TENSES

Tenses are tense that we use in everyday life. Due to the tenses we could use a sentence appropriate to the circumstances. For example, the state of which we used to do, is underway, we will do, and other past. Verb used for an act done with customs, in contrast to the use of the verb used in the ongoing activity and use verbs in the past to act, it is also different. But, we must remember that just simply different shape alone. Tenses used in English it ada16 amount of time, which is better known as "16 tenses". So more details see the following forms of time: 1 PRESENT TENSE 2 PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE 3 PAST TENSE 4 PAST CONTINOUS TENSE 5 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE 6 PAST FUTURE TENSE 7 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 8 PAST PERFECT TENSE 9 FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE 10 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE 11 PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE 12 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE 13 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE 14 FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSE 15 FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSE 16 FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE The following are examples of tenses as follows: PRESENT TENSES *Formula: 1) Positif (+) = S+V1(es/s)+O 2) Negatif (-) = S+Do/does+Not+V1+O 3) Introgatif(?) =Do/does+S+V1+O *Example: 1. (+) He writes a letter every month (-) He doesnt writes a letter every month (?) Dors he writes a letter every month? 2. (+) She teaches English every week (- ) She doesnt teaches English every week (?) Does she teaches English every week?

3.(+) They studys matematic every day (- ) They dont studys matematic every day (?) Do they studys matematic every day? 4.(+) She works in the office every Monday to Saturday (- ) She doesnt works in the office every Monday to Saturday (?) Does she works in the office every Monday to Saturday? 5.(+) They go to Jakarta every years (- ) They dont go to Jakarta every years (? ) Do they go to Jakarta every years? B.FUNCTION PRESENT TENSES 1. Done to perform custom actions: Ex:(+) He is works every day (-) He is not works every day (?) Is he works every day? 2. Used to express a general truth: Ex:(+) A week has seven day (-) A week has not seven day (?) Has a week seven day? C. Time Signal 1. Usually Ex: I usually get up at 5 oclock 2. Always Ex: I always drink milk 3. Often Ex: I often goes to my grand mother house 4. Generally Ex: A rectangular has four corner 5. Seldom Ex: She seldom goes to school by car PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSES *Formula: 1. Positif : S+V.ing+O 2. Negatif : S+do/does+not+V1+O 3. Introgatif : Do/does +S+V1+O *Example: 1. (+) I am teaching English at the first grade of SMK IMMANUEL 2 (-) I am not teaching English at the first grade of SMK IMMANUEL 2 (?) Am I teaching Englidh at the first grade of SMK IMMANUEL 2? 2. (+) you are writing present continous now (-) you are not writing present continous now (?) are you writing present continous now?

3. (+) we are learning tenses now (-) we are not learning tenses now (?) are we learning tenses now? 4. (+) I am going to school now (-) I am not going to school now (?) Am I going to school now? 5. (+) John and James are running now (-) John and James are not running now (?) are john and james running now? B. FUNCTION PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE a. Used to declare the act is going Ex: (+) I am going to Jakarta Now (-) I am not going to Jakarta now (?) Am I going to Jakarta now? b. Used to declare an act of temporary Ex: (+) Purba is writing now but he will explain soon (-) Purba is not writing now but he will explain soon (?) Is Purba writing now but he will explain soon? C.TIME SIGNAL 1. Today Ex : Iam today teaching English 2. Right now Ex : Rini is working right now 3. When Ex : Rina is coming hear when I go to park 4. Now Ex : Roy is going to Bandung now 5. Still Ex : He is still angry to me PAST TENSES *Formula: 1. Positif (+) : S+V2+O Negatif (-) : S+Did not+V2+O Introgatif (?): Did+S+V2+O *Example: 1. (+) Sarah invite me last week (-) Sarah did not invite last week (?) Did Sarah invite last week? 2. (+) I went to Jakarta yesterday (-) I went not to Jakarta yesterday (?) went I to Jakarta yesterday?

