SALLY REGAN

Vampire
Book
The
US_04_05_TitlePage.indd 5 15/5/09 11:31:33
LONDON, NEW YORK,
MELBOURNE, MUNICH, AND DELHI
Project editor Jenny Finch
Senior art editor Stefan Podhorodecki
Designers Keith Davis, Johnny Pau, Yumiko Tahata
Editorial assistant Jessamy Wood
Managing editor Linda Esposito
Managing art editor Diane Thistlethwaite
Publishing manager Andrew Macintyre
Category publisher Laura Buller
Creative retouching Steve Willis
Picture research Nic Dean
DK picture library Lucy Claxton
Production editor Maria Elia
Senior production controller Angela Graef
Jacket designer Yumiko Tahata
Jacket editor Mariza OKeeffe
Design development manager Sophia M Tampakopoulos Turner
Consultant Professor Glennis Byron
First published in the United States in 2009 by
DK Publishing, 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014
09 10 11 12 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
175774 07/09
Copyright 2009 Dorling Kindersley Limited
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited.
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for
sales promotions, premiums, fundraising, or educational use. For details, contact:
DK Publishing Special Markets, 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014
SpecialSales@dk.com
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN: 978-0-7566-5551-8
Design and digital artworking by Stefan Podhorodecki
Hi-res workow proofed by MDP, UK
Printed and bound by Leo, China
Discover more at
www.dk.com
US_06_07_Imprint_Conts.indd 6 15/5/09 11:31:29
WHAT IS A VAMPIRE?
Vampire 10
Creation: A Vampire is Born 12
Appearance: Slobbering Ghouls
to Sinister Beauties 14
Thirst for Blood 16
Powers: The Dark Gift 18
Shape-Shifting 20
The Life of the Dead 22
Apotropes: To Deliver you from Evil 24
How to Destroy a Vampire 28
MYTHS AND LEGENDS
Blood Demons: Spirits from
the Ancient World 32
Fairy Folk of Celtic Lore 34
African Tales of Terror 36
Ghouls: Fearsome Flesh Eaters 38
Kali: Hindu Goddess of Destruction 40
Blood-drinking Witches of Southeast Asia 42
Jiangshi: Chinese Hopping Ghosts 44
Flying Fire and Caribbean Crones 46
Gods and Monsters of
South and Central America 48

C
ontents
THE RISE OF THE VAMPIRE
54 Good vs. Evil: Revenants and
the Christian Church
56 Vampires of Eastern Europe
58 Vampire Hysteria hits Europe
60 The Strange Case of Mercy Brown
62 Gothic Horror: The First Vampire
Literature
64 Bram Stoker and the Most Inuential
Horror Story Ever Written
68 Vlad the Impaler: The Real Dracula
70 Elizabeth Bathory: The Blood Countess
THE MODERN MYTH
74 A Century of Screen Horror
76 Dark Angels: Vampires Come of Age
78 Child Vampires
80 Vampire Hunters
82 Falling in Love with the Undead
86 Vampires are Forever
88 More to explore
90 Glossary
92 Index and credits
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US_08_09_What_is_a_Vampire.indd 8 15/5/09 11:31:25
The name vampire arouses both fear and fascination. Traditionally a
dead person who leaves their grave at night to suck the blood of the
living, these creatures have taken many forms over the years. However,
they all continue to share some basic traits. They thirst for blood and
have unusual powers and strengths. There are perils they must avoid,
and signs that give away their deadly secret.
What is a
Vampire?
US_08_09_What_is_a_Vampire.indd 9 15/5/09 11:31:26
10

ampires are forever. They are the undead:
immortals who walk the Earth undetected,
seeking blood to sustain their unnatural existence.
Their origins are lost in the mists of time.
From the earliest civilizations, they have
been whispered about in myth
and legend. They have
appeared in many guises.
Ancient cultures all over
the world feared spirits
and demons that thirsted
for blood and brought
death and despair. In many
places, these beings were
strongly associated with
witchcraft and sorcery.
Chroniclers in the Middle Ages
wrote of revenantscorpses
rising from their graves to seek blood
and spread misfortune. The folklore
of Eastern Europe called them
strigoi, and belief in these
restless corpses was so strong that panic
would overtake any community that
suspected there was one in their midst.
V
V
a
m


p
i
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e
US_10_11_Definition.indd 10 15/5/09 15:25:38
11
As word of these creatures spread, they were
recast in the imagination of 19th-century writers
and called vampires. These mindless
monsters became the cruel
but charismatic aristocrat
of the Gothic novel. An
enigmatic stranger with
slicked-back hair and a
long black cape, he had
superhuman powers and sharp
fangs, and became a favorite
movie villain. But vampires
continue to evolve. Possessing
amazing powers and ethereal
beauty, todays vampires
walk a dierent path. They can
ght their craving for human
blood and blend in with human
society. Highly accomplished, yet
tormented and aloof, they hold a
powerful appeal for those who guess
their secret. Their legend may be as
old as fear itself, but vampires
continue to fascinate and thrill us to this day.
This is their story
V
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m


p
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US_10_11_Definition.indd 11 15/5/09 11:31:23
12
Creation
There are three main ways of becoming a vampire
by birth, by death, or by bite. In folklore, the way
that a person entered the world, and the way that they
lived, died, and were buried, made the
diference between eternal rest or
eternal roaming. Today, it is the
bite that counts.
A VAMPIRE IS BORN
SEALED WITH A KISS
The modern method of vampire creation is
the classic act of a vampire biting into his
victim to feed. As he draws blood, the bite
turns the victim into one of his own kind.
Typically, the vampire bites into an area of the
body where a main artery is near the surface
usually the neck or wristthough in tales of
folklore, it could also be on the thorax or above
the heart. Two small puncture marks are the only
evidence of the vampires visit, but victims will
soon notice telltale signs of their fate. Their breath
starts to smell, they look pale, recoil from religious
artifacts, and become more active at night. Most
victims waste away, until they die and are reborn
as a new vampire. Sometimes the vampires
bite merely kills his victim, unless the victim
also tastes the vampires blood in return.
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13
DAMNED BEFORE BIRTH
A baby may seem too innocent to be labeled a vampire
even before it has drawn its rst breath, but in the folklore
of many parts of the world, pregnancy was fraught with
danger. If the mother saw a black cat, ate too much salt, or
was looked at by a witch, her baby was at risk of becoming
a vampire. There were also other factors to worry a
mother. If the baby was born the illegitimate child
of an illegitimate child, the seventh son of a
seventh son, or with teeth, too much hair, or
a caul (membrane) over its head, it was
almost certainly destined for vampirism
after death. A baby conceived or born
on certain holy days would also cause
its parents great anxiety.
A VAMPIRE IS BORN
UNCERTAIN DEATH
A persons life, death, and manner of burial were crucial
factors in determining vampire status in many parts of the
world. Anyone committing suicide was doomed, since many
religions viewed this as an unforgivable sin. Murderers,
robbers, and other criminals were also seen as vulnerable to
vampiric resurrection. Many cultures took the manner of
laying a person to rest very seriously. If burial took place too
quickly, or without the proper rituals, this was a cause for
concern. In Romania, burying a person face up, or not deep
enough, could result in them becoming a vampire.
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14
Appearance
Vampires of old were putrid beastsugly, decaying corpses
covered in dirt from the grave. But, rened by the imaginations of
novelists and lmmakers, vampires grew increasingly human,
until in the 20th century they emerged as a kind of superhuman
unnaturally beautiful and fatally appealing.
SLOBBERING GHOULS TO SINISTER BEAUTIES
A NOVEL IDEA
The ction of the 19th century
painted a different picture: suddenly
vampires got class. With sunken
cheeks, owing hair, long dark
ngernails, and white fangs, they
were aristocratic gentlemen with skin
like marble and a hungry look. With
his diabolical smile and piercing gaze,
the vampire was still a gure of terror,
but now he was taking his place in
human society and using charm to snare
his victims.
DEAD UGLY
In the folklore of Eastern Europe, which is thought
to be the origin of the modern vampire myth,
blood-drinking undead beings were described as
short, fat, and sweaty, with pointed ears, ratlike
teeth, and rancid, stinking breath. Their bloated,
rotting bodies would be dressed in rags and
smeared with lth from the grave. Blood would
probably trickle from their mouths. More like
zombies from a horror movie, their return
from death had stripped these revenants of
all their recognizably human qualities.
US_14_15_Appearance.indd 14 10/06/2009 15:32
15
GOLDEN OLDIE
Sporting a dark suit and a long
black cape that opened out like a
bats wings, the vampire became a
staple of horror movies in the 20th
century. Usually an icy nobleman with
a thick foreign accent, his fangs were
longer, and his eyes cold and glassy,
turning red with anger. Though this
well-worn archetype may now seem
corny, to audiences at the time these
characters had huge appeal, and in the
stories they often used charisma to beguile
victims of the opposite sex.
TODAYS VAMPIRE
Todays vampire could hardly be more different
from the mindless ghouls of old. Modern
vampires disguise their superhuman abilities to
t seamlessly into human society and look just
like usexcept for being awless in every way.
There are few clues to their true nature, though
their eyes change color when they lust for
blood. Those same eyes may betray their
angst at an inner struggle over the life theyve
been blessed or cursed with.
A NOVEL IDEA
The ction of the 19th century
painted a different picture: suddenly
vampires got class. With sunken
cheeks, owing hair, long dark
ngernails, and white fangs, they
were aristocratic gentlemen with skin
like marble and a hungry look. With
his diabolical smile and piercing gaze,
the vampire was still a gure of terror,
but now he was taking his place in
human society and using charm to snare
his victims.
US_14_15_Appearance.indd 15 10/06/2009 15:32
16
Thirst
Vampires are blood-drinking creatures whose very existence
depends on satisfying their thirst. Without a ready supply of
blood, they will perish. The deep, physical craving for this crimson
liquid is the one characteristic that all vampires share.
ESSENCE OF LIFE
Since ancient times, people have recognized
blood as the very essence of life. Egyptian
princes bathed in blood to revive their mental
powers, ancient Romans drank the blood of
gladiators, believing that it passed on the
potency of these erce ghters, and the
Aztecs of Central America worshipped their
Sun god with offerings of blood. The idea that
blood was needed in order to sustain life
made it natural to assume that living
spiritsthe undeadwould also need blood
and would take it from the living.
THE THIRST
The vampires insatiable desire for blood is
known as the thirst. All vampires need to
drink fresh blood to sustain their unnatural
existence. Without it, they age, weaken, and
lose their powers. Starved for too long, a
vampire would eventually suffer a kind of living
deathconscious, but too weak to function.
The vampires need for blood is often
described as being like a powerful addiction
the physical cravings for the salty, metallic
substance and the feeling of strength that it
provides are almost impossible to resist.
FEEDING FRENZY
Historically, vampires were linked to frenzied
killing sprees. Their need for blood explained
to early populations why their cattle were
dying and why so many people perished in
outbreaks of disease. To ingest a victims
blood, the vampire makes an incision with his
razor-sharp fangs at a point on the body
where a blood vessel is close to the surface.
After feeding, vampires gain strength, and
some even grow younger. With some restraint,
a vampire can return to the same victim time
and again before he or she nally dies.
MODERN TASTES
Human blood gives the vampire the most
strength. The blood of rats, pets, cattle, or
any other animal would be enough to keep
a vampire alive but would not satisfy their
craving. In the modern era, some vampires
have developed a conscience and a desire
to live peacefully in human society. By
shunning human blood and denying their
craving, they battle against their very nature.
By choice, these tormented souls try to
make do with animal blood, but it is a
poor substitute.
FOR BLOOD
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17
Thirst
US_16_17_Bloodlust.indd 17 15/5/09 14:32:33
18
P
owers
THE DARK GIFT
Though doomed to spend eternity killing
for blood, vampires are endowed with a
range of extraordinary powers. Sometimes
called the dark gift, each vampires set
of special abilities is diferent, but there
are some skills that all vampires share.
IMMORTALITY
Most vampires are immortalthey do not age
and die as humans do. Many are also resistant to
conventional weapons and the ravages of disease.
On the rare occasion that a vampire is wounded,
he or she heals very quickly and feels no pain.
CREATING
NEW VAMPIRES
Some vampires can create more of their kind simply
by feedingtheir victim dies a mortal death but is
reborn as one of the undead. If the creator vampire
desires it, the new vampire will be enslaved, and only
freed if the master is weakened or destroyed.
SUPERHUMAN
A vampire possesses physical strength that no
human can equal. Their sheer might, paired with
the fact that they never tire, makes them
extremely difcult to match in physical combat.
Time means increased powervampires get
even stronger as they age.
STRENGTH
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19
P
owers
LIGHTNING SPEED
Vampires move with supreme grace and agility.
Sometimes they move too fast for the human eye to
register, seeming to appear out of nowhere. They can
defy gravity by climbing up or down the steepest walls
or by leaping vertically from a standing start. Some
vampires can even y.
MIND
POWERS
Using the hypnotic
power of their eyes,
some vampires can
control the thoughts
of humans and
animals, compelling
them to do their
bidding. Some vampires
can mind read, while others use telekinesis
to move objects by willpower alone.
ENHANCED SENSES
Vampires are equipped with an acute sense of hearing,
smell, and sight. Their hearing is as sharp as a wolfs
even in the noisiest of cities. An enhanced sense of
smell allows them to track their prey, but it also makes
strong odors repellent. Super-sensitive eyes allow them
to see clearly in total darkness.
Control of the elements is a useful
tricka eeing vampire can summon a
storm to cover her tracks. Other magical abilities
include the power to cast spells, turn base metals
into gold, and shape-shift into other forms.
MAGICAL ABILITIES
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20 21


















