CONTROL ESTRUCTURAL DE MINERALIZACIONES: determinacin mecnica y pronsticos prospectivos.

Dr. Eduardo A. Rossello CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires Av. R. Scalabrini Ortiz N 2464, Piso 6, A C1425 - BUENOS AIRES, Argentina ea_rossello@yahoo.com.ar rossello@gl.fcen.uba.ar

Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medelln Facultad de Ciencias Medelln (Colombia, 2 al 5 de Marzo 2009)
Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009) 1

OBJETIVOS Actualizar conocimientos bsicos y modernos de la Geologa Estructural Aplicada Proporcionar herramientas prcticas y sencillas de anlisis objetivo basadas en el anlisis fsico de la deformacin Facilitar la caracterizacin morfoestructural 4D, cuantitativa y multiescalar de estructuras continuas y discontinuas. Reconocer y pronosticar ambientes estructurales propicios para el emplazamiento de fluidos (minerales, hidrocarburos, agua) Disear maniobras de intervencin (laboreos subterrneos, reservorios naturalmente fracturados, acuferos). Incentivar el espritu de anlisis crtico Fomentar la discusin de los temas estructurales-tectnicos aplicados
Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009) 2

APLICACIONES Definicin de las propiedades mecnicas de las rocas y factores que influyen en la deformacin. Relaciones entre estructura y mineralizacin. Caracterizacin geomtrica y gentica de las estructuras y sus relaciones con los procesos petrolgicos, tectosedimentarios y mineralizaciones. Ajuste de interpretaciones cuali-cuantitativas a partir de datos objetivos y razonamientos sencillos y predecibles. Evaluacin, perspectivas y aplicaciones reales de las metodologas de investigacin, escalas y relevamientos estructurales usuales

PROGRAMA TENTATIVO Mdulo: Introduccin y conceptos bsicos Introduccin. Metodologa del curso, bibliografas. Campos de esfuerzo vs. deformacin Factores fsicos que influyen en la deformacin Comportamientos frgil vs. dctil Mdulo: Descripcin estructural Ley de Anderson, Sistema de Riedel Ornamentaciones 2D y 3D del fallamiento Plegamiento. Condiciones mecnicas. Variaciones en el espacio y en el tiempo. Mdulo: Generacin de espacios dilatantes Concepto de Dilatancia Definicin espacial Modelizacin analgica Sistemas de Fracturas. Mecanismos de las fracturas Mdulo: Conceptos de metalogenia. Ambientes geotectnicos y mineralizaciones Depsitos diseminados y vetiformes Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