3. (+) You watch tv last week (-) You did not watch tv last week (?) Did you watch tv last week? 4. (+) I wrote letter to her last week (-) I wrote not letter her last week (?) Wrotw I letter her last week? 5. (+) It rain since at five oclock (-) It did not rain since at five oclock (?) Did it rain since at five oclock? B. FUNCTION PAST TENSES Used to declare an event that began and ended the incident, in the past. And until now, had nothing to do anymore. Genesis the past, well done multiple times or once. Ex: (+) I went yesterday (-) I did not went yesterday (?) Did I went yesterday? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Last Year Ex: I went to Yogjakarta last year 2. Yesterday Ex: Dini went to my home yesterday 3. Last Week Ex: I fineshed my worked lasr week 4. Ago Ex: She taught English three days ago 5. Last Saturday Ex: I went to here last Saturday PAST CONTINOUS TENSES *Formula: 1. Positif (+): S+was/were+vVing+O 2. Negatif (-): S+was/were+not+v.ing+o 3. introgatif (?): was/were+S+v.ing+o *Examp;e: 1. (+)The third year student were sitting behind the teachers now yesterday (-) The third year student were not sitting behind the teachers now yesrterday (?) Were the third year student sitting behind the teachers now yesterday? 2. (+) He was playing football yesterday (-) He was not playing football yesterday (?) was he playing football yesterday? 3. (+) They were working in the office yesterday (-) They were not working in the office yesterday (?) Were they working in the office yesterday?

4. (+) Tuti was reading a novel when I come yesterday (-) Tuti was not reading a novel when I come yesterday (?) was Tuti reading a novel when I come yesterday? 5. (+) They were studying Biologi at ten Oclock last Friday (-) They were not studying Biologi at ten oclock last Friday (?) were they studying Biologi at temn oclock last Friday? B. FUNTION PAST CONTINOUS TENSES a. Used to declare two events taking place at the same time in the past. Ex: (+) I was going to garden when it began to rain (-) I was not going to garden when it began to rain (?) Was I going to garden when it gegan to rain? b. Used to express an ongoing action in the past. Ex: (+) at three oclock last week, She was reading (-) at three oclock last week,She was not reading (?) at three oclock last week,was she reading? c. This form is also used to declare two events at the same time and lasts long in the past. Ex: (+) I was reading a book, while Ani writing a letter (-) I was not reading a book,while Ani writing a letter (?) Was I reading a book,while Ani writing a letter? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Last Week Ex: at seven oclock last week 2. Yesterday Ex: all day yesterday SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES *Formula: 1. Positif (+): S+shall+/will+V1+O 2. Negatif(-): S+shall/will+not+V1+O 3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+V1+O *Example: 1. (+) He will go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning (-) He will not go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning (?) Will he go to pasir Panjang tomorrow morning? 2. (+) I shall study hard next mounth (-) I shall not study hard next mounth (?) Shall I study hard next mounth? 3. (+) I am go to Singkawang tomorrow (-) I am not go to Singkawang tomorrow (?) Am I ga to Sngkawang tomorrow? 4. (+) She will write this lesson next week (-) She will not write this lesson next week

(?) will She write this lesson next week? 5. (+) I shall go to Medan tomorrow (-) I shall not go to Medan tomorrow (?) Shall I go to Medan tomorrow? B. FUNCTION SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES a. Used to declare an act to be performed. Ex: (+) I shall go to Surakarta tomorrow (-) I shall not go to Surakarta tomorrow (?) Shall I go to Surakarta tomorrow? b. Can also be used to express a promise. Ex: (+) I shall give you book tomorrow (-) I shall not give you book tomorrow (?) Shall I give you book tomorrow? c. Used to declare a promise, but on condition that: Ex: (+) Your mother will give you a new car if you past your exams (-) Your mother will not give you a new car if you past your exams (?) Will your mother give you a new car if you past your exams? d. Used to declare ask for help to someone. Ex: (+) you will help me lift this table (-) You will not help me lift this table (?) Will you help me lift this table? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Tomorrow Ex: I shall work tomorrow 2. next week Ex: I shall teach next week 3. Next Mounth Ex: He will study in here next mounth PAST FUTURE TENSES *Formula: 1. Positif (+): S+should/would+V1+O 2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+V1+O 3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+V1+O *Example: 1. (+) I should go to Mojosari next day (-) I should not go to Mojosari next day (?) Should I go to Mojosari next day? 2. (+) He would by a car the day before (-) He would not by a car the day before (?) Would He by a car the day before? 3. (+) He would come if you invited him