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US_22_23_Lifestyle.indd 22 15/5/09 14:32:42
23
Life Dead
THE
OF THE
The vampires way of life has changed a great deal over the centuries.
No longer restricted to emerging at night from dirty cofns to
terrorize cattle and villagers, the options are now more varied. There
is the chance to use impressive powers, mix with humans, and even
enjoy their company. Some vampire traits, however, never change.
US_22_23_Lifestyle.indd 23 15/5/09 14:32:44
24
FFFFFFFFFFFIIIIIIIIIIIIRRRRRRRRRRRRRREEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
An An An An An An An An An An An ooooooooo ooo ooooo oo ope pe pe pe pe pe pee pe pe pe pe pe pee pe peeeee pppee pppe ppe pe penn n nnnn nnnn nnn n n a a a a a a a a a a a a a mmme me me me me me me me mme mmm a a a a a a aa aa a a a a bbbbbbb bbbbb bbbbbbbbbbb bbbb bbbbur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur r ur ur uur ur urni ni ni ni ni ni nni nn ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ggg ttttt ttt ttor oor or ooor or or oor or or or or oor rchh ch ch ch ch chhh cch ch ch ccch c ooo oo oo ooo ooooooor r r rr rr rrrrrr r rr cr cr ccr cr ccrr cr cr crrrrac ac ac ac aac ac ac ac c ac ac aaa kl kl kl kl kl kl kl kkl kl kl kl kkl kl kl kl klin in in in in n in in in in in n in nn in n in nnn in nnn iin nn ingg gg gggg g ggg g g gggg gg gg
ca cca ca ca ca ca ca ca cca ca ca cca a ca ca a ca ca a ca a ca aamp mp mp mp mp mp mmmp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mmp p mp mmmmmmmmmp mmmmp mp mmmm r r r r r r r r r r rrrr r r e e e e ee e e ee e e e e ee e eee e ee e eee mi mi mi mmi mi mi mmi mmmmigh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh h gh gg t t tt tt ttt t be be be be be be be be be bbbe bb eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeno no no no no no no nno n ug ug ug ug ug ug ug ug ug g ug ggh h h h hhhh h hh h h to to to to to to to to to to to to ooo k kkk kkkkk kkkee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee eee eee eee eeeee eep ppp p p p ppppppp so so sso so so so so so o so so so o so so so so so oooommmme me me me mme me me me me me mme me me meee mme mmmmme meeeee mmmmeee mmee me mme
va va va va va va va va va va va va va va vva va vva vva va va vvvaa va vv mp mp mp mp mmmp mp mp mpp mmp mmp mmmmp mmp mp mmmmmmmpppir ir irr ir ir irr irr ir irrrrres es es es es es ess es es es es ees eessss eees ess es ess esss aaaaa aaaaaaaa at t t t t t t t t t ttt tttt ba bbba ba ba aa bba ba ba a ba ba ba ba ba a ba b y. y. y. y. y. y. y. yyy. yyyyy IIIIIIn n n nn nn n ma ma ma ma ma ma mma ma a ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma many ny ny ny ny ny ny ny ny ny ny nyy nyy ny nnyy ny ny nyyyyyyyyyy r rrr rrr rrrrr rrel el el eel el el eel el eliig iig ig ig ig gg ig g ig gggg ig gggio iio io io io iio io oo ioooo ions ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns s ns ns s ns sss,,, ,, ,,, ,,, r r r r r rr r r r r r r r r r r reeee ee e eeee eeeee e ee eeeeeeeee ee ee
is is is is is iss is is iisss is is iss is is issss iiis ii ssss sssssssssssss see ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee e ee eee ee e eee e eeeeee ee ee eeeee nnnn n n n nnnnnnnnnnnn nn n n as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as aaaaaas aaaaaaa aaaa pppp pppp pppppppur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur urr ur urrrrrrif if if if if if if if iff iff iif iii yi yi yi yi yi yi yi yi yi yi yyyi yi yyyi yyyyi yyyyyyyyy ng nng nng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng ng nngg ng gggggg aaaa aa aaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaage ge ge ge ge ge ge ge ge ge gee ge gee ge ge ge ge ge geeeee ge gee ge ge gee ge ge ggent nt nnt nt nt nt nt nt nnt nt nnnnnnnnnnt nnnnnnt nnt nnnnt nt nt nntt. ... We We We WWWe We We We We WWWWe WWe WWe We We WWWe WWWWWee We WWWWeak ak ak ak ak ak ak ak ak ak ak aaaaaaaaak a er er er eer er err er eeer er er
va va va va va va va va va vva a va vva vv mp mp mp mp mp mpppp mmp mppppp mmp mp mmppp mpppppir ir irr irr ir irr ir ir iirr ir irr irrrrrr irrres es es es ess es es es es es es es ess es es es es es eess ess ess ees es es e hhhh hhh hhhh hhhhat at at at at at at at at aaaaaat aaat a ee e eeeeeeeee e eeeee it it it it it it it itt it itt, , , ,,,, , , , as as as as as assss as asss as ass assss a iiii iiii iiii iit t t tt t t tttttt tttttttttt is is is is is is is iss is iss isssssssss iss is tttt ttt ttt ttt ttttt tra ra ra ra raa raa ra raa raa raa ra r di di di dii di di di di di dddi di di di ddi dddddiiti ti ti ti ti ti ti tti ti ttti tttti tiion on on on oooon on on on on on on on n on nn ooon nnn on nnnnnaal al al al al al aal al al aaal aal al aaal al a ly ly lyy ly ly ly ly ly ly lyy ly ly ly lyyyyyy
us us us us us uuus used ed ed ed ed ed edd edd eeedd ed tttttttttttttttttttttoo o oo oo ooooooooo o ooooo de de de de dde de ddde ddddddde dd st sst st st st st st st stro ro ro ro ro roo ro ro roo rooy y yy y y yyy yy th th th h th th th th th th th tthem em em em em mmm em em em m em em eeem em mm eemm em. .
Apotropes
Folklore tells of many charms and tricks to ward o
vampires. Apotropes are objects or substances,
such as garlic, that work to repel evil. Other
tactics, like the scattering of seeds, use
a knowledge of the vampires weaknesses
to stop him in his tracks.
TO DELIVER YOU FROM EVIL
LLo Lo Lo Lo Lo Lo Lo Lo Lo Looo LLo Lo LLLooong ng ng ng nng ng ng ng nng ng ng ng ngg ngg ng uuuuuuu uuuu uuuuuuuuuuuuse se se see se se se se se se sse ssse seeeeeeeeddd dd dd dddd dd ddddd as as as as as as as aass assssss aaaa aaaaaa ppp ppp pppp pppro ro ro ro rro ro ro ro ro rote te te tee teeect ct ct ct ct ct c io io io io iooooon n n nn n ag ag ag ag a ai ai ai ains ns ns nst t t t ev ev ev ev e il il il oo of f fff
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bu bu bu bu bbu bu bu bbbu bbbbu bb ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll ll lll lllet et eet et et et et et et et eet etttt ttttt tttt tttt ttttttttttttha ha hha ha ha ha haa ha ha hha hhha ha ha ha ha hha hh t tt tt t ttttttt ttt ca ca ca a ca ca ca ca ca c n nn n n nnn ac ac ac ac ac ac ac acc acc aaactu ttu tu tu tu tu tttual al al al al l al al al l allly ly lly lly ly ly ly ly yyyyy kkk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkil il il iill il iil ill il ill il il il il ii llll llll l l ll l aaaa aaa a aaaaaaaaaa aa va va va vvva va va v mp mp mp mp mp m ir ir ir ir i e, e, e, bbbbut ut ut ut ut
on on on on on oon on on on oooo ly ly ly lyyy ly lyy lyy ly lyyyy ly lyy iii iiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiif f ff f ffff f fffffff ffff f it it itt it iiit iitt it iiiiit itt gg gggggggggggggoe oe oe oe oe oe oe oe oe oe oe oe o s ss ssss ss ss th thh th th thh th thh th th thhhh th th ttt ro ro ro ro rro ro o ro ro ro rrrro o rro oooooooooooooooug ug ug ug ug ug ug ug ug ug ug ug uug gg ug ug ug ug ug ug ug ug g ug g uuug g ug g ug uuug ug ug ug gghhhhhh hh hhhhhhhhh hhhh tth tth th thh tth th th thh tthh th ttth th th tt e e e e ee e he he he he he hhh ar ar aar ar ar art. t. t. SSS Sil il il ilve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve ve errrr r rrr
st st st st st t st st st st st sst st st st st st st st sst st s ak ak ak ak ak ak ak ak ak ak aa es es es ees es esss es es es es es es ess es es eess es ees, , ,, ,, , , , , , , , , , , da da da da da da da da da ddddddddda dddda dddddddd ggg gg gg gg gg gg gg ggg ggg gg gg gg gg gg gg ggggggg gggg gger er er er er er er er er er er eeer r er er rrs, s, s, s, s, s, s, s, s, s, s, s,,,,, aaa aaaa aaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaand nd nd nd ddddd nd nd nd nd d nnd d nd nd nd nd d nd nd dd nd d nnd nnd dd ss sssssss sssssssswwwo woo wo wo wo wo wo wo wwwwwo wooo wwo woooo wooo wo w rrd rd rd rd rd rd rdd rd r ssss ss ar ar ar ar ar ar aa ee e eee us us us us ssef f ef ef ef eful uul uul ul uuul uul l ul
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Th Th TTh Th TTh TTh Thh TTTTTTTTTTh Th TTT is iss iss issssssssss is is iss i pp pppppp ppppri ri ri ri ri ri ri rick ck ck ck ck ck cck c lly ly ly ly lyy lly ppppppppper er eer er er er riil il il il il iil lll cccccccc cccou ou ou ou ou ouuuu oooou ouuuld ld ld ld ld ld ldd ldd ld ld ld ld cc ccc cccccccccaat t at at at t at aat at at at at at tt attch ch ch ch h ch ch ch ch ch ch h ch hhhhhhh cch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch hh ch hhhhh aaaaaaa aaaaa aaaaaaaaaa vvvvvvv vvv vvv vvvvvv vvvvam am am am am aam amm am am am am am amm am am aamppi pi pi pi pi pi pii pi pi pi pi pii pi piii pii piii piii pi pppii pi ppp rre re re re re re re ree re re reee re rree rree re re res s s s s s s s s s s s s ss s ssssssssssss
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kn kn kn kn kn kn kn kkn kn kn kknn kkn k ot ot ot ot ot ot oooooooo . . . Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr P eo eo oo eo eo eo eo oo e cc cc cc ccc cc cc cccc c up up up pie ie ieed ddd dddd by by by by bbby y bb tt tt tttthi hi hi hi hi hii hhhhhis, s, s, s, s, ssss hh hhhhhhhhhhhhhee e e ee ee e ee wi wwi wi wi wi wi wwww ll ll ll ll l ll ll lll nnnnnnnnnnnot ott oot ot ot ot oo bbbb bbb be ee e
ab aab ab ab ab ab bbb ab b ab bb abb a le llee le lle e le le le eeeeee ttt ttttto oooooo co co co co co co o co co ont nt ntt nt nntiin in innn inue ue ue e ue e ue u hhhhh hh hhis iiss issss is hhh hhh hh hh hhhhhun un un un n un un un un un un un nnn un un un n un n uuun n u t t t t tttttttttttt ttttttttt t t or or or or or or or or or or or or orr or or or or or or orr or or or or ooor or or orr oor orr ii iiiiii iiiii iiii ii iimp mp mp mp mp p mp mp mp p mp mmp mp mp mmp mmp mp mmmmp mmp mp mp mp mp mp p mp mmp mmp mmp mmp p mp mp mppped ed ed ed ed ed ed ed edd ed eeedd eeed eeed edd e e eee ee e eee
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MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRROOOOOOOOORRRRRRRRSSSSSSS
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a a a a a a a aaaaa a vva vva va va va va vva va aaa vamp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mp mmmmp mp mp mmp mp pir ir ir ir ir ir irrrr iiire ee ee e e ee e ee wwi wi wwi wwi wi wii wi wi wwiii wiii wi wi wwwi wi wi wii w ll ll ll ll ll ll lll ll ll ll lllllll lll ll l sssss sss ssss sssshr hr hr hr hr hr hr hr hr h in in in inn in in iin ii k k k fr fr fr fr from om om om om mmmm mmir ir ir ir ir ir ir ir irro rro ro roo roo ro rrors rs rs rs rs s r
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as ass ass as as as aaasss ass a hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhe e eee e eeeee eeeee ppppl pl pl pll pl pl pppl pl pl pl pppp ea ea eeea eaa ea e se se se se se es. s. sss
Whoeverfghts
looktoit thathehimself
amonster. Andwhen
an abyss,theabyss
US_26_27_Quote.indd 26 15/5/09 14:32:51
monstersshould
doesnotbecome
you gazelong into
alsogazesintoyou.
Beyond Good and Evil, Friedrich Nietzsche
US_26_27_Quote.indd 27 15/5/09 14:32:53
28
FIND HIM
Vampires are endishly difcult to track down, but
various animals can help identify them. Dogs are likely to
snarl and bark in the presence of the undead. In the
folklore of Eastern Europe, a white stallion led through a
graveyard was said to rear up if it reached any grave
belonging to a vampire. A burial site with a blue glow or
re around it, or a plot where the earth had been disturbed,
were also considered sure signs of an unnatural occupant.
CORNER HIM
Apotropaic objects should help subdue the vampire. If a
vampires lair can be detected, holy water should be
sprinkled and prayers said over it. This deles the resting
place for the vampire and prevents him from returning.
Forced to live in daylight day after day, his powers would
gradually diminish until eventually the vampire would crumble
into dust. But beware: vampires may have more than one
resting place. If you can nd the beast asleep in his cofn or
grave, you have the ideal chance to put an end to him.
KILL HIM
A stake through the heart is the most popular way of destroying
a vampire, pounded in with a mallet or the at of a gravediggers
shovel. Its best when done in one stroke, using a stake made of
juniper, ash, or maple wood. Vampires do not die immediately
when pierced through the heart, and it is possible that the monster
could remove the wood during its death throes. To be sure of
success, you need to decapitate the vampire and burn it to ashes.
To be extra-safe, the head and body must be burned separately
and the ashes scattered in different locations. This prevents the
monster from regenerating. Take special care not to stand in the
smoke as this has the power to turn you into a vampire.
Vampires may seem indestructible, with their
astonishing supernatural abilities. But with a cool
head, the well-equipped hunter can end an evil
vampires undead life for good.
A VAMPIRE
HOW TO
D
estroy
US_28_29_Battle_Destroy.indd 28 15/5/09 11:36:52
29
US_28_29_Battle_Destroy.indd 29 15/5/09 11:33:49
Myths
and
Legends
US_30_31_Myths_Legends.indd 30 15/5/09 11:51:45
Many folktales around the world tell of the restless deadsouls doomed to
walk the Earth seeking blood to sustain their existence. In the past, death
wasnt necessarily seen as the end of life, but as the beginning of a new
existence. This was a comfort to those left behind, but it also left a lingering
doubt as to what the dead might get up to. As well as reanimated corpses,
many other supernatural blood drinkers are found in myths and legends.
From ghouls and ghosts, to witches and fairies, these unearthly creatures
all terrorized the living, bringing with them sickness and death.
Myths
and
Legends
US_30_31_Myths_Legends.indd 31 15/5/09 11:51:46
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3
2
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3
3
_
B
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3
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5
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U
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_
3
4
_
3
5
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C
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.
i
n
d
d



