1.

g Estimating Gas Turbine Performance The following is a method for estimating gas turbine performance using performance curves and site data (i.e., elevation, ambient temperature, inlet and exhaust pressure drops, and the type of fuel). Both full load and part load performance calculations are described and illustrated. Typical examples are provided for package power plants. Performance curves are based on the ISO standard (59F, 60% relative humidity and 14.7 psia). Theses curves do not include the water or steam injection for NOx control due to the many different NOx levels offered. However, the effect of a known water or steam flow can be calculated separately per the dilutent effects curves. This procedure should be used only for the approximation of performance at site conditions and not for performance guarantees. Performance guarantees for this proposal are shown in the Performance Specifications section. The performance curves included are to illustrate the calculation procedure and do not reflect current ratings. Performance curves applicable to the equipment offered in this proposal are listed under Turbine and Generator Performance Curves in the Engineering Data Section. Nomenclature D = differential; i.e. DP is pressure drop fa = inlet DP factor for output fb = exhaust DP factor for output fc = compressor inlet temperature factor for output fd = compressor inlet temperature factor for exhaust flow fe = compressor inlet temperature factor for heat rate ff = inlet DP factor for heat rate fg = exhaust DP factor for heat rate fh = humidity factor for output fi = humidity factor for heat rate HC = heat consumption (fuel consumption in Btu/h) HR = heat rate (Btu/kWh) KW = power output (kW) P = barometric pressure (psia) Pc = effective pressure (psia) at the inlet flange of a package power plant Tx = exhaust gas temperature (F) Reference GTS111D page 1 Estimating Gas Turbine Performance 2. Wx = exhaust flow (lb/h) EFF = thermal efficiency (%) (LHV) = based on fuel lower heating value Subscripts s, i, o s denotes at site conditions i denotes at ISO conditions o denotes at site altitude, actual inlet and exhaust DPs, and compressor inlet conditions of 59F @ 60% RH. I. Full Load Performance A. Method 1. Output (KWs) = (KWi) x (Ps/14.7) x fa x fb x fc x fh 2. Heat Rate (HRs) = (HRi) x fe x ff x fg x fi Note: Altitude has no effect on heat rate 3. Heat Consumption (HCs) = (KWs) x (HRs) 4. Exhaust Temperature (Tx) Read from appropriate curve. Add temperature increase for additional inlet and/or exhaust pressure drops. 5 Exhaust Flow (Wxs) = (Wxi) x (Pc/14.7) x fd Where Pc = Ps (0.0361 x additional DP (inches of H2O) at inlet) B. Notes 1. Round off calculations as follows: Output To nearest 10 kW or maximum of 4 significant figures Heat Rate To nearest 10 Btu/kWh Heat Consumption To nearest 0.1 x 106 Btu/h or maximum of 4 significant figures Exhaust Temperature To nearest degree F Exhaust Flow To four significant figures (lb/h) 2. The ratio Ps/14.7 can be read directly from the altitude correction curve 416HA662 C. Sample Full Load Calculation Package Power Plant MS7001(EA) Simple Cycle Model PG7111(EA) with an aircooled generator. Reference GTS111D page 2Estimating Gas Turbine Performance 3. Site Conditions: Altitude = 600 ft Barometric Pressure Ps = 14.39 psia (from Curve 416HA662) Compressor Inlet Temperature = 90F Inlet DP = 2.5 H2O (included in rating) Exhaust DP = 10 H2O (5.5 H2O is included in rating) Fuel = Distillate Oi1 Mode = Base Load1. Design Conditions (ISO) from Curve 499HA733 Output KWi = 82100 kW Heat Rate HRi = 10560 Btu/kWh (LHV) Exhaust Flow Wxi = 2358 x 103 lb/h2. Calculation of factors.The ratings for the package power plant include a standard inlet and exhaustpressure drop as stated with the ratings. Therefore the pressure drops usedto calculate fa, fb, ff, fg, Pc, and exhaust temperature increase are the pressuredrops in excess of the standard pressure

