Week 1

Introduction to Wireless LANs

Benefits of WLANs
Unlicensed Frequency Bands
2.5 GHz
Service
2.5 GHz
Service
Wireless Data Networks
Local Local
Wide Wide
Coverage Area Coverage Area Coverage Area
Satellite Satellite
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9.6 Kbps 9.6 Kbps
19.6 Kbps 19.6 Kbps
56 Kbps 56 Kbps
1 Mbps 1 Mbps
2 Mbps 2 Mbps
10 Mbps 10 Mbps
50 Mbps 50 Mbps
Broadband PCS Broadband PCS
Spread
Spectrum
Wireless
LANs
Spread Spread
Spectrum Spectrum
Wireless Wireless
LANs LANs
Infrared Infrared
Wireless Wireless
LANs LANs
Narrow Band Narrow Band
Wireless LANs Wireless LANs
Circuit and Packet Data Circuit and Packet Data
Cellular, CDPD, Cellular, CDPD, Mobitex Mobitex, , DataTac DataTac
Narrowband PCS Narrowband PCS Narrowband PCS
Wireless Technologies
PAN
(Personal Area
Network)
PAN
(Personal Area
Network)
LAN
(Local Area Network)
LAN
(Local Area Network)
WAN
(Wide Area Network)
WAN
(Wide Area Network)
MAN
(Metropolitan Area Network)
MAN
(Metropolitan Area Network)
PAN PAN LAN LAN MAN MAN WAN WAN
Bluetooth Bluetooth
Peer-to-Peer
Device-to-Device
Peer-to-Peer
Device-to-Device
Short Short
<1 Mbps <1 Mbps
802.11a, 11b, 11g
HiperLAN2
802.11a, 11b, 11g
HiperLAN2
Enterprise
Networks
Enterprise
Networks
Medium Medium
254+ Mbps 254+ Mbps
802.11
MMDS, LMDS
802.11
MMDS, LMDS
Fixed, Last
Mile Access
Fixed, Last
Mile Access
MediumLong MediumLong
22+ Mbps 22+ Mbps
GSM, GPRS,
CDMA, 2.53G
GSM, GPRS,
CDMA, 2.53G
PDAs, Mobile
Phones, Cellular
Access
PDAs, Mobile
Phones, Cellular
Access
Long Long
10384 Kbps 10384 Kbps
Standards Standards
Speed Speed
Range Range
Applications Applications
860 Kbps
900 MHz
1 and 2 Mbps
2.4 GHz
Proprietary
WLAN Evolution: 2000Present
Warehousing
Retail
Healthcare
Education
Businesses
Home
802.11
Ratified
802.11a,b
Ratified
802.11g
Drafted
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
1 and 2 Mbps
2.4 GHz
11 Mbps
54 Mbps
Standards-based
5 GHz
Radio
Network
Speed
IEEE 802.11Begins
Drafting
Wi-Fi
Wi-FiAlliance
Wireless Fidelity Alliance
170+ members
Over 350 products certified
Wi-FisMission
Certify interoperability of WLAN products
(802.11)
Wi-Fiis the stamp of approval
Promote Wi-Fias the global standard
Components and Topologies
WLAN Devices
In-building Infrastructure
1200 Series (802.11a and 802.11b)
1100 Series (802.11b)
350 Series (802.11b) not shown
Bridging
350 Series (802.11b)
BR350
WGB350
1400 Series (802.11a)
WLAN Devices
Antenna
2.4GHz
5 GHz Antennas
Clients
350 Series (802.11b)
5 GHz client adapter (802.11a)
Workgroup bridge (802.11b)
Cable, Accessories, Wireless IP Phone
Cable and Accessories
Low Loss Cable
Antenna Mounts
Lightening Arrestor
Wireless IP Phone
Cisco Aironet 802.11b Client Adapters
2.4 GHz
802.11b
11 Mbps
Include
PC Card
PCI Card
LMC Card
Mini PCI
Cisco Aironet 350 Series Mini PCI
Adapter
2.4 GHz/802.11b
embedded wireless for
notebooks
100 mW transmit power
Must order through PC
manufactures (not
orderable directly
through Cisco)
Cisco Aironet 802.11a Client Adapter
5 GHz/802.11a
54 Mbps
Rate Shifting
6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, or 54
Fixed data rates
User configurable option
5 dBi Patch Antenna
CardBus interface
Transmit power settings:
20 mW, 10 mW, and 5 mW
1200 Series Access Point
Dual radio design
Field upgradable radio and software
802.11b radio
100 mWradio
Built-in RP-TNC connectors for
diversity
Wide range of Cisco 2.4 GHz
antennas offered
802.11a radio
Delivers up to 54 Mbps, the
next generation of
performance
Can run in dual mode capacity
with the 802.11b radio
Innovative antenna design to
fit deployment needs
Enterprise-class management and
security
Cisco Aironet 1100 Series Access Point
Single 802.11b radio
Time-tested technology
Supports installed client-base
Upgradable
Migration path to 802.11g for further investment
return
Scalable
Fully functional access point ideal for all enterprise
deployments without expensive controllers
Affordable
Lowest priced upgradable Cisco Aironet access
point
Enterprise-class features
End-to-end intelligent networking and security
extended to WLAN
Enterprise-Class Features on all Cisco
Aironet Access Points
Cisco IOS (1100 and 1200 Series)
End-to-end intelligent network services
Familiar service configuration and network behavior
VxWorks (350 Series)
Easy web-based GUI interface
VLANs
Network segmentation for flexible policy and service
application
QoS
End-to-end prioritization for applications such as voice and
video
Proxy Mobile IP
Seamless inter-subnet roaming
Cisco Aironet WLAN Solutions for the
Enterprise