BIBLIOGRAFIA DE REFERENCIA
Allmendinger, R.W., 1987. Tcnicas modernas de anlisis estructural. Asociacin Geolgica Argentina, Serie B: Didctica y complementaria 16, 91p. Anderson, E. M., 1936, The dynamics of the formation of cone-sheets, ring dykes, and caldron-subsidences: Proc. Royal Society of Edinborough, v. 56, p. 128-157. Anderson, E. M., 1951, The dynamics of faulting, 2nd Ed.: London, Oliver and Boyd, 206 p. Bartlett, W. L., Friedman, M. and Logan, J. M., 1981, Experimental folding of rocks under confining pressure, Part IX. Wrench faults in limestone layers: Tectonophysics, v.79, p.255-277. Aydin, A. & Page, B.M., 1984. Diverse Pliocene-Quaternary tectonics in a transform enviroment, San Francisco Bay region, California. Geological Society of America, Bulletin 95, 1303-1317. Berthe, D., Choukroune, P. & Jegouzo, P., 1983. Orthogneiss, mylonite, and non-coaxial deformation of granites: The example of the South Armorican shear zone. Journal of Structural Geology, 1, 31.42. Biddle, K.T. & Christie-Blick, N., 1985. Glossary-strike-slip deformation, basin formation, and sedimentation. In: Biddle, K.T. & N. Christie-Blick (eds): Strike-slip deformation, Basin formation and sedimentation. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists (Tulsa), Special Publication 37, 376-385. Boccaletti, M. & Nur, A., 1990. Active and recent strike-slip tectonics. Special Issue. Annales Tectonic, IV (2), 215p. Brgmann, R., 1991. Transpression along the Southern San Andreas fault, Durmid Hill, California. Tectonics, 10, 1152-1163. Burke, K., Cooper, C., Dewey, J.F., Mann P. & Pindell, J.L., 1984. Caribbean tectonics and relative plate motions. Geological Society of America, Memoir 162, 31-63. Bursnall, J.T., 1989. Mineralization and shear zones. Geological Association of Canada (Montral). Short Course Notes, Vol. 6, 299p. Busby, C.J. & Ingersoll, R.V., 1995. Tectonics of sedimentary basins. Blackwell Sciences (Cambridge, USA), 549p. Butler, R.W.H., 1982. The terminology of structures in thrust belts. Journal of Structural Geology, 4, 239-245. Calassou, S., Larroque, C. & Malavieille, J., 1993. Transfer zones of deformation in thrust wedges: an experimental study. Tectonophysics, 221, 325-344. Chardon, D., Andromicos, C.L. & Holliste, L.S., 1999. Large-scale transpressive shear zone patterns and displacement within magmatic arcs: The Coast Plutonic Complex, British Columbia. Tectonics, 18 (2), 278-292. Choukroune, P., 1995. Dformations et dplacements dans la crote terrestre. Masson (Paris), 226. Choukroune, P., Gapais, D. & Merle, O., 1987. Shear criteria and structural symmetry. Journal of Structural Geology, 9 (5/6), 525-530. Christie-Blick, N. & Biddle, K.T., 1985. Deformation and basin formation along strike-slip faults. In Biddle, K.T. & Christie-Blick, N. (eds): Strike-slip deformation, Basin formation and sedimentation. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists (Tulsa), Special Publication 37, 1-34. Cloos, H., 1928. Uber antithetische Bewegungen. Geologische Rundschau, 19, 246-251. Cloos, E., 1955. Experimental analysis of fracture patterns. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 66, 241-256. Cloos, E., 1968, Experimental analysis of Gulf Coast fracture patterns: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 52, p. 420-444. Cobbold, P.R., Massabie, A.C. & Rossello, E.A., 1986. Hercynian wrenching and thrusting in the Sierras Australes foldbelt, Argentina. Hercynica (France), 2, 135-148. Cobbold, P.R., Gapais, D. & Rossello, E.A., 1991. Partitioning of transpressive motions within a sigmoidal foldbelt: the Variscan Sierras Australes, Argentina. Journal of Structural Geology (London), 13 (7), 743-758. Cobbold, P.R., Gapais, D., Rossello, E.A., Milani, E.J. & Szatmari, P., 1992. Permo-Triassic intracontinental deformation in SW Gondwana. In: M.J. de Wit & Ransome, I.G.D. (Eds), Inversion tectonics of the Cape Fold Belt, Karoo and Cretaceous Basins of Southern Africa. A.A. Balkema (Rotterdam), 23-26. Cobbold, P.R., Davy, P., Gapais, D., Rossello, E.A., Sadybakasov, E.,. Thomas, J.C., Tondji-Bijo, J.J. & de Urreiztieta, M., 1993. Sedimentary basins and crustal thickening. In: Cloetingh, S., Sassi, W., Horvath, F. & Puigdefabregas, C. (Eds.), Basin Analysis and Dynamics of Sedimentary Basin Evolution. Sedimentary Geology (Amsterdam), 86, 77-89. Cobbold, P.R., Diraison, M. & Rossello, E.A., 1999. Bitumen veins and Eocene transpression, Neuqun Basin, Argentina. Tectonophysics, 314 (4), 423-442. Coutand, I., Diraison, M., Cobbold, P.R., Gapais, D., Rossello, E.A. & Miller, M., 1999. Structure and kinematic of a foothills transect, Lago Viedma, southern Andes (49 30 S). Journal of South American Earth Sciences (Oxford), 12, 1-15. Crowell, J.D., 1974. Origin of Late Cenozoic basins in Southern California. In: Dickinson, W.R. (Ed.) Tectonics & Sedimentation. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists (Tulsa) Special Publication 22, 190-204. Cosgrove, M. S., ed., 2000, Forced folds and fractures: Geological Society (London) Special Publication 169, 225 p. Currie, J. B., Patnode, H. W. and Trump, R. P., 1962, Development of folds in sedimentary strata: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 73, p. 655-673. Davis, G.H. & Reynolds, S.J., 1996. Structural geology of rocks and regions. John Wiley & Sons (New York), 776p. Deaton, B.C. & Burkart, B., 1984. Time of sinistral slip along the Polochic Fault of Guatemala. Tectonophysics, 102, 297-313. Debelmas, J. & Mascle, G., 1991. Les grandes structures gologiques. Masson (Paris), 299p. Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009) 5 Dewey, J.F., 1980. Episodicity, sequence, and style at convergent plate boundaries. In: Strangway, D.W (ed.): The continental crust and its mineral deposits. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 20, 553-573.

