Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Revision-A
SI. No.
Type of Protection
87T>
(T2D1 )
87T>>
64R LV
64R LV
64R HV
51s-EFR LV I_base STAGE-1 I1> t1> STAGE-2 I2> t2> I3> t3> STAGE-4 I4> t4>
STAGE-3
51s-EFR HV I_base STAGE-1 I1> t1> I2> t2> I3> t3> STAGE-4 I4> t4>
STAGE-2
STAGE-3
Operation
2000/1A (11 kV Side) %Z = 12.5% ( TAKE FROM Name plate of trafo. ) Vector group = YNyn0
IdMin
End section 1
Idunre
OpNegSeqDiff =
Idmin (%) ROA Relay operate angle Operate voltage Operate time Operate voltage Operate time Series Resistor Operate voltage Operate time Operate voltage Operate time Series Resistor Base Current Setting Dir mode Ibase
IN1>/ Ib
1st-stage NA
t11> k11>
DT setting TMS
IN2>/ Ib
2nd-stage NA
3rd-stage NA
t1 3> k1 3>
DT setting TMS
NEW SETTINGS
OLD SETTINGS.
Remarks
ange
0.10-0.60
0.25 * Ibase.
Inst
0.2 - 1.5
1.25 * Ibase.
10.0 -50.0 % 1.0 -10 30.0 -100.0 % 100- 5000 % of Ibase ----5-100 % of fn 5-100 % of fn -----
10 * Ibase.
Inst
0.04 * Iopr. 60 30% 60 Inst This settings may not be applicable - while we have adopted High -Impedence based REFR-Protection.
4.0 -100.0 60 - 90 Degrees ( 2 -500 ) V 0 - 60 sec ( 5 -900 ) V ----10 -20000 Ohms. ( 2 -500 ) V 0 - 60 sec ( 5 -900 ) V ----10 -20000 Ohms. 1.0 -2500.0 % Ibase ----0 - 60 Secs 0.05 - 999 1.0 -2500.0 % Ibase ----0 - 60 Secs 0.05 - 999 1.0 -2500.0 % Ibase ----0 - 60 Secs 0.05 - 999
30% 60 N/A N/A 109.5 V ---396 ohms. N/A N/A 63 V ---250 ohms. 20% * Ibase Non directional ---0.15 Secs
Inst
This settings may not be applicable - while we have adopted High -Impedence based REFR-Protection.
see ANNEXURE-01
15% * Ibase Non directional ---0.15 Secs 10% * Ibase Non directional ---0.15 Secs 2.0 sec. NI 0.15 Secs 1.5 sec. NI 0.15 Secs
PACP
Operation
(T2D1 )
2000/1A (11 kV Side) %Z = 12.5% ( TAKE FROM Name plate of trafo. ) Vector group = YNyn0
IdMin
0.10-0.60
0.25 * Ibase.
Inst
End section 1
0.2 - 1.5
1.25 * Ibase.
10.0 -50.0 % 1.0 -10 30.0 -100.0 % 100- 5000 % of Ibase ----5-100 % of fn 5-100 % of fn -----
87T>>
OpNegSeqDiff =
IMinNegSeq = NegSeqROA 3 Restricted Earth fault Protection ( Low impedance bsed.) 64R HV Restricted Earth fault Protection (High Impedence based.) ABB - RET 670 ABB - RET 670 64R LV 2000/1A (11 kV Side) Idmin (%) ROA
Setting of minimum negative sequence (0.01 - 0.10 )* Iopr. differential current level Relay operate angle 60 - 90 Degrees 4.0 -100.0 Relay operate angle 60 - 90 Degrees 4.0 -100.0 Relay operate angle Operate voltage Operate time Operate voltage Operate time Series Resistor Operate voltage Operate time Operate voltage Operate time Series Resistor 60 - 90 Degrees ( 2 -500 ) V 0 - 60 sec ( 5 -900 ) V ----10 -20000 Ohms. ( 2 -500 ) V 0 - 60 sec ( 5 -900 ) V ----10 -20000 Ohms.
