his aunt gave his dinner o 6. Ask if Barelay was annoyed with her 7 Ask why he los his temper. 8. Askifhis aunt had a heat attack 9. Ask who Barelay telephoned. 10. Ask who has been sent to investigate Inspector: 2 Barclay: I arived home at nine o'clock. 5 Inspector: =) Barclay: I know it was nine o'clock because I heard the church clock striking Inspector: 2 Barclay: No, I didn’t ring the front door bell. 1 alw: myself in, Tiesto caer eee eee ‘Barclay: My aunt Mary was in the house, And Biddy, of course. Inspector annem carry my keys, I letBarclay: She is my aunt's dog, She has been with us for nine years and she is considered to be one of the Family. Inspector vee Barclay: No, I generally arrive home at seven o'clock. Inspector: : 1 Barclay: Yes, she was very surprised when she saw me come in so late Inspector: el Barclay: She said that I had not come home ar my usual time and she had given my dinner to the dog, Inspector 1 Barclay: No, Ido not think she was justified in giving my dinner-to the dog, Her excuse was that the dog was 60 fond of pork chops, it seemd @ pity to let them get cold, Inspector. 2 Barelay: Yes, she offered me some fried potatzes that the dog didn't went togetiier with some tinned sardines, Inspector: neve soe Barclay: My reaction was to tell her What I thought of the dog. I became excited and I began to shout at her. My aunt went red in the face and suddenly collapsed. ‘The rest you know. Inspector: ae ? Barclay: Ifyou need me, you may contact me at my office during the day or athome after seven o'clock. ‘What do you thine he thought, about the dog ? - Was he guilty or not ?: -NGLISH FOR NURSES _ PART Two MEDICAL TEXTS THE BODY AS A WHOLE © PHYSICAL NEEDS OF THE PATIENTS @ SPECIAL DIETS @ ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING © PROVIDING FEEDING ASSISTANCE; PREVENTION OF [CHOKING © PRINCIPLES OF INTERVENTION @ FACING |DEATH © SOCIALIZATION NEEDS © SPECIAL EDUCATION © EDUCATION FOR SPECIAL CHILDREN @ VACCINATION AND MHHUNIZATION © GLANDS @ SEXUALITY @ FIRST AID © ACQUIRED IMMUNO DEFICIENCY SYNDROME © CONSOLIDATION @ READING FOR FUN AND NOT ONLY} THE BODY AS A WHOLE PARTS AND CAVITIES The study ofthe caves introduces you othe interior of the body and helps you to remember where the various parts are paced, ‘Working iom the inside out, We wil deserbsthe skeleton, the muscles and then the skin, These form th framework and covering ofthe body. The ster sytem exist and work between and within these to. ‘The study ofthe parts ofthe body i anatomy he stily of what they do in plosolog. Study the diagrams carefully. Learn exactly where the various bones and organs are, s0 that when you come fo Team abot them you wil know How they fit ia with each ote and roughly what sie they ae ‘Anatomie, the body is dvided up ino four parts 1 Head. 2 trunk 5. Upper limbs 4. Lover limbs. “The eaves in he tank ar: I'he abdomen, called mistskenly a stomach or tummy. The real stomch sa relatively small orgaa, high nthe abdomen, "he libs have no eave, being concerned vith movement rater than containing organs. (Se diagram page 14). "The eavites nthe tak are lined with membrane. This continues without a break over the surface of the opans cortaned in the cavity. The Drzans are not completely enclosed in the evity but are ina way suspended info them, This inlodes the long alimentary ea. “The hearin the pericardial cavity. The membrane covering the walls of the cavity and the Heri the pericardium “The Langs cin the plana! cavity, being covered by the called the pleura “The abdominal organs le in the peritoneal cary, and are covered with the membrane calle the peritoneum. “The cavities described do not infact have any apace to spare. The layers of membrane rob against one another, being brated by fluid, Only in {eetion such at pestons (alammaton ofthe pesitonetm) i the Eid, and therefore the space nereased. ‘These membranes are Very imporant, forthe hold the organs, vessels and nerves, inthe right Paces while giving, a cenain freedom of fovetpent. They ae a further protetion against sfetion and store fat for ‘vara braneExercises 1. Change these sentences from active into passive on the model: ‘model: People speak English all over the world. English is spoken all over the world 1, They make progress in science every day 2. They make cheese out of milk 3. He hurt his leg in an accident, 4. People always admire Mona Lisa. 5, People will forget tis film in a few yedrs' time. 6. They punished him for something he didn’t do, 7. Somebody left the dog in the garden. 8. We shall discuss this matter tomorrow. 9. Somebody can easily cook this meal, 10. He wrote the book beautifully. 302. Comprehension Questions 1 Who order the dit restrictions? 1 When are eating pattems established ? ‘= Who cares abou the patient’ likes and ses wen planning meno? A wate ear it? What do they provide? When is ow sodium diet usually ordered? What docs it ttl eliminate? {Which patients are on a disbetic diet? 4 How much sugar they allowed to tke? {2+ What does lowfat det eliminate? M1 For vihich patients is it regulary recomended? ‘> Ae patients with digestive problems recommended a special diet? \P What foods are not estrite in herder? Which diets the best forthe patients wo have chewing problems ? UBermarin th ie ey a ot even regular food? IF some patents are allergic to soe foe, should (G-whar isa nuttion!sopplement? YU Who wil benefit byt? starve? 43. Circle the correct answer. There is only one correct answer. 1. The nurse specifies the type of diet which is most therapeutic for the patient ate Difalse 9022%n which type of diet is sugar eliminated ? ~ bland ~ low sodium diabetic low fat 3. Which diet has no restrictions ? - bland purée = mechsnical soft. ~ regular 4 Ifa patient has coronary artery disease and is not allowed to eat fried foods, gravy sauces or foods using whole milk, what type of dit is he/she on ? + low fat = Iow sedium = diabetic pureed 5. The patient who is unable to chew may be placed on a purée diet a. true b. false 6. When planning the patient's diet which of the following must be considered ? - nutrition + food allergies and restrictions likes and dislikes IL ofthe above none of the above 17. Itis very difficult to change the patient's eating habits. a. true b.false} THE BODY AS A WHOLE PARTS AND CAVITIES “The study ofthe cavities introduces you to the interior of the body and helps you to remember where the varius parts are olaced. "Working from the laude ot, We Wil deseibe the skeleton, the muscles and then the sia. ‘These form the framework and covering ofthe body. The ther sytem exis and work between and within thexe two. “The study ofthe pars ofthe body Is anatomy; the sty of what they do ery Be i ful. Lora exactly here the varios bos and organs ae, s0 tat when You come fo esrb about them you wil know How they fit in with each othe? and roughly what ie they ae "Anatoriealy, the body fs dvided ip into four pat: 1 Head. 2:Tronk 3, Upp limbs 4 Lower limbs. The eaves ine trunk ae: 1."The abdomen, called mistakenly « stomach or tummy. The real stomach sa relatively sll organ, high nthe abdomen, "The limbs have no cavities. being concerned with movement rather than containing organs, (See dagrat page 18). "The eavites iy the trink are lined with membrane. This continues without «bree over the surface of the organs contained ia the cavity. The boreans ae not completly enclosed in the eavly but are in a Way suspended Sint them. This includes the long alimentary cana. “The heat in the periaardial east. The membrane covering the walls of the cavity and the heart the pericardium "The lungs le in the pleural cavity, being ceveed by the membrane calle the pleura. “The sbdominal organs lie in the peritoneal cai, and are covered with the membrane called the peritoneum, "The eaves described do notin act have any space to spare. The layers of membrane rob against one another, being lubeated by fuid. Only inteeion such as pestonits (aflammation of the ptitoneam) isthe Mi, and therefore the space, inressed. ‘These membranes ae very important, for they hold the organs, vessels and nerves in. thet tight Plcet while giving. 2 cenain freedom of ovement. They ar a futhe protetion agaist ffetion and stor fat for warmth 9a penal eavity —\ pericardial eavity { I \ I diaphragm f}-|— peritoneal cavity Body cavities isphragm INSIDE THE ABDOMEN (Showing the position and size of organs)g 5 4 g 4 B82 endcites ‘THE NERVOUS SYSTEM can be divided into the central rervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (the nerves that branch out to all parts ‘of the body from the central nervous system).? easoronscctan syst Sogular vein Superior a velisea Superior vena cava er, plmonary atery sa ‘Bulga ane "Rg atiam Neh The human circulation is made up of 60,000 miles (96,500 km) of tubing. Branching from th aorta are arteries ak ing oxygen-rich blood to all body part. The blood returns to the heart in the veins and is thea carried tothe lungs to be reoxygenate. rt covering ‘Smooth muscle ining ells backflow. LOKBD0 by Casi artery Suen \— forts Hear | Cirtttion Femoral Beg ‘Femoral ‘Cannete tisue The walls of arteries and veins comprise the same four tissues, but arteries have more muscle ‘0 withstand more blood pressure. Blocd flow in veiis is aided by nearby muscles; valves prevent Blood flow in the heart is controlled by valves. The ticuspid valve controls flow from right atrium to right ventricle, the mitral valve controls flow from left atrium to left ventricle. guard the entrances tothe aorta and pul- ‘monary artery in order to prevent back- flow of blood after the heart contracts. Valves. also 3 ~bASarcie Eola are! -i PHYSICAL NEEDS OF THE PATIENT ‘We all have the same physical needs. Most adults fulfil these needs for themselves; however, illness, age and handicaps can interfere with the person's ability to take care of these needs without assistance. The basic physical needs of everyone, patients included, are: 1. Sleep 2. Exercise 3. Food 4. Elimination 5. Cleanliness 1, Sleep is necessary for our bodies and minds to rest and to be able to continue the activites Of the next day. Rest is particulary important for people who ate weak or ill, Much of their energy is directed toward healing land overcoming the weakness, Rest and sleep renew energy; therefore, the person who is weak and/or il will need mote rest. 2, Exercise is what ali of us need. Patients need exercise much more than the rest of us. They should be encouraged to move within their physical Timsits. Walking is one of the best form of exercise. Patients who are able to ‘walk should be encouraged to do it. If they cannot walle by themselves, the nurse will provide a chain of exercises meant to Felp them regain mobility 3, Food provides the energy for our bodies. Eating is also enjoyable and ‘most often a time to be with the other people. The nurse should encoura the patient to eat and can help make meal times relaxing and pleasurable. If assistance is needed in cutting food, this should be provided in « pleasant and cheerful way. 4, Elimination is absolutely normal for everybody. All body processes produce waste materials thet must be eliminated, Many patients may need assistance when eliminating the waste products through urine and feces. Helping the patient remember to use the toilet or assisting him when help is needed eases his/her embarrassment '5. Cleantiness is essential in killing bacteria and germs. Tr means assisting the patient in bething, nail and teeth care and hair care as well. This helps patients feel good about their appearance. VOCABULARY AND USEFUL LANGUAGE physical needs -necesititi fizice ability -capacitate assistance - ajutor 24 :mind - minte rest odihn particularly - in mod deosebit to overcome - a depisi ‘within thelr physical limits - in limita propre condi fzice to provide -a ssigura ‘enjoyable - plcut to help the patient remember - ajuta pacientul s-si aminteasc& ‘embarrassment - jen to feel good about one’s appearance -a se sin bine GRAMMAR, «@ REMEMBER the - self Pronouns T-mysel wwe - ourselves you yourself you - yourselves ine - himselt they - themselves she- herself it- itself ‘They may be Reflexive Pronuns if placed next to« verb ‘eg. todress oneself - dressed myself and leftin five minutes, or they may be Emphastzing Pronouns: eg. Imyself saw her there yesterday. ‘Mary herself was on the phone. But: to do something by oneself = a face ceva singur, fir ajutor eg. If they cannot walk by themselves, the nurze will help them“ ‘nu se pot deplasa singuri asistenta fi va ajuta, 2, SHOULD - trebuie sa, ‘modal verb to show moral obligation, este recomandabil sia piece of advice ete. eg. Patients should be encouraged to do it. Este recomandabil ea pacienti si fie incursjati si o faci (trebuie) Exercises 1, Fill in the blanks with the reflexive pronouns: L.Tlost ina strange city. 2. Enjoy ! 3. Nobody can see as others sec him. 854. We dy wrnnnenrne 08 8 tOWEL. 5, Some people kill, with worry. 6. Behave ml 2. Put in the reflexive or the emphasizing pronouns and explain their use. 1. Mary enjoyed... at the cinema, DLL nut sneer Climbing over the gate | 3. He said he was not at the theatre but I saw him there, 4, Lmade this cake al by | 5. You must write the leter 6. She looked at in the mirror. 7. One can easily lose. in a forest 8. John ‘wrote the posteard and posted it. 91. You said $0... 10, Help : 3. Restate the sentences using “Should” ‘eg. You are sick. Why don't you see a docter? You are sick. You should see a doctor. 1. He works very hard, Why doesn’t he have some rest? ‘This car is old. Way doesn’t he sell it? . The film is very good. Why don’t you see it? “The road is icy. Why don't you drive mor: slowly ? raining. Why doesn't she pat her raincoat on? He's got a bad cough. Why doesn’t he give up smoking 7 They've studied hard. Why don’t they take the exam ? It's their fault. Why don’t they apologize ? >. He is very tired. Why doesn’t he take a day off ? (0. She's very fat. Why doesn’t she go on a diet? 4.Cirele the correct answer. There is only one answer. 1. There are five basic physical needs for everyone, two of which are food and sleep. What is another basic physical need ? a. laughter b. entertainment e.fun 4. exercise 2. A person who is weak andlor ill needs more rest than the average person.” a. true b. false 363, Walking is one of the best forms of exercise I. ine b fle | 4. Oniy pants wh cn waned regula exerci. fat b fle 5. nergy forthe body is prvide by shar ae b fle “food “light 6. Only oe ofthe body prceie products waste materials a. true b. false 7. The nurse can help ease embarrassment by helping the patient remember to use the toilet helping the patient when going to the toilet cleaning up accidents in - a matter-of-fact manner a.true ». false 8, Keeping a patient clean promotes physical kealth a. true . false TIME FOR FUN! Riddles # My colour is my name. (the or____e) # Wooden hut ‘Small and shut. (hen) 4 Like a bell, Yellow, Mellow, Can you tell? (he padSPECIAL DIETS ‘Among many others the nurse is responsible for seeing that patents ive the diets ordered. In adéition tothe diet restrictions ordeved by the physician, each patient will havea set of particular likes and dislikes. Eat puters are established early in lif and people tend to eat the samme kind oF food throughout their lives, I: is very difficult to change the eating habits of| the patient. Therefore the dietician must take these likes and distkes into ‘consideration when planning individual menus. ‘Some patients find it difficult to be on a special diet. They may take restricted foods from other patients or family and friends may provide it "The nurse must be alert to these incidents and mast explain to the patient and the family why itis important to stay on the preseribed diet even though ivis digicult. Regular diets are planned by a dietician to provide the recommended éaily amounts df the basi 4 groups of food. ‘L&W odium diet is usually ordered in high blood pressure. Since the rain source of sodium in our diets comes from salt, foods which contain {arge amounts of salt wil be restrieted. The patients will nt be served ham sausages, bacon, comed beef, potato chips, pickles and of eourse there will be no salt packs on the patient's food tay. Diabetic dict. Patients with diabetes will be on a special diet, Sugar will be eliminated and an atificial sweetener or fruit juice will be Substituted. Desserts and snacks will usually be fruit raiher than pie, cookies, candy or pudding. Regular ee crear wil be substituted by diabetic ce cream. per furss—? Tow fal act ay be odered for paints with coronary artery disease or who prove overweight. Itis also called low cholestrol diet, Is eliminates fied foods, gravy eream sauces, luncheon meats, whole milk products. Low or nonfat milk or milk produets will be substituted. Bland dict is recommended to the patients with digestive problems. “This diet eliminates gas-producing foods (beans, cabbage, onions), ston, spices, pepper, coffee and tea, Decaffeinated coffee, herb tea and salt are rot restricted Mechanical soft diet is always the best for the patients who have chewing problems caused by poor or missing teeth, This means that the food is eut into very small pieces before itis served. Purge diet is served to te patients who cannot eat at all or who are atthe risk of choking. Most food is placed in a blender and reduced to almost a liquid state so that it requires no chewing. Soft and smooth foods, such as puddings, eggs and soup, are not patina blender. 