Cisco Aironet 1200 Series Cisco Aironet 1100 Series
QOS, VLANs, and Proxy Mobile IP QOS, VLANs, and Proxy Mobile IP
Cisco IOS operating system Cisco IOS-based operating system
Inline and Local Power Inline and Local Power
Extra memory and system capacity for future
releases
Extra memory and system capacity for future
releases
Industrial environmental specifications,
rugged metal case
Indoor environmental specifications, durable
plastic case
Two 2.4 GHz antenna connectors for high
gain diversity antennas; integrated 5 GHz
antennas
Integrated diversity dipole antennas for
simplified deployment
Dual-mode 802.11a and 802.11b support
(upgradable to 802.11g with Advanced
Encryption Standard (AES))
Single 802.11b radio (upgradable to 802.11g
with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES))
Outstanding Enterprise Performance and
Greatest Flexibility
Intelligent Enterprise Services at a Lower
Total Cost
350 Series Workgroup Bridge (WGB)
2.4 GHz/802.11b
Supports 8 MAC
addresses
Acts as client to
Cisco Aironet
access point or
bridge when in
access point mode
350 Series Bridge (WB)
Flexibility: 2.4 GHz/
802.11b point-to-point
and multi-point
Management
capabilities:
SNMP, Telnet, FTP,
HTML
802.1D spanning tree
Breadth of product
line:
11, 5.5, 2, 1 Mbps
Antenna/range options
Cisco Aironet 1400 Series
High Performance
Industry leading throughput and range
Easy-to-Use
Out of the box installation in outdoor
environment
Flexible
Point to point and point to multi-point
bridging
Multiple mounting and antenna options
Secure
Enterprise-class security
Feature Rich
Intelligent Network Services via IOS
Cisco Aironet Wireless Bridging Solutions
Single 802.11a radio with data rates up
to 54 Mbps
Single 802.11b radio with data rates up
to 11 Mbps
7.5 miles typical point to point range
with directional antennas at 54 Mbps
3 miles typical point to point range with
directional antennas at 11 Mbps
Antenna Alignment feedback via LEDs
and RSSI port and statistics via telnet
Statistics via telnet
Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Cisco Aironet 350 Series
QOS, VLANs, and Proxy Mobile IP QOS, VLANs, and Proxy Mobile IP
Cisco IOS operating system VxWorks based operating system
Inline Power via Power Injector LR Inline and Local Power
Outdoor environmental specifications,
tested to NEMA 4
Indoor industrial environmental
specifications, rugged metal case
Single 5.8 GHz integrated patch array
antenna or antenna connector for
remote antennas
Two 2.4 GHz antenna connectors for
high gain diversity antennas
Wireless Bridging with high
performance
Wireless Bridging at a Lower Total
Cost
Antennas
2.4 GHz 5 GHz
Indoor and Outdoor
WLAN and Bridging
Outdoor
Bridging
Cable and Accessories
802.11-Enabled Phones
A cordless phone for the
workplace
Cisco 7920 Wireless VoIP
phone
Beyond Laptops:
Other 802.11-Enabled Devices
PDAs
Phones
Printers
Projectors
Tablet PCs
Security Cameras
Barcode scanners
Custom devices for
vertical markets:
Healthcare
Manufacturing
Retail
Restaurants
HP iPAQ 5450 PDA
Compaq Tablet PC
HHP Barcode Scanner
Epson Printer
Sharp M25X Projector
SpectraLink
Phone
WLAN Market
In Building WLAN
Site to Site WLAN
WLAN Markets
Challenges and Issues
Radio Signal Interference
Power Consumption
Interoperability
Wireless LAN Security:
Lessons
War Driving
Hacking into WEP
Lessons:
Security must be turned on (part of the installation process)
Employees will install WLAN equipment on their own
(compromises security of your entire network)
WEP keys can be easily broken (businesses need better security)
Reliability and Connectivity
Installation and Site Design Issues
Bridging
Installation and Site Design IssuesWLAN
IEEE 802.11 Standards Activities
802.11a: 5GHz, 54Mbps
802.11b: 2.4GHz, 11Mbps
802.11d: Multiple regulatory domains
802.11e: Quality of Service (QoS)
802.11f: Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)
802.11g: 2.4GHz, 54Mbps
802.11h: Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)
and Transmit Power Control (TPC)
802.11i: Security
802.11j: Japan 5GHz Channels (4.9-5.1 GHz)
802.11k: Measurement
WLAN Speeds & Frequencies
802.11g
2.4 GHz OFDM/CCK
54 Mbps
Proprietary
IEEE 802.11a/b
Ratified
802.11a
5 GHz OFDM
54 Mbps
802.11b
2.4 GHz CCK
11 Mbps
Jan99 Jan00 Jan01 Jan02 Jan03 Jan04
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References
Fundamentals of Wireless LANs Companion Guide (Cisco
Networking Academy Program), Cisco Press, ISBN: 1587131196
CCNA Wireless Official Exam Certification Guide (CCNA IUWNE
640-721), Brandon James Carroll, Cisco Press, ISBN: 1587202115