Air receiver volume Compressor mass flow rate

Ambient pressure m
comp
= V
comp
*
n
P
amb
= 80 kPa V
comp
= 0.56
Nm
3
/s
Ambient temperature
n
= 1.29
kg/Nm
3
t
amb
= 10 C m
comp
= 0.728 kg/s
Normal conditions Receiver
P
N
= 1.01325 bar Pressure difference op. range
T
N
= 273.15 K This is the difference betwee the
Normal density maximum an minimum pressures

n
= p / ( R * T) AP
op
= 0.7 bar
p = 101,325 Pa Air temperature in receiver
R = 286.9 J/(kg*K) t
rcv
= t
comp_out
T = 273 K t
rcv
= 25 C

n
= 1.29
kg/Nm
3
P
rcv_initial
= P
comp_out
Compressor P
rcv_initial
= 6.5 bar (g)
Refrigerated type P
rcv_final
= P
rec_initial
- AP
op
Required volumetric flow rate P
rcv_initial
= 6.5 bar (g)
V
req_N
= 0.45 Nm/s AP
op
= 0.7 bar
Ratio compresor flow rate "V
comp
" P
rcv_final
= 5.8 bar (g)
to required flow rate "V
req
" Receiver inlet mass flow rate
F = V
comp_N
/ V
req_N
V
rcv_in
= 0.56 Nm/s
F = 1.25 Receiver outlet mass flow rate
V
comp_N
= 0.56 Nm/s V
rcv_out
= 0.45 Nm/s
Required prressure at receiver exit
P
rec_out
= 6 bar (g) Required mass flow rate
Pressure drop Compressor-Receiv. leaving the receiver
DP
comp-rec
= 0.5 bar m
rcv_out
= V
rec_out
*
n
Presure at compressor exit V
rcv_out
= 0.45
Nm
3
/s
P
comp_out
= P
rec_out
+ DP
comp_rec

n
= 1.29
kg/Nm
3
P
rec_out
= 6 bar (g) m
rcv_out
= 0.582 kg/s
DP
comp-rec
= 0.5 bar
P
comp_out
= 6.5 bar (g) Receiver inlet mas flow rate
Temperature at exit of refr. comp. m
rcv_in
= m
comp
t
comp_out
= 25 C m
comp
= 0.728 kg/s
m
rcv_in
= 0.728 kg/s
Inlet conditions Air required by the
V
n
= #REF! Nm/s system (or consumption)
P
comp_in
= #REF! kPa V
req
= 0.45 Nm/s
T
comp_in
= #REF! K
Receiver
bar
AP = 6 Average values of pressure
#REF! and temperature
#REF! P
m
= #REF! Pa
Cooleded compressor T
m
= #REF! K
Outlet conditions
V
n
= #REF! Nm/s
P
comp_out
= #REF! Pa
T
comp_out
= #REF! K
bar
Pin = b
Pout b
Rev.cjc. 1.08.2013
Operating time (to fill the receiver) The time required for the pressure
Time required for the compressor to reach this condition is defined
to bring the receiver from the low by the equation:
pressure
Am =
m
rec_out
*t
deliver
P
final
= 5.8 bar (g) t
deliver
= Am / m
rec_out
to the initial pressure Am = 8.7 kg
P
initial
= 6.5 bar (g) m
rec_out
= 0.582 kg/s
when the receiver is being filled t
deliver
= 15.0 s
by the compressor at the rate
"m
in
" and at the same time the The total cycle time is
system is consuming air at the t
cycle
= t
Fill
+ t
deliver
flow rate "m
out
". t
Fill
= 60 s
The operating time to fill the t
deliver
= 15 s
receiver under these conditions t
cycle
= 75 s
is assumed selected as
t
Fill
= 60 s
Air mass required in a cycle V =
t
Fill
*P
N
*[V
comp_N
V
rcv_N
]*(T
rcv
/T
N
*(1/AP
op
)
Am =
(m
rec_in
- m
rec_out
) *t
Fill
t
Fill
= 60 s
m
rec_in
= 0.728 kg/s P
N
= 1.01325 bar
m
rec_out
= 0.582 kg/s V
comp_N
= 0.56 Nm/s
t
Fill
= 60 s V
rcv_N
= 0.45 Nm/s
Am =
8.7 kg T
rcv
= 298.15 K
This is the air mass that will T
N
= 273.15 K
go in and out of the receiver AP
op
= 0.7 bar
V = 10.66 m
After this time, the compressor
stops. Tank volume
The receiver starts to deliver air H = 1.5 * d
at the required flow rate. d = 2.1 m
m
rec_out
= 0.582 kg/s H = 3.15 m
until the pressure decreses to V = (pi()/4) * d^2 * H
the minimum pressure d = 2.1 m
P
rec_final
= 5.8 bar (g) H = 3.15 m
V = 10.9 m
| |
op N
rcv
N rec N comp N Fill
P T
T
V V P V
A
=
1
_ _