88Some patients may be allergic to specific focds. This will be noted in the patient's chart and must be considered when planning 2 dict, In order to ensure adequate nutrition, the doctor may order a miritional supplement. This is usually in the form of a high protein drink. The nurse will be responsible for seeing that the patients receive and drink the supplement. VOCABULARY to see that -avea grijé ce fa set of likes and dislikes - Jucruri ce pac seu nuvi plac eating habits - obiceiuci de brand /alimentatie to take into consideration - a lus in considertic to find it difficult - si veni greu si regular diets -regimul obisnuit to provide - a ssigura, a oferi large amounts of - mari cantititi de food tray - tava cu mancare ‘sweetener - induleitor rather than - mai degraba decat to be substituted - a fi substituit herb tea -ceai de plante to chew -a mesteca to choke - ase sufoca soft - moale smooth - neted patient's chart - figa pacientului to be at the risk of a prezents riscul de a GRAMMAR, The Passive Voice — Be + VB, (Tho Past Partlpie resent Tense - Low ft diet is odered for overweight patients | Past Tense No pickles were reconmended the patient Future Tense = Nonfat milk and milk produts il be substied In a Passive Voice sentence what we conjugate isthe verb ro BE: PRESENT TENSE SIMPLE PASSIVE - IS / ARE + VB, PAST TENSE SIMPLE PASSIVE - WAS) WERB + VB, FUTURE TENSE SIMPLE PASSIVE” - WILLBE+ VB, All the other tenses can be built on the same pattern. 9 RopanaExercises 1. Change these sentences from active into paisive on the mode: ‘model: People speak English all over the world. English is spoken all over the woud 1. They make progress in science every day 2. They make cheese out of milk. 3. He hur his leg in an accident. 4, People always admire Mona Lisa. '5, People will forget this film in a few yeirs’ time. 6 ‘They punished him for something he didn’t do. 7. Somebody let he dog in the garden. 8 We shall discuss this matter tomorrow. 9, Somebody can easily cook this meal 10. He wrote the book beautifully. 2. Comprehension Questions: 1 = Who orders the diet restrictions? ‘When are eating paters established 7 ‘Who cares about the patient's ikes and dikes when planning & menu? AY What are regular dis? @) What do they provide? {¢ When slow sodium diet usually ordered? ‘What does it totally eliminate? 4+ Which patients are on a diabetic diet ? ‘How much sixgarare they alfowed to take ? {e- What does low fat dit eliminste? MY For which patients i it regularly recomtended ? ‘Are patients with digestive problems recommended a special diet? \y What foods are not restricted in their dit 7 Which diets the best for the paticnts wo have chewing problemas? ‘What is the risk they are a, if given regular food 7 . If some patients are allergic to sofie,food, should they starve ? ‘$-Wnat is «nutritional supplement ? YE Who wil benefitby it? 45. Circle the correct answer. There is only ote correct answer. 1. The nurse specifies the type of dist waich is most therapeutic for the patient. a. true false 902sin which type of diet is sugar eliminated ~ bland “low sodium = diabetic “low fat 3, Which diet has no restrictions 7 bland = purée = mechanical sft ~ regular 4, Ifa patient has coronary artery disease and i not allowed to eat fried foods, gravy sauces or foods using whole milk, what type of dit is he/she on ? = low fat “ow sodium diabetic pureed 5. The patient who is unable to chew may be piaced on a purée diet, 8. true », false 6. When planning the patient's diet which of the following must be considered ? + nutrition + food allergies and restrictions = Tikes and dislikes i = all of the above none of the above 7. This very difficult to change the patient's eating habits a. true b. false4, Given the following Meals, Food and Percentage of Calories, try to ‘establish the correct menu for your patient. MEAL [Foop. PERCENTAGE of CALORTERS | ‘Breakfast | Cereal 20% Eee 20% Toast 30% Margarine 20% Milk 10% Iuice 100% Lunch / Dinner | Meat, Fowl, Fish | 40% | Potato, Pasta | 10% Vegetable S% Bread Margarine | 20% Dessert 15% 100% 5. Think of different types of diets and establish she menus for different patients. 6, Read with the dictionary. ‘Slimming Diets. If you weigh more than is considcied normal for your height and sex, then you should try to lose the excess weight to improve your physical fitness. If you are overweight or obese, this is because the food you eat contains more calories than you yse in physical activity, The aim of all slimming Giets is, therefore, to reduce the amount of calories you take in, while retaining the necessary amounts of proteins, minerals, and other nutrients. ‘There is no easy or simple way of doing this, and you should be cautions of diets you hear of o read about that claim to have 2 “magic formula” for losing weight. Beware especially of diets that allow you t0 eat as much as you want of certain categoriés of foods, and slso of diets that claim thet ‘grapefruit, lemon, or other citrus fruits ean speed up the conversion of fatto tenergy, Thee is no scientific evidence to suppor this claim. “Many of the pills that elaim to reduce appetite are ineffective, and even those that are prescribed by physicians can sometimes have disturbing side fects, notably restlessness and emotional tension. Artificial sweeteners that may be used instead of sugar in drinks and in cooking do indeed contain less calories than sugar, but they also may have side effectsjIt is far ‘more sensible to adjust your eating habits and accustom yourself to ‘unsweetened drinks and foods. Substitute foods and low-calorie drinks and foods that are specially prepared for dieters are expensive, and often have less satisfaetory taste than the natura products {ney claim to replace. 2/ ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING ‘Activities of daily living ae all those routine activites we dé each day care for ourselves, Bathing, dressing, eating, shopping and paying bills 2 all examples of activites of daily living. Some aze coramon t most ople, like teeth-brushing and bathing, while olhers apply only to some sople. Shaving may be & daily activity for mos: men, but for those who car full beards iti not. Cooking may also be an activity of daily living if ou live alone, butt is notif you lve with someote who cooks fo yo. When a person is able to take caro,of all these activities without any elp or assistance, that peeson i an independent person ‘Unfortunately, accidents and illness can limita persons independence at ny age. Automobile accidents, falls, and diseases such as multiple sclerosis /and cerebral palsy limit many younger adult's ability to be independent / Maay chronic conditions associated witt- aging st well asthe crippling of authrtis or the tremors of Parkinson's disease may affect a person's ability to accomplish his/her daily activities without help or assistance. Loss of independence can also be the result of depression and confusion. They both rob the patient of the dese and ability to perform these activites, Increased dependence may also be the result of long periods of inactivity. Muscles become weak and tasks more difficult to accomplish also influences the patients feling of self-esteem, Tt is the nuise's responsibilty to help patients become independent again, This will help them feel better about themselves and will, litle by litte, decrease dependency. There are 4 arcas in which a patient may be helped to regain some of his independence: 1. Physical strength and ability - the special programs of physical therapy meant to regain strength and ability. It is of utmost importance that patients should be encouraged in these programs. If praised they do not fel |_-frustrated or discouraged, Nurses should provide temporary assistance, reinforcing the belief that soon they will be able to do everything all-by themselves. 2. Special training means being exeative in figuring out possible ways of accomplishing a task/activity 5. Assistive devices are all those devices that help the handicapped do otherttse impossible activites. e. items of clothing which are adapted for easy dressing and undressing) 4. Adaptive equipment enables the patiert to perform a bodily function he/she otherwise would be unable todo. (eg. a wheelchair to attain mobility, a hearing aid to help the hard of heazing people) 93/ |} vocaBULaRy AND USEFUL LANGUAGE daily activities - activities accomplished every day multiple sclerosis - chronic degenerative disease of the nervous system sulting in decreased ability to move ‘cerebral palsy - chronic disease of the nervous system resulting in uncontrolled movement chronic - ongoing arthritis - chronie disease of the joints resuking in stiffness and pain Parkinson's disease - disorder ofthe nervous system resulting in body stiffness and pain «2 REMEMBER! Suffixes and prefixes help you to build up new words. 1. suffixes leter(s) or syllnble(s) added atthe end of a word to make anotter Word, noun -+-ly adjective: day -daily month - monthly adverb: week - weekly year- yearly adjective + -ly — adverb: fortunate - fortunately ‘unfortunate - unfortunately adjective + -ness —» noun: stff- stiffness ‘weak - weakness 2. prefixes - word or syllable placed in frott of a word to add lor change its meaning: in- dependent # independent un-} negative meaning happy * unbapey a ability + sail 3, CAN=TO BE ABLE TO -a fin stare s& ‘They will be able to do everything all ty themselves. fee Future ‘TO BE ABLE TO is used to form of CAN the Past Tense e.g. After the physical therapy program: they were able to regain strength and ability Don’t forget COULD = conditional of CAN (but also Past Tense) Arpatea ar dor 941. Comprehesion Questions: = What are the activities of daily living ? “Vip ~ Can patients be responsible for their own activities of daily living ? a ‘What do we call an independent person ? = When do people lose their independence ? = What i the nurse's responsibility in assisting the patient ? Wiat are the areas in which a patient can be helped regain some of histher independence ? = What does physical suength and ability mean ? = What are the assistive devices ? = What isthe role ofthe adaptive equipment ? 2. Using the negative prefixes: un, dis- and in- build the corresponding antonyms ofthe following words and use them in sentences of YO Dine. verbs: appear, believe, approve, agree a 2 iy pro TATEEStng, Believable 3. Use the suffix -ness 10 build nouns corresponding to the following ‘adjectives and use them in your own sentences: helpless, careless, friendly 4 Complete th sentences sho what you think Ue some of the avers in the box. * f ‘ers ‘example: How do you think a good doctor works ? I think a good doctor works quickly and patiently slowly _quielly confidently dilly honeslly noisily politely seriously selfishly formally sadly’ efficiently _busily sly _cheapl 5. Circle the correct answer. There is only one corréet answer. 1. Which of the following activities ae activities of daily living ? = bathing ~ dressing “eating all of the above = none of the above2. Many chronic conditions associated with aging result in & loss of some independence. b.false 3. Some areas in which a nurse can help « patient become more independet include: = physical strength and agility = special waining - physical strength, agility and special taining = none of the above areas 4, When dealing with dependent patients, itis velpful ifthe nurse ~ does the task forthe patient - discourages the patient from doing anything + encourages the patient to do the tsk helshe is able to do _-.dpesn’t do anything 5. Special training Wiciodes fine task b. false 6. Few assistive devices are available to help dependent patients accomplish otherwise impossible tasks, b. false ‘7. Which ofthe following is adaptive equipment ? walking - stick - wheelchair hearing aid + all of the above equipment - none of the above equipment i 8, When trying to help an uncooperative patiert, itis the best to be firm bat pleasant, Ble | 6. Write a short dialogue between a doctor and ssmebody who complains i that he has a bad memory. i 96i h PROVIDING FEEDING ASSISTANCE; PREVENTION OF CHOKING ~* } ‘There are patients that may need a great deal of assistance while eating, | this requires patience and understanding onthe an of te sss. Whos | feedings dependent paint, te surse must remember tat heise san adit and nota child, A pleasant convertion shouldbe caied on as Jou are | eng she patient. This wil provide the naarl socialization that Usaly occurs during mealtimes. | ‘There are many patients who have difficulty in chewing and swallowing and therefore they fequire apeial tention, close sbpervision While cating, Be certain the resident’ individual feeding plan is followed ~The food shouldbe eat into smal pieces and cffeed in smal amounts ‘Waitunti each portion is cheved and swallowed before mores given, Ii choking does occur there ray be partial or complete Blocking ofthe | sway peril obstrction = some air may be pasting. to "or of patil obstruction al obstruction Ai Bisseu, 1uteestng, believable ~Whasrinfantage, ability, agreement, comfort 3, Use the suf -ness to build nouns corresponding to the followin adjectives and use them in your own sentences. "¢ @ ¥ helpless, careless, endl 4 Complete the sentences sho what you think Use some of th avers jin the box, * example: How do you think a god decor wos? "think good deter won quand pony. slowly quietly confidently fidily honesty noisily . politely seriously selfishly formally sadly efficiently busily ely cheaply 5. Circle the correct answer. There is only one correct answer, 1, Which of the fotiowing activities are activities of daily living ? + bathing ~ dressing eating. all of the above none of the above2, Many chronic conditions associated with aging result in a loss of independence. bi. false 3. Some areas in which a nurse can help @ patient become more independet include: - physical strength and agility, + special training, - physical strength agility and special training “none of the above areas 4, When dealing with dependent patients, iis helpful if the nurse = does the task forthe patient discourages the patient from doing. = encourages the patient to do the task he/she is able to do doesn to angthing ime 2m: Siding other nesara ays to accomplish @ false 7 6. Few assistive devices a secomplih therviseimpossiie taka DAP dependent patients B.fae 7. Which ofthe following walking stick = wheelehgir ~ hearing aid ~ all ofthe above equipment one of the above equipment is adaptive equipnent? 