TRANSMISSION PLAN

Transmission Systems
- UHF
- MARR
- Microwave
- Satellite
- Digital Coaxial
- OFC
- New Transmission Systems etc.
 Local TAX Trans
MUX. Eqpt.
Exchange

Tel.
TRANSMISSION PLAN

1. Transmission Loss Plan

2. Transmission Noise Plan

3. Error Performance Plan

1. Transmission Loss Plan
Telephone instrument should meet the following Reference
Equivalents.
Minimum SRE 3 dB
Minimum ORE 2 dB
Maximum ORE 13 dB
Junction Loss
- From Digital Local Exchange to Input of TAX should be 3.5 dB.
- From tandem exchange to TAX/Tandem should be on
transmission media (4W) with 0 dB loss.
- Between two local exchanges (for local calls) should not
exceed 9dB.
- Between local exchange and tandem exchange (including
hybrid loss) should not exceed 4.5 dB.
- Local PCM system should be lined up for following losses.
2W switch to 2 W switch 3 dB
2 W switch to 4W switch 3.5 dB
- Analog long distance circuits should be lined up for 4W to 4W
with 0 dB loss.

- The loss between MUX centre and local exchange/TAX should

not exceed 1 dB. (Preferably they should be collocated).

- Relative level of channel at 4W point is -3.5 dB.

- The traffic weighted mean ORE for the connection with these
will be 14-16 dB and will meet the CCITT objectives.
2. Transmission Noise Plan :
The following noise limits for analog circuits should be used :
Distance Commissioning Maintenance Usable Limit
Limit (dBmop) Limit (dBmop) (dBmop)
(a) Terrestrial Circuits
1- 160 km -58 -55 -52
161 - 320 km -55 -52 -49
321 - 640 km -53 -50 -47
641 - 1000 km -51 -48 -45
1001- 2500 km -49 -46 -43
2501- 5000 km -46 -43 -41
(b) Satellite Circuit -50 -48 -46
maintenance
Others -47 -45 -43
3. Error Performance Plan (Digital System)

The digital transmission will have following three grades for

different applications :

(i) High grade - Above level 1 TAXs (Digital

Microwave, Coaxial and Optical Fibre).
(ii) Medium grade - Between level 1 TAX and local
exchanges (Digital Microwave, Coaxial,
Optical Fibre, cable PCM and UHF).
(iii) Local grade - Between local exchange and subscriber
(Digital MARR, digital subscriber,
VHF and subscriber PCM)
Hypothetical Reference Connections (HRX)-CCITT Rec. G.801
A Digital HRX is a model for formulation of Standards. HRX is of
27500 Km. of length., which includes two lengths of 1250 km.
of local and medium grade circuit and 25000 km. high grade
circuit.
27500 KM
1250 KM 25000 KM 1250 KM
LOCAL INTERNATIONAL NATIONAL
NATIONAL LOCAL
15% 15% 40% 15%

T INTERFACE
THE INTERNATIONAL MODEL LINK
FIGURE G.1
Hypothetical Reference Digital Section (HRDS)- Rec. G.801
For HRDS a length of 2500km is considered as suitable distance.
Lengths of 280 km & 50 km have been chosen to be representative
of digital sections likely to be encountered in real operational
networks.
Unavailable Time:
BER in one second is worse than 1x10-3 for a period of 10
consecutive seconds.
Degraded Minutes:
SES are excluded from the available seconds of observation and
the remaining second intervals are grouped into packets of 60. No.
of such packets which contain more than 4 errors are degraded
minutes.
Severely Error Seconds
Within the available seconds, such of those seconds which have
more than 64 errors, are defined as SES.
Errored Seconds:
Those seconds which contain at least one error in each second,
within the available seconds.
The reference performance objective, commissioning limits
and maintenance limits for 64 Kb/s digital section should be
met for different grade of circuits.

High Grade
 Degraded Errored Severely Severely Err.
Minutes Seconds Errored Seconds Seconds Opt.
(DM) (ES) Microwave Fibre
(SES) (SES)
Performance 0.400 0.320 0.054 0.0400
objective (2500
km)
Performance 0.045 0.036 0.006 0.00045
objective (280
km)
Commissioning 0.023 0.018 0.003 0.00023
limits (280 km)
Maintenance limits

< 625 km 0.075 0.06 0.01 0.00075

626-125 km 0.15 0.12 0.02 0.0015

1251-1875 Km 0.225 0.18 0.03 0.00225

1976-2500 km 0.3 0.24 0.04 0.0030
The values given above are in percentage.
Medium Grade

Medium Grade Circuit will consist of class 1 (Systems include

coaxial cable and fibre optic systems of various bit rates and
34 Mb/s and 140 Mb/s digital - microwave systems).
The limits for class 1 systems will be same as for High Grade
Circuits.
The limits for class 3 and 4 systems will be :
 Class 3 Class 4

Errored Severely Errored Severely

Seconds Errored Seconds Errored
(ES) Seconds (ES) Seconds
(SES) (SES)
Performance 0.16 0.006 0.40 0.015
Objective (50 km)
Commissioning 0.08 0.003 0.20 0.008
limit (per hop)
Maintenance limit

< 50 km 0.12 0.0045 0.30 0.0115

51-100 0.24 0.0090 0.60 0.0230
101-150 km 0.36 0.0135 0.90 0.0345
Note : For Digital UHF systems in 400 and 600 MHz frequency band
Degraded Minutes (DM) not prescribed now.
Local Grade

ES SES

Performance 1.2 0.0150 Notes :1. Class 3 systems include

objective 120 channel UHF.
Commissioning 0.6 0.0075 2. Class 4 systems include
limit 30 channel and 10 channel
UHF
Maintenance limit 0.9 0.0110 3. Local grade systems
include Digital MARR,
Digital subscriber and
subs. cable PCM systems.
Satellite System
DM ES SES

Performance objective 2.0 1.6 0.030

Commissioning limit 1.0 0.8 0.015
Maintenance limit 1.5 .12 0.023
Other Impairments :
Other items influencing the quality of a telephone connections are :
(a) Cross-talk
(b) Side tone.
(c) Attenuation distortion.
(d) Group Delay distortion.
(e) Frequency shift.
(f) Propagation time.
(g) Impulse noise
(h) Phase jitter
(i) Non-linearity of amplitude distortion
(j) Gain/Phase change
(k) Quantizing distortion
(l) Single tone interference
CCITT has recommended values for these. Equipment’s should
conform to CCITT recommendations for these parameters.