0.04 * Iopr. 60 30% 60 30% 60 N/A N/A 109.5 V ---396 ohms. N/A N/A 63 V ---250 ohms. Inst 5.0 sec. see ANNEXURE-01 Inst 5.0 sec. see ANNEXURE-01 Inst Inst This settings may not be applicable - while we have adopted High Impedence based REFR-Protection.
64R LV
64R HV
Page 10 of 21
PACP
IN1>/ Ib
IN2>/ Ib
1.0 -2500.0 % Ibase ----0 - 60 Secs 0.05 - 999 1.0 -2500.0 % Ibase ----0 - 60 Secs 0.05 - 999
15% * Ibase see ANNEXURE-01 --Non directional ---0.15 Secs 10% * Ibase Non directional ---0.15 Secs 2.0 sec. NI 0.15 Secs 1.5 sec. NI 0.15 Secs see ANNEXURE-01
2nd-stage NA
3rd-stage NA
t1 3> k1 3>
DT setting TMS
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PACP
600/1A ( in NGR )
IN1>/ Ib
IN2>/ Ib
1.0 -2500.0 % Ibase ----0 - 60 Secs 0.05 - 999 1.0 -2500.0 % Ibase ----0 - 60 Secs 0.05 - 999 on. 0.05 - 2000 volts. 35 -75 Hz. 0 -100 % Of UB 0 -60 sec. 0 -60 sec. 0 -60 sec. 45 - 65 Hz. DT 50 -150 % Ub 50 -150 % Ub 0.0 - 5.0 0.01 -60 sec. 0.01 -60 sec. off 0.05 - 2000 volts. 35 -75 Hz. 0 -100 % Of UB 0 -60 sec. 0 -60 sec.
25% * Ibase Non directional ---0.15 Secs 30% * Ibase Non directional ---0.15 Secs 1.0 sec. NI 0.15 Secs 1.5 sec. NI 0.15 Secs
2nd-stage NA
3rd-stage NA 6 Under Frequency . Protection. ABB - RET 670 81.U 132KV / 110 Volts.
DT setting TMS on /Off Base voltage setting Freq setting / start value. Internal_Blocking _Level in % Of Ubase Time delay operate Time delay Reset Time delay Restore Restore freq.
132 KV 48.8 Hz. 50% 0.2 sec. 0.0 sec. 0.0 sec. 50.10 Hz. ---100 90 1 1 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A see ANNEXURE-01
f<
Timer Operation
81.O
on /Off Base voltage setting Freq setting / start value. Internal_Blocking _Level in % Of Ubase Time delay operate Time delay Reset
