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Wireless Multimedia Systems

Spring, 2005 (HOMEWORK 1, Due Day: :00!M, Mar"# 1$, 2005% &ms#&'&mla()"sie)ntu)edu)t& (ele"tr*ni" su(missi*ns% #ttp:++inrg)"sie)ntu)edu)t&+"*urse+&ms 1) !t t#e start *, 21st "entury, t#e &ireless m*(ile mar-ets are &itnessing unpre"edented gr*&t# ,ueled (y a in,*rmati*n e.pl*si*n and a te"#n*l*gy re/*luti*n) (!% E.plain (1% t#e trend in t#e radi* ,re0uen"y (2% t#e trend in t#e m*(ile net&*r- area) (1% 2an y*u des"ri(e #*& m*(ile internet re/*luti*ni3es t#e ser/i"es t#at "an (e pr*/ided t* "*nsumers in t#e rig#t pla"e and at t#e rig#t time4 (2% 2an y*u e.plain t#e di,,eren"es (et&een per/asi/e "*mputing and m*(ile "*mputing in terms *, l*"ali3ed s"ala(ility4 (A)(1)In the radio frequency arena, the trend is to move from narrowband to wideband with a family of standards tailored to a variety of application needs. (2)In the mobile network area, the trend is to move from traditional circuit switched systems to packet switched pro!rammable networks that inte!rate both voice and packet services, and eventually evolve toward an all I" network. (#)$ireless mobile communications may not only complement the well established wire line network% it may also become a serious competitor in years to come. (&)In pervasive computin!, the density of interactions has to fall off as one moves away% otherwise, both the user and his computin! system will be overwhelmed by distant interactions that are of little relevance. Althou!h a mobile user far from home will still !enerate some distant interactions with sites relevant to him, the preponderance of his'her interactions will be local. 2) (!% Dis"uss t#e similarities and di,,eren"es (et&een a "*n/enti*nal "ellular radi* system and a spa"e5(ased (satellite% "ellular radi* system) W#at are t#e ad/antages and disad/antages *, ea"# system4 W#i"# system "*uld supp*rt a larger num(er *, users ,*r a gi/en ,re0uen"y all*"ati*n4 W#y4 (1% 6*day, airplanes seem t* (e t#e last remaining islands &#ere m*(ile "*mmuni"ati*ns and 7nternet a""ess are n*t a/aila(le) D* y*u #a/e any s*luti*n ,*r depl*ying t#e m*(ile "*mmuni"ati*ns and 7nternet a""ess in t#e airplane4 (A) conventional cellular radio system( (1).advanta!e a. b. (2).disadventa!e a.)*.+ b.!"#$%&'( c.)*+,-

space based (satellite) cellular radio system (1).advanta!e a.)*./ (0123) b.45678 (2).disadvanta!e a.+,9 b.:;<=>?@ABCDEF c.!G/"HI$JKLM$NOC PQ4HI$ ,herefore, conventional cellular radio system could support a lar!er number of users for a !iven frequency allocation because of space based (satellite) cellular radio system is too e-pensive for common users and its quality isn.t !ood enou!h for voice communication. (#)R45 space based (satellite) cellular radio system, STU)*./ JK45678 , VWXYZ[\ Ap ]H^ , N45_`a bcde. 8) Des"ri(e t#e di,,eren"e (et&een ad #*" (multi5#*p% m*de net&*r- and "ellular in,rastru"ture (single5#*p% m*de net&*r-) W#i"# *ne "*uld (e depl*yed dynami"ally4 W#i"# *ne mig#t re0uire distri(uted s"#emes4 7n y*ur *pini*n, is t#at p*ssi(le t#e ne.t generati*n net&*r- &ill (e in,rastru"ture5less, sel, *rgani3ed net&*r-s4 (1) !"#$%&T/in!le hop 'multi hop ()*/in!le hop +*,-./%01234561789:;<+=>*?% @AB!0/1 CD+EFmobile station'GHIbase stationJ#K LMN8multi hop +*OP>Jf&Q*8R,-ST<U%VWX 2Y+=>*Z[\*OP>7],-K^*_`aUb5 relaycdH[+=>