Dietrich, J.R., Higgs, R., Rohr, K.M. & White, J.M., 1993. The Tertiary Queen Charlotte Basin: a strike-slip basin on the western Canadian continental margin. In: Frostick, L.E. & R.J. Steel (Eds), Tectonic controls and signatures in sedimentary successions. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication 20 (Blackwell Scientific Publications), 520p. Diraison, M., Cobbold, P.R., Gapais, D., Rossello, E.A. & Le Corre, C., 2000. Cenozoic crustal thickening, wrenching and rifting in the foothills of the southernmost Andes. Tectonophysics (Amsterdam, Pases Bajos), 316, 91-119. Diraison, M., Cobbold, P.R., Rossello, E.A. & Amos, A.J., 1998. Neogene dextral transpression due to oblique convergence across the Andes of northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences (Oxford, Reino Unido), 11 (6), 519-532. Doblas, M. & Rubio, J., 1987. Movimientos absolutos en fallas. Boletn Geolgico y Minero. XCVIII-IV, 493-506. Dooley, T. & McClay, K., 1997. Analog modeling of pull-apart basins. AAPG, 81 (11), 1804-1826. Freund, R., 1974. Kinematics of transform and transcurrent faults. Tectonophysics, 21, 93-134. Finch, E., Hardy, S. and Gawthorpe, R., 2003, Discrete element modelling of contractional fault-propagation folding above rigid fault blocks: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 25, p. 515-528. Friedman, M., 1967, Description of rocks and rock masses with a view to their physical and mechanical behavior: Procedings First International Congress Rock Mechanics, v. 3, p.181-197. Friedman, M., Handin, J., Logan, J. M., Min, K. D. and Stearns, D. W., 1976, Experimental folding of focks under confining pressure: Part III. Faulted drape folds in multilithologic specimens: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 87, p. 1049-1066 Frostick, L.E. & Steel, R.J., 1993. Tectonic controls and signatures in sedimentary succesions (Editors). International Association of Sedimentologists. Special Publication 20 (Blackwell Scientific Publications), 520p. Gapais, D. & Le Corre, C., 1980. Is the Hercynian belt of Brittany a major shear zone?. Nature 288 (5791), 574-576. Griggs, D. and Handin, J., 1960, Observations on fracture and a hypothesis of earthquakes: Geological Society of America Memoir 79, p. 347-364. Groshong, R. H., Jr., 1988, Low-temperature deformation mechanisms and their interpretation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 1329-1360. Groshong, R. H., Jr., 1999, 3-D Structural Geology, Berlin, Springer, 324 p. Groshong, R. H., Jr., 2001, Forced Folds and Fractures, a book review: Tectonophysics, v. 334, p. 57-59 Gzovsky, M. V., Grigoryev, A. S., Gushehenko, O. I., Mikhailova, A. V., Nikonov, A. A. and Osokina, D. N., 1973, Problems of the tectonophysical characteristics of stresses, deformations, fractures, and deformation mechanisms of the earth's crust: Tectonophysics, v. 18, p. 167-205. Hanmer, S. & Paaschier, C., 1991. Shear-sense indicators: a review. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 90-17, 72p. Hancock, P.L., 1994. Continental deformation. Pergamon Press (Oxford), 411p. Hanmer, S., 1986. Asymmetrical pull-aparts and foliation fish as kinematic indicators. Journal of Structural Geology, 8 (2), 111-122. Harding, T.P., 1974. Petroleum traps associated with wrench faults. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, 58 (7), 1290-1304. Harding, T.P., 1976. Tectonic significance and hydrocarbon trapping consequence of sequential folding synchronous with San Andreas faulting, San Joaquin Valley, California. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin 60, 356-378. Harding, T.P., 1990. Identification of wrench faults using subsurface structural data: criteria and pitfalls. Am. Association Petroleum Geologists, Bull. 74 (10), 1590-1609. Harding, T.P., Vierbuchen, R.C. & Christie-Blick, N., 1985. Structural styles, plate-tectonics settings, and hydrocarbon traps in divergent (transtensional) wrench faults. In: Biddle, K.T. & Christie-Blick, N. (eds): Strike-slip deformation, Basin formation and sedimentation. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists (Tulsa), Special Publication 37, 51-77. Harding, T.P. & Tuminas, A.C.,1988. Interpretation of footwall (lowside) fault traps sealed by reverse faults and convergent wrench faults. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin 72 (6), 738-757. Harding, T.P. & Tuminas, A.C., 1989. Structural interpretation of hydrocarbon traps sealed by basement normal block faults at stable flank of foredeep basins and at rift basins. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin 73 (7), 812-840 . Hatcher Jr., R.D., 1995. Structural geology. Principles, concepts and problems. Prentice Hall (New Jersey), 400p Homand, F. & P. Duffaut, 2000. Manuel de mcanique des roches. Ecole de Mines de Paris. Tome 1: Fondements. 265p Handen, J., Hager, R. V., Friedman, M. and Feather, J. N., 1963, Experimental deformation of sedimentary rocks under confining pressure: pore pressure tests: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 47, p. 717-755. Horsfield, W. T., 1980, Contemporaneous movement along crossing conjugate normal faults: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 2, p. 305-310. Hubbert, M. K. and Rubey, W. W., 1959, Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting I: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 70, p. 115-166. Ingersoll, R.V., 1988. Tectonics of sedimentary basins. Geological Society of America, Bulletin 100, 1704-1719. Jgouzo, P. & Rossello, E.A., 1988. La branche nord du Cisaillement Sud-Armoricain: un essai d'evaluation du dplacement par l'analyse des mylonites. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris (Paris, Francia), 307, Srie II, 1825-1831. Jolivet, L., 1997. La dformation des continents, exemples rgionaux. Hermann Editeurs des Sciences et des Arts (Paris),.413p. Johnson, K. M. and Johnson, A. M., 2002, Mechanical analysis of the geometry of forced-folds: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 24, p. 401-410. Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009) 6 Kearey, P. & Vine, F.J.,1996. Global tectonics. Blackwell Science (Oxford), 333p. Krantz, R.W., 1995. The transpressional strain model applied to strike-slip, oblique-convergent and oblique-divergent deformation. Journal of Structural Geology 17, 11251137.