6. Write a short dialogue that be has & bd memes een & doe ‘memory, 96h PROVIDING FEEDING ASSISTANCE; PREVENTION OF CHOKING ~*~ ‘Tere are patients that may ned gest eal of essstance while eating ‘his requires patience and wndertanding on the 2a of the nurse. When feuding 3 deperdent patient, the nurse must remeraber that else Is an aut tn noha fil A pleasant conversation should Ye carved on a8 you are feeding the patent ‘This wil provide te natural socialization tat sully tccurs during meaimes, "There are many patents who have dificult in chewing and swallowing and therefore they Feqire special stenton, a close supervision while tating. Be eertn te eden’ indivi! feding sani fllowed “Fine food should be cat into soll pieces an offered in smal amount ‘Waitunl eech potion is chewed and swallowed before motes piven, Ir ehoking docs eccr there may be pail or complete Slocking ofthe sway, pial eborcton = some array be pring ein 5 Of pri obsrcton sr "Wheezing or ging in trator airway J “Uinuoal breathing dificult in breathing 1, "High pitch noise caused by a spasm in the larynx. ihe patent is conscious and cen breathe, asi wth coughing to free the * Obstion fom te irway. In total obstustion, the airway fs eompletly Blocked Signs ae Chteing the throat " suenty unable to speak or bene or cous: ‘The patient may quickly become unconscicus; immediate action is necessary. Call for help and to assist in clearing the obstruction, VOCABULARY AND USEFUL LANGUAGE ‘a great deal of - mult; aici -fn mare misuri to require -a necesita, a cere to feed, fed, fed - a hrini to prevent & preveni, a impiedica ‘a dose supervision - o supraveghere atenti be certain that - asigurati-vi cf, fii siguri cd to follow - a urma ‘small amounts - cantitigi mici ‘partial blocking - blocaj partial . 7airway - cale respiratorie i sign - semn to wheeze - a respira greu, astmatic; a isd, a guiera to gurgle- a gilgti, a bolborosi high pitched noises - sunete inate to be conscious - afi constient / unconscious - afi inconstient, to clear - a curite, aelimina | GRAMMAR ‘THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN OBJECT CLAUSES main clause subordinate clause ESENT | + [that] + [ANY LOGICAL TENSE —— Sm a [RASTPERFECT] « (prior action) TASTTENGE] + + Least | FAST TENSE] - hitman gions) [FUTURE in the PAST] - (a future action) ~~ her son is at the hospital her daughter is reading for an exam. e.g. She knows that {her friend will never come back. her husband has already sold the car all her family would enjoy it SeDicat fie best iiend had divorced, She found out that {her neighbour was a clos relative of ers. . |her parents would sete in the countryside Note: ~ “That” may be omitted. ) {WHEN SHALI AS SOON AS REMEMBER thet younever use {ivory after {TILL LL. UNTIL lieThe only tenses that you can use are either Present or Present Perfect according tothe context. ‘you open the box. ee ene ti, you have opened the box. re Pe. Exercises 1. Use the verbs in brackets in appropriate tenses observing the rules of the Sequence of Tenses in Object Clauses: |. Mary wired that she (Co arrive) on the following day. He knew that she (not to have) time to read his long letter, 3. Harris said he (to know) what kind of job Ito mean). |. All that day she did as she (to tell) Roger she (will). replied that I (to be) very well, and that I (© hope) she (to be) the 6, He knows that I (to be busy) yesterday and that I (to be busy) tomorrow, 7. The teacher thought thatthe students of that group (can) translate the text without any difficulty. 8. He asked us when he (to have to) make the report on that subject. 9. Lknew that if it (o rain) they would stay at home. 10. We were told a lot of English volumes (to come) to our Library, 2, Recall an episode of your childhood when you were not understood by the grownups 3, Translate into English: ‘Nu am crezut ci ma vei tnfelege atit de bine, Nu m-ai anuntat find vei vei, Te voi suna de indatl ce primese un rispuns Regret, ins cdnd vei vent la noi, el nu va mau fi acast Era sigur ete va Inti az, insé nu te-a mai putut astepta Pe atunci nu am crezut ci ai dreptate, Voi trimite cartea de indati ce ajung acast Cand vor sosi tof invitatii, ne vor aseza la mast. ‘Nu voi face nimic pang nu-mi dai amdnunte 10. Paciental a vrut si stie daci doctorul va reveni fn clinic fn 2iua 99 \s4. Imagine a short paragraph about an unpleatant incident using the words to prevent, to requite, to wheeze, to gurgle food, a great deal ff, a close supervision, to be certair that, to call for the doctor. ( 5. Comprehension Questions \ 1. Which patients need feeding assistance ? \ ‘What does it require on the part the nurse? ‘Why do some patients need close supervision while eating ? How should food be offered to avoid choking ? ‘Which are the signs of partial obstructicn ? ‘What happens in total obstruction ? How can you recognize total obstruction ? ‘What must a nurse do if total obstruction occurs ? 3, Read the text with the help ofthe dictionary ‘Smoking and Heart Disease ‘The relationship between smoking and lung cancer is obvious; inhaling smoke many times every day ought to have harmful consequences. Surprisingly few people see the relationship between heart disease and smoking. In fact, the risk of a smoker dying of heart disease as a result of smoking is about the same as the risk of dying of cancer. ‘Nicotine and carbon monoxide both play a role in deaths due to cigarette smoking. Nicotine causes an increare in the heart rate and blood pressure, while carbon monoxide decreases the amount of oxygen delivered to the cells of the body, requiring that the heart work harder. Smoking Increases the risk of arteriosclerosis or hardenng of the arteries, stroke, and coronary heart disease. ‘Smoking is a particular risk for women who use oral contraceptives. The rate of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases is increased in women who smoke and take the pill, compared to women who do not smoke. The risk of myocardial infarct (a kind of heart attack) is ten times as great in women who smoke and tke the pill in those who do neither. /The frequency of other kinds of cardiovascular problems such stroke are also increasing in women. The woman who is a pack-a-day smoker has almost tree times the risk of stroke as nonsmoking women. The good news about smoking and cardiovascular problems is that they cem to be reversible. Those former smokers who have not smoked in five {ten years have no higher risk of heart diseas> than nonsmokers, 100t PRINCIPLES OF I 'ERVENTIO) ‘This lesson aims at presenting some approaches to problem behaviours which may help the nurse change the patient's behsviour. People have different feelings about the people around. So it is quite ronal for the nurse to have different feelings for the patients. Some of them may make you angry, some may make you happy, while others may hurt your feelings. These are natural feelings, but it is important not to let them interfere With quality care for every patient. It is never appropriate to express your anger or hurt, ether verbally or physically, ‘Aga nurse you can help the patients change inappropriate behaviour by the way in which you respond to them. Once you understand why a patient behaves in a certain way, you can begin to help hirvhner change the negative behaviours into positive Ones. The way in which you respond to the pats will ether renforee the behaviour and cause itt happen again or estinguish the behaviour, FFear causes some patients‘to be anxious and suspicious. Being actively friendly with a frightened’ or suspicious patient will only increase the problem. A feeling of security needs to be established. This is best done by fing the person know you care and by offering help, but letting the patient request your help, ‘Some people have lifelong pattems of manipulative behaviour. By ‘manipulating people they get what they want. The manipulative person % usually uses your desire to help, making you féel guilty to achieve his/her goals. Matter-of-factness is the best approach for this type of behaviour. ression isthe most common mental illness among elderly. It is often Justified considering the extent of Toss as one ages. When it interferes with the patient’s daily activites, firm kindness must be used. You must be willing to listen to his/her negative feelings, but flim in insisting that he/she must get up, dress and eat. The depressed patients need you to take initiatives. Confusion may be temporary or permanent. Often the trauma of becoming patient may cause temporary confusion. After a period of adjustment, the patient will again be alert and oriented. They may appear absent-minded, forgetful and may tend to wander, A friendly and calm approach works best with these patients. Objects sih large calendars and clocks will help he patient remain oriented. Discussing the weather, time of year, approaching holidays will also help him/her. Reality orientation. Should become a normal part of your fhteraction with the confused patient. Confusing is frightening and they need a great deal of understanding and 101approach - modalitate de abordare a unei probleme appropriate - potrivit to interfere - a interveni in, a se amesteca in to behave -2 se comporta anxious - temitor suspicious - suspicios lifelong patterns -tipare de o viaté ‘matter-of-factness- indiferenta + elderly - varstnie(i) period of adjustment - perioadi de adaptare to be alert - afi vioi absent-minded - absent, impristist reality orfentation - orientarea fn reaitate {interaction -interactiune rerassurance - Sncurajare GRAMMAR ‘THE REPORTED SPEECH = dialog —> narrative “if the reporting verb is in the present ther: is no change in the reported ‘But if the reporting tense is PAST TENSE then PRESENT TENSE ‘The patient said:"T'm tired” ‘The patient said that he was tired. "AST TENSE, PRESENT PERFECT —> PAST PERFECT ‘The patient said: “haven't eaten yet.” ‘The patient said that he had not eaten yet. PAST TENSE -> PAST PERFECT ‘The patient said: “My back hurt me all day yesterday.” ‘The patient said that his back had hurt him the day before. FUTURE TENSE -» FUTURE IN THE PAST ‘The patient said: “T'l have nothing to eat tonight.” ‘The patient said that he would have nothing to eat that night.REMEMBER: tonight — that night now => then tomorrow the nextday here — there next week — the next week this > that these > those Exercines 1, Comprehension Questions: 1. Cen the nurse change the patient's behavioue? 2. How can a nurse change the patient's behaviour ? 3. What is of utmost importance in your relation with the patient ? 4, What does fear cause?” ~ 5, How should a nurse behave with a suspicious patient 7, 6. Which are the manipulative patients ? 7. Which is the way of treating them ? 8. What is depression justified by ? 9, What do the depressed patients need? 10. How can confusion be? 11. How may the confused patients appear ? 12. Which approach is best for them ? 13, Can large objects in the room be of any use to them ? 114, How ean a nurse help a confused patient become reality oriented ? 2. Report the following sentences using the introductory verb in the past: eg “Lcan't find my glasses”. ‘The old woman Said that she couldn't find her glasses. 1. Mrs, Brown to her husband: “I have a terrible heedache” 2! Mary: “I don’t want to go to school.” 3."The doctor to the woman: “You'll have to siay in bed for afew days.” 4. told the policeman: “I saw how the accident happened, 5. The doctor remarked: “You have nothing te worry abot. 6. The young woman complained to her friend: “The baby has been crying all day.” 17. The secretary told the manager: “Mrs. Smith has just called” 8, The doctor told his patient: “You must take a ong rest.” 9. The policeman told the driver: “You must dive more cerefully.” 10. The doctor said: “Your son may have the measles, so it may be, better for him to stay in bed fora few days.” 103HUMOUR AND REPORT! psi Emnest: “Tom, why are you wiping your mouth with the back of your hand ‘Tom: “Because the back of my band is cleaner than the front.” Will: “Fane come here and give me what you've got in your mouth.” Jane: “wish T could - it's the toothache.” Grandmother to Jane: “I hope you didn’t take a second piece of cake when I ‘was out.” Jane: “No, I took two when you were in.” ‘Teacher to litle Tommy: “What is the frst letter of the alphabet ?” ‘Tommy: “Of course A." Teacher: “Very good. And what comes after A?” ‘Tommy: “The rest of them, Sir." Tom: “if the dean doesn't take back what he said to me this ‘morning I must leave the University.” Father: “"What did he say 7" Tom: “He told me to Jeave the University.” Professor: “Tell me something about the great English philosophers of the 19" century.” Student: “They are all dead, sir!" First man: “How many times a day do you shave 7” Second man: “Fifty or sixty times.” First man: “How's that ?T can't believe you!” Second man: “You see, Tam a barber.” READ, LAUGH and REPORT them in Indirect Speech !re t FACING DEATH Death and dying are subjects we seldom discuss. We often use words which hide the harsh reality. Such words as “passed away”, “taken from us”, “fallen asleep” are used rather than “dead” or “died”. We all want life and living and to ignore death, Yet death is the natural end of life and will happen to all of us. In the past people died at home and the fumi:y took care of the body and the burial. It stil happens but it also happens in hospitals and long-temm cere facilities, 'No matter how close or distant we are to the person who died we all experience the same feelings: “fear that someone close to us could also di, fear of the unknown, + anger at the thought that itis not fair for the person to die and also you sight feel anger at being left alone; = guilt~ the feeling that you might not have done enough, you hadn't said what need to be said and also you may feel guilty that your are alive while the loved one is dead; = grief - the overwhelming feeling of loss, the loss of love, of ‘companionship,the feeling of being left alone without the care and the support of the beloved one All these feelings are normal reactions to death, We all experience them 2s we all lose someone close to us. It is important to accept them and to ‘work through them. Your feelings and acceptance of death will be based on your background, experience and religious beliefs, These are different for ‘everyone and your feelings are unique. ‘When working with people, close relationship may develop. When death occurs, you may feel a terrible sense of loss; talking about this with the other nurses may help you. Other patients are affected also. They will be concerned and will want to know what happened and naturally they deserve fan honest explanation. It is the moment when petients may need to talk about death-and you can help them by being a good listener. You must never forget that if you can face your own fears, you will be better able to help the patient deal with hishers. ‘VOCABULARY AND USEFUL LANGUAGE to die- a muri to pass away -a se stings (ofall asleep - a adormiJong-term care facilities -cimin-azil no matter how - indiferent eft guilt - vin grief - durere, suptrare foarte mare, amirciune to be left alone - a fi lit singur to experience something - a trece printr-o situatiefexperienti to work through -a trece prin GRAMMAR, «> REMEMBER THE PREPOSITION is almost always follwed by the Definite Article. ‘The most frequently used prepositions are: of time: along the year at the momentithe time/dawn/present between - inte, de la... pan Ia. by - inainte de of space: before, between, down, over, froma: 0... round, within, into, out of, through, up, down, off Verbs + prepositions: to complain about to argue about to rush at to aim at (+ Vb ing) to succeed in (+ Vb ing) ‘Adjectives + obligatory prepositions: to be afraid of/beneficial for! proud afitired offquick at/subject to ‘Nouns + prepositions - idea offsurprise at Prepositional Phrases: above all, afterall, at first sight, at last, atleast, for good/certain Exercises 1. Circle the correct answer. There is only one correct answer: 1. Using such words as “passed away” or “taken from us" to describe someone's death is our way of trying to deny death. a. true ». false 2. t's easier not to face death today than it was generations ago, a. mye b. false1 3, Normal reactions to death include: ~ fear anger guilt ~ all of the above reactions = none of the above reactions 4, How can you work through feeling about death 7 ~ deny them ignore them / accept them and talk about them = forget about thera 5. Your feelings about and your acceptance of death are bases on ~ your background = your experience = your religious beliefs 6. Crying is a natural release for feelings of grief. — a true ». false 7, Anger may prevent you from understanding and being sentitive to a dying patient's needs a.rrue false 8, When a patient dies what must the nurse do? + avoid the subject «pretend nothing happened ~ listen to the patients who need to talk = tell the patients not to tak about it 3. Add the correct prepositions to the following phrases: ‘house to live = a table to put books a friend to depend a window to look river to swim ‘problem to worry 3. Use the phrases above in sentences of your own. 4. Supply the missing prepositions: ~V'm afraid Tdon’t agree nn YOU. = My husband was waiting vv...» me atthe bas-stop, ~ warned her hhard work, - The woman divided the cake... her two sons.