(2)2(1)e%fmulti hop could be deployed dynamically (3)g(2) multi hop mi!ht require distributed schemes (4)hijZkVl6])mnopbqrstu g8R!vVlwxyz { * it.s possible the ne-t !eneration network will be infrastructure less, self or!ani2ed networks 9) Des"ri(e t#e di,,eren"e (et&een t#e ,irst generati*n m*(ile &ireless "ellular system, t#e se"*nd generati*n m*(ile &ireless "ellular system and t#e t#ird generati*n m*(ile &ireless "ellular system) Des"ri(e t#eir

di,,erent user (ase e.pansi*n) 2an y*u *,,er reas*ns ,*r ,ast gr*&t# ,*r t#e se"*nd generati*n m*(ile &ireless "ellular net&*r- industry4 ,he ,irst generati*n m*(ile &ireless "ellular system ( It.s analo! and based on frequency division multiple- (341) technolo!y. ,he se"*nd generati*n m*(ile &ireless "ellular system (2:%( 4i!ital technolo!y standards included 0lobal /ystem for 1obile &ommunications, I/ 156, I/ 7+, and "ersonal 4i!ital &ellular("4&). 4i!ital technolo!y has not only improved voice quality and services, but more important, si!nificantly reduced the cost of handset and infrastructure systems, leadin! to further acceleration of the industry8s !rowth since the mid 177*s. ,he t#ird generati*n m*(ile &ireless "ellular system (8:% ( It will si!nificantly improve the spectral efficiency and possibly the cost of the system, a more profound feature is the si!nificant improvement of its data and multimedia capabilities. ,he reasons for fast !rowth for 20 industry are that( first, the industry8s consumer base was chan!ed from the number of vehicles to the number of people, which is a much lar!er base. /econd, the function of the phones was also chan!ed from bein! able to call from a vehicle to bein! able to call from anywhere. 5) 7, a t*tal *, 88 MH3 *, (and&idt# is all*"ated t* a parti"ular "ellular telep#*ne system t#at uses t&* 255-H3 simple. "#annels t* pr*/ide ,ull duple. /*i"e "#annels, "*mpute t#e num(er *, simultane*us "alls t#at "an (e supp*rted per "ell *, a system users: (!% ;DM! (1% 6DM! &it# <5&ay time multiple.ing !ssume t#at additi*nal (and&idt# is reser/ed ,*r t#e "*ntr*l "#annels) (A) 55192' (2+k92:2) ;66* < (#) 55192'(2+k92:2);66* 66*:=;+2=* < ( h I = way ij klmnob pq>) /ols( 1. (A) (1)In the radio frequency arena, the trend is to move from narrowband to wideband with a family of standards tailored to a variety of application needs. (2)In the mobile area network, the trend is to move from traditional circuit switched systems to packet switched pro!rammable networks that inte!rate both voice and packet services, and eventually evolve toward an all I" network. (#) Accompanied by wireless mobile location technolo!y, wireless mobile Internet is

e-pected to revolutioni2e the services that can be provided to consumers in the ri!ht place and at the ri!ht time. ,here are two types of !eolocation techniques, one based on the network and the other on the handset. In network based solutions, the !eolocation information is !enerally estimated throu!h the timin!, arrival an!le, and stren!th of the si!nals received from handset. 9owever, 9andset based techniques are mainly based on satellite si!nals usin! the 0lobal "ositionin! /ystem (0"/). (&) mobile computing: ,ypically i!nore physical distance. A web server or file server should handle as many clients as possible, re!ardless of whether they are located ne-t door or across the country. pervasive computing: ,he density of interactions has to fall off as the user moves away% otherwise, both the user and his computin! system will be overwhelmed by distant interactions that are of little relevance. 2. (a) ,he satellite based systems, which are like cellular radio systems, is base station systems. It also could provide limited quality voice and'or very limited data or messa!in!. ,he difference from cellular radio systems is that they are very widespread covera!e (often !lobal). ,hey are e-pensive, too. "roposed satellite systems are low earth orbit (?@A/) systems (ten to hundreds of satellites), medium hei!ht systems (1@A/), !eostationary or !eosysnchronous orbit systems (0@A/)(fewer than ten satellites). ?@A/ could provide hi!her capacity and less transmission delay while 0@A/ only require a few (perhaps three) satellites to cover the earth. (b)!d/antage( to provide lar!e re!ional or !lobal covera!e to users outside buildin!s. /atellite systems can complement terrestrial cellular or "&/ systems in low population density areas. Disad/antage( 1. 4ifficult to provide adequate link mar!in to cover inside buildin!s, or even to cover locations shadowed by buildin!s, trees or mountains.
2.difficult to provide from earth orbit the small coverage cells that are necessary for providing high overall systems capacity from frequency reuse.

