Archive All Download Newest Read Later Columbus day britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com Halloween britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com Thanksgiving britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.

.com Christmas Part I britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com Christmas Part II britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com St. Patrick Day britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com The Traditions Of Guy Fawkes Night novareinna.com Easter britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com Early May Bank Holiday in United Kingdom timeanddate.com Notting Hill Carnival carmenlu.com Archive All Download Newest Columbus day britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com

The second Monday of October is Columbus Day! This festivity is celebrated only in the United States and America. Why? During Christopher Columbus time people thought the world was flat. Columbus was born in Genoa, a beautiful Italian city on the north-west coast. For many years he watched ships leave the port of Genoa. He noticed that these ships seemed to go under the horizon. He was convinced that the world was round, but no one believed him. He wanted to reach the East by sailing to the West. Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain believed Columbus theory. They gave him three ships, the Santa Mara, the Nia and the Pinta to travel and test this theory. Columbus was an expert navigator. After a long and difficult voyage, he and his men reached the American continent on 12 October, 1492! The famous Italian explorer discovered the New World! After his great discovery a new area of exploration began and America was born. Today most Americans celebrate

Columbus Day with colourful parades and they elect a Columbus Day Queen. The parade is usually long with big floats dedicated to Columbus and there are other multi-cultural floats too. After the parade there is usually a dinner and dance. In San Francisco, California, there is also a re-enactment of Columbus discovery. A man dresses up as Columbus and several other men dress up as his sailors. They get into a boat and row to the beach. When they get out of their boat they kneel on the beach and thank God. Americans enjoy remembering the great navigator! britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com Halloween britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com

Halloween is celebrated on 31st October. It is an exciting event in the United States and in Great Britain. Every American calendar has Halloween marked on it. Halloween has an ancient Celtic origins. On the Celtic calendar Samhain was the last day of summer and the last day of the year, 31 st October.

The Celtic priests, called Druids, practised religious rituals and magic on Samhain. They also predicted the future. On this day the Celts made big fires and dressed in scary costumes. They wanted to frighten the evil spirits. They dressed as ghosts, skeletons and witches. They believed that ghosts came out of their tombs on the night of 31st October. Samhain also became a harvest festival after the Roman invasion of Britain in 43 AD. Christian practices replaced pagan practices. The Christians called 1st November All HallowsDay, the day of All Saints. The evening of 31st October was called All Hallowsve. This became Halloween. At Halloween American children in elementary schools take their costumes and masks to school. Typical Halloween costumes are the witch, ghost, skeleton, monster, vampire or alien. Young people have fun making their own costumes, but some prefer to buy them. In the afternoon the children put on their costumes and have a Halloween party at school. Schools are decorated with pumpkins, ghosts, witches and bats. It is popular tradition to make jack oanterns out of pumpkins. People put them in front of the windows on their homes. The jack o antern is of Celtic origin too. There are funny Halloween games such as "bobbing for apples". Favourite Halloween foods are candied apples, nuts, liquorice, popcorn and pumpkin pie. American teenagers have a Halloween party in the evening. The party is usually in the school gymnasium and everyone wears a costume and mask. The best costume usually wins a prize. The 19th century Irish immigrants took their Halloween customs to the United States. They introduced the custom of " trick-or-treating" , American and British children and teenagers go " trick-

or-treating" on Halloween evening. They go from house to house in their costumes and ring doorbells. When the door opens they shout, " Trick or treat?". People usually give them sweets or money. If not, the children play a trick! They write on windows with soap or spray shaving cream on cars and people! britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com

Thanksgiving britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com Thanksgiving is a very important American festivity and it is celebrated on the last Thursday of November. However, schools and many shops and offices are closed for four days: Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Thanksgiving is a special day for families to be together and to thank God for all they have. Americans travel great distances to be with their families on this occasion. Why is Thanksgiving such an important day? The tradition started with the Pilgrims, the founders of America. The Pilgrims left Great Britain in 1620 because of religious persecution. They wanted to start a new life in America and practise their religion in freedom. One hundred men, women and children left Britain on a small ship called the Mayflower. Their sea voyage was very difficult. Many Pilgrims died during the voyage. They arrived on the north-east coast of