«= Will you come «my party tonight? I've invited Peter won... Some others Hurry up ! You'll be Tate... the plane. He was not guilty ..... the accident 'S. Translate into English paying attention 10 the translation of the Romanian prepositions eu and din: Sper c& vei fi de acord cu mine. “a banii acestia si cumpiri orice vrei cu ei. = Le-am cumparat cu un sling bucata, = De ce esti nepoliticos eu ci? ~ Baste eisitorité eu el de un an. Este cea mai usoari lect din carte. Doi din cei mai buni prieteni ai mei sunt in Canada, « Foarte multe masfuri sunt aduse din strinitate = Omul din grédind este fratele D-nei Popescu, 6 Indicate which preposition(s} are usually found with the following words: ‘authority, glance, contact, prefer, expert, be good, earee, prevent, ‘manage, apologize. 7. Supply the correct prepositions: 1 This famous writer lived in this house .... 1927 ... 1950. 21 Tidid not see my son because he was hiding... a tree, 3, He comes... Italy. 4. [bought a book... collecting stamps. '. He studied chemistry ... Professor Jones. > 6.1 shall stay here ..« next July 7. She held an umbrella... her head. 8, Theard it... the radio, 9. Everyone had finished dinner... eighto’clock. 410. He worked... gold mine for twenty years) SOCIALIZATION NEEDS HOW SOCIALIZATION NEEDS ARE MET In long-term health care facilites the need to interact with others can be met in many different ways. It can be met with family and friends who visit ‘and with staff and other residents who share the resident's environment. The §nteraction can be simply « coversation or friendly visit or it een be sharing ‘hobby, a craft project, a TV program or 2 quiet moment. Socialization doesn’t have to be an action; it can also mean just being together. Everyone has his/her own way, of socialising. This depends on ‘onality, life experiences, interests, age, and state of health, Entering a Tong-term health care facility means the person's life is changing in many ways, The person no longer lives among his family and friends, but among strangers. The relationships with family and friends can remain, but they ‘changed. The resident must wait for visits and is no longer able to initiate them. Roles provide a great deal of rewards such as affection, appreciation, admiration, The roles of spouse, parent, and gresdparent change when a person becomes a resident. With the change some of the rewards are lost ‘New ways must be found to fulfil socialization needs. Physical changes which may occur with age may also affect a resident’s ability and opportunity to socialize. A decrease in the ability to ambulate limits a person's opportunities fot socialization. A searing loss may prevent anormal conversation or the noise from a group may be irritating. The ability to participate in projects and programs may be decreased by a vision loss. ‘These physical changes may necessitate finding new ways to meet socialization needs, HOW THE NURSE CAN HELP In order to help hishher residents, the nurse will need to know the residents, their previous lifestyles, occupations, family names and relationships, interests, and hobbies. Only by understanding the residents can the nurse plan the care to meet their needs, There is no one right way fo meet socialization needs. If the plan meets the resident's needs, then it is right, A resident who has always been a quiet, private person usually will not find his/her socialization needs met in large groups of people, while the ‘gregarious, resident may find the group just what helshe needs. When you know your resident, you can develop a plan to meet his/her socialization needs. Following are some ways You can encourage appropriate social interaction among residents: 109t 1. Encourage socialization, but don't insist er push, Introduce residents who are siting together. Even if they have met before, mention their names in case they have forgotten. Suggest visits with other residents. Offer to take residents to social functions or group activities in the facility. Tell residents they may leave the activity if they wish. Then te sure someone is there to assist them if they do wish to leave. 2, Support family relationships. Show interest in and make posi comments about the resident's family. This isthe resident's major support system, Ifthe resident is able, encourage him/her to call or write to family ‘members, When families visit, a friendly greeting and a positive. comment about the resident are important. 3, Encourage the maintenance of previous friendships. Remind the resident of friends who visit or write. Help the resident call or write to friends. 4, Preserve as much as possible of the resident's previous lifestyle. Family picture and familiar objects help the resident preserve his/her ‘dentty and provide opportunities for conversation. 5. Help roommates to know etch other. It is very difficult to share a room with a stranger, but sharing with a friend ean be very rewarding. Help them to find common interests and experinees. [Although we all have many of the same needs, we fulfil them in many different ways, The nurse's responsibility is to know the residents and then help them fill their socialization needs. The goal is to make each resident feel appreciated, needed, and worthwhile. VOCABULARY AND USEFUL LANGUAGE to share the environment - a impirti mediul (sii: salonul/rezerva) stranger - necunoscut to initiate - a initia /a avea initiative reward - recompens’ to be decreased - a fi sczut ‘may he decreased - poate scddea loss - pierderea vederii gregarious - gregar - sociabil, de grup goal - scopCirle the correct answer. There is only correct answer, I. What does socialization provide ? + support + information + affection - all of the above none of the above 2, Socialization does not have to be an action, a. true b. false 3. How can the need to interact with others in a long-term health care Jacility be met ? ~ by doing hobbies or erafts - by conversation + by visits from friends ~in all of the above ways in none of the above ways 4. When a resident enters a long-term health care faciliry, in what areas ‘may changes affect his/her socialization ? = relationships = roles = both relationships and roles - neither relationships nor roles 5. What physical changes that may occur with age could affect the resident's way of socializing ? ~ hearing loss 5 + vision Toss + decreased ability to ambulate ~ all of the above changes none of the above changes 6. It is helpfd if the nursing assistant knows certain information about hishher residents, such as + present lifestyles + family names and relationships ~ interests and hobbies7. There’s only one right way to meet a resident's socialization needs. ». false 8. In order to help residents socialize, the nursing assistant should not ‘encourage the maintenance of previous relationships. b.false 9. Which of the following may describe an appropriate way to encourage socialization among residents ? ‘Try not to talk about the residents’ fami + Insist that residents who are sitting together get acquainted. Suggest that residents visit with other residents. ‘Tell residents to forget about their previous ‘ifestyles. 10, Maintaining optimum levels of health for yourself is not nearly as important as itis your residents. b. false 11, Read the following tet: ‘The Effects of Alcohol om the Liver “The liver is te prmapy site forthe metabolts of sleobol s it sont be obvious that hesty-al@bhol use ean seriously affect it.The three major liver problems sssocisled with drinking are fatty lve, alcohol hepati and clrhsis, or scarring. These three conditions are not progressive stages of liver injury due to heavy drinking, but can all cccur concurrently inthe Same person Furthermore the most seroas form, enthoris, can develop ‘without any evidence of hepatitis, Finely, both fatty liver and hepatitis are Teversible,but cirrhosis is mot. Therefore in order to understand the effects ‘of alcohol onthe liver, we mast consider all tree conditions.SPECIAL EDUCATII Community homes. These homes sre run by the local authorities and some by voluntary organisations. They are residential, taking in children who are in trouble with the law. The reasons are usually neglect, wretched hhomes, lack of security and affection. Children enter the homes because they need to be removed from their own homes and given a fairly long period of residential training. The child is giver. special attention to his emotional readjustment, and family contact is constantly encouraged, ‘The home has changed from being a pleze where children with antisocial ways were re-edueated. It is now thought of as a therapeutic community, in which children whose emotional development has been distorted are helped to develop new kinds of relationships. The staff often hhave specialised help at their disposal, Psychiatric help is medical, that is, a doctor who has specialised in nervous illness; peychological help is non- medical, that is, @ university-trained person who has specialized in ‘peychological testing and the understanding of young people. Children in homes. There is a wide variety of homes: reception homes, reception nurseries, boarding schools and family group homes for example ‘They hope to provide the right sort of atmosphere of security and understanding in which a child can grow. VOCABULARY AND SPECIAL LANGUAGE, ‘community homes - case de copii to be run by - afi conduse de Z to take in - (aici) a adaposti to be in trouble with law - avea probleme'calegea lack of - ipsi de security - sigurant to be removed - a fi indepartet a fairly long period - 0 perioada destul de lung ‘emotional readjustment -re-cchilibrere emojional ‘anti-social ways - comportament anti-social to be distorted - a fi distorsionst/ modificatExercises 1. Comprehension Questions: 1 3 A What are community homes ? Whose responsibility are they ? . Which children are taken to community homes ? |. What was the community home formerly ? How are children helped in a home today ‘What kind of help are they provided with ? "7. What aze the type of homes? 8, How is the atmosphere in a community home? 2. Translate the following text into Romanian: Mutations ‘These are variants of a species, which may arise quite suddenly in nsture and breed true. For example, cooper beech trees arise suddenly from ‘areen trees and are therefore called mutants. ‘Antificially, X-rays can break chromosomes into two or three pieces, producing inheritable gene mutations and changes in the phenotype. Naturally, radiation is constantly emitted from space as cosmic rays and from the earth as a result of the decomposition of radioactive substances in the earth's crust, We inhale small quantities of racioactive substances with the air and take them in with our food/This natural radiation is estimated to ccause about one tenth of the spontaneous mutations. Others result from faults in the cell division in the production of gametes, as well asthe natural instability of the substances of which the genes are made,At is possible that the spontaneous mutation rate in man is high enough t6 cause one out of every five children to carry a new mutation inherited from one of the parents. In experiments with plants, alcohol can impair cell division and ‘cause changes in the chromosome set/This can lead to effects that resemble those due to gene mutations, but this does not seem to be so in man. Some chemicals that affect the plant cell nucleus are chloroform, caffeine and some medicines. In man we do not yet know whether such chemicals affect the gametes at al— ‘ ; EDUCATION FOR SPECIAL CHILDREN ‘The blind. The children aze taught by methods not involving sight Special books with raised markings, called Braille, are read by touch. Tape recordings and gramophones are of great help. Ther i @netional ibrar for the blind, which all ages may user Aged blind people are provided with a home visitor, who teaches them crafts and how t9 read Braille, and tells them about the facilities available. "The deaf. Deaf children must be taught by special methods without naturally aequired speech or language. They mus: (if born deaf) lear to Speak and then to lipead, and talk in sign language. Deaf children are f2iven as normal an education as possible, as well asa special one to fit to five and workin the ouside world when they leave school Special welfare workers for the deaf visit children and adults in their homes, teaching and helping them to live a fll ard normal life, There are special clubs for the deaf where they can meet other deaf people and attend lipteading classes “The physically handicapped. These are children who, because of some crippling defect, eannot be educated in a normal school..They attend special Schoo! for the physically handicapped, where again they are educated to as fulla life as possible, Adults, wio are called disabled persons, also may | ated centres of training and rehabitaton ‘Delicate children. Because of their poor ohysical condition, they | cannot be educated in a normal school without risk t their health. They are | ten ar somal an edcaon a psi, ed am an coaption. The Schools are often “open-tir” schools, which also provide treatment, rest and special food. Edueationally subnormal children, Either from limited ability or some other reason, they are not able to keep up with classmates and need Special education. For instance a child from a nomal school who has fallen tehind due to illness or trouble st home may aterd this school for a while and then return this ol school. Special education is also needed for chlden with speech defects, for raladjusted children and epileptics, The special schools are often ‘esidential, giving a complete care tothe handicapped child VOCABULARY AND USEFUL LANGUAGE to Involve - a implica raised markings - serone fn reliefto be read by touch - fi citit prin atingere blind - orb deat - surd to acquire -adobindi special welfare workers - voluntari social crippling defect - defect locomotor Aisabled persons - persoane cu infirmitate rehabilitation -recuperare poor - (aici) fragil/delicat either -. oF to keep up with classmates - a pistra tml clasei to fall behind ~ rimfne in urma for a while - pentru o vreme ‘maladjusted children - copii eu probleme snial school -o gcoali cu internat Exercises 1. Comprehension Questions 1. What do you understand by “Education for Special Children” ? Who are the “Special children’ How are the blind taught ? But the deaf? ‘Where can the physically handicapped children be educated ? Which children are educationally subnormal’” How are special school organized and what do they provide ? 