(-) He would not come if you invited him (?) Would he come if you invited him? 4. (+) You would give me this pen last Saturday (-) You would not give me this pen last Saturday (?) Would you give me this pen last Saturday? 5. (+) She would have breakfast before at seven (-) She would not have breakfast before at seven (?) Would she have breakfast before at seven? B. FUNCTION PAST FUTURE TENSES Used to declare an act to be done in the past. Ex: (+) I should go to England last year (-) I should not go to England last year (?) Should I go to England last year? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Last year Ex: He would go to Semarang last year 2. Last week Ex: They would trip a Paris last week 3. Before Ex: I should by a car the day before 4. Next day Ex: She should go to Riau next day 5. Invited Ex: They would come if you invited him PRESENT PERFECT TENSES *Formula: 1. Posituf (+) : S+have/has+V3+O 2. Negatif (-) : S+have/has+not+V3+O 3. Introgatif (?): Have/has+S+V3+O *Example: 1. (+) We have learned English for two years (-) We have not learned English for two years (?) Have we learned English for two years? 2. (+) She has taught English since 1988 (-) She has not taught English since 1988 (?) Has she taught English since 1988? 3. (+) He has been to Jakarta before (-) He has not been to Jakarta before (?) Has he been to Jakarta before? 4. (+) He has a written a letter for thirty minutes (-) He has not a written a letter for thirty minutes

(?) Has he a written a letter for thirty minutes? 5. (+) I have just spoken to him (-) I have not just spoken to him (?) Have I just spoken to him? B. FUNCTION PRESENT PERFECT TENSES a. Used to declare an event in the past without mentioning the specific time (s). Ex: (+) I have gone to school (-) I have not gone to school (?) Have I gone to school? b. Used to declare an act of the past and ongoing activities to date. Ex: (+) I have learned in the Immanuel school since 2000 (-) I have not learned in the Immanuel school since 2000 (?) Have I learned in the Immanuel school since 2000? c. Used to express an action that has occurred recently. Ex: (+) I have just read my book (-) I have not just read my book (?) Have I just read my book? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Already Ex: have had breakfast already 2. Three Times Ex: I have been drink medicine three times a day 3. Finally Ex: finally, He has started to finally PAST PERFECT TENSES *Formula: 1. Positif (+): S+had+V3+O 2. Negatif (-): S+had not+V3+o 3. Intrigattif (?):Had+S+V3+O *Example: 1. (+) The train had left before I arrived (-) The train had not left before I arrived (?) Had the train left before I arrived? 2. (+) I had copied the lesson before she come home (-) I had not copied the lesson before she come home (?) Had I copied the lesson before she come home? 3. (+) I had come home before I week three (-) I had not come home before I week three (?) Had I come home before I week three? 4. (+) I had written this lesson before he called me (-) I had not written a lesson before he called me

(?) Had I written a lesson before he called me? 5. (+) When my brother arrived, I had painted my car (-) When my brother arrived, I had not painted my car (?) When my brother arrived, had I painted my car? B. FUNCTION PAST PERFECT TENSES a. Used to declare events completed before another incident occurred in the past. Ex: (+) I had come home before I when three (-) I had not come home before I when three (?) Had I come home before I when three? b. Used to declare an act that occurred before a certain time period to the past. Ex: (+) By the end of the mounth, she had lived here (-) By the end of the mounth, she had not lived here (?) Had by the end of the mounth, she lived here? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. On Ex: On sunday morning, I painted my car 2. When Ex: When my brother arrived, I had painted my car 3. Before Ex: The train had left before I arrived 4. After Ex: She told me her name after I had asked her twice FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES *Formula: 1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+be+Ving+O 2. Negatif (-): S+shall/will+not+be+Ving+O 3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+be+ving+O *Example: 1. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this station at four (-) I shall not be waiting for you in this station at four (?) Shall I be waiting for you in this station at four? 2. (+) I shall be studying at this time tomorrow (-) I shall not be studying at this time tomorrow (?) Shall I be studying at this time tomorrow? 3. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this airport at three oclock tomorrow evening (-) I shall not be waiting for you in this airport at three oclock tomorrow evening (?) Shall I be waiting for you in this airport at three oclock tomorrow evening? 4. (+) He will be working at this time tomorrow (-) He will not be working at this time tomorrow (?) Will he be working at this time tomorrow? 5. (+) She will going to be school together at seven oclcok tomorrow

