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INTRODUCTION
1. Modes of Transportation 2. Benefits of Pipelines 3. Stages of pipeline project 4. Pipeline design 5. Tank design

1. Modes of Hydrocarbon Transportation

Pipelines Road Tankers Rail Tankers Water Carriers

2. Benefits of Transportation by Pipelines

Safer mode of transportation Environment friendly Least energy requirement Lowest maintenance costs Minimal impact on land use pattern Negligible loss of product in transit High reliability Multi-product Transportation

Energy Savings

Pipelines are the most energy efficient modes of

transportation

Transmission losses

Transmission losses are lowest in Pipelines

Products Transported
Crude Oil Petroleum Products Water & Effluents LPG Natural Gas Slurries

Types of Pipelines
ONSHORE (LAND) & OFFSHORE (SUBMARINE) PIPELINES Trunk Pipelines Spur/ Branch Pipelines Marine Offloading Terminals & Outfalls

Capital cost: Typical breakup

3. Stages of Pipeline Project

Conceptualization
Establish Requirement Evaluate Alternatives Finalize the Concept

Feasibility Study
Pipeline Route Study and Selection Hydraulic Studies and Optimization Establish Project Cost Project Implementation Scheme Environmental Impact Assessment & Risk Analysis

Stages of Pipeline Project

Basic Engineering
Process Design and Sizing Optimization Studies Route Surveys and Investigations

Detailed Engineering
Engineering Design Basis Route Engineering and Engineering Analysis Specifications and Job Standards Engineering for Procurement Installation Engineering and Construction Procedures

LIST OF SOFTWARES USED IN PIPELINE ENGINEERING

CAESAR-II AUTOPIPE IPMCS MRPACK SORPS PIPECALC OFFPIPE PRISE PIPECROSS PIPELINE STUDIO HYSIS

4. PIPELINE DESIGN
Optimal sizes of various capacities Route Selection Material Selection & Corrosion Control Design and Analysis Steel Pipe Wall Thickness Calculation Line Pipe Selection Anti-corrosive Coatings Installation, Testing & Commissioning

Route Selection
Routing Considerations
Pipeline length Obstructions & Sensitive areas Installation Limitations Crossings

Surveys
Topographical Geo-technical Population Density Index Soil Resistivity Cadastral

Material Selection & Corrosion Control

Assessment
Nature of the Product Design Life Product Temperature

Materials
Carbon Steel (CS) NACE Carbon Steel CRA Clad CS CS with internal Coatings Non-Metallic Materials

Corrosion Protection
Material Chemistry Internal Coatings Product Conditioning Corrosion inhibitors Corrosion Allowance

Design and Analysis

Wall Thickness Calculations Anti-Buoyancy Measures Piping Stress Analysis Buried Pipeline Analysis Crossing Design

Steel Pipe Wall Thickness Calculation

Line Pipe Selection

Line Pipe Selection Parameters
Thickness and Grade Selection Handling and Transportation (d/t ratio) Type of LinePipe Installation Requirements

Type of Line Pipes

Seamless Electric Welded Longitudinal Seam Submerged-Arc Welded (LSAW) Helical Seam Submerged-Arc Welded (HSAW)

Line Pipe Application

Submarine Pipelines
Seamless Pipes (upto & including 16) LSAW Pipes (18 & above)

Onshore
Seamless Pipes (upto & including 8) LSAW Pipes (16 & above) HSAW Pipes (18 & above) Pipelines EW Pipes (4 - 18)

Manufacturing of Helical Pipes

Anti-corrosive Coatings
Coal Tar Enamel Coating (BS 4164, AWWA C203)
Primer Two layers of coal tar enamel & glass fibre Inner wrap One layer of coal tar impregnated outer wrap Coating thickness 4.7mm First layer of Fusion bonded epoxy Second layer of extruded adhesive Third layer of extruded PE/ PP Coating thickness 2.0 to 3.7 mm

3 Layer PE/ PP Coating (DIN 30670)

Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating (CSA Z245.20)

350-500 micron thick single layer coating 600-800 micron thick dual layer coating

Major Pipeline Components

Line Pipe & Coatings Scraper Traps & Pig Signallers

Long Radius (LR) Bends

Major Pipeline Components

Insulating Joints Flow Tees Sectionalizing Valves Pumps / Compressors Filters & Meters

Major Engineering Deliverables

Design Reports
Design Basis Route Selection Report Wall Thickness Report Seismic Design Report Crossing Design Report

Drawings
Route Map Pipeline Schematic Alignment Sheets SV Station Layout Equipment Layout Piping General Arrangement Drawings

Alignment Sheets

Installation, Testing & Commissioning

Installation, Testing & Commissioning

Installation, Testing & Commissioning

Pipeline Crossings

Testing & Commissioning

Pigging

Chiu di 370 km ng knh ca ng l 26 inch v l loi ng ng hai pha. Cng sut vn chuyn theo thit k 19,8 triu m3 kh/ngy (khong 7 t m3 kh/nm) Tng gi tr u t: 450m USD