Experiment No.-03 AIM : Introduction to VARIOUS SELECTION too !

"#oto!#op Mo$e Too

The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys. The move tool is located at the top right of Photoshop Toolbox. When the move tool is selected, click and drag anywhere in the image. By default, if area is selected the selection will be moved; otherwise whole layer will be moved. se this tool to, well, move things. sually you use it to move a !ayer around after it has been placed. "old the #$hift% key to limit the movements to vertical&hori'ontal.

%o& to U!e t#e Mo$e Too in Ado'e "#oto!#op

$tart a new Photoshop document or open an existing document. (dd an image or shape to your document if you don)t already have one. *ou will need to already have some sort of movable ob+ect so you can use the move tool on that ob+ect. $elect the move tool from the Photoshop toolbox. ,t is located in the top right corner and has a picture of a cursor and a four-headed arrow. .lick on an ob+ect with your mouse and drag it, while keeping your mouse button clicked down. /elease your mouse button when your ob+ect is in the location you want it to be. se the alignment of layers options in the move tool option bar when the move tool is selected to align top edges, vertical edges, bottom edges, left edges, hori'ontal edges or right edges as you like.

 .hoose from the distribution options on the move tool option bar when the move tool is selected to distribute top edges, vertical centers, bottom edges, left edges, hori'ontal centers or right edges if you would like.

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Rect*n+u *r M*r,uee Too

They are used to make geometric selections of portions of pictures. 0verything that is inside the selection will be affected by all other Photoshop tools. 1or example if you select something using the mar2uee tools, then it gets surrounded by little dashes. We use this tool to make selections on the image, in a rectangular shape. This changes the area of your image that is affected by other tools or actions to be within the defined shape. "olding the #$hift% key while dragging your selection, restricts the shape to a perfect s2uare. "olding the #(lt% key while dragging sets the center of the rectangle to where your cursor started. $imilarly there are three more mar2uee tools , these are described below in brief 3 0lliptical 4ar2uee Tool $ingle /ow 4ar2uee Tool image wide row selections. The 0lliptical 4ar2uee Tool creates elliptical selections. The $ingle /ow 4ar2uee Tool creates one pixel high and all

$ingle .olumn 4ar2uee Tool all image high column selections.

$ingle .olumn 4ar2uee Tool creates one pixel wide and

%o& to U!e t#e Rect*n+u *r m*r,uee Too in "#oto!#op

(ctivate the /ectangular mar2uee tool by clicking on the icon , or 5if the /ectangular mar2uee was not the last tool applied6 select it from the floating window. Bring the mouse cursor to the point of the image where the corner of an imaginary rectangle should be, and press the left mouse button. 7eeping the left button pressed, move the cursor diagonally to the opposite corner and release the button.

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"#oto!#op M*+ic -*nd Too

The Magic Wand tool allows you to select an area of an image based on its colour. ,t will select the block of color, or transparency, based on wherever you click. ,n the 8ptions Bar at the top, you can change the Tolerance to make your selections more&less precise.

When you click an area in an image with the magic wand, all areas which are a similar colour are selected. *et another way to select pixels is with the magic wand. When you click on an area of the image with this tool, all pixels that are the same color as the pixel you clicked will be selected. 9ouble click on the tool to set the level of

tolerance you would like 5i.e. how similar in color the pixels must be to your original pixel color. ( higher tolerance means a broader color range6.

%o& to U!e M*+ic -*nd Too in "#oto!#op

$elect the 4agic Wand tool in the Toolbox by clicking the icon .

Bring the cursor to the pixel of the image that must be included into the selection and left-click it. (s a result an outline appears around the pixel. ,t includes colors of the image similar to the color of the selected pixel according to the specified Tolerance value.

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"#oto!#op L*!!o Too

This tool is great for extracting pieces of photos that have straight edges or a semi polygonal shape to them. The Polygonal !asso Tool allows you to create straight line edges. The tool makes freehand selections, but its contour is made up of straight segments. .hoose this tool and then click at an edge of whatever you want to select.