2. Translate into Romanian: Deafness ‘There are several kinds of hearing loss. One is conductive heating loss. 11 results from disease or injury to the outer or middle part of the ear. The damage prevents, sound waves from reaching the inner @&r. Usually, this from of hearing loss is not extreme. And a hearing aid or medical treatment often can restore hearing, *°S VACCINATION AND IMMUNIZATION Immunity. Ths is the body satura defence agrnst disease, But the extent 0 which these defences are successful depends on: {How strong the defences are 2."The general health of the body. 53 The condition of the body = fatigue, col, ee. 3. The strength of the infection “The agents of ciscaso vary i different ways of combating them. {@) Phagocytes: Special white blood cells from the tissues (the reticul endothelial eel) rash te site of infetion, to ingest and kill bacteria, But the bacteria produce poweril toxins to ll he phagocytes (b) Antitoxins and antibodies, When poisonous toxins ae released in the body, it attempts fo neutalze them by producing anttoxins. Esch toxin, has is special anton. If some anttoxins are akeady in the blood when the organism enter, the bate js half-won, For this reason, it is wise to prepa the body beforehand with atone of likely or dangeroos diseases, Aiphtheri, for example (@) Physical harrier. The body may attempt to wall the infected region with fibrous tissue, a i tuberculosis. ‘Natural immunity. Some people are natully immune to eercin iseaes anda tiny baby oil has temporary iomanity, while it stil has its others antibodies in its Blood nity. This may be ative o pessve Passive immunity. In times of epidemic, people may be given small doses of anttoxin, fom an animal, Tis provides a quick, but temporary. Simmonity giving the body a breathing space to ke is ov. ‘Active Immunity. The body ean produce anioxis only in xesponse to the presence of pathological organs, wich may enter in thre ways By an attack ofthe disease, producing a rush of antitxins 2. By small, unrecognized atacks of the disease, sch of which produces a continuous build-op of anttoxin 3By an injection of toxin in small, weak doss or of # suspension of Weakened living or dead organisms. The second is celled a vaccine and Contains tiny amounts of the organism’ toxins. Oace the body has proceed fmitoxins in response to an attack, further attacks predce © much greater supipot The vaccine may also be seratched into te skin a Vaccination. ‘Aetive immunity lasts for varying lenghts of ime, depending on the disease their mode of attack and the body has 47P cara measures: hss the fl f medi. To cur ninfstons dione he doctor tt kno I'he acon ofthe pathogen ogeism 2. How te bey es toto tat he an help onthe same lines) 3: How te infering organo gt inte by. Anbacterilscon my be dese agus aol amber of aces or deat ae rng of en in eed eps” ani, There very le an-vine medicine as yu, wih w Way te ommend and “Fare silo samp Contoling measures. Tneious diseases can spread rapidly from one pewson aot tog annem gent An enemies This fsa api outbreak of dltese, which passes in tin eating the reorere vite with inproved iy. Sporades ces of ear Endemi:When dss sally pe Pandan A ort-wide een, tin a distriet. VOCABULARY AND USEFUL LANGUAGE natural defence - apérare natural to be successful - a avea succes to depend on - a depinde de ‘the general health ofthe body - stare general ce sinitate a organismului poisonous - otrivitor the battle is half-won - bitilia e pe jumitate cistigats ‘to attempt to - a incerca to wall off- a ingridi tobe immune - & fiimun ‘a breathing-space - un moment de respiro arush of - a aglomerare de 4 continuous build-up of antitoxin - producerea continu de antitoxine ‘a weak dose - o dozi slab further - uiterion/ suplimentar to be seratched - afi zgiriat to last - a dura broad spectrum - spectrum larg fla grip ‘common cold - réceala banal, guturai Fampant - rebel, scipat to spread - ase rispandi sab contolExercises 1, Comprehension Questions: 1. What is immunity? 2. How do the agents of the disease vary ? 3. What are phagocytes ? 4, But antibiotics ? ‘5. When can we speak of a physicalbarsier’? 6. What is natural immunity ? 7. How can you define passive immunity ? 5 8. But acquired immunity ? 9. When can we speak of active immunity ? 10. How long does the active immunity last ? 11. Which are the curative measures ? 12, Which are the controlling measures ? 13. What is an “epidemic” 4, Explain what “sporadic” endemic”, “pandemi 2. Translate into Romanian: Vaccine ‘Vaccine ié a preparation of disease - producing (pathogenic) micro- organisms, or some part of them, that is given to induce immunity. There fare three main types of vaccine: those that contain specially treated living organisms, such as measles vaccine; those that contain dead organisms, such fas whooping. cough vaccine: and those that contain specially prepared toxins, such as diphtheria vaccine.GLANDS | ENDOCRINE SYSTEM “The sndocrine system is made up ofthe following glands i We Pituitary 2. Thyroid 3. Parathyroid 4. Thymus {UW siaareng! 6: Pancreas 7. Ovaries 8. Testes THEEZithds secrete Aids called hormones directly into. the bloodstream. These hormones are necessary to setin motion and regulate bodily functions involved with 1. Growth 2, Development 3.Metabolism 4. Reproduction Each gland secretes a particular hormone which is responsible for a particular function ri ry Gland ‘The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain and is the smallest i endocrine gland. Itis called the master gland because its hormone regulates the work of all the cells, or metabolism, and stimulates other endocrine ¢glands to secrete their hormones. The pituitary is the master regulator of the body ‘The endocrine system (female) ‘The endocrine system (male) 120re ly * Thyroid Gland ‘The thyroid gland is a large gland located at the base of the throat. Its hormones are responsibie for growth, energy, sexual development, and skin texture Parathyroid Glands ‘The parathyroid glands are 2 pairs of very small glands located within the thyroid gland. Their hormone is necessary for regulating calcium and ‘phosphorus within the body. ‘Thymus Gland “The thymus is located in the centre ofthe chest. This gland is not fully understood. It is believed that it plays a part in the body's imumune system. Panereas ‘The pancreas is located behind and undemeath the stomach and liver. It secretes two hormones, insulin and glucagon, which regulate the level of sugar in the blood Aatchal Glands "The adrenals are two small glands which ae located on top of each kidney. They are responsible for sereting hormones which regulate the ase of utients in the body and regulate uid and elcroly balances. The adrenals also secret hormones which hep the body react ses. Ovaries Proupe nbissve in females, the ovaries ate located atthe end of the fllopidn ter fa the lower pelvic area, These glands stimulate the regula release ofan ovum fr egg The sso produes the femie homones needed for reproduction and physeal femal characteris. Testes In males, the testes are located in the scrotum or sack behind the penis. ‘These glands produce sperm and the male hormore which stimolates sperm. production and physical male characteristics, // ese glands all secrete their hormones directyy into the bloodstream so that they can be carried tothe organs and tissues where they will fulfil their functions. 121Glands in the exocrine system differ from endocrine glands in that they do not secrete into the bloodstream. Their secretions go dizectly to the ouside of the body or into body cavities. The exocrine system consists of 1, Laerimal Glands : 2. Sweat Glands 3. Salivary Glands 4, Mammary Glands 5. Intestinal Glands Lacrimal Glands ‘The lacrimal glands are located behind the eyes and are responsible for secreting the fluid or tears, which keeps the eyes moist Sweat Glands ‘Sweat glands are located all over the surface of the skin. Their functions is to release moisture to the surface where it will evaporate and produce cooling of the body. This process also eliminates some waste products, Salivary Glands ‘Thelsalivary glands are located inside the mouth. They produce saliva, which keeps the mouth moist, makes food easier to chew and swallovr, and begins the digestion of the food, ‘Mammary Glands Mammary glands are located in the breasts and are developed only in the female, Their function isto produce lactation ar milk following a birth, Intestinal Glands ‘There are many small glands within the intestine which secrete digestive enzymes necesary for breakdown of fool. AGE-RELATED CHANGES There is @ gradual decrease in hormone secretion as @ person ages. The ovaries stop producing the female hormone estrogen after menopause. The testes continue to produce the male hormone, tvtosterone, but the amount decreases with age 122A DISEASE OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM “The most common disease of the endocrine system is diabetes mellitus. Diabetes affects people of all ages and puts them at risk for other complications and problems. It is a disorder of carbohydrate rietabolism. TThe body cannot break down and use sugars and starches because there is insufficient insulin secreted by the pancreas. There is no cure for diabetes mellitus, but it can be controlled by carefully monitoring the diet, oral medication and, if needed, insulin injections VOCABULARY AND USEFUL LANGUAGE to be made up of - afi aledtuit din bloodstream - flux senguin to regulate - a regularizalechilibra to be responsible for - afi responsabil ‘on top of - in virful/ tn partea de sus a tissue -fesut to keep moist-a mentine umed to put at risk - a expune riscului starch - amidon Excercizes Cirele the correct answer. There is only one correct answer. 1. Whick one of the following glands is not part of the endocrine system? = pituitary = panereas salivary 2. Bach gland secretes a particular hormone, . false 3. What does the thyroid do ? ~ Itis the master regulator of the body. = Itregulates level of blood sugar. Itregulates electrolyte balances. 7- Itis responsible for growth.44, Hormones are fluid responsible for 2 growth and development + metabolism = reproduction allo the above functions. © pone of the above functions 5. The glands ofthe exocrine system secret i a true oe flase 6. What do the lacrimal glands do ? ~ produce saliva “Secret enzimes secrete fears 7 release moisture 7, doteperson ages hisher glands gradualyserete fewer hormones false 8, What isthe most common Parkinson's disease = Alzheimer'§ disease cancer diabetes mellitus 9, Diabetes affects only older persons A false 10, Hormones from the paratiyroid phosphras. true : false ids into the bloodstream disease of the endocrine system ? ands regulate calcium and LL Translate into English: Tiatabolisml este ansambll proceselar fzice si chimice e¢ a4 loc sn organism Bl include dou procese de baz: ambelis s catabolism itm Etgmul este ansamblal proceseior | din metabolismul tmernedie gare conduc’ la sintéza mactaboiilor sia componenteloy inteTmeale celulare. Catabolismul éste tensformarea Tn energie & imaterialelor asimilate fn tesuturirr a SEXUALITY Sexuality is often thought to apply only to young people, but we are sexual beings our entire life span. Sexuality is more than sexual intercouse. It includes touching, hugging, loving, and caring for someone else. The ‘warmth of a caress is felt at any age, and we all have needs to be physically comforted from birth to death. The need to express these feelings and feel loved and desirable continues throughout life. ‘There have been many widely accepted myths regarding aging and sexuality. Some of these are: 1. MYTH: Old people are not interested in sex. FACT: The interest in and need for love, tovehing, and sexual release continues into old age. 2. MYTH: Old people cannot perform sexually. FACT: The capacity to engage in and enjoy sexual activity continues info old age unless certain diseases and medications interfere. 3. MYTH: Sex is forthe young, and old people should “act their age”. FACT: Advertising has taught us that only the young and beautiful fare sexy, but ths is not true. Sexualiry is much more than physical appearance. 4. MYTH: sex is only for procreation, FACT: Enjoyment is now accepted as a reason for sex, and enjoyment is important at all ages. 5, MYTH: Sex is too strenuous for old people. FACT: Physical exercise is good for ever including older people. Sexual activity reduces tension and feels good. The elderly may believe these myths and feel shame about their own sexual feelings, They may accept these myths and give up the comfort and joy of caring relationship, ‘Accepting sexual needs and activity of older people doesn’t mean that those elderly people who are not sexually active should be seen as abnormal, An older person's sexuality usually follows a lifelong pattem. - ‘Those who have always been sexually will probaly remain so. If sex was never a strong desire, it will not become so in old age. While sexual activity should be accepted as normal for people of all ages, it should not be an expectation which all should have to live up to. Waat is normal is what feels right tothe person involved. 125FACTORS AFFECTING SEXUALITY Asa person ages there are changes which ean affect his/her ability to be sexually involved with another person. The g-eatest inhibiting factor is the Jack of a suitable partner. Widowhood brings an end to a longstanding relationship, and the opportunity to form a new relationship is often limited. ‘Masturbation is a normal, healthy means of sexual release for both men ‘and women who lack suitable partners, Older people living in long-term health care facilities lack the privacy to develop relationships and are often discouraged by staff and families from doing so. The normal aging process also results in physical changes which affect sexual function. In females, there is less vaginal lubrication and a loss of elasticity of the vagina which may make intercourse more difficult or painful. In males, there is a gradual decline in sex drive and erections are les firm and require more stimulation to achieve. Disease can also affect sexual performance, Diabetes often causes a decline in sexual ability due to decreased circulation, Depression cause a decline in sexual interest. Some drugs and alcohol also have a negative effect on sexual desire and performance. ‘THE NURSE'S RESPONSIBILITY Nurses can help residents understand and cope with their sexuality by: 1. Being willing to listen to a resident's concems regarding sexuality without shaming the resident or making the resident feel guilty 2. Helping a resident be as attractive as possible by assisting with clothing, cosmetics, and grooming. 3. Treating residents as adult males and cor neuter. 4. Maintaining a resident's dignity by not exposing private parts ‘unnecessarily, by remembering to use privacy curtains and close doors. 5. Providing understanding, acceptance, and privacy for a resident's expression of sexuality. The resident's room should be respected as his/her private space, and the nurse should always knock before entering, females, not as “boys”, “girs”, 126[pte M6. sezping nun xpress feat wie do a har he itil ale an costa opn oes Self-estteem increases and people feel better physically and emotionally when some form of sexual activity is part of their lives. As a nursing assistant, you can help your residents feel good about themselves and their sexuality, ‘VOCABULARY AND USEFUL LANGUAGE sexuality - quality of being mate or female myth -« popular belief or traditions which may not be tue procreation - creating new life inhibiting - preventing, limiting masturbation sexual seftimulation neater - having no sexual characteristics toapply to a0 aplica la ase refer la sexual beings fire / orgonisme active sexual cour entire life span - pe tostédurata viet to touch = atinge to hug - a imbrtisa ' to care for somebody - i pisa de cineva to be physically comforted ~ ase simtbine din punc de vedere fixie to fel desirable - a se sim dort unless - deck dact mu / act ma | to advertise a face reclami strenuous -cbositor to fel shame - ase simtiryinat, widowhood - viduvia resident -rezident(pacient intern) Staff - medical - personal (medical 1- personal medical) to be willing to fi binevoitor fata de grooming -ingrijre (uritenie, odine ea aspect fzi,buine et.) Exercises Circle the correct answer. There is only one correct answer. 