Lavenu, A. & Cembrano, J., 1999. Estados de esfuerzo compresivo plioceno y compresivo-transpresivo pleistoceno, Andes del sur, Chile (38 - 42 30 S). Revista Geolgica de Chile (Santiago), 26 (1), 67-87. Lawrence, R.D. & Yeats, R.S., 1979. Geological reconnaissance of the Chaman fault in Pakistan. In: Farah, A. & DeJong, K.A. (eds): Geodynamics of Pakistan, Geological Survey of Pakistan (Quetta), 351-357. Leroy, S., Mercier de Lpinay, B., Mauffret, A. & Pubellier, M., 1996. Structural and tectonic evolution of the Eastern Cayman trough (Caribbean Sea) from seismic reflection data. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin 80 (2), 222-247. McClay, K. R. and Ellis, P. G., 1987, Geometries of extensional fault systems developed in model experiments: Geology, v. 15, p. 341-344. Mandl, G., 1988. Mechanics of tectonic faulting, Models and basic concepts. Developments in Structural Geology. Elsevier (Amsterdam), 401p. Mann, P., Hempton, M.R., Bradley, D.C. & Burke, K., 1983. Development of pull-apart basins. Journal of Geology, 91, 529-554 Marshak, S. & Mitra, G., 1988. Basic Methods of Structural Geology. Prentice Hall (New Jersey), 446p. Martnez, E.A., 1996. Borde Colorado Este. Ejemplo de yacimiento petrolfero en el Area al Sur de la Dorsal. Cuenca Neuquina, Prov. del Neuqun. XIII Congreso Geolgico Argentino-III Congreso de Exploracin de Hidrocarburos, 1, 201-209. May, S.R., Ehman, K.D., Gray, G.G. & Crowell, J.C., 1993. A new angle on the tectonic evolution of the Ridge basin, a "strike-slip" basin in southern California. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 105, 1.357-1.372. McClay, K.R., 1987. The mapping of geological structures. Geological Society of London-John Wiley & Sons (Chichester),.161p. McLaughlin, R.J., Sliter, W., Song, D.H., Russell, P.C. & Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., 1996. Large-scale right-slip displacement on the East San Francisco Bay Region fault system, California: implications for location of late Miocene to Pliocene Pacific plate boundary. Tectonics 15, 1-18. Milani, E.J. & Davidson, I., 1988. Basement control and transfer tectonics in the Recncavo-Tucano-Jatob rift, Northeast Brazil. Tectonophysics, 154, 41-70. Moody, J.D., 1973. Petroleum exploration aspect of wrench-fault tectonics. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin 57 (3), 449-476. Moody, J.D. & Hill, M.J., 1956. Wrench-fault tectonics. Geological Society of America, Bulletin 67, 1207-1246. Morley, C.K., Nelson, R.A., Patton, T.L. & Munn, S.G., 1990. Transfer zones in the East African Rift system and their relevance to hydrocarbon exploration in rifts. