INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR PHANTOM LOAD MODEL PA-2505 & PA-2505K

It is essential that this instruction book be read thoroughly before putting the equipment in service 4271 Bronze Way Dallas Texas 75237-1088 USA Phone (214) 330 3201

Revision History Revision 0 1 2 ECN Number Initial Release 28917 30834 Date 2-7-01 1-30-08

IMPORTANT The information and data contained within this instruction manual are the proprietary with Megger. The equipment described herein may be protected by one or more US letters patent. Megger specifically reserves to itself all rights to such proprietary information as well as all rights under any such patent, none of which is waved by submission of this instruction manual to anyone. The recipient, if a Government agency acknowledges that this instruction book and the equipment described were procured with Limited Rights to technical data as described to ASPR 0-203 (b). Copyright Megger , 2008.

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Contents
INTRODUCTION TO TESTING WATTHOUR METERS....................................................................... I INTRODUCTION TO TESTING WATTHOUR METERS II ...............................................................II CHARTS / TABLES .................................................................................................................................. 1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS......................................................................................................................... 6 THEORY OF OPERATION....................................................................................................................... 7 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS.......................................................................................................... 9 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS .............................................................................................................. 10 SERVICE AND REPAIR DATA............................................................................................................. 13 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM ....................................................................................................................... 15

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 CHARTS/TABLES
CONSTANT TABLE FOR REFERENCE STANDARDS WITH BASIC Kh OF 6/10 Constant For Potential Coil Of: 240 Volts 0.24 0.36 1.2 3.0 3.6 12.0

Current Coil Amperes 1 1.5 5 12.5 15 50

120 Volts 0.12 0.18 0.6 1.5 1.8 6.0

480 Volts 0.48 0.9 2.4 6.0 7.2 24.0

CONSTANT TABLE FOR REFERENCE STANDARDS WITH BASIC Kh OF 1/3 Constant For Potential Coil Of: 240 Volts 2/15 1/5 2/3 1-2/3 2 6-2/3

Current Coil Amperes 1 1.5 5 12.5 15 50

120 Volts 1/15 1/10 1/3 5/6 1 3-1/3

480 Volts 4/15 2/5 1-1/3 3-1/3 4 13-1/3

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Reference Standard
Reference Standard Meter Under Test Rated Number of or Stators Test Amps 2.5 1 5.0 1 15.0 1 Kh = 0.6 on 120 Volt, 5 Amp Coils Full Load (100%) Rev. Rev. Std. Std. current Mtr. Coil 5.0 5.0 12.5 15.0 12.5 15.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 5.0 5.0 12.5 15.0 50.0 5.0 5.0 12.5 15.0 50.0 5.0 5.0 12.5 15.0 50.0 20 20 20 20 10 10 20 20 20 20 10 10 10 10 20 10 10 10 10 20 10 10 10 10 10.00 20.00 24.00 20.00 20.00 16.67 12.00 20.00 24.00 20.00 20.00 24.00 20.00 12.00 20.00 20.00 24.00 20.00 12.00 15.00 15.00 18.00 15.00 9.00 Light Load (10%) Rev. Rev. Std. Std. Current Mtr. Coil 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2.50 5.00 15.00 25.00 6.00 10.00 12.00 5.00 10.00 30.00 5.00 10.00 30.00 12.00 3.75 7.50 22.50 9.00

120V

Kh 240V

0.3 0.6 1.8 3.0

0.6 1.2 3.6 6.0 7.2 12.0 14.4 2.4 4.8 14.4 28.8 3.6 7.2 21.6 43.2 3.6 7.2 21.6 43.2

30.0 (or 50) 2.5 5.0 15.0 30.0 2.5 5.0 15.0 30.0 2.5 5.0 15.0 30.0

--6.0 1.2 2.4 7.2 14.4 1.8 3.6 10.8 21.6 1.8 3.6 10.8 21.6

2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4

The above data are based on single-phase test, series connection.