(-) She will not going to be school together at seven oclock tomorrow (?) Will she going to be school together at seven oclock tomorrow? B.FUNCTION FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES a. Used to declare a plan, which is executed next. Ex: (+) I will be going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow (-) I will not going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow (?) Will I going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow? b. To declare an act to be done by a certain time, in the future. Ex: (+) I shall be writing a letter at seven oclock tomorrow (-) I shall not be writing a letter at seven oclock tomorrow (?) Shall I be writing a letter at seven oclock tomorrow? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. At nine a oclock tomorrow Ex: I shall be working at nine a oclock tomorrow morning 2. At this time next year Ex: at this time next year, Peter will be traveling in Japan PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES *Formula: 1. Positif (+): S+have/has+been+Ving+O 2. Negatif (-): S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O 3. Itrogatif (?): Have/has+S+been+Ving+O *Example: 1. (+) I have been going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002 (-) I have not going to Painting Samudra for my holiday since 2002 (?) Have I going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002? 2. (+) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has been teaching at SMK IMMANUEL 2 since 2003 (-) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has not been teaching at SMK IMMANUEL 2 since 2003 (?) Has Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak been teaching at SMK IMMANUEL 2 since 2003? 3. (+) She has been painting every day for a long time (-) She has not painting every day for a long time (?) Has she painting every day or along time? 4. (+) It has been raining since at six oclock (-) It has not been raining since at six oclock (?) Has it been raining since at six oclock? 5. (+) The girl has been crying since he was a child (-) The girl has not been crying since he was a child (?) Has the girl been crying since has was a child? B. FUNCTION PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES a. Used to declare an act which becomes a habit in the past period, and the action was still going on to this day. Ex: (+) I have been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990

(-) I have not been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990 (?) Have I been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990? b. Used to express an action that has happened in the past and will last until now. Ex: (+) I have been studying here since 2000 (-) I have not been studying here since 2000 (?) Have I been studying here since 2000? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Since Ex: We have been waiting for you since ne oclock 2. For Ex: She has been studying English for over five tears 3. This mounth Ex: I have been studying at his place this mounth PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES *Formula: 1. Positif (+): S+had+been+vVng+O 2. Negatif (-) :S+had+not+been+Ving+O 3. Introgatif (?): Had+s+been+ving+o *Example: 1. (+) Dodi had been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her (-) Dodi had not been looking for the girl for a year before heapplied her (?) Had Dodi been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her? 2. (+) I had been playing a football when they came (-) I had not been playing a football when they came (?) Had I been playing a football when they came? 3. (+) She had been cooking a vegetable when he came (-) She had not been cooking a vegetable when he came (?) had she been cooking a vegetable when he came? 4. (+) When I came, his father had been leaving for six hours (-) When I came, his father had not been leaving for six hours (?) When I came, had his father been leaving for six hours? 5. (+) I had been waiting for you since at seven oclock (-) I had not been waiting for you since at seven oclock (?) Had I been waiting for you since at seven oclock? B. FUNCTION PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES Used to declare an event that lasts a long time before other events in the past as well. Ex: (+) I had been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet (-) I had not been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet (?) Had I been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet? C. TIME SIGNAL

1. When Ex: I finished my dinner, Peter had been FUTURE PERFECT TENSES *Formula: 1. Positif (+): S+will/shall+have+V3+O 2. negatif (-) : S+will/shall+not+have+V3+O 3. Introgatif (?): Will/shall+S+have+V3+O *Example: 1. (+) She will have written his lesson by time he go out (-) She will not have written his lesson by time he go out (?) Will she have written his lesson by time he go out? 2. (+) The game will finished by the time he get three (-) The game will not finished by the time he get three (?) Will the game finished by the time he get three? 3. (+) I shall have written a letter by eight oclock tomorrow (-) I shall not have written a letter by eight oclock tomorrow (?) Shall I have written a letter by eight oclock tomorrow? 4. (+) We shall have played a basketball when he came (-) We shall not have played a basketball when he came (?) Shall we have played a basketball when he came? 5. (+) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will have left my house (-) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will not have left my house (?) When my uncle comes tomorrow, will my grandmother have left my house? B. FUNCTION FUTURE PERFECT TENSES a. Used to declare an act to be completed, before another time in the future. Ex: (+) By next week he will have read this book (-) By next week he will not have read this book (?) Will by next week he have read trhis book? b. Also used to declare an event to be completed before other actions, in the future. Ex: (+) When I comes, my uncle will have left my house (-) When I comes,my uncle will not have left my house (?) Will when I comes,my uncle have left my house? C.TIME SIGNAL 1. By the end of Ex: John will have done his work by the end of this week 2. By next Ex: By next week he will have read this book FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES *Formula: 1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+have+been+Ving+O