3
4
1
5
/
5
/
0
9



1
1
:
4
2
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4
1
34 35
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3
4
1
5
/
5
/
0
9



1
1
:
4
2
:
4
1
36
Af rican
On the African continent, blood-drinking and
esh-eating creatures come in many diferent guises.
Most are not undead, but living souls who dwell
unrecognized in their unfortunate communities.
ADZE
In southeastern Ghana, people of the
Ewe tribe believed sorcerers living
among them were hosts to a vampire
spirit known as the Adze. Resembling
a rey, it would drink coconut water
and palm oil, but most of all it sought
the blood of young children. If caught,
it would quickly revert to human form.
TALES OF TERROR
OBAYIFO
A witchlike person who lived secretly
among the Ashanti people of Ghana,
the Obayifo becomes a glowing ball
during the hours of darkness, when
she seeks the blood of children. A bad
harvest would also be blamed on the
Obayifoshe is obsessed with food
and likes sucking the juice out of fruit
and vegetables.
ASANBOSAM
This creature was said to live deep in
the forests of southern Ghana. It looked
almost human but had hooks on its
legs and ferocious iron teeth. Dangling
from trees, it would snatch up passers-
by, who were usually hunters, to feast
on their blood. In some regions, the
Asanbosam attacked sleeping villagers
by biting them on the thumb.
US_36_37_Africa.indd 36 15/5/09 11:39:46
Af rican
IMPUNDULU
The Zulu and Xhosa tribes of South
Africa believed in a creature called the
Impundulu, or lightning bird. This
giant black-and-white beast is said to
summon thunder and lightning with its
wings and talons. It was usually the
servant of a witch, who would use its
unquenchable thirst for blood to
destroy her enemies.
ZOMBIES
These terrifying creatures are incredibly
strong and rip their victims apart before
consuming their esh. They are found
in Voodooa religion that developed
on the Caribbean island of Haiti and is
based on the spiritual beliefs of west
African peoples. In Voodoo tradition,
zombies are corpses that have been
reanimated by priests to become
mindless servants, doomed to toil
forever under the will of their master.
SOUL EATERS
Folklore of the Hausa tribe of west
Africa tells of witches called soul eaters,
who preyed on their victims life force.
The soul eater could shape-shift into
animals so peculiar looking that they
would startle any onlooker to the point
where their soul would leap out of their
body and be gobbled up. The soulless
victim would then waste away.
US_36_37_Africa.indd 37 15/5/09 11:39:48
Af rican
IMPUNDULU
The Zulu and Xhosa tribes of South
Africa believed in a creature called the
Impundulu, or lightning bird. This
giant black-and-white beast is said to
summon thunder and lightning with its
wings and talons. It was usually the
servant of a witch, who would use its
unquenchable thirst for blood to
destroy her enemies.
ZOMBIES
These terrifying creatures are incredibly
strong and rip their victims apart before
consuming their esh. They are found
in Voodooa religion that developed
on the Caribbean island of Haiti and is
based on the spiritual beliefs of west
African peoples. In Voodoo tradition,
zombies are corpses that have been
reanimated by priests to become
mindless servants, doomed to toil
forever under the will of their master.
SOUL EATERS
Folklore of the Hausa tribe of west
Africa tells of witches called soul eaters,
who preyed on their victims life force.
The soul eater could shape-shift into
animals so peculiar looking that they
would startle any onlooker to the point
where their soul would leap out of their
body and be gobbled up. The soulless
victim would then waste away.
US_36_37_Africa.indd 37 15/5/09 11:39:48
38 39
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_
3
8
_
3
9
_
A
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b
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.
i
n
d
d



3
8
1
5
/
5
/
0
9



1
1
:
3
9
:
4
4
38 39
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_
3
8
_
3
9
_
A
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d
d



