Cisco Hands-On Training

IPv6 theory
Darrell Root Sep-09 www.ciscohandsontraining.com
This presentation will be posted in the episode
comments on the website

Saturday, September 19, 2009

IPv4 address exhaustion

(www.potaroo.net)

Saturday, September 19, 2009

OSI layer review

source: http://www.softpanorama.org/Net/Images/tcp_ip_layers.gif

Saturday, September 19, 2009

Ethernet frame format

Ethernet frame type 0x0800=IPv4

Ethernet frame type 0x86DD=IPv6
source: http://cs.uccs.edu/~cs522/msgformat/hw1_ht1.gif

Saturday, September 19, 2009

TCP segment format (RFC 793)

Saturday, September 19, 2009

HTTP tcpdump is very

familiar

Saturday, September 19, 2009

UDP format (RFC 768)

Saturday, September 19, 2009

IPv4 and IPv6 header format

(source: h3c.com)

Saturday, September 19, 2009

IPv6 extension headers

(from www.cisco.com)

Saturday, September 19, 2009

IPv6 extension headers

(from wikipedia)

Saturday, September 19, 2009

IPv6 address example

and shortening rules
192.168.33.76
2001:0db8:0032:0000:0000:5bf0:3f2d:8f8a

2001:db8:32::5bf0:3f2d:8f8a

Saturday, September 19, 2009

IPv6 netmasks

2001:0db8:0032:48c3:4f21:5bfe:3f2d:8f8a
2001:0db8::/32

Typical small ISP allocation

2001:0db8:0032::/48

Typical allocation for

enterprise, building, or home

2001:0db8:0032:48c3::/
64
2001:0db8:0032:48c3:4
f21:5bfe:3f2d:8f8a/128

Typical subnet (including p2p

links)

Saturday, September 19, 2009

Loopback interface

IPv6 netmask sizes

Saturday, September 19, 2009

/32

65536 sites each with

/48

/48

65536 subnets each of

size /64

/64

One subnet with 16

billion billion hosts

/128

Used for loopback

interfaces

subnet mask drill

2345:6789:abcd:ef01:2345:6789:abcd:ef01
2345:6789:abcd:ef00::/63
0x1=1 0001

/16 /32 /48 /64 /128

/8 /44 /52 /60
/43 /45 /50 /62 /63
Saturday, September 19, 2009

2345:6789:abcd:ef01:2345:6789:abcd:ef01/128
2345:6789:abcd::/48
2345::/16
2345:6789::/32 2345:6789:abcd:ef01::/64
2345:6789:abc0::/44
2300::/8
2345:6789:abcd:e000::/52
2345:6789:abcd:ef00::/60
2345:6789:abc0::/43
2345:6789:abc8::/45
2345:6789:abcd:c000::/50
2345:6789:abcd:ef00::/62
2345:6789:abcd:ef00::/63
Saturday, September 19, 2009

IPv6 address types

(www.iana.org)
2000::/3 through 3fff::/3

Global Unicast

fc00::/7 through fdff::/7

Unique local unicast

fe80::/10 through febf::/10

Link local unicast

ff00::/8 through ffff::/8

multicast

Saturday, September 19, 2009

IPv6 multicast addresses

(source: edge.networkworld.com)

Saturday, September 19, 2009

ipv6 well known

multicast addresses
ff02::1 all hosts on local subnet
ff02::2 all routers on local subnet
ff02::5, ff02::6 OSPFv3
ff02::9 RIPng
Saturday, September 19, 2009

IPv6 multicast to
ethernet multicast

(src: technet.microsoft.com)

Saturday, September 19, 2009

IPv6 neighbor solicitation

sudo tcpdump -e -n icmp6
00:22:41:27:a4:0a > 33:33:ff:00:00:01, ethertype IPv6
(0x86dd), length 86: 2001:db8:1f05:2e5:222:41ff:fe27:a40a >
ff02::1:ff00:1: ICMP6, neighbor solicitation, who has
2001:db8:1f05:2e5::1, length 32
00:1f:f3:3c:fc:d5 > 00:22:41:27:a4:0a, ethertype IPv6
(0x86dd), length 86: 2001:db8:1f05:2e5::1 >
2001:db8:1f05:2e5:222:41ff:fe27:a40a: ICMP6, neighbor
advertisement, tgt is 2001:db8:1f05:2e5::1, length 32
Saturday, September 19, 2009

IPv6 duplicate address

detection
00:1b:63:f0:8a:93 > 33:33:ff:f0:8a:93, ethertype IPv6
(0x86dd), length 78: :: > ff02::1:fff0:8a93: ICMP6, neighbor
solicitation, who has fe80::21b:63ff:fef0:8a93, length 24
(no reply, so no duplicate address detected)

Saturday, September 19, 2009

IPv6 router
advertisements
00:1f:f3:3c:fc:d5 > 33:33:00:00:00:01, ethertype IPv6 (0x86dd),
length 110: (hlim 255, next-header ICMPv6 (58) payload length:
56) fe80::21f:f3ff:fe3c:fcd5 > ff02::1: [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, router
advertisement, length 56
hop limit 64, Flags [none], pref medium, router lifetime 1800s,
reachable time 0s, retrans time 0s
source link-address option (1), length 8 (1): 00:1f:f3:3c:fc:d5
0x0000: 001f f33c fcd5
prefix info option (3), length 32 (4): 2001:db8:1f05:2e5::/64, Flags
[onlink, auto], valid time 2592000s, pref. time 604800s
Saturday, September 19, 2009

IPv6 address stateless

autoconfiguration (RFC2462)

Host has MAC address 1234:5678:90ab

Host sends router solicitation and receives

router advertisement with prefix
2001:db8:1234:5678::/64

Host uses DAD and eventually assumes IPv6

address
2001:db8:1234:5678:1234:56FF:FE78:90ab

Saturday, September 19, 2009

After using duplicate address detection, host

assumes IPv6 link-local address
fe80::1234:56FF:FE78:90ab

IPv6 Cisco IOS support

Introduced in 12.2T

For cat6, use 12.2(18)SXF or later (currently 12.2

(18)SXF16, 12.2(33)SXH5, or 12.2(33)SXI2a

IP plus feature set, or advanced IP services

feature set (very recent releases include it in IP
services)

Saturday, September 19, 2009

Integrated into mainline in 12.3

Many recent new features, so use at least 12.4
mainline

IPv6 map example

All IPv6 addresses start with:
2001:0db8:0:
s0
2::1/64

Top
lo0 1::1/128
s1
1::5/126

s1
2::2/64

Middle
lo0 1::2/128

Saturday, September 19, 2009

s0
1::6/126
s0
3::1/64

s1
3::2/64

bottom
lo0 1::3/128

IPv6 configuration
example
ipv6 unicast-routing
interface Serial1
no ip address
ipv6 address 2001:DB8:0:2::2/64
ipv6 rip bob enable
clock rate 64000
!
ipv6 router rip bob
Saturday, September 19, 2009