t
Mass change during a cycle in receiver

| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
op N
rcv
N rec N comp N Fill
op
rcv
N
N rec N comp N Fill
op
rcv
N
N rec N comp N Fill
Fill
N
N
N rec N comp
N
N
N
Fill N N rec N comp
Fill N N rec N N comp
N N rec out rec
N N comp in rec
comp in rec
Fill out rec in rec
P T
T
V V P V
P
T R
R T
V V P V
P
T R m V
R T
V V P m
T R
P
V V m
T R
P
V V m
V V m
V m
V m
m m
m m m
receiver in cycle a during change Mass
A
=
A
=
A
A =
= A

= A

=
= A
= A
=
=
=
= A
1
1 1 1
1
____ __________ __________ __________
1 1
: _ _ _ _ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_
_ _

t
t
t
t

t
t

t
Time to fill, initally, the receiver
Densities
P
final
= P
comp_out
Initial density
P
comp_out
= 6.5 bar (g)
initial
= p
initial
/ ( R * T
initial
)
P
atm
= 0.8 bar P
initial
= 80000 Pa
P
comp_out
= 7.3 bar T
initial
= 298.15 K
P
final
= 7.3 bar R = 286.9 J/(kg*K)

initial
= 0.935 kg/m
P
initial
= P
amb
P
amb
= 0.8 bar Final density
P
initial
= 0.8 bar
final
= P
final
/ ( R * T
final
)
P
final
= 730000 Pa
Isothermal process T
final
= 298.15 K
t
rcv =
25 C R = 286.9 J/(kg*K)
t
initial
= t
rcv

final
= 8.534 kg/m
t
initial
= 25 C
t
final
= 25 C Mass to fill reveiver
m = m
final
- m
initial
Receiver volume m = V *
final
- V *
initial
V = 10.66 m m = V * (
final
-
initial
)
V = 10.66 m

final
= 8.534 kg/m

initial
= 0.935 kg/m
m = 81.04 kg
Air constant
R = Rg / MM
Rg = 8314.41 [ J / (kmol*K)]
MM = 28.97 kg/kmol
R = 287.0 (J/(kg*K)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 50 100
m (kg)

220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
261.4
Compressor mass flow rate Mass remaining in receiver when the
Normal flow rate pressure reaches the defined minimum
V
comp_N
= 0.56 Nm/s value
Normal density P
rcv_final
= 5.8 bar (g)

n
= p / ( R * T) P
rcv_final
= 6.6 bar
p = 101,325 Pa Density
R = 286.9 J/(kg*K)
final
= P
rcv_final
/ ( R * T
final
)
T = 273 K P
rcv_final
= 660,000 Pa

N
= 1.29
kg/Nm
3
R = 286.9 J/(kg*K)
T
final
= 298.15 K
m
comp
= V
comp_N
*
N

final
= 7.72 kg/m
V
comp_N
= 0.56 Nm/s Final mass for minimum pressure

N
= 1.29
kg/Nm
3
m
final
= V * (
final
-
initial
)
m
comp
= 0.73 kg/s V = 10.66 m

