SYLLABUS

I.

Stress
Normal Stress Simple Shearing Stress Bearing Stress Thin-walled Pressure Vessels

Examples on Normal, Simple Shearing and Bearing Stress

II.

Strain
Axial Strain Thermal Strain Simple Shearing Strain

III.

Torsion
Torsional Stress and Strain Power-Torque Concept Structural Connections Helical Springs Thin-walled Tubes

SYLLABUS
IV.

Shear and Moment on Determinate Beams

Beam Types Beam Shear and Bending Moment Beam Shear and Bending Moment Equations and Diagrams Moving Loads

V.

Stresses in Beams
Flexural Stress Flexural Shearing Stress Shear Flow Floor Framing Beam Analysis Methods
Double Integration Method Area-Moment Method Unit Load Method Conjugate Beam Method Three-Moment Method Moment Distribution Method

STRESS
Stress is force intensity per unit area. The strength of a material is quantified through its stress capacity how large of a force a certain area can withstand. In other words, the larger the force a unit area can resist, the higher the materials strength.

Normal Stress
Normal or Simple Stress, , is caused by a force that acts perpendicular to the area resisting the force. = dF/dA ave = F/A
centroid

Area, A

Force, F Normal Stress,

Normal Stress
Non-uniform stress distributions occur at sections near the point load application and at varied cross-sections.

By Saint Venants principle, the stress due to a point load and the stress due to an equivalent pressure causes similar stress distributions at a certain distance from the point of application.

Normal Stress
Normal Stress, , may also be termed axial stress if the force acts along the longitudinal axis of the member (as in truss members). By character, members may experience either tensile stress or compressive stress. Compressive Stress towards the body

Tensile Stress away from the body

Simple Shearing Stress

Simple Shearing Stress, , is caused by a force that is parallel to the area resisting the force. = dF/dA ave = F/A
Area, A

Force, F

Simple Shearing Stress

Simple Shearing Stress, , also called tangential stress, occurs whenever a load causes one body to slide past its adjacent section.
Area, A

Force, F

Simple Shearing Stress

Here are the common types of simple shear in stressed bodies. Single Shear resisting area on one plane Example
Area, A

rivet

Force, F

Simple SimpleShearing ShearingStress Stress

Here are the common types of simple shear in stressed bodies. Double Shear resisting area on two planes Area, A Example
rivet

Force, F

Simple Shearing Stress

Here are the common types of simple shear in stressed bodies. Punching Shear resisting area is non-planar Example
Force, F

Area, A (cylindrical surface area)

Bearing Stress
Bearing Stress, b, occurs as contact pressure between separate bodies, compressive in nature.
Force, F Body 1

Body 2

Bearing Stress, b

Example
PROBLEM NO. 1

Determine the largest weight, W, which can be supported by the two wires. The stresses in wires AB and AC are not to exceed 100 MPa & 150 MPa, respectively. Wire AB has a cross-sectional area of 400 mm2 and 200 mm2 for wire AC.

B 30 A 45

Example
PROBLEM NO. 2
P

The bars of the pin connected frame are each 30mm x 60mm in section. Determine the maximum load P that can be applied without exceeding the following stresses: 100 MPa in tension 80 MPa in compression

10

Example
PROBLEM NO. 3

A steel tube is rigidly attached between an Al rod and a bronze rod as shown. Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. Find the maximum value of P that will not exceed a stress of 80 MPa in Al; 150 MPa in steel; or 100 MPa in bronze.
1.0 m 2.0 m 2.5 m

Al
200 mm2

Steel
400 mm2

Bronze
500 mm2

Example
PROBLEM NO. 4
P = 50 KN

The end chord of a timber truss is framed into the bottom chord as shown. Neglecting friction, (a) compute dimension b if the allowable shearing stress is 900 KPa & (b) determine dimension c so that bearing stress does not exceed 7 MPa.

b c

30

Example
PROBLEM NO. 5
Two blocks of wood 50-mm wide & 20-mm thick are glued together as shown. Determine the shear load and the shearing stress on the glued joint if P=6000 N (b) generalize the procedure to show that the shearing stress on a plane inclined at an angle to a transverse section of area A is = (Psin2)/(2A).
glued
50 mm 20 mm 60

Example
PROBLEM NO. 6
The bell crank shown is in equilibrium. Determine the required diameter of the connecting rod AB if its axial stress is limited to 100 MPa. Determine the shearing stress in the pin at D if its diameter is 20 mm.
A B

200 mm 240 mm

D 60

Example
PROBLEM NO. 7
Two 130-mm wide plates are fastened by three 20 mm dia. rivets. Assuming that P = 50 KN, determine: (a) the shearing stress in each rivet; (b) the bearing stress in each plate; (c) the maximum average tensile stress in each plate. Assume that the applied load P is distributed equally among the rivets.
50 KN 50 KN

25 mm

Example
PROBLEM NO. 8
The figure shows a W460x97 beam is riveted to a W610x125 girder by two 100x90x10mm angles with 19mm diameter rivets. The web of the girder is 11.9mm thick and the web of the beam is 11.4 mm thick. Determine the allowable end reaction.
shop-driven rivets (angles to beam) = 80 MPa ; b = 170 MPa field-driven rivets (angles to girder) = 70 MPa ; b = 140 MPa

Example
PROBLEM NO. 8

W610x125 girder Web thickness = 11.9mm

W460x97 beam Web thickness = 11.4mm