North America in December 1620 and founded Plymouth. The area was a wilderness. It was almost winter and they had no homes and little food. They immediately built small homes, but it was too late to cultivate crops. The winter was very cold and harsh. Almost half of the Pilgrims died because their living conditions were very bad. The friendly Wampanoag Indians helped them during the long winter. In the spring the Pilgrims met an Indian called Squanto. He explained how to grow corn, hunt and live in the wilderness. Soon the Pilgrims and the Indians became good friends. The Pilgrims worked hard and cultivated crops. The summer harvest was excellent. By November 1621 everyone had food and a home. There was hope for the future. Governor William Bradford, the Pilgrim leader, decided to celebrate with a dinner for the Pilgrims and the Indians. He wanted to give thanks to God. This was the first Thanksgiving dinner and it lasted for three days! Today the traditional Thanksgiving meal is similar to the first. People eat roast turkey, sweet potatoes, corn, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie. Most families start the meal with a prayer. The long Thanksgiving weekend is the perfect time to start Christmas shopping! Big stores and shops are open on Friday, Saturday and Sunday for the Christmas shoppers. britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com

Christmas Part I britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com On 25 December Great Britain and the United States ( and many other countries) celebrate Christmas. The word Christmas comes from the Old English " Cristes maesse", Christ mass. On this day Christians celebrate the birth of Christ. Kindness and giving are the spirit of Christmas. Charles Dickens, the famous British writer, wrote A Christmas Carol, a story about the true meaning of Christmas. Why is Christmas celebrated on 25 December? Christmas comes from two pagan festivals. People celebrated the winter solstice on 21 and 22 December. The Roman emperors chose 25 December as the birthday of the sun ( natalis solis). After the winter solstice, the days become longer and the sun is higher in the sky. In ancient Rome this was the season of Saturnalia. Saturnalia was a time of marrymaking. During Saturnalia the Roman exchanged presents. The pagan tribes of northern Europe enjoyed a 12-day winter festival called Yule. Yule had its own traditions of Yule cakes, fir trees, holly, mistletoe and presents. Fir trees and holly are still a symbol of Christmas. Today a branch

of mistletoe in the house has another meaning: when a boy and girl meet under the mistletoe they usually kiss! The custom of kissing under the mistletoe is an ancient Celtic rite. Medieval Christmas was a long event. It lasted twelve days like the Yule festival. Celebrations started on 25 December and ended on the night of 6 January. Christmas is the biggest holiday on the American and British calendar. However, in Scotland, New Year is more important. In Great Britain and the United States people prepare for Christmas weeks before 25 December. Cities and towns are beautifully decorated with Christmas symbols; the Christmas tree, Santa Claus, colourful lights and much more. Shop windows are full of presents for everyone. People are busy buying presents. There are Santa Clauses everywhere. On street corners people sing Christmas carols. In Britain many children go carol singing with an adult. They go from house to house and sing. They usually receive money for their singing. They use this money to buy presents. There is a joyous atmosphere. Christmas today respects many of the old traditions and has added new ones. The modern Christmas tree originated in western Germany long ago. The Germans put up a fir tree in their homes and decorated it with biscuits and candles. German settlers took this tradition to North America in the 17th century. By the 19th century Christmas trees were very popular in the United States. britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com