2. Negatif (-): S+shall+will+not+have+been+Ving+O 3. Introgatif (?):Shall/will+S+have+been+Ving+O *Example: 1. (+) I shall have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow (-) I shall not have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow (?) Shall I have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow? 2. (+) By next fast day I shall have been teaching here six mounths (-) By next fast day I shall not have been teaching here six mounths (?) By next fast day shall I have been teaching here six mounths? 3. (+) Next moon Hevy will have been studying here for two years (-) Next moon Hevy will not have been studying here for two years (?) Next moon will Hevy have been studying here for two years? 4. (+) Next week Bu Yusni will have been teaching at SMK IMMAMUEL 2 school for one years (-) Next week Bu Yusni will not have been teaching at SMK IMMANUEL 2 school for one year (?) Next week will Bu Yusni have been teaching at SMK IMMANUEL 2 school for one year? 5. (+) He will have been working in the office at this time tomorrow (-) He will not have been working in the office at this time tomorrow (?) Will he have been working in the office at this time tomorrow? B. FUNCTION FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES a. Used to declare an event that has been done during the past, and is still going on at a certain time in the future. Ex: By the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for five year C. TIME SIGNAL 1. By the end of this year Ex: by the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for four year 2. By the end of this month Ex: By the end of this month, I shall have been working in this office for five years FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES *Formula: 1. Positif (+): S+should/would+be+Ving+O 2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+be+V.ing+O 3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+be+V.ing+O *Example: 1. (+) I should be finishing this home work at this time following week (-) I should not be finishing this home work at this time following week (?) Should I be finishing this home work at this time following week? 2. (+) We should be going to beach the following week (-) We should not be going to beach the following week (?) Should we be going to beach the following week? 3. (+) He would be flag ceremony at this time the following day (-) He would not be flag ceremony at this time the following day

(?) Would he be flag ceremony at this time the following day? 4. (+) She would be finishing this job at this time following moon (-) She would not be finishing this job at this time following moon (?) Would she be finishing this job at this time following moon? 5. (+) They would be having examination at this time the following year (-) They would not be having examination at this time the following year (?) Would they be having examination at this time the following year? B. FUNTION FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES Used to declare an event to be being carried out during the past. Ex: I should be taking an examination at this time the following day C. TIME SIGNAL Last week Ex: At six oclock last week, I should be buying in this supermarket FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES *Formula: 1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+V2+O 2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+V2+O 3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+not+have+V2+O *Example: 1. (+) I should have paif if I had come here (-) I should not have paif if I had come here (?) Should I have paif if I had come here? 2. (+) He would have sucses if he had worked here (-) He would not have sucses if he had worked here (?) Would he have sucses if he had worked here? 3. (+) She would have graduated if she had studied hard (-) She would not have graduated if she had studied hard (?) Would she have graduated if she had studied hard? 4. (+) I hoped that you would have married before you worked here (-) I hoped not that you would have married before you worked here (?) Would I hoped that you have married before you worked here? 5. (+) I hoped that you would have paif before you come here (-) I hoped not that you would have paif before you come here (?) Would I hoped that you have paif before you come hare? B. FUNTION FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES Used to express a supposition which may not happen because the requirements are not met, but only as a shadow alone. Ex: (+) He would have graduated if he had studied hard (-) He would not have graduated if he had studied hard (?) Would he have graduated if he had studied hard?

C. TIME SIGNAL 1. If he had studied hard Ex: They would have graduated if they had studied hard FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES *Formula: 1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+been+V.ing+O 2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+been+V.ing+O 3. Inttrogatif (?): Should/would+S+have+been+V.ing+O *Example: 1. (+) By last Febuary I should have been working this restaurant for one year (-) By last Febuary I should not have been working this restaurant for one year (?) should by last Febuary I have been working this restaurant for one year? 2. (+) By last July we should have been studying this school for three years (-) By last July we should not have been studying this school for three year (?) Should by last July we have been studying this school for three years? 3. (+) By last fast day he would have been living this apartement for five years (-) By last fast day he would not have been living this apartement for five years (?) Would by last fast day he have been living this apartement for five years? 4. (+) She would have been teaching English for one years by last Friday (-) She would not have been teaching English for one years by last Friday (?) Would she have been teaching English for one years by last Friday? 5. (+) The magazine would have been red by Anis (-) The magazine would not have been red by Anis (?) Would the magazine have been red by Anis? B. FUNCTIONFUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTIMOUS TENSES Used to declare an event that is already in progress at the time of the past . Ex: (+) By last Christmas I should have been working in that office for five years (-) By last Christmas I should not have been working in that office for five years (?) Should by last Christmas I have been working in that office for five years? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. By the end of this week Ex: By the ed of this week, I should have come here 2. By the end of this mounth Ex: By the end of this mounth, He would have graduated studied

OLEH