1. Sexuality applies only to the young. false2, Whar does sexuality include ? = touching ~ hugging loving all of the above none of the above “3, Sex is too strenuous for older people. bi. falze 4. The interest in and need for love, touching, and sexual release continues into old age. 8. true bi. false 5. What isthe greatest inhibiting factor to sexuality in older people ? = decreased interest = privacy ~ lack of suitable partners ~ disease 6. Masturbation is a normal, healthy means of sexual release for people who lack suitable partners b. false 7. What are some physical changes which affect sexual function ? less vaginal lubrication = less vaginal elasticity = less firm erections all of the above none of the above 8. Diabetes often causes a dectine in sexual ability due to. ~ depression = adecline in interest = decreased circulation | ~ inereased stimulation7 9. How can the nursing assistant help residerts understand and cope with their sexuality ? ~ assist residents with clothing, cosmetics, and grooming. = listen to their concems about sexuality, nt shame them or make them feel guilty ~ treat them as male and female adults, not boys, girls, or “neuters” + inall of the above ways in none of the above ways 10. Providing privacy for a resident's expression of sexuality is not a responsibility of the nurse. a. true b.falee LU Translate into Romanian: Parents should answer any questions the child asks about sexuality Few children are interested in more than in a few details at a time. Such questions represent the child's natural need for factual knowledge and parents should approach the subject unemotionally and informatively. A ‘parent's answer to such questions should be direct and in simple terms that the child can easily understand. By the time the child has reached the’age of puberty subjects such as menstruation, ovulation, fertilization and noctural ‘emission of semen should have been discussedk FIRST AID First aid js the kind of medical care given to # viétim of an accident or sudden sickness before trained medical help can arrive. First aid techniques often are simple. They can be taught to people of all ages. And learning them is important. Knowing how to treat someone in an emergency can ‘mean the difference between life and death. ‘Thousands of persons die each year after eating or drinking poison substance’, Experts say most accidental poisonirgs happen in or near the hhome. And most are caused by substances we commonly use at home: medical supplies, insect poisons or cleaning fluids. There are_ several ‘common signs of poisoning. A sudden feeling of pain or sickness. Bums in the area of the mouth. Or an unusual smell coming from a person’s mouth. Heath experts generally advise poison victims to drink water or milk. But never give liquids fo someone who is not awake ato those having a violent reaction to the poison, Next, seek help ficin-trained medical experts. Save smterial expelled from the mouth for doctors to examine. Save the container of the suspected poison to answer questions the doctors may have. The container also may describe a substance that halts the poison’s effects. Use this substance without delay. All homes should have at least three substances to deal with poisoning, (One, syrup of ipecso, is a fluid that helps the body expel materia from the stomach, Another, activated charcoal, lessens the danger of poisons. The ‘other material, epsom salts, helps to speed the release of body wastes. All three should be used only on the advice of a medical expert. Expulsion of material from the stomach ~ vomiting ~ sometimes may bbe started if medical advice is delayed. But it says vomiting should be used only when itis known the vietim took too much of what is called a general poison, such as a medicine. The experts say never cause vomiting if the victim was poisoned by a petroleum product or by a substance that was a strong acid or a strong alkali. These victims shculd be taken to a medical ‘center as soon as a possible. ‘A five-year-old boy was playing with a young friend. Suiddenly, the friend stopped breathing. A piece of candy was stack in her throat. The boy remembered a television program where the sare thing had happened. He also remembered what people on the television’ program did to help the person who had stopped breathing. The boy quickly used the same fechnique on his friend. The candy flew out of the git!'s throat. She was breathing again, The young boy had saved his friend’s life. _-= The simply technique used by the five-year-old boy is called the Tieimlich maneuver. It was developed by an American doctor,, Henry Hieimlich, The Heimlich maneuver can be done in several different way. 130HE sracretingvoimis sing tng yo sts eat tid tim. Put your arms around the victim's waist. Make one of your hands into the Shape of & ball and place it over the top pat of the stomich below the sibs, Nett pat one hand over the other and push upward sharply. Repeat the technique until the object is released "A choking vita who ison the floor and not avake should be rolled on his back. Place the bottom of one hand over the upper part of the stomach. Put the other hand over the upper part of the stomach. Put the other hand over it and push in quiekly with an upward movement. Repeat this until the object is released. ‘A technique called cardiopulmonary resuscitition, CPR, can save the victims of heart atacks, drownings and shock, Taese people are suffering ‘what is called cardine arrest. CPR is designed to increase the natura ability fof a person's heart and lungs. Experts say it greatly increases the chances that a heart attack victim will survive If you see a victim of eardize amest, first posiion the victim's hed and ‘neck s0 thatthe air passages are not blocked. If te person isnot breathing, Sart a technique called mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Press shut the victim's nose at you place your mouth over the victim's mouth, Blow into the victim's Tungs. The first two such breaths should last about one-and. ‘one-half second each, If there i no heartbeat, attempt fo restart the victim's hear by pushing dowo on the victim's chest. Place one hand over the other and posh firmly on the victim's breastbone. Push down the person's chest About five centimeters, ata rate of about 80 to 100 times each minute. If $you are working alone, you must do both jobs. Breathe two times into the ‘ietim’'s mouth for every 15 times you push down on the ches. Health experts say even the smallest cut in the skin Tes bacteria enter the body. So they urge correct treatment ofall wounds. Ifthe bleeding isnot serious, the wound should be cleaned with soap end water. Then cover the ‘wound with a clean cloth, gauze or ther kindof dressing. If the bleeding does not stop quickly, or if the wound is large, put pressure directly on the wound. Place a clean cloth on the wound and hold it fimly in place. You may use your hand if a cloth cannot be found immediately. If this does not stop the bleeding, push the supplying blood vestel against a nearby bone, This also may not stop all of the bleeding, however. So also pot pressure directly on the wound. “There are two places, oF points, on each side cf the body where pressure {is most often useful. If an arm or hand is bleeding, the pressure point is on the inner par ofthe upper arm between the elboy and the armpit Bleeding from a leg wound ean be slowed by pressure fo the blood vessel at the front inner part of the upper leg. Whe ~ ya a wif StI ACQUIRED IMMUNO DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) Is a weakening of the body’s immune system; itis caused by a virus called HTLV-IN (Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus) or HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). The virus is distinguished from other viruses because of its ability to use the host cells reproductive system to replicate itself many times; in this way, the AIDS virus eventually destroys the host cell and moves on to infect other T-cell. The body is thus left vulnerable to opportunistic infections, which are easily fought off by ® normally fiinctioning immune system. The disease, however, becomes highly disabling and eventually fatal, if the immune system is compromised by AIDS. ‘The virus may incubate for a period of up to several years before symptoms start appearing. AIDS is characterized by explained fever, chills, fr night sweats lasting many weeks; a general and persistent feeling of fatigue; an unexplained weight loss over 10 pounds; swollen glands; a dry cough accompanied by a shortness of breath; recursing diarrhea; and pink to purple blotches occurring anywhere on or under the skin, at first resembling bruises, bat growing harder than the skin around them and lasting longer than bruises. ‘These symptons may all be found in other more common illnesses as well. ‘As the illness progresses, the person with AIDS becomes susceptible to various opportunistic infections. These include pneumonia, shingles, herpes simplex, meningitis, and encephalitis. The most common infection is pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), a rare ‘umor, is also common in AIDS victims. Sometime the onset of one of these infections is the first sign of the presence of AIDS, the patient having never developed any of the warning signs. Eventually the virus can even infect the brain causing various mental disorders, (Q How is AIDS passed from person to pesson ? A: AIDS is not a casually transmitted disease. It is not passed on via doorknobs, toilet seats, eating utensils, or even by hugging and dry kissing, AA person will not get AIDS by sitting in chair just vacated by a person with AIDS or from breathing the same air or from eating in a restaurant with employees who have AIDS. The skin is an effective barrier against the AIDS virus, As such a quarantine has no role t play in the control of AIDS. Transmission of the virus occurs almost exclusively by the exchenge of certain infected bodily fluids, which are primarily semen and blood, secondarily urine and feces, and possibly also saliva and vaginal secretions 1334 ‘This means unprotected intercourse and the shared use of needles by drug addicts’ are both conducive to spreading AIDS. The virus is now rarely transmitted via blood transfusions, due to the widespread use by hospitals and blood banks of an AIDS antibody test. Infezted mothers can give the disease to their children before or during birth. Finally, it should be noted that low concentrations of the AIDS virus have been found in saliva. Deep, wet kissing may therefore have some risks. However, spitting or salivating ‘on unbroken skin poses no possibility of contagion, (Q: How can the spread of AIDS be prevented ? A: The most obvious prevention is simply abstaining from sex. However, if two people have been in a mutually faithful, monogamous sexual relationship since 1981 and remain so, they need not worry about AIDS. Otherwise preventive knowledge and safe sexual practices ‘are the best alternatives, ‘A person should be careful never to permit tke above-mentioned bodily fluids to enter his or her body. Condoms should be used for types of intercoursé, Hypodermic needles, razors and toothbrushes should never be shared, Excessive use of sleohol or recreational drugs, which weakens the body's resistance to disease, should also be avoided, The practice of shooting up drugs has always been dangerous; in light of the AIDS crisis, it is much more so, Tn the absence of a vaccine and effective treatment, these are the only ‘means of preventing the spreading of AIDS. (Q Whois atthe risk for AIDS 7 A: Since 1981, when the first cases of AIDS where diagnosed ‘among homosexual men and intravenous drug users, AIDS has been gradually spreading through other high risk groups and into the general population. Sexual.partners and children of both the initial groups are also at high risk. This includes women who have sex with bisexual men. ‘The risk of contracting AIDS, however, increases for any menfber of the popalation who is also a victim of other sexualy transmitted diseses, who abuses drugs, who has multiple sex partners, or who has sex with prostitutes, Many infected prostitutes, male and female, are also IV drug users, Al these factors compromise the immune system or increase the chances of coming into contact with a person infected with AIDS. It is repeated exposure to the AIDS virus and compromising one's immune system by the practices mentioned abow, that place an individual at high sisk for contacting AIDS. (Q: What happens to people with-AIDS ? A: After the intial presentation of the iliness, patients may have @ relatively symptom-free period. Ultimately, they will undergo a repetitive 134tarcona: AIDS ise can drectly involve other stems bess the immune system. Those include the acrvots sytem, the pesto tat, an he ney. Inmorteases patente wil de win two o tice years tally fom one ofthe infectious completions "This unremitting cure i often made mois tage by the stigmatization of AIDS patients Frequent, they may become scaly islted, as they fay be avoided by fide and family and prevened fom return (© work. Inthe same cases, patents have been ostacized even by hospi Peston Iris tobe hoped tat his complication af AIDS can Be crea by Educating the publi about the disease. ©: Can AIDS be weutd? AA Approtimatel half ofthe people who have developed AIDS are atready dead, Very few AIDS vite survive longer than tne yer, Most expen nk tat effective therapy will have to inde Yoh an sia drug and an immune sytem stimulant. Research nto possible vaclne i also being purued on several fonts, {What isthe over impact fan epidemic of sch proportions? A: AIDS has aready had frreaching effet in areas as diverse as education, exiles subsance abe, heath ear medal exeach, sid the economy, Sev ection has in ohne cases Desa puted back o a8 cay athe thisd grade; instrcton hat inloded information onthe roleof sex fn both homosexual and heterosexual relationships, with an emphasis on the prevention of AIDS and oter sexual wansmited eases, Sex mores and tsevofalohol seem to be undergoing a gradtal change, as mote people became avace ofthe vle of molple sex paren and sbuance sbse n the spread of ADS. ocplalsand elie are ering to share repo forthe care of AIDS patients with hospice, musing homes, ane oer modal fle, ‘AIDS sosarch may lado a cure and a vaccine and wl sue) inerease out Knowledge in the eld of immunclogy vicogy and drug therapy.CONSOLIDATION 1. Put in the right prepositions from the box. outside, 16, until j from, i, Micheel is an accountant in a language schoo, He HES oe 8 small flat ...d#.... the fourth floor of a building ...af- smal stret hb ‘Tokyo. The school is not very 4s. his home; he goes .. work 4. bus, and leaves home at eight o'clock to arrive wf, work at nine. He Hl, usually does some work in the BUS wdi4nu his Way vaca. Work. “Michael's school is ea railway station It is very big, and it as got ot er. dent Michael likes his office; it is aes jthe reception desk, but it is big and quiet; tpere are some pretty teev@ndt is window. He works ¢f=!"Hine Srelock -/. 0 quarter to ong, and goes to lunch. Then pe srt work again .6/. wo and stops five, On his way back. 22%. work he buys some food, and has supper, home. He likes living «te. Japan: he doesn't go home to England «At. holiay, but visits prety places ‘apan ° {tis Saturday moming now, and Michae! is ..f.. home 2. bed Dre. Saturdays he gets up atten o'clock, aud then sit A the iving ‘Som to have breakfast... tes Satorday afternoons he plays tennis or goes | swimming, ...U. Saturday evenings he usually gors out. | 2, Write some questions for these answers: | 1. No, she doesn’ t. She lives in Paris. Does your mother live in London ? 2. No, there isn’t, but there's some in the cupboued. 3. Atseven o'clock. | 4, No, I don’t; Igo by bus. 5. Yes, there are two, 6. At23 Banbury Road, | 7. Yes, I was. 8. It's over there by the police station 9. About a hundred metres. 10. In a post office in Bradley Street. 11. Bight three two, four five four seven, 12. By car. 13, Science fiction, 14, No, but I'm interested in rock music.3. Complete the sentences: 1. There apples in the cupboard, 2. sano UNOTE veers bereream in the fridge ? 3. How... students there in your sass ? 4, nnn AY friends play tennis, but not many of them play badminton, SHOW venom MK have We got? 6. There are too chairs here, Te seansnnamsnenrs 10 svn: OFFER in this Cup, 8. There nt cheese in the fridge, But there snus (BBS 9. There ens Seven people, but only five books - that’s not 10. Are there tall people in your family 7 4, Look atthe table and make sentences, using: never, sometimes, quite often, very often or always. Examples: Ann often goes to the theatre. She never goes to the cinema. ACTIVITY TIMES PER YEAR ‘ann_[ loc goes tothe theare 3 7 goes othe cinema o| 60 ‘watches TV 100} 50 plays tennis 20} 100 plays football | paseo goes dancing 30 ° goes to work by bus o| 275 goes 0 work by xt 10 ° goes to work by train 100 o travels by air 3 2 vor on Saturdays o| 46 works at night a0] 0 fallin ove ee 5. Believe it or not. Read with a dictionary. ‘There are 6700 museums in North America. 52% of Australia's inhabitants, 39% of tlie British people, and 11% of the French people say that they are “very happy” Your brain in 80% water. More than one ‘hitd of Britain’s Prime ‘Ministers went to the same school - Eton College. ‘The Wrigley’s factory makes 1 360 000 kilometres ‘of chewing gum every year. ‘There are 150 millions bicycles in the world Americans use 300 litres of water per day per person, Elephants sleep for only two hours per day.6. Fill in the blanks using definite or indefinite articles where necessary: ii- Ls English easy? 2 ‘games Tlike are football and cricket. 