3
8
1
5
/
5
/
0
9



1
1
:
3
9
:
4
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US_40_41_India.indd 40 15/5/09 11:39:40
41
The Hindu deity Kali is the goddess of destruction and pestilence and is famed
for her taste for blood. She inspires fear but is also honored as representing
time and change. She is just one of many blood drinkers in Indian mythology.
Kali
HINDU GODDESS OF DESTRUCTION
GODDESS OF DESTRUCTION
Often depicted as a woman with four arms, fangs, and
a long tongue, Kali is a terrifying gure. In one hand she
clutches a sword, while with another she holds the head
of a slain giant. Around her neck she wears a necklace
of skulls. She is often depicted standing on Shiva, her
companion deity. The story goes that Kali was ghting
the demon Raktavija, but every drop of his blood that
spilled on the battleeld turned into a new demon, until
the battleeld was lled with thousands of them. To
defeat Raktavija, Kali sucked the blood straight from his
body and devoured the demons. Drunk on her success,
Kali got carried away and started destroying everything
in sight, so Shiva threw himself beneath her feet in
order to stop the destruction.
MYTH TO RELIGION
Kali is just one of many bloodthirsty creatures in
Indian mythology, originating in the magic and
superstition of ancient traditions. Hinduismwhich
developed in the Indus Valley (in modern-day Pakistan)
and spread across India around 1000 BCEwas tolerant
and accepting of these long-held folk beliefs and
enabled them to spread thoughout the land. Some
creatures, like Kali, were incorporated into the religion
and became ferocious gods. Others live on in folk
traditions.
GRAVEYARD GHOULS
Indian tradition tells of many esh-eating ghouls that
lurk in burial grounds. In Hindu mythology, Vetalas (also
known as Baital) are spirits that live in recently
deceased corpses. At night they search for the blood
of sleeping, drunk, or mad women. They look like old
women, deformed by discolored skin and poisoned
ngernails. Bhutas are wandering souls that also live in
graveyards. They are thought to be the spirits of dead
people who did not receive proper funeral rites. They
can shape-shift into bats and attack the living to cause
disease. Rakshasas are man-eating spirits, rst
described in the Atharva Veda (a Hindu religious text).
They appear in many guises, usually as a half-human,
half-animal creature covered in blood.
FEMALE FRIGHTS
Females who seek vengeance from beyond the grave
proliferate in Indian mythology. The Churel was
believed to be a woman who had died in pregnancy
during the important Divali festival. She returns to
suck the blood of her relatives. The Churel is a
gruesome sight, with feet pointing backward and a
protruding black tongue. Another fearsome female
was the Masani. Inhabiting burial grounds, this spirit
was black in appearance, due to the ash from her
funeral pyre. She hunted at night, attacking anyone
who passed by. Though there are many ghoulish
spirits in Indian mythology, some are not entirely evil.
The Pisacha, for example, are demons that eat corpses,
but they can also restore the sick to health if enticed.
US_40_41_India.indd 41 15/5/09 11:39:41
42 43 42 43
MONSTROUS MAIDEN
The Penanggalan is one of the most gruesome
of all mythical creatures. This terrible ghoul
looks like a beautiful maiden during the day, but
at night her head detaches from her body and
ies around, intestines dangling beneath, seeking
the blood of newborn infants. At the end of the
night, the Penanggalan must use a vat of
vinegar to shrink her swollen innards so that
they will t back into her body.
Across southeast Asia, blood-drinking creatures
are strongly associated with black magic. Dark
tales abound of beautiful but bloodthirsty witches
and sorcerers slaves.
OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
BLOOD-DRINKING
Witches
US_42_43_Malaysia.indd 42 15/5/09 11:39:36
42 43 42 43
US_42_43_Malaysia.indd 43 15/5/09 11:39:37
44
SPLIT SOUL
According to Chinese belief, each person has two
souls: the higher soul, or hun, and the lower soul, or
po. After death, the hun ascends to join the spirit
world. But if a person lived a bad life, their po would
remain earthbound, trapped in the body, which would
be reanimated as a jiangshi. Liars, cheats, and those
who committed suicide were particularly vulnerable.
What happened after death was also signicant,
however. A blameless person who was not given a
proper funeral could become a jiangshi, and an animal
leaping over the corpse could also condemn the
unfortunate soul to join the ranks of the undead. The
utmost care had to be taken when preparing the
body for burial, lest the deceaseds spirit was sullied:
even leaning over a body was considered risky.
BOUND TO HOP
The name hopping ghost stems from the Chinese
tradition of burying the dead in special garments that
tied the legs together. The creature, having risen from
the dead in its funeral garb, would then have to hop
to move around. Another explanation is that the dead
were often transported from the towns where they
worked back to the place of their birth. Carried
upright on bamboo stretchers, the corpses appeared
to be bobbing up and down.
FEROCIOUS FIEND
The jiangshis appearance ranged from humanlike to
gruesome, with a long black tongue and eyeballs
hanging out of their sockets. Jiangshi were said to be
blind, foul-smelling, and entirely covered with long
green or white hair. Their incredibly long eyebrows
could be used to lasso their victims, who would then
be ripped limb from limb and devoured.
VANQUISHING A VAMPIRE
Many folk tales and legends featured the jiangshi
usually, unsuspecting travelers would disturb the
creatures rest and meet a horrible fate. There were
ways to keep the creature at bay, though. Loud
noises, such as thunder, could kill them. Straw and
chicken blood would repel them, garlic burned their
skin, and piles of sticky rice would snare them. They
liked to count, so red peas were a useful distraction.
Many stories featured a mythical gure called Zhong
Kui, who battled the fearsome jiangshi. Cheated out
of rst place in his civil service exams, he was said
to have committed suicide in front of the Imperial
Palace. The emperor honored him with an imperial
burial, and out of gratitude Zhong Kuis spirit promised
to rid the world of ghosts and demons with his
magic sword. His erce image is often painted on
Chinese houses as a talisman of good luck.
Jiangshi
CHINESE HOPPING GHOSTS
Covered in hair, with razor-sharp talons and daggerlike teeth,
these lost souls are often called Chinese vampires. Named jiangshi,
or hopping ghosts, they would attack at night, leaping from their
graves to suck the life force from their hapless victims.
US_44_45_Chinese.indd 44 15/5/09 11:39:31
45
Jiangshi
US_44_45_Chinese.indd 45 15/5/09 11:39:32
45
Jiangshi
US_44_45_Chinese.indd 45 15/5/09 11:39:32
46
Flying
F
ire
The islands of the Caribbean have many myths of creatures that
feed on blood, but the most common is the legend of the vampire
witch. During the day, she lives unnoticed in the community, but
at night, she transforms to wreak terror on her neighbors.
AND CARIBBEAN CRONES
SKINLESS HAG
In Jamaica, she is known as Olhigue, or
old suck. During the day, Olhigue looks
like a frail old woman, but at night this
seemingly harmless spinster sheds her skin
and turns into a ying ball of re on the
lookout for blood, particularly that of newborn
babies. Once she has located her prey, the
hideous creature shifts back into an old
woman, but without her skin, and sucks the
babys blood. If anyone in the community
suspected a woman was such a creature,
the children would cry ole higue at her and
make chalk marks on her door. A trap would
be set beside the cot of potential victims
a simple heap of rice grains and the scent
of a spice called asafoetida. Together these
items could cast a spell on the witch,
compelling her to count each grain of rice. If
dawn broke before she could return to her
skin, the enraged locals would pounce on
her and beat her to death.
PACT WITH THE DEVIL
Grenadas version of the monster is called
the Lagaroo or Loogaroo. The Lagaroo is in
league with the Devil. She can perform magic,
but only if she pays the Devil in blood every
night. She is forced to seek the blood of
others, because if she gave her own she
would die. She looks like a sweet old grandma
in daylight hours, but at night she sheds her
skinusually leaving it under a Devil Tree,
a silk cotton treeto become a ying ball of
ame that haunts the night. After she has
collected enough blood, she can return to her
skin and change back into human form. If
her skin is taken away from the Devil Tree so
that she cannot nd it, she will perish.
SALT HER SKIN
Trinidads vampire witch is called a Soucouyant.
This old woman also sheds her skin at night
and travels as a bright ball of light, searching
out sleeping victims. Two little bite marks left
side by side on the skin are a telltale sign of
a nocturnal visit by a Soucouyant. If you know
the identity of the crone, the solution is
simple. After she leaves her house at night,
her skin must be taken and rubbed with salt
and pepper. The agony this causes leads her
to cease her evil doings. Otherwise, the only
recourse is to beat the ying ame violently
with sticks. The next morning a woman
looking battered and bruised would be
revealed as the Soucouyant.
US_46_47_Caribbean.indd 46 10/06/2009 15:33
47
US_46_47_Caribbean.indd 47 15/5/09 11:39:28
46
Flying
F
ire
The islands of the Caribbean have many myths of creatures that
feed on blood, but the most common is the legend of the vampire
witch. During the day, she lives unnoticed in the community, but
at night, she transforms to wreak terror on her neighbors.
AND CARIBBEAN CRONES
SKINLESS HAG
In Jamaica, she is known as Olhigue, or
old suck. During the day, Olhigue looks
like a frail old woman, but at night this
seemingly harmless spinster sheds her skin
and turns into a ying ball of re on the
lookout for blood, particularly that of newborn
babies. Once she has located her prey, the
hideous creature shifts back into an old
woman, but without her skin, and sucks the
babys blood. If anyone in the community
suspected a woman was such a creature,
the children would cry ole higue at her and
make chalk marks on her door. A trap would
be set beside the cot of potential victims
a simple heap of rice grains and the scent
of a spice called asafoetida. Together these
items could cast a spell on the witch,
compelling her to count each grain of rice. If
dawn broke before she could return to her
skin, the enraged locals would pounce on
her and beat her to death.
PACT WITH THE DEVIL
Grenadas version of the monster is called
the Lagaroo or Loogaroo. The Lagaroo is in
league with the Devil. She can perform magic,
but only if she pays the Devil in blood every
night. She is forced to seek the blood of
others, because if she gave her own she
would die. She looks like a sweet old grandma
in daylight hours, but at night she sheds her
skinusually leaving it under a Devil Tree,
a silk cotton treeto become a ying ball of
ame that haunts the night. After she has
collected enough blood, she can return to her
skin and change back into human form. If
her skin is taken away from the Devil Tree so
that she cannot nd it, she will perish.
SALT HER SKIN
Trinidads vampire witch is called a Soucouyant.
This old woman also sheds her skin at night
and travels as a bright ball of light, searching
out sleeping victims. Two little bite marks left
side by side on the skin are a telltale sign of
a nocturnal visit by a Soucouyant. If you know
the identity of the crone, the solution is
simple. After she leaves her house at night,
her skin must be taken and rubbed with salt
and pepper. The agony this causes leads her
to cease her evil doings. Otherwise, the only
recourse is to beat the ying ame violently
with sticks. The next morning a woman
looking battered and bruised would be
revealed as the Soucouyant.
US_46_47_Caribbean.indd 46 10/06/2009 15:33
47
US_46_47_Caribbean.indd 47 15/5/09 11:39:28
48
Monsters
For the ancient peoples of South and Central
America, blood-drinking creatures held great
power. For some, these strange beings
were the remnants of evil spirits who
were hostile to mankind. For others,
they were important deities,
to be feared and
worshipped.
OF SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
CIHUATETEO
The Aztecs of Mexico believed in a vampire spirit
called Cihuateteo. A woman who had died in
childbirth, she returned after death to plague the
living, especially infants. People would leave her
offerings of blood in the hope that she would
spare their children.
ASEMA
The Asema of Surinam was a kind of living
vampire, an old man or woman who could take
off its skin and become a ball of light at night.
After it found its sleeping victim, it would revert
to human form to feed on his or her blood.
GODS AND
US_48_49_Americas.indd 48 15/5/09 11:42:50
49
JARACACA
The Jaracaca of Brazilian mythology does drink
blood, but it prefers human milk. Taking on the
form of a snake, it slides through the jungle
unobserved and stalks nursing mothers. Its spit
and venom cause insanity, so it is greatly feared.
LOBISHOMEN
Tiny in stature, the Lobishomen of Brazilian
folklore resembled a bald-headed monkey. A kind
of blood-sucking werewolf, it was hunch-backed
with bloodless lips, yellow skin, and black teeth.
Padded feet helped it creep up quietly on the
women it would attack.
CAMAZOTZ
The Maya of Central America worshipped a deity
called Camazotz. He had the body of a man and
the head and wings of a bat and presided over
the cycle of crops. Powerful and malignant, he
was thirsty for blood and lurked in caves.
PISHTACO
Native to Peru, the Pishtaco does
not immediately feed off blood. First
it gorges on fat, and only when sated
does it move on to drink blood. This
creature operated at night and could
take on the form of a vampire bat.
US_48_49_Americas.indd 49 15/5/09 11:42:51
...itishardtobelievethat
hadsocompletea
oldandyoung,inallparts
ofhistory,hasnotsome
terribletruth...
US_50_51_Quote.indd 50 15/5/09 13:08:09
aphenomenonwhichhas
hold over nationsboth
oftheworld, atalltimes
underlyingand
The Vampire: His Kith and Kin, Montague Summers
US_50_51_Quote.indd 51 15/5/09 11:42:46
US_52_53_Rise_of_Vampire.indd 52 15/5/09 11:45:00
The vampire that we are familiar with rst took shape in the folklore of
Eastern Europe. Isolated village communities blamed the spread of
disease and crop failure on the undead, who they believed rose from
their graves to suck the blood of the living. Stories of hysterical
villagers digging up and staking bodies began to spread west, sparking
the imagination of writers and poets. In the ction of the 19th century,
the slobbering ghoul of myth was transformed into the cruel Counta
monster with a more human face, but with an intent just as evil.
Vampire
Rise of the
US_52_53_Rise_of_Vampire.indd 53 15/5/09 11:45:01
54 55 54 55
PAGAN BELIEFS
Folk belief in the vengeful dead had
existed in Europe long before the Christian
Church came to prominence, and it was
often linked to witchcraft and sorcery. In
the Middle Ages, many peasants still held
to these pagan ideas. The Church wanted
to end paganism and witchcraft and
began to absorb elements of these
beliefs, explaining them instead as the
work of Satan.
Good
vs.

E
vil
In Medieval Europe, death and disease were often attributed
to revenantsthe dead who rise from their graves. As the Christian
Church gained in strength, it explained these undead creatures as
the work of the Devil. By incorporating them into Christian teachings
about sin and the afterlife, the Church strengthened beliefs in the
restless dead and emphasized the triumph of good over evil.
REVENANTS AND THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH
US_54_55_Medieval.indd 54 15/5/09 11:44:55
54 55 54 55
WILLIAM OF NEWBURGH
Stories of revenants were committed
to print by many Christian chroniclers.
One of these was William of Newburgh,
a 12th-century English churchman and
historian. In his History of English
Affairs, he included accounts of people
returning from the dead to plague
their neighbors.
SACRED RITES
The Christian faith involves blood
rituals of its own. When Christians
celebrate the Eucharist, or Holy
Communion, they eat bread and drink
wine that represent the body and blood
of Jesus Christ. This commemorates
the Last Supper and is thought to
bestow Gods grace upon believers.
POWER OF THE CROSS
The Church believed it alone had
the power to rid communities of
revenants. Priests were uniquely
placed to ght these minions of
the Devil. The crucix, symbolizing
the Christian faith and the
resurrection of Jesus Christ, and
holy water, blessed by a priest,
were all that were needed to force
out evil.
US_54_55_Medieval.indd 55 15/5/09 11:44:56
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EXPERT OPINION
In 1718, a peace treaty called the Peace
of Passarowitz was agreed between the
warring Ottoman and Hapsburg empires.
Under the treaty, parts of Serbia and
Wallachia were turned over to the
Austrian Hapsburgs. The new occupying
forces began to notice, investigate, and
report on the peculiar local practices of
exhuming bodies and killing them.
When these happenings were reported
in books and newspapers, people in
Western Europe became aware for the
rst time of rituals that had been going
on for hundreds of years.
POOR PETER
One of the rst to be mentioned in an
ofcial report was Peter Plogojowitz
from Serbia. After his death in 1725,
nine people became ill and died, claiming
on their deathbeds that Plogojowitz had
come to them in their sleep and tried to
strangle them. When Plogojowitz was
dug up, Austrian ofcials witnessed the
proceedings. They found his body had
not decomposed, and there was fresh
blood at his mouthsigns they took
as evidence of vampirism. The corpse
was staked and burned, and Peter
became famous across Europe.
ARNOLD PAOLE
Another well-documented case was that
of Arnold Paole from Belgrade, Serbia.
In 1727, Paole died soon after telling his
ance that he had encountered an
undead being. When four villagers died in
quick succession, Paole was blamed.
Villagers exhumed his body and drove a
stake through his heart. The Austrian
authorities sent army doctor Johann
Flckinger to investigate. He wrote a
famous report of the vampire incidents
known as Visum et Repertum (Seen and
Discovered), which was read with keen
interest all over Western Europe.
VAMPIRE MANIA
The reports on Paole and Plogojowitz
caused a sensation. Books were written
about the subject, the most famous by
French monk Dom Augustin Calmet. But
not everyone believed in the claims
French philosopher Voltaire dismissed
them as nonsense. The controversy only
ceased when Empress Maria Theresa of
Austria sent her personal physician to
investigate. He concluded that vampires
did not exist, and the Empress passed
laws banning the opening of graves and
desecration of bodies. Things calmed
down, but the legend refused to die.
Vampire legends were everywhere in Eastern Europe,
but the outside world only began to take an interest when
the stories were ofcially investigated and reported in
newspapers. The gruesome tales soon spread, and
Europe went vampire crazy.
VAMPIRE
HITS EUROPE
Hysteria
US_58_59_FirstVampire.indd 58 17/06/2009 12:23
59
58_59_FirstVampire.indd 59 14/5/09 16:45:23
60
US_60_61_MercyBrown.indd 60 15/5/09 11:44:41
61
M
ercy Lena Brown was born in 1873 in
Rhode Island, the daughter of farmer
George T. Brown and his wife Mary. She had
one brother and four sisters, and the family
lived outside of the small town of Exeter. When
Mercy was just 10 years old her mother Mary
died following a short illness. Two years later,
her oldest sister, Mary Olive, began complaining
of terrifying dreams and a crushing weight on
her chest. She too soon perished.
A
nother ve years passed, and Mercys brother
Edwin became the next family member to
become ill. He complained of suocation at
night and became a pale wreck. Sent away to
recover, his health immediately improved. But
when he returned home, he found the family in
mourning once again: Mercy had died.
S
he was laid to rest in Chestnut Hill cemetery.
But she was not fated to rest in peace. Locals
started whispering: they said they felt weak and
had dreamed of Mercy. Edwin began to get sick
again. He felt the weight on his chest and
started coughing up blood.
O
ld European folk tales, brought to America
by those who had emigrated there, and
passed down from generation to generation,
told of the restless dead
people whose spirits
would rise up to torment the living. T
ey would
feed o surviving family members, sapping
their life force until eventually the victims
wasted away altogether. Similar outbreaks in
the state had also been ascribed to the work of
vampires. To the townspeople, the solution
seemed clear: Mercy had to be exhumed.
R
eluctantly, George Brown agreed that the
bodies of his family should be dug up, to
identify which one was causing the aiction.
On March 19, 1892, a crowd gathered in the
churchyard to witness the gruesome task, which
was led by a local doctor. All that remained of
Mercys mother and sister were dry bones, but
Mercy, who had died only two months earlier,
looked shockingly lifelike. Her heart was
removed and found to be full of blood.
T
his was all the proof the townspeople
needed that Mercy was indeed a vampire.
Her heart was burned at a nearby rock, and the
ashes were mixed with water and given to
Edwin to drink. It was to no avail
he died just
a few days later
but his was the last suspicious
death. T
e family curse had been lifted.
S
to
p
P
res
s
!
A