final
= 7.72 kg/m
Time to fill initially the receiver
initial
= 0.935 kg/m132
t
0
= m / m
comp
m
final
= 72.31 kg
m = 81.04
m
comp
= 0.73 kg/s Mass decrease in this phase
t
0
= 111.4 s
Am =
m
initial -
m
final
m
initial
= 81.04 kg
t V m
final
= 72.31 kg
s m Am = 8.73 kg
0 0
15 11
30 22
45 33
60 44
75 55
90 65
105 76
111.4 81
112 81
115 79
118 77
121 75
124 74
126.4 72
130 73
135 74
140 74
145 75
150 76
155 76
160 77
165 78
150 200 250
Time (s)
Mass in receiver vs. time
170 79
175 79
180 80
185 81
186.4 81
190 79
193 77
196 75
199 74
200 73
201.4 72
205 73
210 74
215 74
220 75
225 76
230 76
235 77
240 78
245 79
250 79
255 80
260 81
261.4 81
Time for this mass decrease
t
dec
= Am / m
rcv_out
Am =
8.73 kg
m
rcv_out
= 0.582 kg/s
t
dec
= 15.0 s
At this stage, the compressor starts
again an will run for a time
t
Fill
= 60 s
250 300
2.- Receiver volume
V = Am * R * T
rcv
/ AP
op
( )
| |
| |
) T R ( / P
) T R ( / P
1
Re
:
:
:
3
3
final final final
ini ini ini
final ini
final ini
final ini
Densities
m V
m
V
volume ceiver
m
kg
time given a at receiver in density air
m volume receiver V
kg receiver in change mass m
V m
cycle a during change Mass
VOLUME RECEIVER
=
=

A =

A
=
(

A
= A

op
rcv
op final ini
final ini
rcv
final ini
final ini
op
rcv
final ini
op final ini
final ini
rcv
final ini
rcv
final ini
final ini
rcv final rcv ini final ini
rcv final final
rcv ini ini
rcv final ini
P
T R
m V
P
change pressure operation Allowed
T R
m V
m V
m
V
P
T R
P
change pressure operation Allowed
T R
T R
T T
T
T
T
A

A =
A =

A =

A =

A
=
A

A =

=
=
=
=
= =
P - P
P - P
1
1
P - P
P - P
1
P - P
) R ( / P - ) R ( / P
) R ( / P
) R ( / P
T T
process isothermal an Assuming

op
rcv
P
T R
m V
A

A =
3.- Mass change during a cycle in receiver
[Ec. B]
V = t
Fill
* P
N
* [V
comp_N
- V
rcv_N
] * (T
rcv
/T
N
) * (1/AP
op
)
[Ec. A]
op
rcv
op final ini
final ini
rcv
final ini
final ini
op
rcv
final ini
op final ini
final ini
rcv
final ini
rcv
final ini
final ini
rcv final rcv ini final ini
rcv final final
rcv ini ini
rcv final ini
P
T R
m V
P
change pressure operation Allowed
T R
m V
m V
m
V
P
T R
P
change pressure operation Allowed
T R
T R
T T
T
T
T
A

A =
A =

A =

A =

A
=
A

A =

=
=
=
=
= =
P - P
P - P
1
1
P - P
P - P
1
P - P
) R ( / P - ) R ( / P
) R ( / P
) R ( / P
T T
process isothermal an Assuming

| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
op N
rcv
N rec N comp N Fill
op
rcv
N
N rec N comp N Fill
op
rcv
N
N rec N comp N Fill
Fill
N
N
N rec N comp
N
N
N
Fill N N rec N comp
Fill N N rec N N comp
N N rec out rec
N N comp in rec
comp in rec
Fill out rec in rec
P T
T
V V P V
P
T R
R T
V V P V
P
T R m V
R T
V V P m
T R
P
V V m
T R
P
V V m
V V m
V m
V m
m m
m m m
receiver in cycle a during change Mass
A
=
A
=
A
A =
= A

= A

=
= A
= A
=
=
=
= A
1
1 1 1
1
____ __________ __________ __________
1 1
: _ _ _ _ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
_
_ _

t
t
t
t

t
t

t
| |
op N
rcv
N rec N comp N Fill
P T
T
V V P V
A
=
1
_ _

t
2.- Receiver volume 3.- Mass change during a cycle in receiver
V
n
= 0.56 Nm/s
P
atm_loc
= 80 kPa
t
loc
= 10 C
Normal flow rate data Operation absolute pressure
P
op
= P
atm_loc
+ P
op
V
n
= 2,025
Nm
3
/h
P
atm_loc
= 80
P
n
= 101,325 Pa P
op
= 0
T
n
= 273.15 K P
op
= 80.00
P
op
= 80,000
Local atmospheric pressure
P
atm_loc
= 80 kPa Real volumetric flow rate
V = (P
n
/P
op
) * (T
op
/T
n
) * V
n
Operating conditions P
n
= 101,325
P
op
= 0 kPa (g) T
n
= 273.15
t
op
= 10 C P
op
= 80,000
T
op
= 283.15
Operation absolute temperature V
n
= 2,025.0
T
op
= t
op
+ 273.15 V = 2,658.7
t
op
= 10 C
T
op
= 283.15 K V = 0.74
Rev. cjc 26.02.2013
1.- Normal flow rate to real flow rate