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Reference Standard Meter Under Test Rated Number of or Stators Test Amps 2.5 1 5.0 1 15.0 1

Kh = 1/3 on 120 Volt, 5 Amp Coils Full Load (100%) Rev. Rev. Std. Std. current Mtr. Coil 5.0 5.0 12.5 15.0 12.5 15.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 5.0 5.0 12.5 15.0 50.0 5.0 5.0 12.5 15.0 50.0 5.0 5.0 12.5 15.0 50.0 20 20 20 20 10 10 20 20 20 20 10 10 10 10 20 10 10 10 10 20 10 10 10 10 18.00 36.00 43.20 36.00 36.00 30.00 21.60 36.00 43.20 36.00 36.00 43.20 36.00 21.60 36.00 36.00 43.20 36.00 21.60 27.00 27.00 32.40 27.00 16.20 Light Load (10%) Rev. Rev. Std. Std. Current Mtr. Coil 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4.50 9.00 27.00 45.00 10.80 18.00 21.60 9.00 18.00 54.00 9.00 18.00 54.00 21.60 6.75 13.50 40.50 16.20

Kh 120V 240V

0.3 0.6 1.8 3.0

0.6 1.2 3.6 6.0 7.2 12.0 14.4 2.4 4.8 14.4 28.8 3.6 7.2 21.6 43.2 3.6 7.2 21.6 43.2

30.0 (or 50) 2.5 5.0 15.0 30.0 2.5 5.0 15.0 30.0 2.5 5.0 15.0 30.0

--6.0 1.2 2.4 7.2 14.4 1.8 3.6 10.8 21.6 1.8 3.6 10.8 21.6

2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4

The above data are based on single-phase test, series connection.

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WATTHOUR METER ACCURACY CALCULATOR When using a rotating standard, the accuracy of the meter under test can be evaluated using the formula
R1 A= R 100

R1 = R=

calculated number of revolutions of rotating standard for 100% accuracy actual number of revolutions of rotating standard during the test

The following scales give the percent accuracy (A, lower level) for various actual number of revolutions (R, upper scale). Calculated numbers of revolutions (R1) are listed to the left of each scale.

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SAFETYPRECAUTIONS
Please read all manuals carefully and completely prior to using this unit. Read and understand all safety, caution and operation instructions before attempting to use this unit. Should a situation arise that is not covered in the general or specific safety precautions, contact your local Megger representative or Megger, Dallas, Texas. Repairs should be made with the unit disconnected from the power source. Should repair or adjustment of energized equipment be required, under no circumstance should the work be done alone. Additional personnel should be present to render aid if required. Many Megger units have a separate chassis grounding point, check to ensure it is properly grounded. Most adjustments can be made with one hand, keep the other hand free and clear of the unit. When using a test meter, if the meter is not insulated, ground the meter case prior to taking measurements. CAUTION: THIS PHANTOM LOAD UTILIZES A TRANSFORMER LOADING PRINCIPLE WITH THE SECONDARY OF THE CURRENT TRANSFORMER BEING THE OUTPUT OF THE DEVICE, AS WITH ALL CURRENT TRANSFORMERS, WHEN CONNECTING LEADS TO THE METER, DO NOT OPEN THE CIRCUIT WITHOUT FIRST TURNING THE CURRENT OFF OR DAMAGE TO THE PHANTOM LOAD MAY RESULT.

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THEORYOFOPERATION
DISCRIPTION OF CONTROLS 3A FUSE 3/4A FUSE Provides overload and short circuit protection for the test set. Located internally, this fuse provides additional overload and short circuit protection to the 480 volt input circuit of the phantom load. Selects the desired range of full load or light load test current that will be applied to the meter under test and to the current coils of the reference standard. Selections are arranged so that full loads and corresponding light load values (10% of full load) are side by side to minimize switching. Allows the output current to be switched off without disturbing any settings. Adjusts the output current of the Phantom Load from Zero to the maximum value as selected by the TEST CURRENT SWITCH. Used to compensate for variations of load impedance in the testing circuit. Normally used in the low position, this switch would be changed to high whenever the desired test current could not be obtained with the CURRENT CONTROL in the full clockwise position. Determines whether the full load tests current is at either unity (1.0) or 50% (0.5) power factor. Measures the value of output current. Appropriate full scale range is simultaneously selected by the TEST CURRENT SWITCH. The meter scale of the phantom load reads from "0 to 1.0'' so that the actual measured current is equal to the reading of the meter times the setting of the 'TEST CURRENT SWITCH. For example: If the TEST CURRENT. SWITCH is in the 50 amp position and the meter reads 0.6, the actual output current is 30 amperes (50 X 0.6 = 30).