,t is used to draw selections in whatever shape you would like. To close the selection, either click on the beginning point 5you:ll see the cursor change when you:re on it6, or +ust double-click. When holding the #.trl% key, you:ll see the cursor change, and the next time you click, it will close your selection.

%o& to U!e "o .+on L*!!o Too in "#oto!#op

$elect the Polygonal !asso tool from the Toolbox by clicking on the icon , or 5if Polygonal !asso was not the last tool applied6 select it from the floating window. Bring the cursor to any point near the ob+ect to be outlined and press the left mouse button - it)ll be the first point of the contour. 4ove the cursor to the next point of the contour not far from the first one and leftclick it again. The program will automatically draw a straight line between the two points. 7eep putting points in this way until the whole ob+ect is outlined and close the contour.

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Experiment No.-0/ AIM : Introduction to c one !t*mp *nd #e* in+ 'ru!# too !. C one St*mp Too
The .lone $tamp Tool paints with sampled pixels of an image.

Photoshop)s clone stamp tool allows you to duplicate part of an image. The process involves setting a sampling point in the image which will be used as a reference to create a new cloned area. $elect the .lone $tamp tool , then check the settings in the options bar. 4ake sure you have a brush si'e appropriate for the +ob. The following settings are fairly typical3

(ligned3 ,f this option is selected, the new cloned image will be drawn continuously even if you release the mouse button while drawing. ,f it is deselected, the clone will begin drawing from the sampling point each time you release the mouse and resume painting. se (ll !ayers3 ,f this option is selected, information will be used from all visible layers. 8therwise only the active layer will be used.

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8pen an image to your choice.

 1rom the Toolbox, choose the .lone $tamp Tool. ,n the 8ptions bar, set the tool)s tip si'e and hardness as we did it for the Brush Tool. Point the cursor at the image area you want to paint with, hold down #(lt% key, then mouse-click. *ou have +ust selected the source point for cloning. Paint with the copied pixels. The ;(ligned; gadget in the 8ptions bar 5checked by default6 forces the source point to follow your mouse, even after you complete a stroke. ,n other words, every new stroke continues the image started by the first stroke. 9eselecting the ;(ligned; option starts the sample point back to its original location every time you release the mouse button. That is, every new stroke re-starts cloning your image from the source point.

%e* in+ (ru!# Too

To retouch using sampled pixels. The "ealing Brush tool allows you to fix image imperfections such as scratches, blemishes, etc. By sampling the surrounding area or using a predefined pattern you can blend the imperfections into the rest of the image.

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,n the Toolbox, select the "ealing Brush Tool.

 $et brush si'e and style. 8n the 8ptions bar, select the sampled option. (lt-click 5click holding down #(lt% key6 somewhere on your image to define a sampling point. Paint with the "ealing Brush Tool on the damaged area. The (ligned gadget on the 8ptions bar 5not selected by default6 forces the starting point to follow your cursor, even after you complete a stroke, while leaving it off starts the sample point back to its original location at the start of each stroke.

To retouch using a pattern3 8n the 8ptions bar, select the Pattern option. .hoose a pattern from the Pattern picker 5movie6. Paint with the "ealing Brush Tool on a damaged area.

Experiment No.-00 AIM : Introduction to (ru!# *nd %i!tor. too !. (ru!# too
,f you select the Brush tool , which you can do my clicking the brush icon in the tools palette or by hitting B on your keyboard, you can simply draw by left-clicking your mouse and dragging it along. ,f you want to draw a straight line, make sure you)re holding shift at the same time. The Brush tool can basically be used to draw lines&shapes of any colour on a blank surface or image. The brush tool paints with smooth edges. The options bar looks like this3

$ettings3

Brush3 The si'e of the brush. 4ode3 The blending mode. 1or most work <ormal will be the best option. 0xperiment with other modes to see what they do. 8pacity3 (nything less than =>>? will allow the underlying image to be seen. 1low3 9etermines how 2uickly paint is applied. !ower setting produces lighter strokes.

%i!tor. (ru!# Too 1%2

This tool works +ust like the Brush Tool 5see above6 except the information that it paints with is from the original state of your image. ,f you go Window@"istory, you can see the "istory Palette. The "istory Brush tool paints with the information from whatever "istory state is selected.