local newspaper, T
e Providence
Journal, printed a lurid account
of the gathering at Mercys grave.
T
e story was picked up by the
press in other parts of the U.S., and
though many of the reports were
mocking of the Rhode Islanders
superstitions, the coverage helped
Mercys tale go down in local lore.
Today her legend lives on, with her
grave attracting ghost-hunters and
fright-fans to this day.
I
n the years after M
ercys death, a m
ore m
undane explanation
of events cam
e to light. T
e deaths in the Brown fam
ily were
caused by tuberculosis
a disease both deadly and highly
contagious. Suerers coughed up blood, felt a weight on the
chest, and becam
e pale, thin, and tired
as if they were sim
ply
wasting away. M
ercy died in the m
iddle of a N
ew England
winter, when the ground was frozen and a grave couldnt be dug.
H
er body was kept in an outhouse on the outskirts of the
cem
etery (pictured above). In the icy conditions, it is not
surprising that her body was well preserved two m
onths later.
D
e
a
d
l
y
D
i
s
e
a
s
e
RHODE ISLAND, MARCH 1892
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Vaxvinr xaxia nirs Nrw Exoiaxn
US_60_61_MercyBrown.indd 61 15/5/09 11:44:42
62
GOOD
LADY
DUCAYNE
M E BRADDON
(1896)
CARMILLA
SHERIDAN LE FANU
(1872)
VARNEY
THE VAMPIRE
OR, THE FEAST OF BLOOD
JAMES MALCOLM RYMER
(1840)
THE BRIDE
OF THE
ISLES
J R PLANCH
(1820)
THE
VAMPYRE;
A TALE
JOHN POLIDORI
(1819)
US_62_63_Early_Lit.indd 62 15/5/09 15:18:51
63
Gothic Horror
THE FIRST VAMPIRE LITERATURE
The vampire stories that emerged from Eastern Europe in
the 18th century fed the rumor mills in Paris and London. But it
wasnt until the early 19th century that vampires rst
appeared in ction, satisfying the publics appetite for Gothic
horror. No longer bloated corpses, these vampires were
aristocratic, pale, and romantic.
A VAMPYRIC TALE
The rst vampire novel was dreamed up in 1816 during a
ghost-writing session near Lake Geneva, Switzerland, between
writer Mary Shelley and Romantic poet Lord Byron. Shelley
came up with Frankenstein, which became another classic of
the horror genre, while Byron began a tale of an aristocrat who
dies in Turkey and promises to return from the dead. Byron
never nished the work, but his physician, Dr. John Polidori,
did. Published in 1819, The Vampyre featured Lord Ruthven, a
nobleman with a thirst for blood and more than a trace of
Byrons own dashing but dangerous persona.
RUTHVEN TREADS THE BOARDS
Polidoris tale was adapted for the stage in 1820 by
J. R. Planch as The Vampire, or The Bride of the Isles. Among
the many embellishments of the story, the setting was
transferred to Scotland and Lord Ruthven appeared on stage
in a kilt and tam-o-shanter. A specially built trapdoor, still
known in the theater as a vampire trap, allowed the vampire
to rise up from his tomb through the stage oor, terrifying an
audience unused to such technical tricks.
THE NEVER-ENDING STORY
The next landmark vampire story was a serialized publication
that ran to 868 pages, divided into 220 chapters. Issued in lurid
colors, it told of the distinctly repetitive adventures of Sir Francis
Varney. In each chapter, Varney tries to seduce an innocent girl,
before the locals realize he is a vampire and go after him.
Eventually, Varney commits suicide by jumping into a volcano.
The rst literary vampire to have fangs, Varney was
also the rst to shape-shift into a wolf, have hypnotic powers
and superhuman strength, and be virtually indestructible.
FEMME FATALE
In 1872, Irish writer Sheridan Le Fanu offered a new take on the
genre by making his lead character female. Carmilla appears to
be young but is actually a 200-year-old aristocrat. She befriends
a young girl named Laura, who slowly wastes away. Family and
friends nally put two and two together, and after locating
Carmillas tomb, they strike her head from her body and stake
her through the heart. Possessed of amazing strength, Carmilla
can shape-shift, stalking her prey in the form of a black cat. In
a twist that soon became familiar in vampire ction, Le Fanus
lead character was at once horrifying and intensely desirable.
GOOD LADY, BAD BLOODLETTING
Mary Elizabeth Braddons short story Good Lady Ducayne,
published in 1896, brought the vampire tale right up to date.
Young Bella Rolleston, who needs a job but has no qualications,
is hired as a companion to the amiable Lady Ducayne. Her
employers previous companions have mysteriously wasted
away and died, while the ancient lady seems to thrive. On a
visit to Italy, Bella, too, begins to weaken. Fortunately, her friend
Stafford realizes that Lady Ducayne has been siphoning off the
young girls blood to keep her alive, using the new medical
process of transfusion to transfer their blood into her own
veins in an attempt to become young and beautiful again.
US_62_63_Early_Lit.indd 63 15/5/09 11:44:37
64
B
ram Stoker was born in Ireland in 1847.
He was a sickly child, and his imagination
was red up by the gruesome folk tales
his mother would tell at his bedside to
amuse him. As an adult, he moved to London
and became the business manager of the famous
Lyceum Theatre. To the outside world, he was a
jovial man, but inside he was preoccupied with
disturbing thoughts. It is said that a
nightmare of being attacked by
three vampiric women gave him
the idea for a novel...
Stoker had already written a
few horror stories, but this
was to be very diferent.
He spent years reading
everything he could on
vampiresfrom folk myths to
novels such as The Vampyre and Carmilla. He
traveled to the English seaside town of Whitby,
where he talked to local shermen about
shipwrecks. In Whitbys library, he found a book
on the old Romanian state of Wallachia, which
mentioned the Carpathian Mountains and the
bloody history of Vlad the Impaler. All the while
he was surrounded by theatricality, working at
the Lyceum with the famous Victorian actor, Sir
Henry Irving, whose physical characteristics and
mannerisms inspired Stokers central character.
Dracula was nally published in June 1897. Told
through a series of letters and diary entries, the
story revolved around Count Dracula, a
beautifully dressed aristocrat who lives in a
gloomy castle. He is a creature from the past,
more than 400 years old, who claims to be a
descendent of Attila the Hun. Drawing on
Eastern European myths, Stoker made his
blood-drinking villain repelled by garlic and
religious artifacts, able to shape-shift, only
capable of entering a house when invited, and
vulnerable to a stake through the heart. From
his own imagination, Stoker endowed his
creation with enormous strength and the ability
to crawl up walls.
When the book was rst released, it received a
mixed response. Some reviewers found it
distasteful, and Stoker made little money from
it in his lifetime. But with its transition to
the stage, and subsequently lm, the
book became a huge success. By
the 1940s, it had sold more than a
million copies, and since then it
has never been out of print. By
making the myth more
believable to a modern
audience, Bram Stoker
catapulted the vampire to a
whole new level of fame.
BRAM STOKER
AND THE MOST
INFLUENTIAL HORROR STORY EVER WRITTEN
Londons Lyceum Theatre
Bram as
a boy
US_64_65_BramStoker.indd 64 15/5/09 11:44:30
65
Bram Stokers novel opens with the journey of
young lawyer Jonathan Harker, who has been sent
to visit the mysterious Count Dracula
at his castle in remote Transylvania.
While helping him nalize the
purchase of a house in England,
Jonathan is at rst charmed by the
Count. However, he soon nds that he
is imprisoned in the creepy castle and
that his host is, in fact, a vampire.
With the young lawyer incarcerated,
Dracula sets of for England on
board a ship called the Demeter. On
the journey, all the crew perish in unexplained
circumstances and the ship runs aground on the
English coast at Whitby, Yorkshire, where
Jonathans ance Mina Murray and her friend
Lucy Westenra happen to be staying. Lucy falls
prey to the vampire and, on her return to
London, begins to waste away. Her anc,
Arthur Holmwood, and two former suitors,
Dr Seward and Quincey
Morris, are determined to
save her and call
on the assistance
of Professor Van
Helsing. When Lucy
dies, Van Helsing realizes
that she has become a vampire and
helps the men put an end to her.
In Dr Sewards asylum, located
near Carfax Abbey, Draculas new
home, the inmate Reneld begins to
act in increasingly strange ways.
Van Helsing, Mina, Jonathan (who has escaped
from Transylvania), Arthur, Quincey, and Seward
come together to hunt for the vampire. But the
malevolent Count has made Mina his next victim.
The men pursue Dracula back to Transylvania,
where in a nal battle they stab him through the
heart and decapitate him killing him once and
for all and freeing Mina from his clutches.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Count Dracula: A nobleman and powerful vampire.
Jonathan Harker: A young lawyer from London, he is
sent to Transylvania to advise Dracula on a property deal.
Mina Murray: Jonathans ance, later his wife.
Lucy Westenra: Minas best friend. She falls under
Draculas spell and becomes one of the undead.
professor Abraham Van Helsing: A Dutch scientist
and vampire expert, he leads the ght against Dracula.
Dr. John Seward: The doctor who runs the asylum that
becomes the headquarters for the vampire-ghting team.
Arthur Holmwood: Becomes Lucys anc and nances
the vampire hunt.
Quincey P. Morris: A rich young American. He is in love
with Lucy and is committed to the ght against Dracula.
R. M. Renfield: An inmate in Dr. Sewards insane asylum.
He hails Dracula as his Master.
List of key characters
Carfax Abbey, where Dracula sets up home
DRACULA: THE STORY IN BRIEF
The evil
Count
US_64_65_BramStoker.indd 65 15/5/09 11:44:31
US_66_67_Quote.indd 66 15/5/09 11:44:25
Icouldfeelthehotbreath
onmyneck.Thenthe skinofmy
throatbegantotingle...
Icouldfeelthesoft,shivering
touch ofthelipsonthesuper
sensitiveskinofmy throat,and
theharddents oftwo
sharpteeth
Dracula, Bram Stoker
US_66_67_Quote.indd 67 15/5/09 11:44:26
68
Impaler
Ruler of the mountainous principality of Wallachia, a
region of modern-day Romania, Vlad Dracula was a
bloody tyrant who struck fear into the hearts of his
own people. Bram Stoker used his name for his famous
ctional villain, though many believe the novel owes
Vlads violent legend even more.
VLAD THE BAD
Born in 1431, Vlad Dracula had a turbulent upbringing,
spending much of his boyhood as a hostage of the
Ottoman Empire. He came to the throne in 1448, but
his reign was interrupted twice before his death in
1476. He is regarded as one of the cruelest rulers in
history, coming to be known as Vlad Tepes (pronounced
tse-pesh), which means the impaler.
THE REAL DRACULA
VLAD THE
US_68_69_VladTepes.indd 68 15/5/09 11:44:21
69
Impaler
MURDEROUS PRINCE
During his reign, Vlad massacred anyone who got in
his way, including women, children, and the sick. As
his nickname suggests, his favorite method of dealing
with his enemies was to impale them on blunt wooden
stakes. It is said that he killed thousands in this way.
TWO SIDES TO THE TALE
Despite these bloody tales, Vlad is remembered as a
national hero in Romania. He defended his territory
against the onslaught of foreign powers and, while
bloodthirsty, was said to have been a just ruler. During
his reign Wallachia, was almost crime-free as his
subjects knew they would pay a terrible price for any
misdemeanors. According to one legend, Vlad left a
golden cup by a fountain in a public square. Many
used it, but it was never stolen.
US_68_69_VladTepes.indd 69 15/5/09 11:44:22
70
Bathory
THE BLOOD COUNTESS
ELIZABETH
In the 1600s, tales emerged of a
murderous Hungarian aristocrat.
For years, Countess Elizabeth
Bathory maintained the
appearance of normality,
while inside her castle
she was torturing and
murdering many
innocent girls.
NOBLE BIRTH
Elizabeth Bathory came from
one of the richest and most
powerful families in the
Kingdom of Hungary. She was
descended from Transylvanian
aristocrats and at the age of
15 married Count Ferenc
Ndasdy, a Hungarian military
leader. The couple lived in
Csejthe Castle in northwest
Hungary (in present-day Slovakia).
With her husband often away,
Elizabeth was left to manage the
business affairs of the estate.
BLOOD BATH
Legend has it that Elizabeth was a vain
woman and used all kinds of oils to
preserve her skin. One day, the story goes,
she hit a servant girl and drew blood, which
then dripped onto her skin. As she wiped it
away, she thought the skin looked fresher and
younger. So it was that the Countess developed
her obsession with blood and concocted a vile
scheme to obtain it in huge quantities.
US_70_71_Elizabeth_Bathory.indd 70 15/5/09 11:44:16
71
ACCOMPLICES
With the help of a small group of servantssome
of whom were said to have links with witchcraft and
sorcerythe Countess lured peasant girls from the
surrounding countryside to the castle with the promise of
work. Once inside, the girls were subjected to inhuman torture
before being brutally murdered. When the supply of local girls
began to run out, Elizabeth offered to teach social graces to
young women from noble families. The disappearance
of poor servant girls had passed largely unnoticed,
but when ladies began to go missing, word of
the suspicious happenings spread, eventually
reaching King Mathias of Hungary.
GRUESOME DISCOVERY
A raid on the castle in late December
1610 uncovered an underground torture
chamber, its walls spattered with
blood, with bones and other human
remains on the ground, along with
the clothing and belongings of
missing girls. Elizabeth was
accused of killing 80 girls, though
there was speculation that she
was responsible for many more
deaths. As a noblewoman, she
was never tried for her crimes,
though her accomplices were
executed. Instead, she was
walled up in her bedroom in
Csejthe Castle, where she was
found dead four years later.
LEGEND
Elizabeth Bathorys crimes are
shocking enough, but over the
years they have been embellished
and turned into gruesome legend.
In many retellings, the number of
victims slaughtered reaches more
than 600, and the Countesss sadism
is explained as a lust for blood, which
she bathes in and even drinks. That this
horror story involves a Transylvanian
aristocrat has led many people to speculate
that Bram Stoker may have read about
Elizabeth Bathory and used her story as
inspiration for his novel. Though there is no proof
of this, there is always a possibility that the character
of Dracula was in fact based on a woman.
US_70_71_Elizabeth_Bathory.indd 71 15/5/09 11:44:17
US_72_73_Modern_Myth.indd 72 15/5/09 11:47:05
Dracula dragged vampires into a new era. They were still deadly, but rather
than repulsive they became suave and sophisticated. Since then, vampires
have continued to evolve. They are younger, more attractive, and more
morally complex. They have gained new powers and can defy many of the old
charms and tricks that once kept them at bay. In the ction of the 21st
century, some vampires are battling their very nature to resist their craving
for human blood in order to live side by side with humans.
Modern
Myth
The
US_72_73_Modern_Myth.indd 73 15/5/09 11:47:06
74
Some of the very rst horror movies ever made were about
vampires, and many featured Dracula, or a character
based on the famous Count. Since the days of black-and-
white movies, screen vampires have changed many times
to suit the audience of the day.
Horror
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DRACULA (1931)
This was the rst vampire talkie.
Directed by Tod Browning, it starred
Bela Lugosi as the Count, whose
Hungarian accent, cape, and slicked-
back hair became Dracula clichs.
Lugosis Dracula was elegant and
debonair and didnt have fangs.
A CENTURY OF SCREEN
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75
HOUSE OF
DRACULA (1945) In this American movie, Dracula lives
with Frankensteins monster and the
Wolfman. Played by John Carradine,
Dracula is seeking a cure for his
afiction. In a scientic twist, his
vampirism is attributed to strange
parasites inhabiting his bloodstream.
DRACULAS
DAUGHTER (1936)
The rst actual sequel to a Dracula
movie picks up the story a few
moments after Dracula ends. Directed
by Lambert Hillyer, it features the
Counts daughter, who has inherited
her fathers love of blood.
VAMPYR (1932)
Based loosely on Sheridan Le Fanus
short story Carmilla, Vampyr is a
French-German art movie telling the
story of an old woman revealed to be a
vampire in league with the village doctor.
She meets her end by being staked with
an iron pole.
HORROR OF
DRACULA (1958)
Starring Christopher Lee, the rst
color version of Stokers novel took
Dracula from castle to bachelor pad
and reached a new generation of
fans. Lee wore special lenses that
turned his eyes red.
BRAM STROKERS
DRACULA (1992)
In a twist on the original book, Mina
falls in love with Dracula, freeing him
from his curse so that he can die in
peace. Gary Oldmans Dracula appears
in turn handsome and young and then
wizened with age, transforming into a
hideous green monster when angry.
DRACULA (1979)
Subtitled A love story, this adaptation
altered much of the plot of the novel
to play up the romance. Lucy and
Count Dracula have an ill-fated love
affair. To make him more believable,
Frank Langellas Count had no fangs or
colored contact lenses.
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Dark Angels
Vampires today are almost unrecognizable as the same
creatures that featured in so many old Dracula movies.
In the 21st century, vampires are no longer the
personication of evilthey have evolved into complex
beings with hearts, minds, and consciences.
VAMPIRES COME OF AGE
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78
C
hild