TEST CURRENT SWITCH

OUTPUT ON/OFF SWITCH

CURRENT CONTROL

BURDEN SWITCH

POWER FACTOR SWITCH

AMMETER

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CURRENT TERMINALS

Five output CURRENT TERMINALS (, 50, 15, 5 and 2.5 amp) eliminate lead changing when used in conjunction with a reference standard having multiple current coil terminals (such as the General Electric type IB-10, Sangamo type J-44 or States type SSS-50 solid-state standard). The test set can operate from any of the five rated input and the common () POTENTIAL TERMINALS. Connect the input to the common () terminal and the line voltage being used to the properly rated terminal.

POTENTIAL TERMINALS

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INSTALLATIONINSTRUCTIONS
REFERENCE STANDARD AND PHANTOM LOAD Set a reference standard near the phantom load. Connect the current and potential leads to the reference standard as illustrated in the CONNECTION DIAGRAMS and as outlined below: CURRENT CIRCUIT 1. Connect the long, red, heavy lead to the terminal on the phantom load and the long, black, heavy kid to the or 0 terminal of the standard. 2. Connect the short, heavy lead from the 50 ampere terminal of the phantom load to the appropriate current coil of the reference standard. 3. Connect the short, light leads from the remaining CURRENT TERMINALS of the phantom load to the matching current terminals of the reference standard. POTENTIAL CIRCUIT Connect the combination input power / potential click switch leads to the potential terminals of the reference standard and the POTENTIAL TERMINALS located along the left edge of the phantom load. Be sure to observe polarity and to use the properly rated terminal of the phantom load for the line voltage being utilized. If the reference standard being used is the solid state type, connect the auxiliary power leads as shown on the connection diagram. During testing it will be necessary to set the voltage selector switch of the reference standard to the appropriate test potential being used. LINE CIRCUIT Connect the potential (input) leads from the phantom load to the line as illustrated on the connection diagram. Be certain the potential select switch of the reference standard matches the line voltage.

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OPERATINGINSTRUCTIONS
1. INITIAL SETUP CONTROL TEST CURRENT SWITCH OUTPUT SWITCH CURRENT CONTROL POWER FACTOR SWITCH BURDEN SWITCH POSITION OFF ON 0 (FULL CCW) 1.0 LOW

2. Connect the meter to be tested and the reference standard as shown on the appropriate connection diagram and as described under INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS in this manual. Note: Be sure to use the proper primary terminal of the phantom load for the line voltage being used. 3. Set the voltage selector switch of the reference standard to the appropriate value for the test potential being used. FULL LOAD TEST 4. Set the TEST CURRENT SWITCH to the appropriate range to obtain the desired full load test current. Note: Always use the lowest range capable of providing the desired test current. 5. Rotate the CURRENT CONTROL clockwise until the desired test current is reached. NOTES: a. The meter scale of the phantom load reads from "0 to 1.0" so that the actual measured current is equal to the reading of the meter times the setting of the TEST CURRENT SWITCH. For example: If the TEST CURRENT SWITCH is in the 5 ampere position and the meter reads 0.6, the actual output current is 3 amperes (5 X 0.6 = 3). b. If the desired test current is not reached at full clockwise rotation of the CURRENT CONTROL, return the CURRENT CONTROL to "0" (full counterclockwise position), move the BURDEN SWITCH to the high position and repeat Step 5. 6. Reset the reference standard to zero.

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7. Initiate the FULL LOAD TEST by turning the potential click switch on when the black mark on the edge of the meter disk passes a stationary reference point. This starts the reference standard by energizing its potential coil. If the meter under test or the reference standard runs backwards, reverse either the potential or current connections to the backwards unit. Note that a solid state standard will not count if the polarity to one of its coils is reversed. 8. Count the number of disk rotations by watching the black mark pass the reference point. 9. Stop the test when, the desired number of revolutions have been made by turning the potential click switch off. This stops the reference standard by de-energizing its potential coil. 10. Using the WATTHOUR METER TEST FORMULAS in this manual calculate % accuracy of the meter. POWER FACTOR TEST 11. Same as steps 1 - 10, except, set the POWER FACTOR SWITCH to "0.5". LIGHT LOAD TEST 12. Same as steps 1 - 10, except: Step 4: Set the TEST CURRENT SWITCH to the required appropriate range to obtain the desired light load current. WATTHOUR METER TEST FORMULAS The following formula should be used to calculate the reference standard revolutions (R).
( Revolutions of meter under test meter Kh ) R= 0.6 std. pot. coil std. current coil (meter elements) 120 5