%o& to U!e %i!tor. (ru!# Too in "#oto!#op

,n the Toolbox, select the "istory Brush Tool. .hoose brush si'e and style. ,n the "istory palette, select a source history state or snapshot. Paint with the selected history state. 8n the 8ptions bar you can also define o (irbrush mode o blending mode 5in the movie , choose 9issolve6 o 8pacity o 1low 5matters when the (irbrush mode is active6.

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Experiment No.-03 AIM : Introduction to %ori4ont* t.pe too .

%ori4ont* T.pe Too 1T2

The "ori'ontal Type Tool creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer. ,t makes type. 8r text. 8r whatever you want to call it. *ou can click a single point, and start typing right away. 8r you can click and drag to make a bounding box of where your text&type goes. There:s a lot of options for the Type Tool. Aust play around, it:s fairly straight-forward.

%o& to U!e %ori4ont* T.pe Too in "#oto!#op

,n the Toolbox, select the "ori'ontal Type Tool. 8n the 8ptions bar, set the font options3 family 5style6, si'e, color and anti-aliasing method. .lick on your image and type. While you are typing, the cursor looks like this, so you can ad+ust the typed text position without changing the tool. While you are typing, most of the other Photoshop functions are not available. When finished, click on any tool in the Toolbox or on a layer in the !ayers palette to apply the typing and return to the standard editing mode. To edit a previously typed text, select the proper text layer in the !ayers palette or +ust select the text with the Type Tool 5the layer has to be selected automatically6 and work like with a regular text editor.

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Experiment No.-05

AIM: Introduction to Er*!er *nd it! t.pe!.

Photoshop)s eraser tool can be found in the second group of icons in the toolbox. ,t has three variations3 0raser,Background 0raser and 4agic 0raser. The eraser is basically a brush which erases pixels as you drag it across the image. Pixels are erased to transparency, or the background colour if the layer is locked.

Er*!er Too
1This is the anti-Brush tool. ,t works like an eraser 5duh6 and erases whatever information wherever you click and drag it. ,f you:re on a !ayer, it will erase the information transparent. ,f you are on the background layer, it erases with whatever secondary color you have selected.

%o& to U!e Er*!er Too in "#oto!#op

,n the Toolbox, select the 0raser Tool. .hoose brush si'e and style. 0rase. 8n the 8ptions bar, you may also define the erasing mode, opacity, and flow.

The 0rase to "istory option allows us to use the 0raser as the "istory Brush Tool

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(*c6+round Er*!er Too

The Background 0raser Tool clears content of background layer to transparency3

%o& to U!e (*c6+round Er*!er Too in "#oto!#op

,n the Toolbox, select the Background 0raser Tool. .hoose brush si'e and style. .hoose in !ayers palette Background. 0rase. The ;$ampling; gadget in the 8ptions bar allows to select one of three erasing modes3
o o

;.ontinuous; 5default method6 allows to erase everything. ;8nce; allows erasing only color you first click on. 1or example, if you start a stoke on the red area the tool erases only red pixels. ;Background $watch; only allows erasing pixels that contain current background color.

Tolerance gadget sets the tool)s sensitivity. !imits define range of the tool3 all over image 59iscontiguous6, only ad+acent areas 5.ontiguous6 or only inside pixels 51ind 0dges6. Protect 1oreground .olor option disallows erasing pixels that contain current foreground color.

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M*+ic Er*!er Too

The 4agic 0raser Tool automatically clears continuously colored areas3

%o& to U!e (*c6+round Er*!er Too in "#oto!#op

,n the Toolbox, select the 4agic 0raser Tool. .lick on an area to erase. ;.ontiguous; checkbox on the 8ptions bar 5checked by default6 limits the tool)s range to ad+acent areas only, while deselecting it allows to erase similar pixels all over image. ,n the 8ptions bar, you can also set ;Tolerance; 5the tool)s sensitivity6 and stroke ;8pacity;. ;(nti-aliased; option smoothes edges of erased areas.