132 KV 51.20 Hz. see ANNEXURE-01 50% 0.0 sec. 0.0 sec.
f>
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PACP
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PACP
DT =01 0.10 - 5.00 xIn. 0.05 - 300 Secs 0.05 - 1.00 0.5 - 15 Inst. = 02 0.10 - 40 xIn. 0.05 - 300 Secs
31> 0.7 0.05 0.05 0.5 31>> 2 0.05 DT- 0.05 SECS. see ANNEXURE-02 IDMT
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PACP
see ANNEXURE-01
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PACP
see ANNEXURE-01
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APPM-MDP
a) Initial setting:( Idmin) ; --- This setting covers the un-balance created in the differential operating current by the On load Tap changer. In our case the the Tap changer limits are +10% to -15% , and hence the mean tap value : [ 10 +(-15) ] / 2 = - 2.5% and so, the Hv -amps @ mean tap value =[109.35 / (1-0.0250 ] = 112.154 Amps, which corresponds to 2.56% variation in the HV-currents when mean value is considered. Also,in practice typically the initial minimum differentialpick up value for power trafos with OLTC is set between 30% - 40% . However, RET-670 is in-built with OLTC compensation factor and it is possible to set the Id(min) to more sensitive pick up value between ( 15% to 20% ) .Thus we preferred to se the Idmin = 0.25 of Ibase. b) Endsection-1 setting: ; --- This is the most sensitive part of the charecteristic.Uncompensated OLTC currents are the reason for the existing of false diff currents in this region. so, the slope in this section is always zero.The end lit of this section is set at 1.25 after ensuring the risk of higher false differential currents relatively low.Also,this is the defualt setting set in the RET-670. c) Slopesection-2 , End section-2 ,Slopesection-3 ; --- These settings are typically adopted to form the Differntial -curve as shown above. The curve with these setting is suitable for various applications as per the Technical -reference manual-rev-b (p-116) .Also, the basis for these settings are as descibed in the technical reference manuals. d) Unrestrain -high set ,Idunre ; --- This setting by defualt set at 10.This setting ensures the operation instantaneously, as without any doubt this big differential current occurs only due to internal fualts. Also, this by-passes the harmonic test in its operation and so, called unstabilised operation.( Technical -reference manual-rev-b (p-115) 2) 64R-HV & 64R-LV -TRAFO.HIGH IMPEDENCE BASED RESTRICTED EARTH FUALT PROTECTION : It is a common known fact that ( compared to Low impedence based REFR protection) , High impedence based protections are highly sensitive, accurate & fast operating. Since, high impedence based protections are current / voltage based , and hence makes use of METROSIL & STABILIZING RESISTOR in it's circuit is evident due to high-impedence occurance. The settings for Metrosil and Stablising resistor are as under : CTR -HV = 150 / 1A . R nct = ( as per the field test data ) 2.0 ohms. Rct= 2.0 ohms.
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APPM-MDP
Rs = Us / Ir ----- 1 Rs = The resistance of the stabilizing circuit. Us = The stabilizing voltage of the Relay.. Ir = The setting value of the Relay.. Us = If / CTR [ Rct + Rlead ] -------- 2 If = Max. expected Through fault current. CTR = phase & nuetral common CT Ratio. Rct = Internal CT secondary resistance of the Circuit. Rl = R of Longest loop of secondary circuit.
Uk > = 2 * Us --------- 3 , where Uk = Knee point voltage of the Relay. And factor 2 is used when no operate delay permitted for protection. I prim = CTR* [ Ir + Inr + m x Ie ] ----- 4 Iprim = prim. Operating Current of the relay. Ir = setting value of the Relay. Inr = Current through the Non-Linear Resistance m = no of CT's in the circuit. / no of CT's in parallel. Ie = Excitation current of the CT @ Us. Ie = 0.5 * I0 ------- 5 Io = Excitation current of the relay @ Uk Ir recommended > = m x Ie = m x 0.5 x Io ( as per the technical manual ) Also, as per the Relay manuals and pratice , If ( max. thro fualt current ) = 16 x IfL ---- for small Transformers. = 12 x IfL ---- for Big Transformers. = 6 x IfL ---- for Generators. IfL ---- > Full load current of the Transformer /Generator. Also, the sensitivity requirements for the protection are jeopardize if the magnetizing current of the CT's at Vk is too high. The Iprim Vaue at which the Relay operates at certain settings can be calculated using the formula. As in the eqn --- 4. TRANSFORMER DATA : MVA = 20 /25 ONAN /ONAF KV -Rating. : 132 /11.5 KV % Z = 12.5 P.u ON 20 MVA BASE. Vector group : YNyn. Tap Change Limit : +10 % to -15% @ 1.25% Nct -Ratio = 150 /1A Uk -Nct = 150 Volts. ( as phase CT's are designed for Uk> 400volts,Hence the chances getting saturated is minimum.) Excitation current for NCT < 30 mA @ Vk / 2.