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin 74, 1234-1253. Mount, V.S. & Suppe, J., 1987. State of stress near the San Andreas fault: implications for wrench tectonics. Geology, 15, 1143-1146. Naylor, M.A., Mandl, G. & Supesteijn, C.H.K., 1986. Fault geometries in basement-induced wrench faulting under different initial stress states. Journal of Structural Geology, 8 (7), 737-752. Nicholson, C., Seeber, L., Williams, P. & Sykes, L.R., 1986. Seismic evidence for conjugate slip and block rotation within the San Andreas Fault system, Southern California. Tectonics 5 (4), 629-648. Nilsen, T.H. & Sylvester, A.G., 1995. Strike-slip basins, In: Busby, C.J. & R.V. Ingersoll (eds): Tectonics of sedimentary basins. Blackwell Science (Cambridge), 425-457. Oddone, F. & Vialon, P., 1983. Analogue models of folds above a wrench fault. Tectonophysics 99, 31-46. Okay, A.I., Demirbag, E., Kurt, H., Okay, N. & Kusu, I., 1999. An active, deep marine strike-slip basin along the North Anatolian fault in Turkey. Tectonics, 18 (1), 129147. Park, R.G., 1988. Geological structures and moving plates. Blackie (Glasgow), 337p. Parrish, D. K., 1973, A nonlinear finite element fold model: American Journal of Science, v. 273, p. 318-334 Passchier, C.W. & Trouw, R.A.J., 1996. Micro-tectonics. Springer-Verlag (Berlin), 289p. Petit, J-P., Proust, F. & Tapponnier, P., 1983. Critres de sens de mouvement sur les miroirs de failles en roches non calcaires. Bulletin Societ Gologique de France ,7 (XXV-4), 589-608. Pindell, J,L. & Barret, S.F., 1990. Geologic evolution of the Caribbean Region: a Plate tectonic perspective. In: Decade of North American Geology, volumen H (Caribbean). Case, J.E. & Dengo, G. (eds). Geological Society of America (Boulder, USA), 405-432. Price, N.J. & Cosgrove, J.W., 1990. Analysis of geological structures. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge), 494p. Ramberg, H., 1963, Strain distribution and geometry of folds: Uppsala University Geological Institute Bulletin v. 42, p. 1-20. Ramsay, J.G., 1977. Plegamiento y fracturacin de rocas. H. Blume Ediciones (Madrid), 590p. Ramsay, J.G. & Huber, M.I., 1983. The techniques of Modern Structural Geology. Volume 1: Strain analysis. Academic Press (Londres), 307p. Ramsay, J.G. & Huber, M.I., 1987. The techniques of Modern Structural Geology. Volume 2: Folds and fractures. Academic Press (Londres), 700p Reutter, K.J., Scheuber, E.& Helmcke, D., 1991. Structural evidence of orogen-parallel strike slip displacements in the Precordillera of northern Chile. Geologische Rundschau 80 (1), 135-153. Richard, P., 1991. Experiments on faulting in a two-layer cover sequence overlying a reactivated basement fault with oblique-slip. Journal of Structural Geology, 13 (4), 459-469. Richard, P., Ballard, J.F., Coletta, B. & Cobbold, P.R., 1989a. Naissance et volution de failles au-dessus d'un dcrochement de socle: modelisation analogique et tomographie. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris (Paris, Francia), 309, Srie II, 2.111-2.118.

