ENGINEERING MECHANICS DYNAMICS

Engineering mechanics is the science that deals with the state of rest or motion of bodies under the action of forces. It is further divided into mechanics of rigid bodes, deformable bodes and fluids. Dynamics : deals with bodies in motion. This is further divided to kinetics and kinematics. Kinetics : deals with the relation between force acting on a body, the mass of the body and motion of the body. Kinematics : is the study of displacement, velocity and acceleration without considering the force causing the motion. Types of motion : Rectilinear motion : When a particle moves in a straight line then it is called as rectilinear motion. Curvilinear motion : If the particle traces a curve, then curvilinear motion. If the curve lies in a plane, then it is called as plane curvilinear motion. Uniform motion : A particle in this case should move with a constant velocity and ero acceleration Uniformly accelerated motion : A particle moving with a constant acceleration is called as uniformly accelerated motion. Derivation: Acceleration !a" # $ate of change of velocity with respect to time # dv % dt &elocity !v" # $ate of change of distance with respect to time # d' % dt a # dv % dt # d(' % dt( a # dv % dt # ! dv % d' " ' !d' % dt " # v dv % d' Eq ation of motion :
)

*' # ma'

*y # may *' is the resultant of all forces acting along the ' a'is. *y is the resultant of all forces acting along the y a'is.

Motion !it" niform acce#eration :

+ere ,a, is constant. +ence a # dv % dt dv # a.dt ! Integrating on both sides, within their limits " - dv # - a dt ! v . u " # at

v$

% at

v # d' % dt d' # v dt /ubstituting the value of v d' # ! u 0 at " dt ! Integrating on both sides, within their limits " - d' # - ! u 0 at " dt # ut 0 1 at( & $ t % ' at(

a # v dv % d'

a d' # v dv ! Integrating on both sides, within their limits " a - d' # - v dv a' # 1 &( . 1 2( &( # u( 0 (a' Eq ations of )ynamic eq i#i*ri m :
) )

*' 0 ! . ma' " # 3 *y 0 ! . may " # 3 The value ! . ma' " and ! . may " is called as inertia force or 4, Alembert force.

C rvi#inear motion : The direction of acceleration and velocity may not be the same in curvilinear motion. There are two components of acceleration. They are tangential component ! at " and normal component ! an " Tangential component : at # dv % dt It is e5ual to the rate of change of speed of the particle. It is positive and is along the direction of tangent of the motion. Normal component : an # v( % 6 It is the ratio of s5uare of velocity and radius of curvature of the part at that point. The directions is towards the centre of curvature of the path. This is also called as the centripetal ! centre seeking " acceleration. a # 7 ! at( 0 an( " 4irection 8 # Tan.9 ! an % at " Imp #se :

When a large force acts on a body for a small interval of time then that force is called as impulse force. It can be visuali ed as the area under the force &s time diagram. Moment m : consider the motion of particle of mass ,m, acted by a force *. Then the e5uation of motion in a generali ed from is given as * # ma # m ! dv % dt " # d ! mv " % dt Thus the force acting on a particle is e5ual to the rate of change of momentum of the particle. The 5uantity mv is called as momentum. It unit is :s. Conservation of Moment m : When the sum of impulses due to e'ternal forces is e5ual to ero, the momentum of the system remains conserved. E#astic *o)ies : Impact : The phenomenon of collision of ( bodies which occurs for a short period of time, during which the two bodies e'ert a very large force on each other. Line of Impact : The common normal to the surface of two colliding bodies is called line of impact. Central / Non-central impact : The centers of body m9 and m( coincide with ;ine of impact, hence called as central impact. Direct / Indirect !"li#ue $ impact : If the velocities of two bodies are collinear with line of impact before collision, then is called as direct impact. Coefficient of restitution : It is the ratio of the velocity of separation and velocity of approach. +ro,ecti#e : Any motion which is given <ust a initial velocity and after which its motion is influenced by acceleration due to gravity is called as pro<ectile. ;astly updated on -