V
ampires
The idea that a childs innocence could be corrupted by vampirism
was once inconceivable. Now, young vampires are everywhere.
But while some are vicious, others are making friends, tackling
bullies, and trying to behave themselves.
LONELINESS
For a child vampire, the innocence of childhood
is cut short pretty quickly. As well as being
forced by their nature to feed on blood, they
have to deal with the realization that while
their minds will grow up, their bodies never
will. In the movie Let the Right One Inbased
on the novel by John Ajvide LindqvistEli
(pictured opposite) is a centuries-old vampire
child who lives in a suburb of Stockholm,
Sweden. Although Eli has come to terms with
being a vampire, she lives an isolated and sad
existence. Befriending bullied Oskar, a child
who shares her loneliness, she emboldens
him to stand up to his tormentors.
TRAPPED
One of the rstand most chillingchild
vampires was Claudia in Anne Rices Vampire
Chronicles. Claudia has the appearance of a
young girl. She makes the most of her
childlike appearance and pretends to be
frightened and lost. When humans try and
help her, she kills them. Claudia has a childs
lack of control over her hungershe kills
when she feels like it. Yet, in fact, she is a
woman trapped inside a childs body. Her
mind matures, but her body does not.
Claudia realizes that she will never change,
or grow up, yet desperately wants to. For
Claudia, this leads to great unhappiness.
TEENAGE ANGST
Not all child vampires are trapped in this
way or behave like brats who cant control
their hunger. Many young vampires represent
the very oppositeabsolute freedom. They
have broken free of controlling parents and
can take care of themselves. These teenage
vampires obey no rules but their own, and
parents and other authority gures are
rarely present. These vampires grow and
change, while struggling with relationships
and their own identity. From Angel, the
young vampire in Buffy the Vampire Slayer,
to Edward Cullen in Twilight, they are trying
to do the right thingcontrolling themselves
lest they endanger others.
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C
hild

V
ampires
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80
Although these days vampires may have a conscience, those who
choose the dark path pose a huge menace. The vampire hunteror
slayeris our protector in the struggle of good over evil. As
vampires have evolved, so too have those who stalk and stake them.
Hunters
VAMPIRE
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81
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Falling in
L
ove
Vampires in literature have long been gures of fantasyinspiring
a mixture of horror, awe, and fascination. Todays vampire hero is
increasingly sympatheticless of a murderous villain and more
an object of afection, possessing all the powers and instincts of a
predator, but with an unmistakably human heart.
TWILIGHT
The vampires in Stephenie Meyers Twilight
series have captured the hearts of many readers.
The central family of vampiresthe Cullens
have chosen to drink only animal blood and live
in human society. The Cullens appeal is based
on their aloof manner and the air of mystery
surrounding them, their artistic accomplishments,
andnot leasttheir astonishing physical
beauty. This series of four novels is based on
the life of Bella Swan, a teenager who moves to
Forks, Washington, and falls in love with the
gorgeous Edward Cullen, who happens to be a
vampire. He tries to resist his feelings toward
Bella, constantly waging war against his baser
instincts. While he loves her and doesnt want to
harm her, Edward is also deeply attracted to the
scent of Bellas blood. He is a 17-year-old who
has been alive since 1901 and behaves like
an old fashioned gentleman. He opens car
doors, pulls out chairs, and defends a girls
honor in front of classroom bullies. What girl
could resist?
FORBIDDEN LOVE
Characters like Edward Cullen have transformed
the vampire from satanic monster into modern-
day hero. This transformation began when a
very different take on the vampire appeared.
Lestat in Interview with a Vampire is one of the
boldest and most attractive vampires in ction.
In Anne Rices novels, he is described as tall,
with blond hair and gray eyes that absorb the
colors blue or violet from surfaces around them.
Lestat is known for being rash, rebellious, and
seductive. Characters like Lestat are dangerous,
but their menace only adds to their appeal,
perhaps because we humans are naturally
attracted to things that are forbidden.
INHUMAN HEARTTHROBS
With vampires like these, its easy to see why
humans fall in love with them. They arent
demons hissing at crucixes, seducing girls and
turning them from righteousness to evil. These
vampires have a sense of right and wrong
whats more, they can defy death, obliterate
their enemies, and stay up all night, all whilst
looking impossibly handsome. Their centuries-
old eyes gaze out from youthful bodies,
fascinating us with their strangeness. They have
an air of mystery and power and are capable
of deep emotions. Vampires can be especially
appealing to those who feel different,
resonating in particular with adolescents, who
often feel alienated, misunderstood, and alone.
Vampires show very human characteristics
such as neediness, vulnerability, and pridebut
have superhuman capabilities. Today, there are
many who are happy to accept the vampires
heart as something more than a receptacle for
a wooden stake.
WITH THE UNDEAD
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Imtheworldsmost
dangerouspredator.
Everythingaboutmeinvites
youinmy voice,my face,
evenmysmell.AsifIwould
needanyof that!
Twilight, Stephenie Meyer
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86