(c)&ellular radio systems can provide small covera!e cells to support a lar!er number of users for a !iven frequency allocation. ,o achieve this, more satellites are needed. /atellites are more e-pensive than cellular radio systems, so it is costly to serve the same number of customers. In fact, satellite systems are not likely to compete favorably with terrestrial systems in populated areas, or even alon! well traveled hi!hways. It remains to be seen whether there will be enou!h users with enou!h money in low population density re!ions of the world to make satellite mobile systems economically viable. 5. (A) ,here are several differences between ad hoc mode network and cellular

infrastructure. ,he maBor difference is network topolo!y. ,he Ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile hosts formin! a temporary network without the aid of any centrali2ed administration. #esides, ad hoc networks are basically peer to peer multi hop mobile wireless networks where information packets are transmitted in a store and forward method from source to destination. 9owever, cellular infrastructure means that the mobile mode must connect to one base station where the mobile node is currently located, and base station acts as a !ateway to the rest of the world. 9ence, due to the network topolo!y, another difference is the cellular infrastructure network can easily mana!e network utili2ation and avoid radio interference but ad hoc network can not. #esides, routin! techniques, mobility pattern, channel allocation are also differences. (#) ,he ad hoc network could be deployed dynamically because it is an autonomous system of mobile host (also servin! as router) connected by wireless links, the union of which forms a network modeled in the form of an arbitrary communication !raphs. ,he routers are free to move at any speed in any direction and or!ani2e themselves randomly. ,hus, the network.s wireless topolo!y may dynamically chan!e in an unpredictable manner. (&) Ad hoc network also need distributed schemes. 3or e-ample, the routin! protocol for ad hoc network needs dynamic, self startin! behavior. C. 3irst 0eneration (10) ,echnolo!y Analo! cellular technolo!y /econd 0eneration (20 or 2.+0) 4i!ital cellular technolo!y ,hird 0eneration (50) 4i!ital cellular technolo!y Dadio terminal technolo!y ?ate .7* 2*** Foice 9i!h /peed 4ata 3a Falue added services 1ultimedia

,ime

@arly E=* Foice

,ransfer capabilities

@arly E7* Foice 4ata 3a Falue added services

Anly a very few analo! systems remain in e-istence A1"/ (Advanced 1obile "hone /ystem) G1, ,A&/

@volvin! with ever increasin! data rates via new technolo!ies 0/1 (0lobal /ystem for 1obile &ommunications ) ,IA'@IA 156 (,elecom. Industry Association' @lectronic Industries Alliance) &dmaAneHI/ 7+ (Interim /tandard 7+) "4& ("ersonal'"acific 4i!ital &ommunications ) 9/&/4 (9i!h /peed &ircuit /witched 4ata) 0"D/ (0eneral "acket Dadio /ervice) I/ ,41A (I/H156)

/ystems

@-pected to provide hi!h speed data transmission in wireless devices $&41A 4/ ($ideband &ode 4ivision 1ultiple Access) 1& &41A (1ulti &arrier &ode 4ivision 1ultiple Access) I,DA ,44 (Iniversal 1obile ,elephone /ystem ,errestrial Dadio Access ,ime 4ivision 4uple-)

+. (A) If this system uses 341A technolo!y, the simultaneous calls that can be supported per cell of a system user are

( 55MHz ) = 66* 2+KHz 2


(#) If this system uses ,41A technolo!y with = way time multiple-in!, the simultaneous calls that can be supported per cell of a system user are

( 55MHz ) = = +2=* 2+ KHz 2

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