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II B.H.M..S.
GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY( INCLUDING PARASITOLOGY,BACTERIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY) Study of pathology must be in relation with concept of Miasms as evolved by Dr. Hahnemann and further developed by Kent, Boger, obert and !llen. "oncepts of Miasm in view of pathology, reference to Koch#s postulate $mportance of susceptibility and immunity thereby homoeopathic concept of disease and cure. - "haracteristic e%pression of each Miasm. - "lassification of symptoms& disease according to pathology. - "orrelation of miasm and pathology for e.g. 'sora( inflammation etc. - )atural evolution in pathology esolution ( inflammatory e%udative Degeneration. Suppurative - $nterpretation of pathological report of all diseases and correlate the utility of it in homoeopathic system of medicine.. Similarly all the topics in general pathology and systemic pathology must be corelated, at each *uncture, so that the importance of pathology is understood by a undergraduate student in homoeopathy.

Topics of Ge e!"# P"$%o#o&' i Re#"$io (i$% Mi"s)s

$nflammation epair Healing $n*ury $mmunity Degeneration )eoplasm +hrombosis ,mbolism -edema Disturbances of 'igment Metabolism "alcium Metabolism .ric !cid Metabolism !mino !cid Metabolism /at Metabolism Hypertrophy Healing Hyperplasia !naplasia Metaplasia $schaemia Haemorrhage Shoc0 !trophy ela%ation Hyperemia $nfection 'yre%ia )ecrosis

1angrene $nfarction SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY $n each system the important and common disease should be done. By 0eeping in view its evolution, mode of presentation, progress and out come of the disease. for e.g. I A#i)e $"!' S's$e) - +ongue ( ulcer, tumour - -ral cavity ( thrush, tumour - -esophagus ( inflammatory disease, tumour - Stomach ( inflammatory disease - auto immune disease - tumour - Duodenum ( inflammatory disease, acid pepsin - Digestion - $ntestine small 2large ( ulcers, infection - +umour, malabsorption - !ppendi% ( inflammatory disease - 3iver ( inflammatory disease - tumours - cirrhosis - *aundice - 1allbladder ( inflammatory disease - tumours - 'ancreas ( inflammatory disease - tumours - "ardio vascular disease ( common disorder - "entral nervous disease ( common disorders - espiratory disorders ( common disease - Kidneys ( common disorders - tumours - urodynamics - 1enitals male 2female ( common disorder - tumours - S0eletal 2 muscular disease( common disorders - S0in ( common disorders - melanoma,etc - "linical 'athology ( complete haematology PRACTICAL HISTOPATHOLOGY "ommon teaching slide from each systems. Demonstration of gross pathological specimen, practical demonstration of histopathological techni4ues i.e. /i%ation, ,mbedding Sectioning staining by common dyes and strain /ro5en section, its importance ,lectron microscopy 'hase contrast microscopy.

*.BACTERIOLOGY Morphology, biology, sterili5ation, chemotherapy, principles of artificial media, infection, defence reaction, immunity, hypersensitiveness, s0in tests, systemic study of bacteria habits, important morphological, cultural, biochemical, serological and to%ic behavior of the common pathologic and non(pathologic species. 'athologic changes produced by diseases, bacteria and their laboratory diagnosis. Staphylococci, streptococci, diplococci, nesseria, mycobacterium tuberculosis 6 types7 mycobacterium leprrae, names and differentiation of spirochetes from pathologic mycobacterium, corynobacterium diptheriae. !erobic spores bearing bacteria 8 bacillus anthresis, anaerobes, general and special features of the pathogens. )ames of some important nonpathogens. 1rame negative, intestinal bacteria classification, identification of the pathogen salmonella, vibriae, bacterium, pasterurella, general idea about haemophiles, pseudomonas, brucella, ric0etsia, proteus, spirochaetes 8 general idea details of trepnema palladium and leptospiraictero haemorrhagica. 9iruses general characters, classification of disease, e.g. varecella, rabies, bacteriophage, Koch#s postulates. +. PARASITOLOGY, 'roto5oa(classification names of important rhi5opoda, ent. Histolytica, morphology, pathogenesis and pathogenesity, diagnosis, difference from ent. "oli, sporo5en species of plasmodia life history and pahogenesis differentiation of species. Masticophora 8 general broad morphological features classification, pathogenesis, vectors, pathology of Kala( !5ar, important features souces diseases due to balantidium coli. Helminthes 8 definition of certain terms, simple classification, difference between nematodes cestodes and treamatodes Broad differentiating morphological features and broad life history and pathogenesis of important species, cestodes and nematodes 8 infecting liver lungs, intestine and blood( general difference between schistosomes and other trematodes c. VIROLOGY, Diagnosis of infectious diseases. Host parasite relationship. Disinfectants. Mode of action 'ractical aspects of immunology i.e. application in diagnosis, passive immuni5ation . $mmunopathies in brief including !$DS. Bacteria genetics 6briefly7 -IDNEY BLADDER URETER URETHRA 1omerulo )ephritis. 'yelonephritis. +ubercular pyelonephritis )ephritic syndrome Metabolic diseases and 0idney Systemic diseases and 0idney. !cute and chronic renal failure. Kidney tumours.