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

Richard, P., Mocquet, B. & Cobbold, P.R., 1989b. Formation simultane de failles et de plis au-dessous d'un dcrochement de socle: modelisation exprimentale. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris (Paris, Francia), 309, Srie II, 1.061-1.066. Richard, P. & Cobbold, P.R., 1990. Experimental insights to partitioning of fault motions in continental convergent wrench zones. Annales Tectonic, IV (2), 35-44. Richard, P., Mocquet, B. & Cobbold, P.R., 1991. Experiments on simultaneous faulting and folding above a basement wrench fault. Tectonophysics, 188, 133-141. Richard, P. & Krantz, R.W., 1991. Experiments on fault reactivation in strike-slip mode. In: Cobbold, P.R. (ed.), Experimental and numerical modelling of continental deformation. Tectonophysics 188,17-131. Riedel, W., 1929. Zur Mechanik geologischer Brucherscheinungen. Zentralbl. Mineral. Geol. Palontol., Abh.B, 354-368. Roberts, R.G., Sheahan, P.A. & Green, S.B., 1990. Geenstone gold and crustal evolution (eds). Geological Association of Canada, 250p. Rodgers, D.A., 1980. Analysis of pull-apart basin development produce by en echelon strike-slip faults. Special Publication International Association Sedimentology, 4, 27-41. Ron, H., Freund, R. & Garfunkel, Z., 1984. Block rotation by strike-slip faulting: structural and paleomagnetic evidence. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89 (B7), 6.256-6.270. Rossello, E.A., 2001. Controles estructurales del Lineamiento Tucumn sobre el magmatismo negeno y sus mineralizaciones asociadas del distrito Faralln Negro (Catamarca, Argentina): una revisin. Anales Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Fsicas y Naturales (Buenos Aires, Argentina), 52. En prensa. Rossello, E.A., Mozetic, M.E., Cobbold, P.R., de Urreiztieta, M. & Gapais, D., 1996. El espoln Umango-Maz y la conjugacin sintaxial de los lineamientos Tucumn y Valle Frtil (La Rioja, Argentina). XIII Congreso Geolgico Argentino-III Congreso de Hidrocarburos (Buenos Aires), Actas 2, 187-194. Rossello, E.A., Mozetic, M.E., Cobbold, P.R. & Lpez-Gamund, O.R., 1997a. El Bolsn Pagancillo (La Rioja, Argentina), una fosa tectnica constrictiva en un ambiente subandino y su relacin con el lineamiento de Valle Frtil. VI Simposio Bolivariano (Cartagena), Actas CD. Rossello, E.A., Massabie, A.C., Lpez-Gamund, O.R., Cobbold, P.R. & Gapais, D., 1997b. Late Paleozoic transpression in Buenos Aires and Northeast Patagonia ranges, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences (Reino Unido), 10 (5-6), 389-402 Rossello, E.A., de Santa Ana, H. & Veroslavsky, G., 2001. La cuenca Santa Luca (Uruguay): un pull apart jursico-cretcico transtensivo dextral. Asociacin Geolgica Argentina, Revista (Buenos Aires, Argentina), 56 (1), 38-50. Rowland, S.M. & Duebendorfer, E.M., 1994. Structural analysis and synthesis. Blackell Scientific Publication (Boston, USA), 279p. Sanderson, D. & Marchini, R.D., 1984. Transpression. Journal of Structural Geology. 6, 449-458. Sanford, A. R., 1959, Analytical and experimental study of simple geologic structures: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 70, p. 19-51. Skempton, A. W., 1966, Some observations on tectonic shear zones: Proceedings First Congress International Society of Rock Mechanics, v.1, p. 329-335. Smith, D. A., 1980, Sealing and nonsealing faults in Louisiana Gulf Coast Salt Basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 64, p. 145-172. Sawkins, F.J., 1990. Metal deposits in relation to plate tectonics. Minerals and rocks 17. Springer-Verlag, 461p. Schubert, C., 1984. Basin formation along the Bocon-Morn-El Pilar fault system, Venezuela. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89 (B7), 5711-5718. Stearns, D. W., 1978, Faulting and forced folding in the Rocky Mountains foreland: Geological Society of America Memoir 151, p. 1-37. Stewart, M., Strachan, R.A. & Holdsworth, R.E., 1999. Structure and early kinematic history of the Great Glen fault zone, Scotland. Tectonics 18 (2). 326-342. Sylvester, A.G., 1988. Strike-slip faults. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 100, 1.666-1.703. Tchalenko, J.S., 1970. Similarities between shear zones of different magnitudes. Geological Society of America, Bulletin 81, 1.625-1.640. Tchalenko, J.S. & Ambraseys, N.N., 1970. Structural analysis of the Dasht-e Bayar (Iran) earthquake fracture. Geological Society of America, Bulletin 81, 41-60. Thurston, D.K. & Theiss, L.A., 1991. Identification of wrench faults using subsurface structural data: criteria and pitfalls: discussion. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin 75 (11), 1.779-1.781. Tikoff, B. & Peterson, K., 1998. Physical experiments of transpressional folding. Journal of Structural Geology 20 (6), 661-672. Twiss, R.J. & Moores, E.M.,1992. Structural geology. W.H. Freeman & Co. (New York), 532p. West, J. and Lewis, R., 1982, Structure and palinspastic reconstruction of the Absaroka thrust, Anschutz ranch area, Utah and Wyoming: Rocky Mt. Association of Geologists Symposium, p. 633-639. Wilcox, E., T.P. Harding & D.R. Seely, 1973. Basic wrench tectonic. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin 57, 74-96. Woodcock, N.H., 1986. The role of strike-slip fault systems at plate boundaries. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A317, 13-29. Woodcock, N.H. & Fischer, M., 1986. Strike-slip duplexes. Journal of Structural Geology 8 (7), 725-735. Woodcock, N.H. & Schubert, C., 1994. Continental strike-slip tectonics. In: Hancock, P.L (ed.), Continental deformation. Pergamon Press (Oxford), Chapter 12, 251-263. Zolnai, G., 1988. Continental wrench-tectonics and hydrocarbon habitat. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Short Course N 2 (Nice, France).