Christmas Part II britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com In Britain the Christmas tree became popular after 1840. The German Prince Albert, Queen Victoria husband, took the Christmas tree to the British Royal Family. Soon the Christmas tree became popular all over Great Britain. There is a big tree every year in Trafalgar Square, London. Today America most famous Christmas tree is in the Rockefeller Center, New York City. The Empire State Building in New York City is one of the tallest buildings in the world. At Christmas the top of the building is iluminated with red and green lights! Today almost every Christian family has a decorated Christmas tree at home or in the garden. Some families put up the tree on Christmas Eve and others put it up at the beginning of December. Many families put a Nativity scene under the Christmas tree. St Francis of Assissi created the first Nativity scene in the 1200! Many Americans wear " Christmas clothes" during the Christmas season. These are clothes with Christmas colours and symbols. Christmas crackers are an old tradition. They were invented in London. Two people pull the cracker until it " bangs" and opens. Inside there

is usually a small present, a paper hat and a joke. In the United States there are " Christmas shops" in many cities. They sell all types of Christmas trees, ornaments and other decorations for the home. " Christmas shops" are open all year long, so you can buy your Christmas tree in June! It is usual to send Christmas cards to relatives and friends. The first Christmas card was designed in Britain by John Callcott Horsley in 1843. A thousand copies of the card were printed in London. The design was a family party with the words " A merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to you." In the mid-19th century a shop owner in Albany, New York, made a card that said: " Christmas greetings from Pease Great Variety Store". This was the beginning of the big Christmas card industry. The figure of Santa Claus comes from St. Nicholas, a 4th century Christian bishop of Asia Minor. He was famous for his generosity and kindness. The Dutch settlers of New York brought the tradition of Sinterklaas ( Santa Claus) to America. Father Christmas, or Santa Claus, is an important part of the Christmas tradition. Children write letters to him and ask for special presents. Today we see Santa Claus as an old man with a white beard, dressed in a red suit. He drives a sleigh pulled by reindeer and comes down the chimney with toys for the children. This image of Santa Claus was created by the American cartoonist Thomas Nast in 1863. American and British children put out a stocking on Christmas Eve because they hope to receive presents from Santa Claus. Then they go to bed early because they want Santa Claus to come. Many Christians go to church services at midnight and others go on Christmas

morning. Christmas presents are usually opened on Christmas morning. After Christmas dinner many families listen to the traditional Queen Speech in Britain and watch special Christmas television programmes. Children play with their new toys. In Britain some people go for a Christmas Day swim in the sea or in a lake. In Hyde Park in London some courageous people swim in the Serpentine! More about Christmas at: http://www.northpole.com/ http://www.spanishfiestas.com/spanish-festivals/christmasin-spain.htm http://www.christmas-carols.net/ britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com St. Patrick Day britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com

In the United States and Great Britain, the Irish communities celebrate St. Patrick Day on 17 March. The Irish community in the United States is very big. During the 1800 thousands of Irish immigrants went to America. They settled in all parts of the country

and took their traditions with them. Who was St. Patrick and why is he important to the Irish? St. Patrick is the patron of Ireland. He left several writings about his life and work in Ireland. Patrick was born in Britain in 389 AD. His father was a landowner and a Christian. When Patrick was 16 years old he was captured and taken to Ireland. He became a slave. After six years Patrick escaped to France by ship. There he became a priest. He returned to Ireland as a bishop in 432 AD. His missionary work was very successful. He converted most of the Irish to Christianity. He was a generous and dedicated man. He introduced the Roman alphabet to Ireland. There are legends about St. Patrick. One legend says that he banished all the serpents from Ireland. Another legend says that he used a shamrock to teach the Irish about the Trinity. Today the shamrock is still a symbol of Ireland and the Irish. St. Patrick died in 461 and his tomb at Downpatrick is a centre of pilgrimage. Today on 17 March there are big parades in most American cities in honour of the Irish. Marching bands dressed in green play lively Irish music. The Irish community organises parades and other colourful events. American and British people wear green clothing on St. Patrick Day. Most people wear a green shamrock. Many shops and restaurants are decorated with green shamrocks in honour of the Irish. britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com The Traditions Of Guy Fawkes Night novareinna.com