ampires are
forever.
They change and adapt
with each new generation,
mirroring the times. Early tales
of revenants, for example,
were often connected to religion
and spiritual beliefs. They reected
peoples concerns about death and the
afterlife. Then, with the many advances
in science during the 20th century, came scientic
explanations for the vampires conditionit was
caused by parasites in the blood or was the result
of some genetic mutation. Deceptively similar to humans,
vampires remain a race apart. In some tales, vampires inhabit
their own mythic world, which makes little reference to human
history. In others, the vampire becomes an entirely separate species,
one that has evolved alongside our own. But it is this dierence
that gives vampires their unique appeal and staying power, since it lets us
delve into the possibilities, with a thrill or two along the way. Vampire
stories help us explore our fears surrounding death, love, compulsion, and
the need to belong. They help us deal with concerns and indulge our fantasies.
As long as we have fears and ideas, the vampire will continue to adapt. The vampires
evolution is far from over. . .
V
US_86_67_race_apart.indd 86 15/5/09 15:25:42
V
a
m
p
i
r
e
s
are
f
o
r
e
v
e
r
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88
Fiction
Charnas, Suzy McKee
The Vampire Tapestry, Orb Books,
2008
Vampire Edward Weyland nds himself
too involved with the demands of
modern society and is forced to
hibernate to recover his wild mentality.
Curtis Klause, Annette
The Silver Kiss, Delacorte Press
Books for Young Readers, 2007
Zoe is 16 and facing bereavement: her
mother is dying of cancer, and her father
seems to be excluding her from her
mothers hospital bedside. Isolated by
fear, Zoe meets the enigmatic Simon, a
vampire who has an uncanny ability to
recognize her feelings.
Elrod, P. N.
The Vampire Files, Ace Trade, 2003
Investigative journalist Jack Fleming is
murdered. He awakens to nd himself
a vampire and sets about tracking down
his killer.
Hahn, Mary Downing
Look for Me by Moonlight, Graphia,
2008
Cynda, staying with her father and his
new wife in their supposedly haunted
Maine inn, falls in love with a mysterious
and handsome guest. But things get
difcult when she discovers Victor is
a vampire and the murderer of the girl
who haunts the inn.
King, Stephen
Salems Lot, Pocket, 2000
Salems Lot is short for Jerusalems Lot,
a small town in Maine, New England,
where a vampire named Kurt Barlow
opens a shop and sucks the blood of the
locals, turning them into vampires.
Lindqvist, John Ajvide
Let the Right One In, St Martins
Grifn, 2008 (U.S.)
A new girl called Eli has moved in next
door to Oskar. There is something odd
about her, and she only comes out at
night Made into an award-winning
Swedish lm, directed by Tomas
Alfredson.
Martin, George R. R.
Fevre Dream, Bantam, 2004
A good-hearted vampire from Louisiana
called Joshua tries to persuade his fellow
vampires to change their ways.
Matheson, Richard
I Am Legend, Tor Books, 2007
In this disaster novel, a disease has
caused everyone on Earth to become
a vampireexcept the protagonist,
Robert Neville.
Mead, Richelle
Vampire Academy, Razorbill, 2007
St. Vladimirs Academy is a boarding
school where vampires are educated in
the ways of magic, and half-human teens
train to protect them. Rose Hathaway is a
dhampir, a bodyguard for her best friend
Lissa, a Moroi Vampire Princess.
Pike, Christopher
The Last Vampire, Simon Pulse, 1994
In this six-part series, Alisa Perne is the
last vampire. Beautiful and brilliant, she
hunts alone, living among humans,
sucking their blood. But someone is
stalking her and wants her dead.
Rees, Celia
Blood Sinister, Scholastic Books, 2007
Sixteen-year-old Ellen is dying, and
no one knows why. Sent to visit her
grandmother, she learns some startling
truths when she discovers the diary of
her great-grandmother and reads the
story of her life, which appears strangely
linked to her own.
Rice, Anne
The Vampire Chronicles, Ballantine
Books, 1976
The most inuential vampire novels since
Bram Stokers Dracula, in this series the
vampire state is described as both
a curse and a blessing. Starting with
Interview with the Vampire (1976),
the 10-book series ends with
Blood Canticle (2003).
Saberhagen, Fred
The Dracula Tape, Baen, 1999
In this response to Bram Stokers classic,
Count Dracula is a good guy who
recounts his version of events.
Schreiber, Ellen
Vampire Kisses, HarperTeen, 2005
Sixteen-year-old Raven, an outcast
who always wears black and hopes to
become a vampire some day, falls in
love with the mysterious new boy in
town. She is desperate to nd out if he
can make her dreams come true.
Shan, Darren
Cirque du Freak, Little, Brown Young
Reader, 2004
A 12-book saga featuring Darren, a young
boy who becomes a half-vampire and is
apprenticed to an older vampire.
Somtow, S. P.
Vampire Junction, Diplodocus Press,
2005
A young vampire, Timmy Valentine,
survives the destruction of his town by
Mount Vesuvius to become a modern
rock star.
Vande Velde, Vivian
Companions of the Night, Sandpiper,
2002
After a late night visit to a laundromat,
Kerry helps a young boy accused of
being a vampire escape from a group of
vigilantes; the trouble is, he really does
turn out to be one of the undead.
More to explore
US_88_89_Bibliography.indd 88 15/5/09 11:46:31
89
Graphic novels, manga,
and anime
Dracula: A Symphony in Moonlight &
Nightmares by Jon J. Muth (Marvel
Comics, 1986)
Retelling of Dracula as a graphic novel.
Hellsing by Kohta Hirano (Dark Horse,
2003)
In this series, the Hellsing Organization
defends the world from the onslaught of
the powers of darkness.
Chibi Vampire by Tohru Kai, Yuna
Kagesaki (TokyoPop, 20032008)
Karin Maaka is the middle child of a family
of vampires. Karin is very different from
the rest of her family. When she bites her
victim, she passes on some of her own
blood, leaving both feeling refreshed and
energetic. First manga, then novels, and
nally anime on Japanese television.
Vampire Hunter D, by Hideyuki
Kikuchi, illustrated by Yoshitaka
Amano (Dark Horse, 1983 )
This series of Japanese novels feature
D, a dhampir, the half-breed child of a
vampire father and human mother. The
novels led to popular anime and manga.
Blade, by Marv Wolfman, illustrated
by Gene Colan (Marvel Comics)
Blade is a vampire hunter, a dhampir. His
rst appearance was in The Tomb of
Dracula #10 (July 1973) as a supporting
character. Blade went on to star in
several comic-book series as well as a
television show and lm series.
Film
Le Manoir du Diable (1896, Georges
Mlis)
Two-minute black-and-white lm that is
considered the rst-ever horror movie. It
features a bat that transforms itself into
a demon, and is killed by a crucix.
Blood of Dracula (1957, Herbert L.
Strock)
A student at a school for girls changes
into a bloodsucking creature when she
falls under a magic spell.
Plan 9 From Outer Space (1959,
Edward D. Wood)
A silly but fun story about a pair of
aliens trying to take over the Earth, with
the help of some vampires and corpses.
Love at First Bite (1979, Stan Dragoti)
A vampire spoof. Dracula visits New York
City and deals with city life while he
attempts to nd his bride.
Fright Night (1985, Tom Holland)
A teenage horror movie fan becomes
convinced that a vampire has moved in
next door.
Once Bitten (1985, Howard Storm)
Comic actor Jim Carrey stars as an
innocent young man pursued by a
seductive female vamp.
The Lost Boys (1987, Joel
Schumacher)
After moving to a new town, two
brothers are convinced that the area is
frequented by vampires. Featuring young
vampires and young vampire slayers.
Near Dark (1987, Kathryn Bigelow)
A young man joins a traveling family
of evil vampires, when he nds out the
girl hed tried to hook up with is part of
their group.
Vampires Kiss (1989, Robert Bierman)
Nicolas Cage plays a New Yorker who
thinks hes a vampire. Dark comedy.
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992, Fran
Rubel Kuzui)
The original movie that spawned the
long-running TV series and spin-offs.
Dracula: Dead and Loving it (1995, Mel
Brooks)
A spoof of Dracula, starring Leslie
Nielsen.
Vampire in Brooklyn (1995, Wes
Craven)
Eddie Murphy stars as a vampire from
the Caribbean who goes in search of
a bride.
Cirque du Freak (2010, Paul Weitz)
A young boy named Darren Shan meets
a mysterious man at a freak show who
turns out to be a vampire. After a series
of events, Darren must leave his normal
life and go on the road with the Cirque
Du Freak and become a vampire.
Twilight (2008, Catherine Hardwicke)
The lm adaptation of the rst book in
Stephenie Meyers hugely successful
series. Starring Robert Pattinson and
Kristen Stewart.
TV
The Night Stalker (John Llewellyn
Moxey, Dan Curtis / ABC-TV, U.S.A.,
1972)
TV lm that was huge in its day. The
hero, Carl Kolchak, claims that a vampire
is on the loose in Las Vegas. Nobody
believes him, so he goes after the
vampire himself.
Dark Shadows (Dan Curtis / ABC-TV,
U.S.A., 30-min episodes, 19661971)
Marathon TV series that ran for 1,225
episodes in the United States, between
1966 and 1971. It features a strange family
that included a 175-year-old vampire
called Barnabas Collins.
Forever Knight (Nick Knight 1989,
CBS, 19921995)
The modern-day adventures of an
800-year-old vampire. Nick Knight is a
cop who works in Toronto. He tries to
make up for his bad bloodsucking ways
by ghting crime.
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (Joss
Whedon, 19972003)
A revamp of the movie, with a more
serious side. This long-running series
starred Sarah Michelle Geller as the
central butt-kicking character.
US_88_89_Bibliography.indd 89 10/06/2009 15:33
90
Adam
In the Christian Bible, the rst man
created by God.
apotrope (adj., apotropaic)
Objects, such as amulets and talismans,
that are displayed to ward off evil.
aristocrat
Someone born into the aristocracy (the
ruling class).
art lm
An independent movie intended to be
considered for its artistic worth, rather
than for its commercial value.
asafoetida
A dried gum that comes from the giant
fennel plant. It has a very pungent garlic
smell when raw.
Attila the Hun
The emperor of the Huns (a people
based in modern-day Hungary) from
434 to 453 CE. Attila was a erce
warrior, with a reputation for cruelty.
Aztecs
A people from central Mexico of the 14th,
15th, and 16th centuries, who practiced
human sacrice.
Banshee
A fairy of Irish mythology who wails to
foretell the deaths of great men.
Black Death
Outbreak of bubonic plague that killed
millions around the world in the mid-14th
century. Bubonic plague is a deadly
disease caused by the bacteria Yersinia
pestis that results in black swellings in
the armpits and groin and is passed
to humans by the eas that live on
infected rats.
caul
A thin, lmy membrane that sometimes
covers a baby when it is born.
corpse
A dead body.
crucix
An ancient symbol of Jesus on the cross.
It shows the death of Jesus by crucixion
and is said to scare off vampires.
dark gift
A term used in Anne Rices Vampire
Chronicles to describe the condition of
being a vampire.
deity
A god or goddess.
demon
An evil spirit or monster.
fairy
A mythical creature often taking human
form, described as having magic powers.
fangs
Long pointed canine teeth, used for biting
and tearing. In vampires, the fangs are
the upper canines, used for piercing the
skin of victims to allow their blood to be
sucked out.
folklore
The collection of popular tales and
beliefs, often passed on through word of
mouth, that reect the history or culture
of a group of people.
Garden of Eden
In the Bible, the place where the rst man
and woman, Adam and Eve, lived.
garlic
A bulblike plant related to the onion.
Gothic
An elaborate architectural style that
ourished during the Middle Ages, used
in many castles of that period. The style
was revived in the late 18th century and
gave its name to a genre of English
ction that featured tales of mystery or
horror in a dark and macabre setting.
Hapsburg Empire
The empire of the powerful Hapsburg
dynasty, a ruling house of Europe. First
established in the 13th century, at its peak
it controlled the modern-day countries
of Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, and parts
of many others.
Hebrew
The Jewish Holy Language, dating from
around the 6th century BCE.
hypnotic
Relating to hypnosiswhen someones
words or actions make you fall into a
trance so that you follow their
suggestions and commands.
immigrant
Someone who is new to a country or area
and chooses to settle there permanently.
immortal
Living in a spiritual or physical form for
all time.
Kingdom of Hungary
A state in central Europe that was
established around 1000 and included
Hungary as well as part of modern-day
Romania, Ukraine, and Croatia.
legend
A story from the past, sometimes one
popularly supposed to have a historical
basis but which is not veriable.
Maya
A civilization of Mexico and Central
America that existed until conquered by
the Spanish in the early 16th century.
Mesopotamia
This region of southwest Asia between
the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is now in
modern Iraq and Syria. Considered the
cradle of civilization, it was home to
some of the worlds earliest civilizations.