Operation absolute pressure
kPa
kPa (g)
kPa
Pa
(P
n
/P
op
) * (T
op
/T
n
) * V
n
Pa
K
Pa
C
Nm
3
/h
m
3
/h
m/s
Rev. cjc 26.02.2013
1.- Normal flow rate to real flow rate
[1] Drucklufttechnick
http://www.drucklufttechnik.de/www/temp/e/drucklfte.nsf/b741591d8029bb7dc1256633006a1729/5F554A457EAD0253C1256625007D993D?OpenDocument
[2] Kaeser
http://us.kaeser.com/Online_Services/Toolbox/Air_receiver_sizes/default.asp
[3] BlakeandPendleton
http://www.blakeandpendleton.com/uploadedfiles/pdf/06-010504.012%20Compressed%20Air%20Storage.pdf
[4] Air Technologies
http://www.compressedairgorilla.com/Sizing_the_air_receiver.pdf
[5] Chemical & Process Technology
http://webwormcpt.blogspot.com/2008/08/air-receiver-doubt-on-scfm-cfm.html
[6] Pneumatic Handbook
http://books.google.cl/books?id=hnfzKhMdwisC&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104&dq=air+receiver+volume+calculation&source=bl&ots=VqUwBXOWhb&sig=LA_2gJcHxYAlomgFqIMsTMg8ls4&hl=es-419&sa=X&ei=FuQnUdn3MsTX2QWG9oHAAg&ved=0CCwQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=air%20receiver%20volume%20calculation&f=false
[7] Atlas Copco
Compressed_Air_Manual_tcm46-1249312
[8] Piping-Designer
http://www.piping-designer.com/Calculation:Air_Receiver_Sizing

To see hiden sheets, right click on any sheet label and unhide the desired sheet
4.- Normal state
http://www.drucklufttechnik.de/www/temp/e/drucklfte.nsf/b741591d8029bb7dc1256633006a1729/5F554A457EAD0253C1256625007D993D?OpenDocument
http://us.kaeser.com/Online_Services/Toolbox/Air_receiver_sizes/default.asp
http://www.blakeandpendleton.com/uploadedfiles/pdf/06-010504.012%20Compressed%20Air%20Storage.pdf
http://webwormcpt.blogspot.com/2008/08/air-receiver-doubt-on-scfm-cfm.html
http://books.google.cl/books?id=hnfzKhMdwisC&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104&dq=air+receiver+volume+calculation&source=bl&ots=VqUwBXOWhb&sig=LA_2gJcHxYAlomgFqIMsTMg8ls4&hl=es-419&sa=X&ei=FuQnUdn3MsTX2QWG9oHAAg&ved=0CCwQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=air%20receiver%20volume%20calculation&f=false
1.- References
2.- Receiver volume
3.- Inlet compressor
4.- Normal state
http://books.google.cl/books?id=hnfzKhMdwisC&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104&dq=air+receiver+volume+calculation&source=bl&ots=VqUwBXOWhb&sig=LA_2gJcHxYAlomgFqIMsTMg8ls4&hl=es-419&sa=X&ei=FuQnUdn3MsTX2QWG9oHAAg&ved=0CCwQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=air%20receiver%20volume%20calculation&f=false
http://books.google.cl/books?id=hnfzKhMdwisC&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104&dq=air+receiver+volume+calculation&source=bl&ots=VqUwBXOWhb&sig=LA_2gJcHxYAlomgFqIMsTMg8ls4&hl=es-419&sa=X&ei=FuQnUdn3MsTX2QWG9oHAAg&ved=0CCwQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=air%20receiver%20volume%20calculation&f=false