The Tradition of Guy Fawkes Night Guy Fawkes Night is celebrated in Britain annually on November 5th. The event is accompanied by firework displays, the lighting of bonfires and the ceremonial effigyburning of one Guy Fawkes. The origin of this celebration stems from events which took place in 1605 and was a conspiracy known as "The Gunpowder Plot," intended to take place on November 5th of that year (the day set for the opening of Parliament). The object of The Gunpowder Plot was to blow up English Parliament along with the ruling monarch, King James I. It was hoped that such a disaster would initiate a great uprising of English Catholics, who

were distressed by the increased severity of penal laws against the practice of their religion. The conspirators, who began plotting early in 1604, eventually expanded their members to a point where secrecy was impossible. One of their number, Thomas Percy (who had contacts at the Court of King James), hired a cellar beneath the House of Lords. Within this cellar were secretly stored 36 barrels (almost two tons) of gunpowder, overlaid with iron bars and firewood. The plan went awry, however, by way of a myserious letter received by Lord Monteagle on October 26th (10 days prior to the opening of Parliament). Monteagle, brother-in-law of Francis Tresham (another of the conspirators and likely author of the correspondence...although this was never proven), was urged in the letter not to attend Parliament on opening day. When the message was revealed to the First Earl of Salisbury and others, they took steps which led to the discovery of the hidden cache and the arrest of Guy Fawkes on the night of November 4th as he entered the cellar. The majority of the other conspirators, either overtaken as they attempted to flee or seized shortly thereafter, were killed outright, imprisoned or executed. While the plot itself was the work of a small number of men, it provoked hostility against all British Catholics and led to an increase in the harshness of laws against them. Even to this day, it is the law that no Roman Catholic may hold the office of monarch and the reigning king or queen remains Supreme Head of the Church of England.

A modern theory regarding the involvement of Guy Fawkes in the Gunpower Plot is that he was not trying to blow up the Houses of Parliament at all, but merely attempting to assassinate King James who, it was believed, had reneged on his promise to put a stop to the persecution of Catholics. In any event, it remains unclear whether the conspirators would have been successful in their plan, even if they had not been betrayed. Some believe that the gunpowder they were planning to use was so old as to be useless for the task. Today, one of the ceremonies which accompanies the opening of a new session of Parliament is a traditional searching of the basement by the Yeoman of the Guard. It has been said that for superstitious reasons, no State Opening of Parliament has or ever will be held again on November 5th. This, however, is a fallacy since on at least one occasion (in 1957), Parliament did indeed open on November 5th. The actual cellar employed for the storage of the gunpowder in 1605 by the conspirators was damaged by fire in 1834 and totally destroyed during the rebuilding of the Palace of Westminster in the Nineteenth Century. Also known as "Firework Night" and "Bonfire Night," November 5th was designated by King James I (via an Act of Parliament) as a day of thanksgiving for "the joyful day of deliverance." This Act remained in force until 1859. On the very night of the thwarted Gunpowder Plot, it is said that the populace of London celebrated the defeat by lighting fires and engaging in street festivities. It would appear that

similar celebrations took place on each anniversary and, over the years, became a tradition. In many areas, a holiday was observed, although it is not celebrated in Northern Ireland. Guy Fawkes Night is not solely a British celebration. The tradition was also established in the British colonies by the early American settlers and actively pursued in the New England States under the name of "Pope Day" as late as the Eighteenth Century. Today, the celebration of Guy Fawkes and his failed plot remains a tradition in such places as Newfoundland (Canada) and some areas of New Zealand, in addition to the British Isles.

The Life And Death Of Guy Fawkes The Other Co-Conspirators The Reigning Monarch

The Ceremonial Trappings Chants And Rhymes Back to Hall of Festivities novareinna.com

Easter britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com Easter is a very important Christian festivity. People celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ on the third day after his death. Easter is celebrated on the first Sunday after the full moon in March. This is between 22 March and 25 April. The origin of the English word Easter is uncertain. It probably comes from the pagan goddess of spring, Eostre. The pagans celebrated the arrival of spring with special festivals.