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

10

Fuerza vs. esfuerzo

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

11

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

12

Homognea: las lneas rectas permanecen rectas despus de la deformacin y las lneas paralelas permanecen paralelas. Heterognea: las lneas rectas se transforman en curvas y las lneas paralelas pierden el paralelismo original.

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

13

Trayectorias de los nodos

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

14

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

15

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

16

Ante la aplicacin de un esfuerzo, el material puede responder: Sin deformacin evidente: Cuando no se supera el umbral de resistencia. Modificacin de la Posicin: TRASLACIN ROTACIN Modificacin interna: DEFORMACIN CONTINUA DEFORMACIN DISCONTINUA Modificacin volumtrica

Constriccin

cigarro x >> y = z

Aplastamiento

tortilla x = y >> z

Combinada
x>y>z
Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009) 17

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

18

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

19

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

20

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

21

FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN SOBRE LA DEFORMACIN Ensayos mecnicos: Uniaxiales Triaxiales Concepto de Crculo de Mohr Factores influyentes:

EMPERATURA PRESIN CONFINANTE PRESENCIA DE FLUDOS VELOCIDAD ANISOTROPA Tipos de deformacin: FRGIL Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009) DCTIL
22

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

23

Concepto del Crculo de Mohr

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

24

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

25

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

26

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

27

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

28

?
Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009) 29

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

30

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

31

Fracturacin Deformacin discontinua Comportamiento frgil Fractura (fracture) Diaclasa (joint): desplazamiento perpendicular al plano de fractura Falla (fault): desplazamiento paralelo al plano de fractura

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

32

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

33

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

34

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

35

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

36

Proyeccin sobre plano horizontal Fallamiento transcurrente dextral

Proyeccin sobre plano horizontal Fallamiento transcurrente senestral

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

37

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

38

Lneas: ejes de pliegues, interseccin de planos, paleocorrientes, estras, etc.

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

Planos: fracturas, estratificacin, etc.

39

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

40

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

41

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

42

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

43

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

44

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

45

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

46

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

47

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

48

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

49

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

50

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

51

Recomendaciones de trabajo para reconocer, evaluar e interpretar la presencia de fenmenos transcurrentes 1) Se debe trabajar siempre en tres dimensiones: es ms til realizar block-diagramas que mapas o relevamientos horizontales y perfiles aislados. 2) Tener siempre en cuenta la cuarta dimensin: el tiempo. Por ello se debe intentar reconocer las relaciones temporales de los sucesivos eventos y no involucrar necesariamente todas las estructuras a solamente una fase de deformacin. Siempre distinguir cuales son las deformaciones antiguas (heredadas) y cuales las recientes que han sido agregadas y/o modificadas de las preexistentes. 3) Se debe pensar en sentido regional. La mayora de los problemas locales difciles de resolver pueden ser mejor comprendidos considerndolos dentro del contexto regional. Por ello, no se debe mirar solo el rbol, sino tambin el bosque y no dudar en comparar con ambientes y comarcas cercanas con contextos y/oestructuras similares, aunque parezcan estar geogrficamente remotas. 4) Usar todos los mtodos posibles: recientes y antiguos y/o caros o baratos. De esta manera, tanto los mtodos potenciales (gravedad, magnetismo, etc.), como la ssmica de refraccin, geomorfologa y por ltimo y no menos importante, las observaciones de campo (indicadores cinemticos, termobarometra petrolgica, etc) proporcionarn datos fundamentales para la comprensin y/o interpretacin de las estructuras detectadas. 5) Se debern leer todos los trabajos relevantes previos. La evaluacin de todos los informes y/o mapas, incluyendo aquellos puramente cientficos como los generados por la industria contribuirn con la resolucin de los problemas aplicados. Se deber recordar que no existe informacin intil o muerta!. 6) Se procurar observar siempre la estructura del basamento litoestratigrfico o tcnico. Se intentar reconocerlo y seguirlo en todas las secciones estructurales y/o perfiles ssmicos, inclusive si es necesario reinterpretar o reprocesar la informacin previamente realizada. 7) Recordar que modelar es bueno, a veces necesario e inevitable, pero el anlisis y el razonamiento pragmtico es mejor o, al menos, insustituble. No caer en la trampa de tratamientos ultrasofisticados (aunque puedan proporcionar una gran satisfaccin intelectual) antes de que se haya exhaminado toda la informacin elemental disponible (aunque esto pueda ser aburrido). 8) Finalmente, se debe considerar en el anlisis estructural toda la informacin e ideas disponibles, pero siempre pensar independientemente- Para lo cual se deber permanecer crtico y controlado en la evaluacin de la informacin estructural y tectnica previa y recordar que, como lo pregonaba Voltaire, Si se quiere alcanzar la fuente, se debe arremeter contra

la corriente.

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

52

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

53

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

54

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

55

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

56

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

57

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

58

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

59

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

60

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

61

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

62

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

63

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

64

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

65

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

66

Colapso de la resistencia mecnica de una roca sometida a deformacin durante una historia tectotrmica

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

67

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

68

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

69

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

70

Ejercitacin

Dr. Eduardo A. Rossello rossello@gl.fcen.uba.ar

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009) 71

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

72

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

73

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

74

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

75

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

76

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

77

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

78

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

79

Dr. E.A. Rossello (2009)

80