drops.The resulting performance decrease effect of additional pressure drop issubtracted from unity to obtain the output multiplication factor. The heat ratepercentage effect is added to unity to obtain the heat rate multiplier foradditional pressure drops. Output : f a + 1.0 f b + 1.0 * 0.42 x 4.5 4 1 + 0.9953 100 (curve 499HA733 with additional 4.5 H2 O) f c + 0.890 (from Curve 499HA734) f h + 0.9982 (from Curve 498HA697) Heat Rate : f e + 1.025 (from Curve 499HA734) f f + 1.0 f g + 1.0 ) 0.42 x 4.5 4 1 + 1.0047 100 (curve 499HA733 with additional 4.5 H2 O) f i + 1.0048 (from Curve 498HA697) Reference GTS111D page 3 Estimating Gas Turbine Performance 4. Exhaust Flow : P c + 14.39 psia * 0 + 14.39 psia f d + 0.930 (from Curve 499HA734) 3. Calculation of Full Load Conditions at Site: Output KW s + 82100 x 14.39 x 1.0 x 0.9953 x 0.890 x 0.9982 14.7 + 71063 or 71060kW Heat Rate HR s + 10560 x 1.025 x 1.0 x 1.0047 x 1.0048 + 10927 or 10930 BtuokWh (LHV) Heat Consumption HC s + 71060 x 10930 + 776.7 x 10 6 Btuoh (LHV) Exhaust temperature is calculated by adding the temperature increase due to pressure drops to the value read from Curve 499HA734: T x + 1006 ) 1.9 (0 ) 4.5) F 4 T x + 1008.1 or 1008 F Exhaust Flow + 2358 x 10 3 x 14.39 x .930 14.7 + 2146.7 x 10 3 or 2147 x 10 3 Iboh II. Part Load Performance Part load output, heat rate and heat consumption are calculated in a similar manner as base load using the part load heat consumption curve. Before using the output % off the heat consumption curve, all part load performance must be referenced to 59F site performance kWo. A. Method 1. At site barometric pressure with site inlet and exhaust pressure drops and at 59F compressor inlet temperature, calculate the following base load performance parameters: Output, kWo Heat rate, HRo Heat consumption, HCo This data then becomes the corrected values on which to base the part load calculations. 2. Calculate percentage of load: Reference GTS111D page 4Estimating Gas Turbine Performance 5. % load = required load/kWo 3. From the applicable performance curve, at the percent of load calculated from (2) above and at the compressor inlet temperature, read the percent of design heat consumption. HCs = HCo x % design heat consumption. 4. Heat rate at required load: HRs = HCs kWs 5. Exhaust flow and temperature are calculated in an analogous manner as base load using corrected design outputs as shown above, and the Effects of Modulated Inlet Guide Vanes Curve at the appropriate ambient. The extreme right hand point of each ambient curve on the Modulated Inlet Guide Vane Curve represents the full open IGV position, the knee point in each curve represents the closed IGV position, Note that this curve is for combined cycle machines only. Simple cycle machines, which are not normally concerned with part load Exhaust conditions, operated on a different schedule and can not be calculated using this curve.B. Sample Part Load CalculationThe following sample part load calculations are for the MS7001(EA) simplecycle package power plant used previously. Site conditions: Altitude = 600 ft Barometric pressure = 14.39 psia Compressor inlet temperature = 90F Relative Humidity = 60%RH Inlet DP = 2.5 H2O (included in rating) Exhaust DP = 10 H2O (5.5 H2O is included in rating) Fuel = Distillate Oil Load required = 75 percent base load 1. Calculation of site performance at full load and 59F at 60%RH: KWo = KWi x (14.39/14.7) x fa x fb KWo = 821000 x 0.9789 x 1.0 x 0.9953 = 79990 kW HRo = HRi x ff x fg HRo = 10560 x 1.0 x 1.0047 = 10610 Btu/kWh (LHV) HCo = KWo x HRo Reference GTS 111D page 5 Estimating Gas Turbine Performance 6. HCo = 79990 x 10610 = 848.7 x 106 Btu/h (LHV) 2. Calculation of site performance for 90F @ 60%RH: Site output (base load) = KWo x fc x fh = 79990 x 0.891 x 0.9983 = 71150 kW At 75% base load, required