The Christian Easter slowly replaced the pagan festivals, but some symbols of the spring festivals remained, such as flowers, eggs, rabbits and bunnies. The tradition of the Easter basket is ancient. The pagans offered their eggs in grass baskets to the goddess Eostre. In Britain and in the United States it is usual to send Easter cards to friends and relatives. For most Christian families Easter morning begins with a church service. Some Easter services begin very clearly in the morning. Others take place out of doors in a garden or park. Easter is a time for Christians to be happy and there is special music in the churches. It is possible to hear George Frederick Handel " Messiah" during some Easter services. To celebrate Easter and the arrival of spring almost everyone wears something new: a new dress, a new suit, new shoes. Before Easter Day American and British children paint Easter eggs with bright colours and designs. Coloured eggs were exchanged at ancient spring festivals. The egg is an ancient symbol of life and fertility. The decoration of Easter eggs began in England during the Middle Ages. Members of noble families gave one another gold-covered eggs as Easter presents! On Easter Day in the United States there is the traditional Easter egg hunt in every city and town. Parents tell their children that the Easter bunny hid many eggs in the park. The children must find the hidden eggs. Eggs are hidden in the grass, in a shrub or under a tree. When the children find the eggs they put them in colourful Easter baskets. The child with the biggest number of eggs is the winner. The tradition of the Easter bunny and the basket of eggs was introduced by German immigrants long ago. On Easter Monday children roll their

eggs down a hill. Egg rolling is an ancient Easter tradition. The first egg that reaches the bottom of the hill without breaking is the winner. A famous egg-rolling contest takes place outside the White House in Washington DC on Easter Monday. The President of the United States invites children to roll eggs on the lawn of the White House. At Easter time there are chocolate eggs, chocolate bunnies and sugar eggs in all sweet shops. Some eggs are a special Easter food. They are small sweet cakes with a cross on top. This cross represents Christ death on the cross. Tha buns are usually eaten in Britain on Good Friday. In many American cities and towns there is an Easter Bonnet Parade. Girls and women with funny and bizarre Easter bonnets march in the parade. Most women make their own bonnets. There is a prize for the most original. The most famous Easter Bonnet Parade is in New York City, on Fifth Avenue. Thousands of people participate! britishandamericanfestivitiesmreina.blogspot.com Early May Bank Holiday in United Kingdom timeanddate.com Quick Facts May Day, or the Early May Bank holiday, is on the first Monday of May each year. Name Early May Bank Holiday Early May Bank Holiday 2014 Monday, May 5, 2014 Early May Bank Holiday 2015 Monday, May 4, 2015 List of dates for other years The first Monday of May is a bank holiday in the United Kingdom. It called May Day in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It is known as the

Early May Bank Holiday in Scotland. It probably originated as a Roman festival

honoring the beginning of the summer season (in the northern hemisphere). In more recent times, it has been as a day to campaign for and celebrate workers' rights. Early May Bank Holiday Maypole dancing is a popular tradition on the Early May Bank Holiday. iStockphoto.com/Thomas Sarradet What do people do? In many places, the first day or the first Monday in May is celebrated as the start of the summer season. Events are held to celebrate the end of the winter season and the fertility and hope of the approaching summer. A particularly widespread tradition is that of maypole dancing. Children, particularly girls, dance around a tall pole, from which ribbons are suspended. The aim of the dance is to create a decorative pattern on the pole with the ribbons. Many schools, particularly in rural areas, organize displays of maypole dancing.