3, Will you have... cup of ea? ' 4, sore Book YoU are reading is mine. i 5, We never goto... school on Sundays. | 6 vn stent mu ork hard | 7 ‘exercise is good for our health i\l| 8,Do YoU Want innsnnn COMEE OF sonrrnn t8 7 9. He goes to Bed late at night 10. Iam from England, but Hive it .vncnne Greece now. 11. He is notat home now. 12, Grocks ike coffee. 13. The teacher said that. English language is difficult, 14 school I go to is near nue. Park lunch now. 15. He is going to have .. sn ACHE, 1 hospital in... ambulance. 18, He fives in 0. big house. 19. san house With green door is the Browns ta see how he was 20.1 went to 21. Tohn is ‘student. 22. snes $00d students work hard i 23, exercise you are doing now is difficult 24, Do YoU have wsnow dinner early ? 25, house has garden. 7. Supply the definite article the where necessary. foe Monday is ne first day of. fresh air is good for young children. air on ‘mountains is gocd. 1 week: 2 3. | 4, Many students don’t find ‘mathematics interésting, 5 6. 4 T'm going to study... history of England next year. history is always interesting. A Glassroom must have {S00 light, but... light inthis room is very poor. water in my glass is not cbld, 1 9. Talways drink cold water. 10. We obtain 0aL BOM eve Mines and «an. Oi from, oilfields. 11, We generally spend 1. suramer holiday in... Burope.12, Both my friends live on... River Street 1B. ssornsues Mississippi River is Tongest river in on. World 14, Many ships eros . Atlantic Ocean, 15. They §0 frm srnenn France to United States. 16. air in large cities is polluted. 17, For many people nn.» breakfast is... most interesting meal OF eon 8. 18, Lalways have cures C888 £0 breakfast, 19. Wedrink Coffee OU OF ns CUDS. 20. sana Off in this cup is too sweet for me. 8, Supply the, a or some, where necessary. 1, He smokes cigarette only after dinner. 2. fi snr fot rOW is Growing... Ct. 3, They have been om une Greek islands for 0. month NOW. ain event of my hearing from himT'I let you know. SS. He broke «1. vase again. He's so careless ! 6.Do you dik vn BECE OF wine? 7. Joh is eating nn. cake. 8, What have you got in mind? 9. There Ate nnn BOOKS OM wnannan: JOSK 410, He has... knowledge to do it. i oom has door and window. 1B. nese Window is open and is shat. 13. There is... garden With... tees around .... Howse, 14 John is having breakfast, 1S. B88 vos DK ANG sm COKE For on. breakfast 16. Peter's gone t0 Scotland OM nn» Business. YD. Just ake note of this phone numbe: 18, Mary is drawing rn PHCIEE OF erennn SOB. 19. Iwas in... garden when I heard ‘phone vinging. 20. You'll get Jhome at 6.35 atone latest 21. Clothes shops, customers Want to try on .... clothes before they decide to buy them. - Could you tell me time, please ? She i i oe HOSP NOW WIEN. cnnon DORR aH I. Please try €0 Be wns MORE polite. She can’t make ... dress you want, unless she knows your ‘measurements. \ 139: ain the example | 7 saw him coming out ofthe ruins. amazed) Twas amazed to se him coming ot of the ruins. 1. We found that she was sll working, (suprised) i 2 Teun that he was out danger. (leased) ! | 3 iyi aa pai. eam UT 4. e Saw smoke coming out of the room. (hort | Sey aw Rec it am. elie 6:7 found someone else sleeping on my bed (annoyed) | 57 he found her car burt down, (hocked) 3, Theard you would be going to Japan. (lighted) | 5."Ann saw there was not any money left. Gisnppointed) | BS aw plc Slag iad : 10, Write the opposites of the following adjectives. (in-, im-,il-, or-) possible | logical ... rational | active | Tegal effective } vale probable | moral regolar excusable Titers voluntary | relevant patient.rT LJ Using the word in parentheses, fll the blanks forming the correct ec is beds very I really enjoy sleeping in it. (comfort) This bed is very comfortable. Ireally enjoy sleeping init 1. He isnot driver. He often has accidents. (care) 2. They were Very seminnnnom people. (friend) 3:Tom got ‘because you Were late. (anger) 4. The peas Were Vey acnnnn (Ste) ‘5. Thank you. You were very tous. (help) * 6, He is listening to his... Songs. (FAVOU) 77, They were tired and... 80 they Went .0 bed. (sleep) 8.Iewill bea day tomorrow. (sun) 9, We spent & vovsuenns evening at the club. (alease) 410, Don't come into the house. Your shoes are (mud) LU. The match against Liverpool was Very sesscnane (exeite) 12, What & en surprise ! love) 13. He became very. of their activity in town, (suspect) 14. The water is nots. t's polluted, (drink) 15. Thank you for your present, It Was Very wv .ennonn: Of YOU. (consider) 16, He is an cook. (excel) 17. Telieve Peter is for this job. Give itto John (suit) 18, Wediscussed the country’s von problems at great Tength. (economy) 19, There are solutions to the problem. (vary) 20. The box gave off a(B) weummenmeve and rather unusual smell (please) 21. They seemed very people so called the police. (anger) 22, They had a argument. (child) 23. Lwasn’t Very fenonsnos in my exams las: year. (sueet 24, We had a most...---.~n«--- holiday on the island of Crete. (delight) 25, He feels nue that he will pass the exam. (confidence) 26. She's looking she must have fled again. (misery) 27. The noise was absolutely sont We couldn't heer anyrthifig else. (deat) 28. He has t0 carry out certain highly eceanine assignments Gonse) 29. He is a most ‘man; nobody likes him here. (agree) 30. Don’t annoy him when he’s busy; you are (trouble) 1g veryREADING FOR FUN AND NOT ONLY LET ME FEEL YOUR PULSE, ‘Then my doctor took me to see a consulting physician. ‘Have you a pain in the back of your head ?" be asked. Told him Thad not. “Shut your eyes", he ordered, backward as far as you can.” T always was a good backward jumper with my eyes shut, so I obeyed. My head struck the edge of the bathroom door, which had been left open and was only three feet away. The doctor was yery sorry. He had ‘overlooked the fact that the door was open, He closed i. ““Now touch your nose with your right forefinger”, he said. “Whereis it ” I asked timidly. “On your face”, said he. ““Tmean my right forefinger”, Texplained. “Ohh, excuse me”, he said apologetically. He reopened the bathroom oor, and I took my finger out of the erank of i. After I hed performed the ‘marvellous finger and nose feat, I said “NT do not wish fo deceive you as to symptoms, doctor; T really have something like a pain in the back of my head.” He ignored the symptom and examined ry heart carefully. “Now”, he said, "gallop like a horse for about five minutes around the room.” "{gave the best imitation I could of a.horse. He held up his forefinger within three inches of my nose. ger", he commanded. “Now look at the door. At my finger. At the door.” This for about three minutes. He explained that this was a test of the action of the brain, It seemed easy to me. [never once mistook his finger forthe door. nut your feet close together, and jump (After 0. Henry) Exercices 1. Transform direct speech into indirect. 2 Reproduce the story, using the vocabulary dealing with the, topic “Medicine” you have covered. Proverbs ‘¢ Two heads are better than one. ‘¢ None are so blind as those who will not see. 142HOW PEOPLE STARTED DRINKING TEA ‘Timur I, who is known in history as Tamerlane, and who lived between 1336 and 1405, conquered a good part of Asia and eastern Europe. It is not known Why, but he ordered his armies to drink no water which hhad not been boiled. Although medicine was very backward at that time, maybe his doctor had discovered that in this way they could prevent the spreading of certain diseases, AAs boiled water is testeless Tameriane's doctors tried to flavour it by boiling tea leaves init, and tis is how people started drinking tea Tamerlane's experiment in boiling water has long been forgotten, but tea has become the favourite drink in the countries which he conquered, such as China, India and parts of ancient Russia, English people also drink a Jot of tea JOKES ‘A young man was in a greet hurry, He jumped into a taxi, “Drive like fury !, he cried to the driver. They turned comers at a great speed and escaped collisions by a miracle. After about five minutes the young man asked the driver: “Where are you driving to?” replied the driver, “if you haé told me, 1 should have known where I was driving you to: but you only told me “Drive like furry and that's what I'm doing,” # A mother was travelling by train to Liverpool with her two young boys. She was siting in the compartment and reading and the boys were standing at the window in the corridor. At a certain moment, her elder son rushed into the compartment and asked his mother: “Do you know the name of the station we have just left behind?” “No, I don’t and please don’t ask me questions while I am reading”, said his mother. Ashamed, the little boy went back into the corridor. After she got tired of reading his mother epened the door. of the ‘compartment and saw only her elder boy standing atthe window. “Where's your brother 2” she asked in alarm. “He got off at that station whose name you ssid you didn’t know” answered the boy. ‘¢ An old man went to the hospital. When the doctor came to see him, he said: “Well, Mr. Jones, you're going to have some injections, and then you'll feel much better, A nurse will come and give you the first one this evening, and then you'll get another one tomorrow morning.” 143{In the evening a young nurse came to Mr. Jones’ bed and said to him: “y'm going to give you your first injection now, Mr. Jones. Where do you wantit?” "The old man was surprised. He looked at the nurse for several seconds, ‘and then he said: “Nobody's ever let me choose that before. Are you really going to let me choose now 7” “Yes, Mr. Jones”, the nurse answered. She was in a hurry. “Where do yyou want it?” : “Well, then,” the old man answered with a smile, “I want it in your left arm, please”. TRY THIS CROSSWORD | Across iWin i Bg | soa Bhi eee be 28 || that fveotelocin i aring Pm i. Mes nes omne | ie “bo youl mane” j] AS Boge et nFaa Neca under te 1S.Haot wo Dollie nal 21 3x2 ‘an’ Mal Jy She is tal and este bed, the third floor.21.18 ‘table in the living room ? 28: Llike dogs, but I don’t like so turae eee tina i 36. Good How are you ? ieee 1 Down 1. The same as 12 across, 2. Tenses Cats, but don’t dogs: 43. 10's over there the let 4 What ce i? Pm oy, ont 5. "Do you speak sun . “Yes, alittle.” Bn ‘aftemoon, How are you? 7.5%2, 9. Judy is Sam’ s 10. "Is your name Anne ?" 12. The same as Fdown. 13. We live on the fourth 14. onsen On€ person ia the class Likes maths, 17 ‘you speak English.? 18, The same as 12 down, 21, “Please down.” “Thank you". 22, Tike music very 23. Ata quarter to eight I am on my way work 24, Are you matted... single? 26, Three threes, 29. Half of four. BL. She's a teacher, name's Alice. 32, My brother's, engineer. 33, There are two chairs. the bathroom. 35. “Do you ike dancing ?” sy Ton Yes, right”DO THE CORSSWORD 21 to schoo! by bus. 3, What...» do you ead ? 6 9 ‘There's man outside the How do yOu vas t0 work ? 10. {Is there a... pool near your horse ? 12. Pounds, pence, dollars, pesetas, francs, yens, lies, and marks are. 14, Susan is over there . the reception desk. 45, There are a hundred pence in this. 17.1+you, ot 1+ she, or I+ he, or [+ they. 18. MY, srnnsneny i, He, i, OU, soe the, 19, Ton esr tennis 20. Morning, afternoon, 21. What time do you .. 146F 24, Youred tis 27. Hello, BY Tse Fok music; don’t like any of it at all. 34, she > her; he — him; Tr psoas : "ie 40. We v». Work at nine o'clock, 42. A hundred - ninety-nin 43.1 {0 classical musie when I work. 46. You do this to books and newspapers. 47. Ahome, but not house. 49, Half a ite ore milk SL, Not small at all ‘52, Don’t like. $54, Where's my seu eam? ‘59. “Where's the milk ?” “som the table.” ‘terrible. Oh 62. A sort of water. 63. There are a hundred of these in a pound. 64. A sort of street. Down 1. This has got rooms in it. 2. There are 1,000 of these in a kilo 3. Not “yes” 4.Do you and Alice like ice-cream. 5. Five people - four people = one 61 sow TV in the evening. 7. “Who was at home 2” BA cevnnnee Of rump steak, please.” do",11. "Do you know. Alice and Jim ?" “Of course I do. live very near me.” 13. Tomatoes are £2,50 a pound. ‘That's very... 14, Ihave this inthe morning. 15. There area lot ofthese in a pound. 16 you like coffee ? 17. Does your sister. «television very much? 22, You have this at about twelve o'clock. 23. The same as 39 down, 24, This isin the bedroom, 26. A tomato, sn OFaNEe, 28, What's in this water ? 29, What time do YOU soronoe UP? 30. My sister. ‘work at 4.30 sn ea. Is your sister fait?” “Yes, she 34, boy — boys; man —> as 36. What time sunt? 38. Jerome has breakfast .1.nune half past twelve, 39.10 s twenty-five 41, Food costs so much ! It's 43. Do you. big dogs? “999 45.1, you, he, she, 1 We, you, they. 48, Like very, very much, 50, John and his family live in a large flat on the fia '55. There's some of this under my hat. 56, My brother non {0 tenis lessons every Saturday, 37. Thirteen = WelVe = sean 58, Mirian is her work, 60. The hat shop is next the post office,‘LISH FOR NURSES ANNEX UST OF IRREGULAR VERES BASIC WORDS AND PHRASES LIST Glossary” BIBLIOGRAPHYLIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS Tobe [OL] | washwere [wez/wa] | beenfbin} af to become | became ‘become 3 devenl i [bikam) | [bi‘keimy [bia | [Rebepinbigin) “[Begantby sen] | begunfbiean} [a ineepe tobitefoai) | bisfbich tient bits] —_[emusca_—_| to biowfbiou] —[blew[bhx] ‘blownfbloun] [a sufla to breakoreik] | broke[brouk] broken 'troulen] | «spurge to bing[brn] —[broughforst]_—_[broughfftrit]_—[aaduce to bullafeiid] [bili] Bute] a constr tobuy(bai) —[oughi(tor] boughifboz] | a cumpira to calchkeif] | caught) caught] [a prinde to chooseffura]_[ehose[Yfou:2] chosen('fouzn] | alege to comefkam] —[eamelkeim) comefkam] [a veni tocostfist]_ | eostfiast) costs! a cost focullkat] | eufkat) uta] aia to dofdu:] [didi] donefdaa] a face wodnw[de] | drew(éra] drawnfansn] |e desena to drink drox] —[arankfdreng] | drunkdrak] [a ben toldrvefdraiv) ~ drovefdrouv] ~~] driven{‘riva) [a eonduce (cussina) To eat] wafer] eaten Ha] aminca to felff:t] | fete felt] a sit to fight} | fought] foughi{fax] [a (se) up to findffaind] —|found{faund] | foundifaund] [gist rofiy(fsi] | few{f:] ‘lowafieun) [a zbura to forge{f'get|_| forgot’ sat]_ [forgotten gor | evita | togettget) ——pgot(engl bit) _pgot(engl. brit) | «primi ) (eo) faobiine, j gotren(engl. amer) | goiten(eng mer. | «ajunge, (tn) (gta) | adevent Tomveta) | envelgeiv) aivenf iva [eda to gofaou went{ wend] one{{gon]] [a merge to grow{rou] | grewar:] grown{groun]_——[a crete fohavefhav] —| hadjed] hada aves to bearfhi] | hearbo.6] heared] aauzi torholdfhould] — [heldfheld} hele] ane dm mint) 151Tokeepikep] | RepiTkept) Kepilkept aie vo know[nou} — pknewEnj:] Knownlncun] [esti acunoaste way Tae aia pune aaseca Froteannfien| | Tearifient) Teamifieai] afavita to leavefiiv] [efile Tefiflet] a pleca, asa tolend(lend] | lentflent] Tent{lent) ada cu fmpeunut To eile Teilet Teel a lisa, a perite ‘wlicfiai) Taye Tae a sa tating afi siruat To losefio] [Toston insta Tapierde to make{meik] | mado(meid] madefmeid] [a face to mean{rmiz] —| meent{ment] ‘meantfment] [a fasemna to meet{mis] —[metfmet] met{met Intl to payipei]__[paid{pci] paipeic] a pli to put{put] | putfpa] putfpu) a pune to readfid] | readfred] readlred] ait to rng(eiay_ | ranglexn] runglag] aun toron{esn]pranften) rn{esn] ‘2 fugi, ‘tosayfee] | safeedl saidfsed a spune to sees], sau(s9] seen{si] a vedea 1 selllsel] sold{soud] [a vinde to send{send] sent{set) awimite to ahakelfeik] | shook fuk] shaken fel) | oda mina, a scutura To shine{faia) | stone[fon]_ Tonal fal asrdlui {io show{fou] —[snowedlfood] | shownfoun] | a arta to shut{fat) | shutffat) shut at) a inehide 1 sing{sia) | sanglse) sunglsn] acénta to sist} sat{set] sat{set] ast, agedea Toaleep(aiip] | slepislepl alepaiten] domi to speak(spi:k] | spokelspouk] | spoken{spoukn] | vorbi to spendl{spend) | spentspend] spent{spend) a che a petrece (impal) 132To standstend) | stoodfetudy sroodistid] ya in picdoare) [fosekqatie] —_[smmekfetaky sack (sta) caliph to swim|swini] | swamiswaem] ‘swum[swam] [a tnota rotake(teik) | tookl tuk] takenf'teikn] [tua To teach{eig] | taughelioz) taught (to) a preda, : ainvata pe all worelfiell Toidftould) telaftouldy ‘aspune, a povesti To think{r@ine| | thought[Oan) Toughifees] [a (se) sand to throw[Grau) | threw{6ru:] ‘thrown{éroun] | @arunca to understand — | understood ‘understood a intelege [ande'stend) | [nde'stud) andestud] to wake ['weik] | woke [‘wouk] ‘woken fwouks] | a Ge) ez to wearfwea] | wore[wo:] ‘womfwon] ‘pura to-win{win] | wonf wan} ‘won{wat] a clstiga to write[write] | wrotelrout) writen{/ita] | aseriey BASIC WORDS AND PHRASES LIST DOCTORS CAN BI medic internist _ - therapeutist[,Ser pjusist] chirurg + surgeon ['sexdn]) dentist ~ dentist medic stomatolog.