To find the accuracy of any meter, the following formula is used:

calculated revolutions of standard % accuracy of the meter = actual revolutions of standard DEMAND METER TEST 100

When testing mechanical demand registers the following formula is used. The reference standard KW is used to compare against the register's KW in order to determine register accuracy.

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 0.6 std. pot. coil std. current coil TI meter elements standard revolutions 120 5 KW = 1000

The following formula will give the demand register's KW when counting the disk revolution of the meter under test. This method uses the watt-hour meter revolutions to control the test duration and the demand register KW will be as calculated,
meter Kh TI meter revolutions KW = 1000

60 minutes TI (Time Increments) = register time interval

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SERVICEANDREPAIRDATA
Servicing This phantom load utilizes straightforward circuits and components which require little or no service except for routine cleaning, tightening of connections, etc. The following maintenance is recommended: 1) Open the unit every six months and examine for a) Dirt b) loose connections 2) Remove dirt with dry, compressed air or a vacuum cleaner. 3) Tighten all connections, especially on the larger current wires. Service and Repair Order Instructions If factory service is required or desired, contact the factory for return instructions. A Service & Repair Order (SRO) number will be assigned for proper handling of the unit when it arrives at the factory. If desired, a letter with the number and instructions can be provided. Provide the factory with model number, serial number, nature of the problem or service desired return address, your name, and where you can be reached should the factory need to contact you. A purchase order number, cost limit, billing, and return shipping instructions may also be provided if desired. If an estimate is requested, provide the name and contact information of the person with approval/disapproval authority. Pack the equipment appropriately to prevent damage during shipment. If a reusable crate or container is used, the unit will be returned in it if in suitable condition. Put the SRO number on the address label of the shipping container for proper identification and faster handling. NOTE: Ship the-equipment without instruction manuals or non-essential items such as test leads, spare fuses, etc. These items are not needed to conduct repairs.

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Warranty Megger warrants to the original purchaser that the product is free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from date of shipment. This warranty is limited and shall not apply to equipment which has damage, or cause of defect, due to accident, negligence, improper operation, faulty installation by purchaser, or improper service or repair by any person, company or corporation not authorized by the Megger. Megger will, at its option, either repairs or replaces those parts and/or materials that it deems to be defective. Any costs incurred by the purchaser for the repair or replacement of such parts and / or materials shall be the sole responsibility of the original purchaser. THE ABOVE WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED ON THE PART OF THE MEGGER, AND IN NO EVENT SHALL MEGGER BE LIABLE FOR THE CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES DUE TO THE BREACH THEREOF.

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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

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INDEX

Ammeter Burden Switch ... CHARTS Controls Ammeter Burden Switch .. Cuurent Control .. Current Terminals .. Fuse .. ON/OFF Switch ... Potential Terminals . Power Factor Switch Test Current Switch Current Control Current Terminals DEMAND METER TEST DESCRIPTION OF CONTROLS FULL LOAD TEST .. Fuse .. Introduction to Testing Watt-hour Meters .. LIGHT LOAD TEST .. ON/OFF Switch Operating .. Burden Switch .. Current Control ... ON/OFF Switch Power Factor Switch . Test Current Switch .. Potential Terminals ... Power Factor Switch . POWER FACTOR TEST . Reference Standard SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Service and Repair Order Instructions Servicing .. TABLES .. Test Current Switch Warranty Statement ... WATTHOUR METER TEST FORMULAS

7 7, 10 1 7 7 7 7 8 7 7 8 7 7 7, 10 8, 9 11 7 10 7 I, II 11 7,10 10 10 10 10 10,11 10,11 8,9 7,10,11 11 7,11 15 13 13 1 7,10,11 14 11

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