Another traditional form of dancing, Morris dancing, is also associated with the beginning of May. This type of dancing is nearly always carried out exclusively by men who dress in white with bells on various parts of their costumes and carry scarves and long wooden sticks. The dancing is accompanied by loud accordion music. Groups of Morris dancers often hold displays on the early May bank holiday. Other traditions include making floral garlands, decorating houses with flowers and leaves and crowning a May queen as a living image of the Roman goddess Flora. In some areas, girls go out very early to wash their faces in the morning dew. This is supposed to make them very beautiful in the coming year. In Rochester, there is a festival of chimney sweeps. Traditionally, May 1 was the only day in the year that they did not have to work. In Derbyshire, villagers decorate, or dress, the wells with flowers. May 1 or the first Monday in May is also a day for large marches, particularly London, to celebrate and demand rights for workers. Many aspects of these marches are organized by the trade unions. Some people travel very large distances to join in the marches. In some years, the marches have ended violently, but in recent times they have remained peaceful. Public life The first Monday in May is a bank holiday and many people have a day off work. Many organizations, businesses and schools are closed, while stores may be open or closed, according to local custom. Public transport systems often run to a holiday timetable. Background Many types of May Day celebrations date back to fertility rituals performed in pagan times. This is particularly true of events to celebrate Flora, a Roman

goddess. Through the ages, there have been some attempts to outlaw this type of celebration, because it was seen as unchristian. However, the celebrations have been remarkably robust. In Scotland, the Early May Bank holiday has been observed on the first Monday in May since 1871, but was only introduced in the rest of the United Kingdom in 1978. In 1995 and only in that year, this bank holiday was moved to the second Monday in May (May 8) to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the allies accepting the surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany. This was the formal end of World War II and is known as VE Day. Early May Bank Holiday Observances Related holiday Summer Bank Holiday Monday, August 4, 2014, Monday, August 25, 2014 Other holidays in May 2014 in United Kingdom Yom HaAtzmaut Tuesday, May 6, 2014 Lag B'Omer Sunday, May 18, 2014 Spring Bank Holiday Monday, May 26, 2014 Isra and Mi'raj Tuesday, May 27, 2014 Ascension Day Thursday, May 29, 2014 timeanddate.com Notting Hill Carnival carmenlu.com Notting Hill Carnival history The Notting Hill Carnival takes place in London, on the last weekend in August; Carnival 2006 will be the 42nd. Rhaune Laslett, a well respected social worker in Notting Hill of the 60s, applied to hold a street carnival in Notting Hill. The area was largely populated by immigrants from Ukraine, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, the Caribbean and Africa. It suffered from high unemployment and poor housing conditions. There was an air of unrest in Notting Hill with the locals not trusting

the immigrants, resulting from a background of racial tensions and several reports of racist attacks on the West Indian community in particular. The carnival was designed to unite these people from different ethnic backgrounds in a week-long event that would culminate in an August bank holiday parade. The first carnival, in 1965, was attended by less than 1,000 people, but was a great success. For the first time Black people could express themselves freely on the streets of Notting Hill in appreciation of the music and togetherness and reminiscing of the Carnivals back home. Over the next few years, as the West Indian population in the area grew, the carnival became particularly associated with the Trinidad sounds of calypso music, which is now a central part of every carnival. The crowds grew by their tens of thousands each year. The tensions between the police and the West Indian community continued to simmer, eventually erupting in the Notting Hill carnival riots in 1976. Most of the 200,000 people at the carnival that year werent even aware of the resentment felt by the black community against the heavy-handedness of the police. Nevertheless, even riots couldnt dampen the carnival spirits for long. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s the carnival established itself as Europes largest street festival, routinely drawing crowds of more than a million people. In 2002 the carnival was given a royal seal of approval; to celebrate the Queens Golden Jubilee, the colourful procession of dancers and musicians moved down the Mall (the road which runs from Trafalgar Square to Buckingham Palace) before rejoining their regular route. The Notting Hill Carnival as we know it today was born in the 60s and has since evolved into an event that predominantly reflects the best of Black Music.

(adapted from: www.insideout.net) carmenlu.com Archive All Download Newest