- stomatologist (stom tlegist} radiolog + radiologist / X-ray specialist oftalmolog + ophtalmologist [ofte:'moloist] + oculist okjulist) = eye doctor otorinolatingolog. - ear, throst and nose specialist neurolog, + neurologist / nerve specialist tru + psychiatrist (saiksiotrist] + alienist (‘iljnist) = mad-dostor [meeddokta] pediatru - paediatrician [pizdis'tr fon] dermatolog - dermatologist derms‘olodist] ginecolog + gynaecologist [,gainikolecist) urolog. + urologist ortoped + orthopaedist [2-Gou'pisdist] balneolog. - balneologist cardiolog = cardiologist endocrinolog _- endocrinologist fendstr hhomeopat - homoepath (ist) (how doctor eare practic’ medicind generala - general practitioner biochimist «biochemist [bais’kemist] hematolog hematologist heme'toacist] dietetician + dietician (daie'tifn} logoped « speech therapist [‘Oerapist] terapeutfizic _- physical therapist profesional + vocational therapist NURSES CAN BI asistenti//sori nurse de serviciu - charge nurse ~ Hispunzitoare de medicatie - medication nurse infirmiers - medical orderly, nurse assistant 184a contola temperatura -to check the temperature al curge nasul - to have a running nose ‘aavea nasul infundat - fo have a clogged up nose ‘aayea o durere de cap cumplitd - to have a spitting headache a durea gitul (gatul rogu) - to have a sore throat a inghiti eu greutate- to find it hard to swoilow a durea picioarele - to have sore feet ‘anu avea chef si - not to feel like + Ving al durea toate médularele - to be aching all over ‘a avea un somn intermitent - to sleep by snatches ‘ arsita limba - to show one’s tongue ase dezbriica pani la brdu - to strip to the weist ‘a asculta plimSnii si inima cuiva - to listen to somebody's ungs and heart ‘a respira adane - to breathe deeply agi tine respirafia - to hold one’s breath doare Ia atingere - it’s painful tothe touch 1 controla tensiumea - to check somebody's blood pressure j ffi operat de - to be operated on for ‘azace in pat bolnav de - to lie in bed with | ‘ai se pune braful in ghips - to have one's arm put in « plaster cast ‘afi complet restabilit - to be completely restcred | a face o refeti - to make out a prescription a prescrie fratament - to prescribe a course of treatment 1 se lua pe stomacul gol (medicament) - 9 be taken on an empty stomach ase zvarcoli i pat /a nu-si gsi linistea -totoss from side to ‘a.avea temperatura -to run a temperature ‘aves coginar - to have a nightmare | ‘a chema doetorul - to send forthe doctor ‘0 dati la doud ore (despre un medicament) - one every other hour a.avea efeet imediat - io have an instant relief tine regim - to keep a diet a face analize de laborator - to go through lao tests REMEMBER THE PHRASES: x afilac de sudoare - tobe all bathed in perspiration a lua pulsul-to feel the pulseSoe MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS stetoseop - stethoscope apisitor de limbit -sparcia cftalmescop - ophthelmoscope ‘iocan de perentie/reflexe- percussion hammer siringS - syringe ‘cde seringi - (aypodermic) needle ac chirurgleal- surgical needle graf, copes, eapsi - wound - clip Toarfece de oase - bone - forceps trocar - trocer sonda - probe citroscop - eytroscope ceateter, sondi vezicall ‘uretral- catheter Tanteti -ancet ‘otoscop / oglind’ frontala - ofoscope speculul ureckil - ear tube ‘oglindd dentisticd - dental forceps penseti - tweezers, pincette levator radicular - elevator for prizing out 1oots fredit- drill, disc de slefuit - emery dise dise de lustruit - rubber polishing disc aparat universal - unit - universal dentel engine Tampa de operatii- operating-lamp bormagind / tab electric - dental engine parii de aer -air/ chip syringe seringi de apa - water seaun de operatie - operating-chair aspirator de salivi- saliva(s'lwiva) ejector ‘sali de operatic - operating theatre / room sali de sterilizare - sterilizing room sterilizing drum autoclavi 156sterilizator- sterilizer 1masei eu eter /narcozi - ethers) mask 1masel de fat - face mask (ened pentru protect facial) targi- suetcher brancardii cu rotile- wheeled stretcher pat pe roti - wheeled bed cirucior cu rotile- wheeled chair clrje crutches Doaston - walking-stick mergitor eadru (ortop) - walker Jampi de raze ultraviolee - ultra-violet lamp de cuart ~ quartz Jamp baie de luminoterapie - apparatus for light-bath teatment aparat de unde ultrascurts~ short-wave apparatus masini centrfugali - centrifugal machine scaun de consultati -exarnining-chair salon de bolnavi - hospital ward spltal de boli contagioase- fever hospital sanaforia- sanatorium, nursing home ceabinet medical - surgery, consulting-room sali de agteptare-waiting-room ‘ore de consultatie - surgery / consulting hours ore de viziti- visiting hoursre | x GLOSSARY | A | abdomen = abdomen = belly abductor + abdacent{wbejusont](muschi) -~ muscle i a absorbi to absorb i abur = steam acustic = acoustic adapta toadapt adenom sdenomafeds note) adipos adipose tissue) administra “to give; 0 adenisrate ner fair 8 aeris = toair, to veniate atk + aphhafee; milethrash a ajuta to help to remedy alcool ~ alcoho elksol) raw sprit alergie “allergy alveols = socket ambulang + ambulance ambalatoriu = ambulatory ~ outpatients clinic a amesteca +10 mix (up) amigdala = tonsil amigdaliti + amyedaitisfemig’éeitis) toni ampula + ampoule(er pul; ampulefempa:) aamputa + to amputateempjuii} to cut off analgeric “analgesic anatomie = enatomy analizi “test; ~séngeli- blood test anchilozs + stiffening/’stifnin]; ankylosis{‘ekilousis) anemic ~ anaemia nimia} anemiat + anaemic nimi etiolated feeble a anesteria = to anaestheizetwnisiaig} anestezie = anaesthesia’ id] | aneveism ~ aneariem j angina + anginafen ine); | ~ pectoral ~~ pectoris pelts] 158! anticorp - ~~ antibody i antiseptic = antiseptic | aasfixia = to asphyxiate; to choke | anil ~ axilla’ eksile) ~ bacllus(besilas] + bacillus infection + acterium(bek tiatioma - swell; distend + swollen; distended + bandagel’bandic) - to dress; to bandage up ~ pelvis renal pelvis chin = vesicle (arinara) - bladder Gierii) - gallbladder bit ~ galfga:l] biologie ~ biology{bais x] biochimie - biochemistry{beiekeist] biopsie + biopsiabaap'sia] Dlenoragie + gonorthoea[ gond‘ra); lemonthagiaK iva -tns (tarebenensi) “seine ound sam velieg ‘ove “ahaa a on cabinet sxe i coating tom sy (cen) aot eadaese ~Stteoseves Taire-& “extranet Maine "% “ease igourmet cater = cic “Se oi “Soe tae “Piao tone xin “San eal ane cathe “Se cue =i nin) inp cont “Sto ‘cml ~ Ctl om tans = “fini pa lan pes ccbar “Cipla ae cplan vesl crea eae crate ines pa ~:~ aon cree Sie rapat “Sopa carte “Seer Sommer “ete ce se carat “ta Sileesinin) “ha saliskent ‘eaaot)yuring ho ta cast toe came Saat caer “Sere cre Sa coment ier ve ae| Sint cra og “=, re =< = —— | = oe is oe | constipatie ‘constipation, hardness af the bowels. j sree cetera om = es sae = & ; oe ae L os a es ae = eee ced = ae a curge (supura) «to suppurate D ~ weakly sickly feeble + frail = mentally defeetive + to clear away = deceased + to evacuate= defect = bodily defect . = finger “toe = dental dermatité + dermattis{d:rme'aits} dermatologic + dermatology ermatozi = dermatosis(dermeoas); skin disease escuama ~ to exfoliate Aiagnostic ~ dlagnosis[diog’noass] : astabili~ul = to diagnose daignoua] acase a digera =todigest digestie = digestion Aaigial = digital amprenti i ~ fingerprint inte ~ tooth, pl teeth ~ artifetal ~false tooth pl. denture dispepsie ~ dispepsie indigeston dispnee = dysponoea doctor + doctor ~bolf interne - physician ~ chirurg + surgeon doctorie = medicine; drug arageu = pil drags E echimoxa = eochymosis eczemii + eczemal‘eksimo} edem ~ oedema: dima} epitlin ~ epithelium | ctuvs = drying closet | aevacua = to eject; to evacuate | exces = excess | a face ~ = to abuse excreseentis ~ excrescencefik’skresens] a expectora = to expeetorate; fo pit extirpa = toextinpate extrauterin + extranternfekstjutersin] 162ganglion gastric sgastrit gas gostatic gingie ‘gingival globul ~ do singe rosie ~ alba gonaree arefi H handicap facial’ feifol] ~ pharinx = feces ; excrements + fetid + liver; Boal de ~ - liver complaint + scissors + forceps ~ fo break ; to fracture - frigid - forehesd + boil, fururile + ganglion - gastric gestrik] + gasrtsiges'watis) = fletalenceftjulens} ~ pregnacy = gam = gingival + compusee; cell = blood eel + red cell + white ell, eucoeyte(iukesai] = gonomhoea{ go] ofan + to hallucinate ~ hallucination handicapVi senate ~t ete cant + hematom = h(a) ematoma{hemsto2m3] hhematozi = hematosisfhemetousis] hhiperaciditate + hyperaeiity(hsipar sit] ! hipertensiume “ hypertension (high bleod tension) i hipotensiv hypotensive holers = cholera’ Kole) arin + to feed; to nourish I iter + icterus kira); jaundice | + idiot | imun immune inconstient unconscious infarct = infaret + infection + infectious “handicapped + infirmary hospital attendant medical orderly infirmity + inflaramation “heart to inoculate inodorous j + to inhale + insulin ] m = to put in hospital to hosptalize aintoxica =o poison; to intoxicate i intravenos ~ intravenous LY. irigator = inigator isterie = hysteria i a imbalsima = toembalm a imbatrani to grow/get old10 imbue with; to impregnate with + to fall/grow ill to’be taken il + to make sick = to improve - to swallow = to cure; to heal recovery = to cover - to reanimate = to hearten up = to cure (boala fiind grava) - to bring through to hinder; to incomode Jenant (care jeneazi) —_- incomod; inconvenient stinjenitor ~ embarassing + discomfort ~ kilogram (me) = labile = laboratory (1b) tear ~tear-exciting = Tacteous; milky + suckling; nursing ~ Taryn eines] ~ laryngitis(lerin egitis) laxative; apesient{s prion) + Jeuk(a)emia(‘Tu:kismia} + ligament + tongue - lymphlitiaa + lithiasis Oxisis} + Tumbago =Iumbago aluxa = tosprain | Tuxatie = luxation; dislocation | M ‘malign - malignant mamelii = mamma; breast ‘masaj = massage . masticatie + mastication ‘matern = maternal maxilar ~ maxillary miduvé ~ marrow (of a bone) minus - glove sichirugicale —- surgicals | misea + molar (tooth); grinder | medic «physician i medical medical ajutor ~ = medical aid certifieat ~ + medical certificate ‘membrand = membrane ‘memorie = memory menopauzi = menopause ‘menstrual = menstraul menstruafie ~ menstruation menses period minte = mind ratiune reason; brains Judecati Judgement amiros -'smell amirost = tosmell mixturd + mixture mobil - mobile detagabil - detachable I mortal = mortal; deadly; fatal amula = to dip; to soak i ‘mugama = oileloth I amugea = to bite 166| vd paren 5 rarer “aro; mates = Eel Tioga “toni bio cove Bier deat, home mal ma neoraseie “ewestenie matt “pews ju en eurvlog “Newologstyorsogi mig Sessa oO a - copa che ery | ery Sbosals “idine fatgee acbost test tied; faigse beer “Inca eae eins | iniede- “chat | obstetric + obstetric(al) cbettan “Smstn senelart foo as ea : ocluie eto; obstruction [fe eee reetaesty area stacsanarcr et oath carer seeds es seen e eecen era ° Te peroenen operon upevon opera spent | | orfan - orphan | ort ~Sptaage il ' ortopedie. + orthop(a)edy. 7 | toed “eae abe : ~ Sone xp basta osaturit = skeletonhi | ‘travis = poison \ Hi | otro “fo poison ! ovar “ovary if ovarian - ovarian i oxluri * oxiris | , palld = pale; of colour i) | apalpa = fo feel ; to palpate f a pansa “to dress a woud | Pansament “bandage; dressing( ofa wound) pansament prt. ernie -trss = parapl *parcite, *foreep lip ; ay | “breast } chest | breast, bosom: Gdurere de plept a psininthe chest | apipat 10 touch to fea to palpate pipet = pippete: dropper antec 1 Rndomen; belly stomac stomach titer womb plasma = plasma pojar TIneasles poliomiclits ~ poliomyditis[polioamais‘aitis) prenatal + antenatal prezervativ “condom: contracepive sheath prostata “prostate | prait = pruritus; itching | ' peihor’ = peychosis | puls = pulse: | ~ slab lowiweak pulse bY ~ neregulat inreegular/ uneven pulse purot - pus, matter 2 purola to supparate | (rani) = to festerradiosco) rahianestezie rahitism ~ mortal rresorbtie reumatism s sarein Sinitos ascirpina ascranti ~ plelorul ascurge seurgere seringii sfaire (sin) ~ (ureche) sills sinuzith sirop ~ de tuse sin singe ~ inghegat a singera sfngerare asonda + radiography « radioscopy - rachianalgesia + rachitisfrKaitis) wound ‘mortal wound resorption ~ theumatism{'ru:motism) + itehfitf}:seab; seurt ~ (graviditate) pregnancy gestation ~in (good) health ; healthy to seratch + to dislocate; to put out of joint tosprain ~tolet out = eiting out + (hypodermic) syringe = nipple ear lobe - syphilis; es + sinusitis ~syrup Tinetus = breast; bosom = blood ‘gore = to bleed - bleeding = toexplore ; to examine; to test = probe «spleensgemut sird (a spindril) tablet tale (pudra) talps ~ stomach stomach complaint pain in the stomach + stomatitis + stteptoceocus treptomicin armpit deaf + overstimulation bottom; buttock spinal columa = shock. - hip; hauneh =t0 wipe = toothless tablet tale powder sole; talpa pedis =tocut shasp earifc|; apprehension{epsihen fen] anxiety fright temper; disposition sinew'sinju:] ~ thermometer clinical ~ ~typhos camp fever timid shy hesitating ~tympanum = toilet ‘water closettrahee + tachea tranchilizant ~ tranquilizer a transpira = to perspire; to sweat | transpiratie ~ perspiration | travalia travail tubereulos ~ consumptive phihisicl tuborenlors ~ tuberculosis | pulmonary turbeculocis | phthisis tumefaetie ~ tumefation tumefiat ~ tumefed; swollen | tase cough | ~convulsivi (whooping cough; perusis | ~ seach hollow cough tT | fesut = tissue j U ud = wet leer ~ uler alse; abseess/ a ulcers = fo ulcerate ~ duodenal duodenal ulcer j ~ stomacal stomach uleer uman ~ humane } umir + shoulder | ‘aseumfla = to swells to be sing; to swell up umfliturd + swelling i aunge = (cule) - to lubriticte (ualific)- to salve unguent - ointment salve ; ureche ~ ears : uurgenti (caz) + emergency ; austura ~ to smart i aarde tobum i aminca twitch wz - usage } it. wz intern external applicationvacein vagin valvit variceli varioli vaseular vat avindeca viziti ~medicali ore de~ avomita azvacnt 10 vaccinate; to inoculate vagina = valve chicken pox; varicella + small pox; variola = vessel = vascular = cotton wool; absorbant cotton blood vessel poison “ite = to.cure ; to heal visit ‘medical examination visiting hours = t0 Vomit; to throw up = (ge masi, podea) -tolie (in pat) - to lie in bed to throbunui dire tucutle esanale este cd uptim pent Lmin pin fra: nosstrine- ford. Apotincopem af rs cnoasem wl peal ea scum 9m Merge Impround pin a Forencs Nghtrgal «Meat pn da tai cone depute nai gondii @ soca tmosSurSau cu prea condita fem. armigoara "Nighingate sa nscut nrc farieBoges nuda pride, duce opior (ave sao, ea a aut crap 8 doves astena madial, profi cones a acs Said ca cogradenta-o aisont ava abigaiac& se ngroascs char sds posce Sut botnae Galttio sale au domoratat &,stunoi cA esto Tndepinta din pasine, ‘neo ooupate odious $c top camer rb 88 8 Iertatas coin Abort Schweizer lean Henry Dunant (1828-40) foe terol Crack Rog! international (1869), promoted conven! oe la Canova gia mula stu al Crt Foyt ({888), auton Femenior dota Solero, lureat al pnt Pemlu Nebel pony pace (1804), CCharos Dickens, rnumitul scror ender, La facut ere pe Dunant ouringy “Dome in air Longfellow, un foarte cunoscut post american, 2 moralizato pe FRorence Nighingelo Tn poomul s8u Sf Flomena’, oumincé-o Doar > fimpegut Aelag name fost dat Dansearel Niagaie de care sida ripe “e ngrift nop la nd io tmpul zzoidl i Crees). _Maving Ned Cross fag a hands, Setsors carry thelr wounded mates. tn tha font wat hands of ov, Sent fom home for nursing al” ‘Song ofthe nurse onthe Batts _Frurastoagl Cr Rox Soldati ear camara an Tn acest cor i agteapit mall uboar, Tomise de acasd 84 ngs pet” Ctl item afte po cpl de pe, + | i j 1 ! { i 4 i { | | Ben: 973.0413.285 CCooerta: WALTER RIESS