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APPM-MDP
Calculations for REFR -HV : Rnct = 2.0 ohms , Rlead = 2.0 ohms. & Rct(ph) = 4.0 ohms. ( for calculations Rct(ph) shall be taken or which ever is Higher.) Nct -Ratio = 150 /1A Uk -Nct = 150 Volts. ( as phase CT's are designed for Uk> 400volts,Hence the chances getting saturated is minimum.) Excitation current for NCT < 30 mA @ Vk /2 ( considering the worst case ). IfL -HV = 109.35A , CTR= 150 If = ( %Z ) x IfL = 12.5 x 109.35 = 1367 A ( Max. expected through fault current expected. ) Uk = (required) = 2 x Us. = 2 x If / CTR [ Rct + Rlead ] = 2 x (1367 / 150) [4 +2 ] = 109.36 volts.=110 V (approx.) As Uk is >>> than 150 V as per the Trafo. Name plate data for NCT.The operation of protection would be ensured perfectly. And is not a case dependent. Us =Uk /2 = 54.68 volts.=55 V (approx.) Now, since the RET-670 adopts High-Impedence scheme with voltage as operand. Hence, the Stabilizing Resistor , Rs= 250 ohms. & Us>= 63volts. The setting to adopted is = 115% of Us> = 1.15 x 55 = 63 (Approx.) volts. Ip(prim) = (Sentivity current measured) = CTR { Ir + I_nlr + n x Ie } Ir = Current through the Relay @ voltage Us> = 63/250 = 252 mA . Inlr = Current through the Non- Linear Resistor = (from the graph.) = 5 mA. nxIe = no. of CT's and their average Excitation currents. = (0.0504+3x0.0252) = 126mA.(approx.) Ip(prim) = (Sentivity current measured) = CTR { Ir + I_nlr + n x Ie }= 150{ 252+5+126 } = 57.45 A. This is well below the value minimum fualt current, and only constitute 38.3 % of Rated CT current. Also, As, per the above description , The Ir >= m x 0.5 x Io = 4 x 0.5 x ( 0.030 x 2 ) = 0.12 A so, the setting is safe. Hence, the Stabilizing Resistor , Rs= 250 ohms. & Us>= 63volts. Calculations for REFR -LV : Rnct = 4.0 ohms , Rct (ph) = 10.0 ohms. & Rlead = 2.0 ohms.( for calculations Rct(ph) shall be taken or which ever is Higher. ) IfL -LV = 1255.15A , CTR= 2000/1A Nct -Ratio = 2000 /1A Uk -Nct = >300 Volts. ( as phase CT's are also,designed for Uk> 300volts,Hence the chances getting saturated is minimum.) Excitation current for NCT < 30 mA @ Vk / 4. If = ( %Z ) x IfL = 12.5 x 1255.15 = 15690 A ( Max. expected through fault current expected. ) Uk = (required) = 2 x Us. = 2 x If / CTR [ Rct + Rlead ] = 2 x (15690 / 2000) [ 10 +2 ] = 188.3 volts.=189 V (approx.) As Uk is >>> than 300 V as per the NGR. Name plate data for NCT.The operation of protection would be ensured perfectly. And is not a case dependent. Us =Uk /2 = 94.14 volts.=95 V (approx.)
Hence, the Stabilizing Resistor , Rs= Us/Ir. = 95 / 0.24 =395.83 = 396 Ohms (approx.) Now, since the RET-670 adopts High-Impedence scheme with voltage as operand. The setting to adopted is = 115% of Us> = 1.15 x 95 = 109.5 (Approx.) volts. Calculation of Stabilizing Resistor : As per manuals of RET , This can be directly selected to a value Rs=396 ohms . Now , this value of resistor should satisfy the below eqn. Ip(prim) = (Sentivity current measured) = CTR { Ir + I_nlr + n x Ie } Ir = Current through the Relay @ voltage Us> = 109.5/396 = 276.5 mA . Inlr = Current through the Non- Linear Resistor = (from the graph.) = 5 mA. nxIe = no. of CT's and their average Excitation currents. = (0.0544+3x0.0544) = 218mA.(approx.) Ip(prim) = (Sentivity current measured) = CTR { Ir + I_nlr + n x Ie }= 2000{ 276.5+5+218 } = 999.0 A. This is well below the value minimum fualt current, and only constitute 49.95 % of Rated CT current. Also, As, per the above description , The Ir >= m x 0.5 x Io = 4 x 0.5 x ( 0.030 x 4 ) = 0.24 A so, the setting is safe. Hence, the Stabilizing Resistor , Rs= 396 ohms. & Us>= 109.5 volts.