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Experiment No.-07 AIM : Introduction to S#*rpen 8 9od+e 8 "*int (uc6et *nd (urn too !. S#*rpen Too
The $harpen Tool focuses image areas3

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,n the Toolbox, select the $harpen Tool. .hoose brush si'e and style. $et the tool)s strength. 9rag on the image. ,n the 8ptions bar, you can also specify the effect)s ;4ode;

9od+e too
The 9odge Tool lightens image areas3

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,n the Toolbox, select the 9odge Tool. .hoose brush si'e and hardness. $et exposure 5stroke strength6. 9rag on the image. ,n the 8ptions bar, you can choose also the tool)s range3 $hadows, 4idtones or "ighlights.

"*int (uc6et Too

The Paint Bucket Tool fills the continuously colored area with the foreground color or pattern.

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To fill with foreground color3

,n the Toolbox, select the Paint Bucket Tool. .lick on your image to fill the area. se Tolerance field to ad+ust the tool)s sensitivity. ;.ontiguous; option limits the tool)s range to ad+acent areas. ,n the 8ptions bar you can also choose the blending mode and opacity.

To fill with pattern3

,n the 8ptions bar, choose 1ill mode ;Pattern;. ,n the Pattern picker, choose a pattern sample. .lick on your image to fill the area.

(urn Too
The Burn Tool darkens image areas3

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,n the Toolbox, select the Burn Tool. .hoose brush si'e and hardness. $et exposure 5stroke strength6. 9rag on the image. 8n the 8ptions bar you can choose also the tool)s range3 $hadows, 4idtones or "ighlights.

Experiment No.-0: AIM: Introduction to "*tc# *nd "enci too !. "*tc# too
The Patch Tool retouches image using sampled pixels or pattern.,t works as a combination of the "ealing Brush with the !asso Tool3

%o& to U!e "*tc# Too in "#oto!#op

,n the Toolbox, select the Patch Tool. 9rag in 5select6 a damaged area with the Patch Tool 5exactly like with !asso Tool6 8n the 8ptions bar, choose the $ource mode. 9rag the selection 5cursor inside the selection6 onto a repair-source area 5movie6.

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"enci too
Pencil is a freehand painting tool. nlike Brush, it can)t have soft edges.

%o& to U!e "enci Too in "#oto!#op

,n the Toolbox, select the Pencil Tool. .hoose brush si'e and style. $elect color. Paint. 8n the 8ptions bar, you can also define blending mode 5on animation , choose "ue6 and 8pacity.

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Experiment No.-;0

AIM: Concept o) *.er! in "#oto!#op.

!ayers are the fundamental means of organi'ing a drawing in Photoshop. They allow you to place multiple images into the same drawing while still maintaing the ability to edit each layer independently. !ayers are a very important part of graphics work. ,f you have never used layers before, make the effort to learn how they work B you will probably find that it revolutionises the way you approach graphics and images. ( photoshop image file 5.psd6 can be made up of numerous independent layers which are overlaid on top of each other. ,n the example shown here, a single image file is made up of three layers.

(ny part of a layer which contains no image information is transparent, so layers below are visible in these areas. 0ach whole layer can also have different opacity settings, so some layers can be partially or completely transparent. The three layers in our example are a photograph, a lower third graphic and a text key. The che2uered areas contain no information 5so they are transparent6.

The main thing to note about layers is that each layer can be edited without affecting any other layer. ,n the example above, you could change the graphic or text at any time without disturbing the photograph. *ou could also re-use the same graphic layer with different photos, or re-use the graphic with different text.

There are so many advantages of working with layers that it)s difficult to summari'e them, but here are a few things you)ll love3

*ou can separate parts of the image and edit them without affecting other parts of the image. *ou can use layers as guides or reference without including them in the final image 5+ust make them transparent before saving the image6. *ou can safely import new images to add to the composition. 4ove the new image around, resi'e it and do whatever you like without damaging the original image. *ou can create multiple versions of a layer and experiment with different effects. *ou might like to keep an original image and make a separate layer to work with, so you always have the original image layer to fall back on. *ou can apply filters and effects to layers independently, e.g. drop-shadow, colour ad+ustments, etc.