load = 71150 x 0.75 = 53360 kW % load = 53360/79990 = 66.7% 3. From Curve 499HA733 at 66.7% design load and 90F, % design heat consumption = 71% Part load, site heat consumption, HCs = HCo x % design heat rate HCs = 848.7 x .71 = 602.6 x 106 Btu/h (LHV) 4. Site heat rate HRs = HCs kWs HRs = 602.6 x 106 53360 = 11290 x Btu/kWh (LHV) 5. Entering the Modulated Inlet Guide Vane Effects Curve (516HA129) at the 66.7% output calculated in Step 2 and, for the 90F ambient curve; Exh Temp. = 990F Wexh % design = 75.5% Wexh = Wi x % design Wexh = 2358 x .755 = 1780 x 103 lb/h Performance With Water or Steam Injection The amount of steam or water injection required to meet a given NOx emission level is not available from a curve because of the many variables impacting this value. In fact, the exact flow is typically not finalized until the field Emissions Compliance Testing. However, given a specific flow value, the resulting effect on output and Heat Rate can be determined using the Injection Effects Curves. For example, taking the dry Output and Heat Rate Performance calculated from Example I and, assuming GE has reported (for the specific conditons given) an estimated steam flow to meet 65 ppmvd @ 15% O2 NOx of 42590 lb/h (11.83 pps); The resulting output and Heat Rate would be: Reference GTS111D page 6Estimating Gas Turbine Performance 7. KW = 71060 x (1 + 0.059) (from curve 499HA899A) = 75250 KWHR = 10930 x (1 .0275) (from curve 499HA900A) = 10630 Btu/Kwh (LHV) Reference GTS111D page 7 Estimating Gas Turbine Performance 8. SI and Metric Units Conversion The following is a list of conversion factors most commonly used for gas turbine performance calculations. Conversion Factors To Convert To Multiply By atm kg/cm2 1.0333 atm lb/in2 14.7 bars atm 0.9869 bars lb/in2 14.5 Btu/h kcal/h 0.2520 Btu/h kJ/h 1.0548 Btu/hph kJ/kWh 1.4148 Btu/lb kJ/kg 2.326 F R F + 459.7 C F (C x 9/5) + 32 C K C + 273.2 ft3/min l/s 0.4720 ft3/min m3/min 0.02832 gal/mln l/s 0.06308 in. of mercury kg/cm2 0.03453 in. of water (at 4C) kg/cm2 0.00254 in. of water (at 4C) lb/in2 0.03613 J Btu 9.478 x 104 kg lb 2.205 kg/cm2 lb/in2 14.22 kg/m3 lb/ft3 0.06243 kW hp 1.341 lb/in2 Pa 6894.8 l/min ft3/s 5.886 x 104 l/min gal/s 0.004403 scf Nm3 0.0268 W Btu/h 3.4129 Reference GTS111D page 8Estimating Gas Turbine Performance 9. GENERAL ELECTRIC MODEL PG7111(EA) GAS TURBINEESTIMATED PERFORMANCE CONFIGURATION: NATURAL GAS & DISTILLATE Compressor Inlet Conditions 59 F (15.0 C), 60% Rel. Humidity Atmospheric Pressure 14.7 psia (1.013 bar) FUEL NATURAL GAS DISTILLATE DESIGN OUTPUT kW 83500 82100 DESIGN HEAT RATE (LHV) Btu (kJ)/kWh 10480 (11060) 10560 (11140) DESIGN HEAT CONS (LHV) X106 Btu (kJ)/h 875.1 (923.5) 867.0 (914.6) DESIGN EXHAUST FLOW X103 lb/h (kg)/h 2351 (1066) 2358 (1070) MODE: BASE LOAD PPB 061088 NOTES: 1. Altitude correction on curve 416HA662 REV A 2. Ambient temperature correction on curve 499HA734 REV A 3. Effect of modulated IGVs on exhaust flow and temp. on curve 516HA129 4. Air cooled generator 7A6 5. Humidity correction on curve 498HA697 REV B all performance calculated with specific humidity of .0064 or less so as not to exceed 100% relative humidity. 6. Plant performance is measured at the generator terminals and includes allowances for excitation power, shaft driven auxiliaries, and 2.5 in. H2O (6.2 mbar) inlet and 5.5 in. H2O (13.7 mbar) exhaust pressure drops. 7. Additional pressure drop effects: %Effect on Effect on Output Heat Rate Exhaust Temp. 4 in. H2O (10.0 mbar) inlet 1.42 0.45 1.9 F (1.1 C) 4 in. H2O (10.0 mbar) exhaust 0.42 0.42 1.9 F (1.1 C) 130 0F HEAT CONSUMPTION PERCENT DESIGN 120 59 F 110 100 120 F 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 GENERATOR OUTPUT PERCENT DESIGN