Page 19 of 21
APPM-MDP
3)
51Ns -HV & LV : The stand by earth-fualt protection , is mainly to Protect the NGR from over heating due to Fualt current exceeding the rated current rating of the NGR. .So, the settings adopted have to be set in Definite time mode depending upon it's thermal current rating of the Transformer. The rated duty of the NGR is our case is 600A for 30 secs. And hence , the settings should be planned such that the HV - S/b EFR should trip HV-Breaker , and LV - S/b EFR should trip LV -Breaker , compeletely isolating the Transformer from the circuit. However , as discussed in the prior meeting held with Mr.B.D.Shaw,if the Lower rating -NGR that are existing in the System , then it's setting should be minimised to the value of Lower -rating NGR or 90% of that. We have attached a document on S/B EFR Protection with this for your reference. Hence, the setting should be adopted for HV S/B EFR : CTR= 150 /1A , Io > setting= approx.( 15 % - considering the Lowest rating NGR ,rating = 100A ,Else 85% - considering the rated ampacity of the NGR.) Time setting: definite time , and should be with in the Rated duty of NGR i.e 3.0 secs. LV S/B EFR : CTR= 600 /1A , Io > setting= approx.( 15 % - considering the Lowest rating NGR ,rating = 100A .)
4)
99 (24) : Over fluxing Protection. Actual set limits for this protection should be in accordance with the data submitted by the ' Trafo. Manufacturer. " . However , the default settings of as in the relay , suits for most of the applications. These default settings programmed at ABB Factory , after a detailed study of Most -common and most versatile applications. As pe the TRAFo. " Permissible Over-excitation Curve " ( attached with mail.) . Some Important Factors / Notes for Over fluxing Protection: 1) Over excitaion occurs from the excessive applied voltage, possibly in combination with below normal Frequency. Such conditions are very often , when Transformers are directly connected to the Generators. 2) Bmax is directly proportional to the Induced voltage., as E = 4.44 x f x n x Bmax . A 3) The calculation of the relative ( M ) ,is based on the V/Hz ratio.. 4) As per IEC 60076-1 , All transformers shall be capable of operating continuously at 10% above rated voltage. On that basis the setting range is 100 - 150%. & if the User does not know what exactly to be set , then th e standard IEC-60076 -1 section-4.4 suggests defualt value V/Hz > = 1.10 p.u. 5) As long as the E/f or V/F did not cross the relative value (M) set of the relay, the Trafo. Is not overexcited. The relative over excitation is thus defined as Over excitaion = M - V/Hz > 6) Operatin Time of the Overexcitation Protection : The most famous Law ,so called IEEE Law approximates a square Law and has been choosen based on the analysis of the various transformers over excitation capability charecteristics. They can match a well a transformer core capability. t op = 0.18 x k [ M - V/Hz>)2 .= 0.18 x k / ( Overexcitaton ) . Where: M -- is the , Mean value in the interval from t=0 to t=top . V/Hz > ---- is the Max. continously allowed voltage at no -Load and rated Frequency , in p.u . & K ----- is the time multiplier setting for the inverse time functions as usual & selects one curve frim the family of Curves. Since , from - " Trfo. Data curves " over Excitation of beyond 110% is not allowed so, for Our setting of V/Hz > 110 % of Vr /fr is set and is same as default. Also, the Alarm setting in the relay is in-built and is 2% less than the set value , with a definite time delay of set limit - Tmin. And all other settings are as in the setting chart. We have attached a " over -Excitation Protection basis for your reference along with the Trafo. Over-Excitaion Curve.