 "alculi. "ystitis .reteric stricture. .rethritis specific and non(specific enal funtion test in relation to homoeopathy. CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASES, $schaemic heart disease. heumatic heart disease. Hypertension. "ardiomyopathy. $nfective endocarditis. "ongestive cardiac failure Diseases of pericardium "ardiogeneic shoc0 MALE AND .EMAL GENETALIA, +esticular tumours !cute and chronic prostates 'rostatic tumours Sterility "a penis -varian tumours /ibroids "a cervi% $nfertility ,ndometriosis and endometrium Breast inflammation and tumours RESPIRATORY DISEASES, 'ulmonary function test Bronchial asthma Bronchiectasis ,mphysema ,mpyema "orpulmonale 'neumonia Bronchogeneic carcinoma $nterstitial lung diseases. GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES, +ongue, Stomatitis, .lcers, tumours -esophagus, refle% oesophagitis +umours of oesophagus. Stomach, 1astritis, "a Stomach, 1astric .lcer

 3iver cirrhosis, Hepatitis, "a 3iver 3iver abscess 3iver function test 1all stones 'ancreas and acute and chronic pancriatitis, "a pancreas. $ntestine ulcers, Duodenal colics, "a colon and ectum +umours Mal absorption syndrome $nfections !ppendi%, acute appendicitis S-IN DISEASES, $nfection and +umours. BONE DISEASES, Sarcoma, osteoma, paget#s diseases -steomyelitis, tubercular osteomyelitis heumatoid arthritis, osteo arthritis GENERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, Meningitis pyogeneic& tubercular CEREBRO SPINAL .LUIDS 'icture of various diseases ENDOCRINE SYSTEM +hyroid, Diabetes mellitus $st paper( general , systemic pathology and Miasms $$ )D 'aper( Bacteriology, parasitology and clinical pathology /IN MAR- ALLOTMENT *00 MAR-S ONLY GIVEN AS SINGLE PAPER .OR ( EACH DIVIDED IN TO T1O SECTIONS) PATHOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY P"$%o#o&' p!"c$ic"# , ,%perimental & Microbiological spots, readings and interpretation of pathological reports. II ND B.H.M.S. .ORENSIC MEDICINE AND TO2ICOLOGY +he sub*ect is practical importance to the students of Homoeopathic medicine as Homoeopathic physicians are be employed by 1overnment in area where they may have to handle medico(legal cases, perform autopsies , apart from giving evidence in such cases. +he training in forensic medicine at present conducted is inade4uate to meet these needs. +he course consist of a series of lectures and demonstrations including *. Le&"# p!oce34!e, Definition of medical *urisprudence."ourts nd their *urisdiction 5. Me3ic"# e$%ics 3aw relating to medical registration and Medical relation between practitioners and the state, +he Homoeopethy "entral "ouncil !ct, :;<= and the "ode of ,thics under it, the practitioners and the patients, Malpractice >s covering , professional secrecy ,the practitioners and the various legislation#s 6!cts7 'rovisional and .nion such as

?or0man#s compensation !ct, 'ublic Health !ct, $n*uries !ct, "hild Marriage egistration !ct, Borstal schools !ct, Medical +ermination of 'regnancy !ct. 3unacy !ct, $ndia ,vidence !ct etc 6. .o!e sic )e3ici e ,%amination and identification of person living and dead@ parts , bones, stains, etc. health, Medicolegal @ putrification, mummification#s saponification, forms of death, causes, agencies, onset etc . !ssaults, wounds, in*uries and death by violence. !sphy%ial death, blood ,%amination, blood stains, seminal stains@ burns, lighting stro0e etc. starvation, pregnancy delivery, abortion, infanticide, se%ual crimes, insanity in relation to the state life and accident insurance. To7ico#o&' ! separate course of lectures dealing poisoning in general , the symptoms and treatment of various poisons, post 8 mortem appearance and test should be given, study of the following poisons Mineral !cid , corrosive , sublimate, arsenic, and it compound alcohol, opium and its al0aloids, carbolic acid, carbon mono%ide , carbon dio%ide. Kerosene oil, cannabis indica, cocaine, belladonna, strychnine and )u% vomica, !conite oleander, sna0e poisoning, prussic acid , lead