DATE: 10/17/89 499HA733 DA JAQUEWAY REV A Reference GTS111D page 9 Estimating Gas Turbine Performance 10. GENERAL ELECTRIC MODEL PG7111(EA) GAS TURBINE Effect of Compressor Inlet Temperature on Output, Heat Rate, Heat Consumption, Exhaust Flow And Exhaust Temperature at 100% Speed FUEL: NATURAL GAS & DISTILLATE OIL DESIGN VALUES ON CURVE 499HA733 REV A DESIGN MODE: BASE LOAD EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (DEG. F) 1040 1030 1020 1010 1000 990 980 970 960 950 940 130 125 120 115 PERCENT DESIGN 110 105 HEAT RATE 100 95 90 EXHAUST FLOW 85 HEAT CONS. 80 OUTPUT 75 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 COMPRESSOR INLET TEMPERATURE (DEG. F) DATE 10/17/89 499HA734 DA JAQUEWAY REV A Reference GTS111D page 10Estimating Gas Turbine Performance 11. GENERAL ELECTRIC MODEL PG7111(EA) GAS TURBINEEffect of Modulated Inlet Guide Vanes on Exhaust Flow and Temperature As a Function of Output and Compressor Inlet Temperature. FUEL: NATURAL GAS & DISTILLATE OIL DESIGN VALUES ON CURVE 499HA733 REV A DESIGN MODE: BASE LOAD 1100 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE (DEG. F) 1050 1000 950 900 0F 850 30 F 800 59 F 750 90 F 700 120 F 650 600 550 500 EXHAUST FLOW PERCENT DESIGN 115 110 105 100 95 90 0F 85 30 F 80 59 F 75 90 F 70 120 F 65 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 GENERATOR OUTPUT PERCENT DATE 10/17/89 516HA129 DA JAQUEWAY Reference GTS111D page 11 Estimating Gas Turbine Performance 12. GENERAL ELECTRIC GAS TURBINE ALTITUDE CORRECTION FACTOR ALTITUDE VS ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND ALTITUDE VS CORRECTION FACTOR FOR GAS TURBINE OUTPUT AND FUEL CONSUMPTION NOTES: 1. Heat Rate and Thermal Efficiency are not affected by altitude. 2. Correction Factor = P(atm)/14.7 15.5 1 15 0.95 CORRECTION FACTOR 14.5 0.9 14 0.85 13.5 0.8 13 0.75 12.5 0.7 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 12 0.65 11.5 0.6 11 0.55 10.5 0.5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ALTITUDE THOUSAND FEET 4/24/90 416HA662 F.J. BROOKS REV A Reference GTS111D page 12Estimating Gas Turbine Performance 13. GENERAL ELECTRIC MS6001, MS7001 AND MS9001 GAS TURBINES CORRECTIONS TO OUTPUT AND HEAT RATE FOR NONISO SPECIFIC HUMIDITY CONDITIONS For operation at base load on exhaust temperature control curve 1.01 1.009 ISO SPECIFIC HUMIDITY 0.0064 lb. water vapor/lb. dry air 1.008 1.007 1.006 HEAT RATE 1.005 1.004CORRECTION FACTOR 1.003 1.002 1.001 1 0.999 POWER OUTPUT 0.998 0.997 0.996 0.995 0.994 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.03 SPECIFIC HUMIDITY (lb. water vapor/lb. dry air) 5 10/10/89 498HA697 DA JAQUEWAY REV B Reference GTS111D page 13 Estimating Gas Turbine Performance 14. GE MODEL PG7001(EA) GAS TURBINE EFFECT OF STEAM INJECTION ON OUTPUT BASE LOAD NATURAL GAS / DISTILLATE 12 11 100F 10 9 PERCENT INCREASE IN OUTPUT 59F 8 45F 7 0F 6 5 4 3 2 CURVE 499HA899A 1 KH CONWAY 4/14/89 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 STEAM INJECTION LB/S Reference GTS111D page 14Estimating Gas Turbine Performance 15. GE MODEL PG7001(EA) GAS TURBINE EFFECT OF STEAM INJECTION ON HEAT RATE BASE LOAD NATURAL GAS / DISTILLATE 6.0 5.5 5.0 100F 4.5PERCENT DECREASE IN HEAT RATE 4.0 59F 3.5 45F 3.0 0F 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 CURVE 499HA900A 0.5 KH CONWAY 4/14/89 0. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 STEAM INJECTION LB/S Reference GTS111D page 15 Estimating Gas Turbine Performance