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APPM-MDP
5)
81.O & 81.U - or df/dt Protection. : ( RET-670 ) The basis for this settings when derived from the over excitation limits ( V/Hz - ratio limits) along with the Under & Over voltage set limits , The values found to be extremely high or extremely low , such as ( f > becomes 55 Hz. & f < becomes 36 Hz.) ,Hence, these limits are set in accordance with the ELECTRICITY Regulatory Rules bound to that region. We request M/s Customer to do this setting at site.However, we maintained the same defualt settings for this application.
6)
27 & 59 - Protection. : ( REXEG-21 ) These settings are based on the common practice adopted at most of the installations. Also, the same values are acceptable to most of the Electricity Boards across India. The values adopted are --- 110% of the 110V = 121 volts. ( PT -secondary Rated-value ) --- for Over voltage Limits & ---- 70% of the 110V = 77 Volts ( PT -secondary Rated-value ) --- for Under voltage Limits
7)
50/51, 50N/51N, 67 & 67N - Protection. : ( Rex-521) These settings are based on the relay co-ordination study , and direction is also based on the study whre in if the non-directional Overcurrent grading is set to follow relay cordination timings , then the Directional - OCR shall be graded fastly to look towards that direction where the former gives graded timing with a substantial time delay. Also, the current settings for these Relays are the full-load current of the Equipment / Feeder.So, we have achieved in this settings, whreas the setting of TMS , needs a DETAILED STUDY.
Calculations for REFR -LV : Rnct = 4.0 ohms , Rct (ph) = 10.0 ohms. & Rlead = 2.0 ohms.( for calculations Rct(ph) shall be taken or which ever is Higher. ) IfL -LV = 15690 A , CTR= 2000/1 A Nct -Ratio = 2000 /1A Uk -Nct = >300 Volts. ( as phase CT's are also,designed for Uk> 300volts,Hence the chances getting saturated is minimum.) Excitation current for NCT < 30 mA @ Vk / 4. If = ( %Z ) x IfL = 12.5 x 1255.15 = 15690 A ( Max. expected through fault current expected. ) Uk = (required) = 2 x Us. = 2 x If / CTR [ Rct + Rlead ] = 2 x (15690 / 2000) [ 10 +2 ] = 188.3 volts.=190 V (approx.) As Uk is >>> than 300 V as per the NGR. Name plate data for NCT.The operation of protection would be ensured perfectly. And is not a case dependent. Us =Uk /2 = 95 volts.=95 V (approx.) Now, since the RET-670 adopts High-Impedence scheme with voltage as operand. The setting to adopted is = 115% of Us> = 1.15 x 101 = 117 (Approx.) volts. Calculation of Stabilizing Resistor : As per manuals of RET , This can be directly selected to a value Rs=450 ohms . Now , this value of resistor should satisfy the below eqn. Ip(prim) = (Sentivity current measured) = CTR { Ir + I_nlr + n x Ie } Ir = Current through the Relay @ voltage Us> = 117/450 = 260 mA . Inlr = Current through the Non- Linear Resistor = (from the graph.) = 5 mA. nxIe = no. of CT's and their average Excitation currents. = (0.0544+3x0.0544) = 218mA.(approx.) Ip(prim) = (Sentivity current measured) = CTR { Ir + I_nlr + n x Ie }= 3000{ 260+5+218 } = 1449.0 A. This is well below the value minimum fualt current, and only constitute 48.3 % of Rated CT current. Also, As, per the above description , The Ir >= m x 0.5 x Io = 4 x 0.5 x ( 0.030 x 4 ) = 0.24 A so, the setting is safe. Hence, the Stabilizing Resistor , Rs= 450 ohms. & Us>= 117 volts.
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