Glossary
US_90_91_Glossary.indd 90 15/5/09 11:46:26
91




myth
A traditional story, often involving
the supernatural.
mythical
Existing only in myths and folktales.
occult
Involving magic and the paranormal.
Ottoman Empire
Also known as the Turkish Empire, this
was a vast empire that existed between
the 13th and 20th centuries. At its height,
it spanned three continents, including
much of southeastern Europe, the Middle
East, and North Africa.
predator
Something that hunts, then feeds on,
its prey.
principality
A state ruled by a prince or princess.
regenerative
Able to heal and replace lost or
damaged tissuesto heal wounds
and grow back organs and limbs.
resurrection
Coming to life again; returning from
the dead.
revenant
A person that has returned from the
dead, including ghosts, zombies, and
vampires. Term used especially in
Medieval Europe to refer to the undead.
Rhode Island
The smallest state in New England, U.S.A.
shape-shift
The ability to transform from one
physical form into another.
Shiva
Hindu god of destruction.
sorcerer
Someone who practices magic.
species
A particular kind of animal or plant.
Members of the same species share
common characteristics.
stake
A wooden stick with a sharp point.
Summers, Montague
(18801948)
Famous vampire expert who wrote
exhaustively on the subject.
supernatural
Things that occur or exist beyond the
realms of scientic understanding.
talkie
A motion picture with a synchronized
soundtrack. The rst lms were silent
there was no technology available to hear
what the actors were saying.
tam-o-shanter
A Scottish bonnet worn by men, named
after a character from a famous poem
by Robert Burns. It is made of tartan
wool with a bobble in the middle.
Transylvania
A part of modern-day Romania,
encompassing the Carpathian Mountains.
tuberculosis
Often shortened to TB, this infectious
disease used to be very common and
was frequently fatal. It attacks the lungs,
and symptoms include a fever, night
sweats, bloody phlegm, and weight loss.
quarry
A person or animal that is being hunted.
undead
Beings that are technically dead, but
behave as if they are alive.
vampire bat
Bats, native to South America, whose
food source is blood. They are active
at night and will sometimes attack
sleeping humans.
Voodoo
A religion practiced in Haiti and the
southern United States, combining the
spiritual beliefs of West African peoples
with Roman Catholicism.
Wallachia
A principality situated to the south of
the Carpathian Mountains, now a part
of Romania. It lasted from the 14th to
the 19th century.
zombie
A dead person who is brought back to
life as a reanimated corpse or mindless
being by voodoo sorcerers, traditionally
from West Africa and Haiti.
US_90_91_Glossary.indd 91 15/5/09 11:46:28
92
A
Abhartach 35
Adze 36
Africa 3637
Americas 16, 20, 4849, 6061
Angel (ctional character) 78
animals
drinking blood of 16, 23, 77, 83
shape-shifting into 2021, 37, 38,
41, 63
used to track vampires 28
apotropes 2425, 28, 43, 44,
46, 57
appearance 11, 12, 1415, 74,
75, 77
Arabian Desert 3839
artistic talents 23
Asanbosam 36
Asema 48
Ashanti people 36
Asia, Southeast 4243
Assyria 32
Aswang 43
Aztecs 16, 48
B
babies
as vampires 12, 43, 57
as victims 32, 42, 43, 46, 48
Baobhan Sith 34
Bathory, Elizabeth 7071
bats 20, 41, 49
bells 24
Bhutas 41
bites 13, 16
Black Death 54
Blade series 81
blood, thirst for 1617, 23
Braddon, Mary Elizabeth 63
Brazil 4849
Brown, Mercy 6061
Buffy: The Vampire Slayer
(lm and series) 78, 81
bullets, silver 24, 81
Burach Bhaoi 35
burial customs 13, 44, 57
Byron, Lord 63
C
Calmet, Dom Augustin 58
Camazotz 49
Caribbean islands 37, 4647
Carmilla (novel) 63, 64, 75
Carradine, John 75
Cathain 35
cattle 16
Celtic legends 3435
Central America 16, 48, 49
charms, anti-vampire see
apotropes
children and infants
as vampires 12, 43, 57, 7879
as victims 32, 36, 42, 43, 46, 48
China 4445
Church, Christian 13, 5455
methods of repelling vampires
24, 25
Churel 41
Cihuateteo 48
Claudia (ctional character) 78
Communion, Holy 55
corpses 1011, 37, 41, 57
counting, obsession with 24, 44,
46
creation of vampires 1213, 18, 57
cross, sign of the 25, 55
Csejthe Castle 7071
Cullen, Edward (ctional character)
78, 83
D
Dearg-Due 34
decapitation 28
demons 3233, 38, 41
devil 46, 5455
dhampirs 57, 81
disease 16, 54, 61
dogs 21, 28
Dracula (novel) 6467, 68, 69, 71
lms based on 7475
Dracula, Vlad see Vlad the Impaler
Draculas Daughter (lm) 75
Dragon, Order of the 69
drama, Gothic 63
E
Egypt, ancient 16, 32
Ekimmu 32
Eucharist 55
Europe, Eastern 1011, 14, 28,
5657, 58
dhampirs 57, 81
and Dracula 64
see also Hungary; Romania;
Slovakia; Wallachia
Europe, Western 5859, 63
Ewe tribe 36
eyes 15, 19
F
fairy folk 3435
fangs 11, 16
female vampires
ctional 63, 65, 75
mythical 3233, 34, 35, 37,
4041, 42, 43, 4647, 48
lms, horror 15, 7475, 78
re 24, 28
Flckinger, Johann 58
ying 19
Frankenstein (novel) 63
G
garlic 24, 43, 44, 57, 64
Ghana 36
ghouls 3839, 41
Glaistig 34
goddesses 3233, 4041
Good Lady Ducayne
(short story) 63
Gothic novels 11, 14, 6265
grains 24
graves and graveyards 23, 39, 41
prevention of vampires 57
signs of vampires 28
Greece, ancient 33
Green Lady 34
Grenada 46
H
Hapsburgs 58
Haiti 37
Hausa tribe 37
hawthorn 25
hearing 19
Hinduism 41
holy water 25, 28, 55, 81
homes 23
Horror of Dracula (lm) 75
House of Dracula (lm) 75
Hungary 7071
I
immortality 18
Impundulu 37
India 4041
Interview with a Vampire
(novel) 83
invitation 25, 64
Ireland 3435
Irving, Henry 64
J
Jamaica 46
Jaracaca 49
Jesus Christ 55
jiangshi 4445
K
Kali 4041
killing vampires 2829
L
Lagaroo 46
Lamia 33
Langella, Frank 75
Langsuir 43
Le Fanu, Sheridan 63, 75
Leanan Sidhe 34
Lee, Christopher 75
Lestat de Lioncourt (ctional
character) 77, 83
Let the Right One In (lm) 78
lifestyle 2223
Lilith 32
Lobishomen 49
loneliness 23, 83
Loogaroo 46
love 83
Lugosi, Bela 74
M
magical abilities 19, 46
see also shape-shifting
Manananggal 43
Maria Theresa, Empress 58
Masani 41
Maya 49
Mesopotamia 32
Meyer, Stephenie 83, 8485
Middle Ages 5455
mind powers 19
mirrors 25
mist 21
modern vampires 11, 15, 16, 23,
7677, 81, 8283
Mormo 33
Mormolykiai 33
moroi 57
mythology 3049
Index
US_92_93_Index.indd 92 15/5/09 11:46:22
93
N
Nietzsche, Friedrich 2627
nighttime 23
Nosferatu (lm) 74
novels
Gothic 11, 14, 6265
modern 77, 78, 83
O
Obayifo 36
Oldman, Gary 75
Olhigue 46
Ottoman Empire 58, 68
P
Paole, Arnold 58
Passarowitz, Peace of 58
Penanggalan 42
Peru 49
Pisacha 41
Pishtaco 49
Planch, J. R. 63
Plogojowitz, Peter 58
Polidori, John 63
Pontianak 43
powers 1819, 23
see also shape-shifting
pregnancy superstitions 12
R
Rakshasas 41
rats 16, 21
redcaps 35
revenants 10, 14, 5457
Rhode Island 6061
rice 24, 44, 46
Rice, Anne 77, 78, 83
Romania 13, 5657, 6869
Rome, ancient 16, 33
rope, knotted 25
Ruthven, Lord (ctional
character) 63
S
salt 24, 43, 46
sand 24
Schrek, Max 74
Scotland 3435
seeds 24
Sekhmet 32
senses 19
Serbia 58
shape-shifting 2021, 37, 38, 41,
63, 64
Shelley, Mary 63
silver 24
slayers 57, 8081
Slovakia 5657, 70
smell, sense of 19
sorcery see witchcraft and
sorcery
Soucouyant 46
soul eaters 37
South Africa 37
South America 20, 4849
speed 19
stakes 28, 64, 81
stallion, white 28
Stoker, Bram 6467, 68, 69, 71,
74, 75
strength 18, 64
strigoi 1011, 33, 57
Strix 33
suicide 13, 44, 57
Summers, Montague 5051
sunlight 23, 25, 43
T
teenage vampires 78, 83
telekinesis 19
theater 63
Toyol 43
travel 23
Trinidad 46
tuberculosis 61
Twilight series 78, 83, 8485
U
United States of America 6061
V
vampire bat 20, 49
Vampire Chronicles 77, 78
vampire hunters 57, 8081
Vampyr (lm) 75
Vampyre, The (novel) 63, 64
Van Helsing, Abraham (ctional
character) 65, 81
Varney, Sir Francis (ctional
character) 63
Vetalas 41
Vlad the Impaler (Vlad Tepes) 64,
6869
Voodoo 37
W
Wallachia 58, 64, 6869
water
holy 25, 28, 55, 81
running 25
West Africa 37
Whitby 64, 65
William of Newburgh 55
witchcraft and sorcery 10, 34,
3637, 4243, 4647, 54, 71
wolves 20
X
Xhosa tribes 37
Z
Zhong Kui 44
zombies 37
Zulu tribes 37
Credits
DK would like to thank:
Steven Carton, Ashwin Khurana, and Niki
Foreman for editorial assistance; Scarlett
OHara for proofreading; Jackie Brind for the
index; Caitlin Doyle for Americanization;
Stefan Podhorodecki for photography; Neil
Amon, Jade Cresswell (MOT-models), Glenn
Walker, and Rosie Williams for modelling;
Valero Doval, Illustration Ltd., Francesco
Francavilla, KJA-Artists.com, and Katie
Knutton for illustrations.
The publisher would like to thank the
following for their kind permission to
reproduce their photographs:
Key:
aabove; bbelow/bottom; ccenter;
ffar; lleft; rright; ttop
5 iStockphoto.com: Aleksandar Velasevic
(cb). 6 Dreamstime.com: Devor (bl). 7
Dreamstime.com: Devor (br) (tl); Halilo
(c). 89 iStockphoto.com: Nocturnus (c).
1011 iStockphoto.com: mxtama (c). 1213
iStockphoto.com: goktugg (c/splashed
background); proxyminder (c/blue smoke
effect). 18 Corbis: Images.com (tl) (bl) (tr).
19 Corbis: Images.com (br) (bl) (tl) (tr). 2021
Corbis: Ron Nickel / Design Pics (c/woman
boarding bus). 21 Corbis: W. Perry Conway
(br). 22 Alamy Images: WoodyStock (ca/
bats). Getty Images: CGIBackgrounds.com
(c). 2627 iStockphoto.com: duncan1890
(c/abstract background); sbayram (c/water).
30 iStockphoto.com: red_frog (cl). 3031
iStockphoto.com: Phecs (c/background).
3233 iStockphoto.com: guysargent (c/
stone wall). 3435 Getty Images: Dorling
Kindersley (c/tree bark). 38 Dreamstime.
com: Kizkulesi (tl) (bl). 3839 Alamy
Images: Ian Dagnall (cl/sunset scene). 39
Alamy Images: jean (tr). 40 Corbis: Phillipe
Lissac (c). 4243 Chris Hope: hopedraws.
com (c). 4647 Corbis: Barry Lewis (tc/
fire ball). iStockphoto.com: kjohansen (cl/
textured background). 47 iStockphoto.
com: provrb7 (ca/shutters). 4849 Alamy
Images: Images Etc Ltd (tc/sky). 5051
iStockphoto.com: Angel_1978 (c/ornate
border); bphillips (c/decaying background);
Aleksandar Velasevic (c/wings). 5253 The
Bridgeman Art Library: Maison de Victor
Hugo, Paris, France / Lauros / Giraudon
(c). 55 Corbis: Benelux / zefa (ca).
5859 Corbis: Luke MacGregor. 60 Ronald
Correia: (c). Dreamstime.com: Alptraum
(br/rose). 61 Ronald Correia: (crb). 62
British Library: (fbl). Corbis: moodboard
(c). TopFoto.co.uk: Fortean (bc). 6263
iStockphoto.com: bphillips (c/background).
63 Dreamstime.com: Elise1976 (cra/design
behind bat). 64 Dreamstime.com: Angie68
(tl) (tr). 6667 iStockphoto.com: benoitb
(c/water drops); Cloudniners (c/scrolls).
6869 Alamy Images: Chris Howes/Wild
Places Photography (c/forest scene). 69
Alamy Images: Melvyn Longhurst (clb).
7273 iStockphoto.com: wragg (c). 74
Getty Images: John Lund (c/darkroom).
The Kobal Collection: Universal (tr). Rex
Features: Everett Collection (bl). 7475
Dreamstime.com: Bogalo (cr/film strips).
75 Alamy Images: Photos 12 (bc). The
Kobal Collection: Dreyer-Tobis-Klangfilm
(tl); Universal (tr) (bl). The Ronald Grant
Archive: American Zoetrope / RGA (br);
Universal Pictures (tc). 76 iStockphoto.
com: Yuri_Arcurs (ca). 7677 Alamy
Images: les polders (c). 7879 The Kobal
Collection: Fido Film AB (c). 81 The
Kobal Collection: 20th Century Fox TV/
Richard Cartwright (c). 82 iStockphoto.
com: Cloudniners (bl/scroll). The Kobal
Collection: Maverick Films (c). 83 Getty
Images: Ryan McVay (c/background
trees). iStockphoto.com: Cloudniners (tr/
scroll). 8485 iStockphoto.com: goktugg
(c/splashes); proxyminder (c/smoke).
Jacket images:
Front: photography by Andy Crawford.
iStockphoto.com: Aleksandar Velasevic
c (wings). Back: iStockphoto.com:
Aleksandar Velasevic (c/trees); NASA: (c/
moon); Front endpapers: iStockphoto.
com: Natouche (c/roses); Snaprender (c/
coffins); Rex Features: Peter Brooker (crb/
open coffin). Back endpapers: iStockphoto.
com: Natouche (c/roses); Snaprender (c/
coffins); Rex Features: Peter Brooker (crb/
open coffin).
All other images Dorling Kindersley
For further information see:
www.dkimages.com
US_92_93_Index.indd 93 10/06/2009 15:33