CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Language is the basic skills are needed for real communication among people.

By using language, we will able to express our ideas and feeling. In Indonesia,

English language is learned the students as a foreign language. English must be

teach as early as possible, because language is a matter of behavior, in this case

in Indonesia which has different language with English. For the junior high

school student, English skill is very useful for their basic to learn English at

senior high school. By vocabulary, the students are expected to be able in

speaking, writing and listening.

Hatch and brown (1995 : 1) define the term "vocabulary" is a set or a list of word

particular language or that individual speakers of language might use. Fardhani

(1994 : 1) notes that vocabulary is an important area of language because

vocabulary or word are tools to express our thought. They can assist person to

understand thought of other communicate that ideas more clearly and effectively.
 From statement above, it is obvious that vocabulary takes a crucial role due

the fact that it is one of the components of language that should be owned in the

language learning include in learning English. Vocabulary is very important in effective

communication. So that, students who has many vocabulary will be easy in doing

communication to express ideas and feeling. The process of teaching vocabulary need

good materials and well preparation from the teacher. The researcher focus the study on

using picture in teaching vocabulary because picture is one of the visual aids that can be

used in teaching language.

Regarding the explanation above, the teacher must be able to use strategies

and technique in teaching and learning process. One of strategies may take by using

media in teaching and learning process. A proper media such as picture, can make

teacher's to presenting a material in class easier. Media in classroom are appropriate for

triggering ideas, turn the difficult subject or lesson to understand become easier and

understandable, and to holding attention on important ideas. It should lead students to

remember ideas by becoming more involving them to the teaching learning process or

to get the class attention to the lesson and widening their intellectual activity. Therefore,

the teaching and learning process become more effective and efficient to reach the goal

of education. Media as instrument, method and technique used by the teacher to make

an effective and communicative interaction between the teacher and the student during

the teaching and learning process in the class. Beside, it can also be used to arouse the

student participation anyhow something, which must be suitable with the subject or

material given. If the media which is not suitable with the lesson or the material it will

create
a different perception from the teacher and the student, so media can be the one will not

run well in teaching learning process.

Based on the ideas, picture can conclude that media and method are very

important part in teaching learning process. Picture will provide some more experience

for the students when they are studying English. Picture also provides meaningful

education and they will easy to remember the lesson. One of the teaching and that can

be used the teaching is picture. Picture will make students become more interest in the

subject, because it is very attracting, the more attracting pictures the better. Using

picture to explain or illustrate and media discussed for its own sake using it successfully

on vocabulary is currently receiving increased emphasis it the language teaching

curriculum.

When the students become more interest to the subject, the students can

increase their mastery vocabulary trough read and looking picture which is used in the

subject. After this phase has been throughout, the teacher can move his ideas to the

students easily and accepted perfectly by them. Teacher must has good creativity to

compose the picture, so the picture can help the teacher to explain the lesson and the

student can catch the teacher's explanation.

The researcher choose SMPN 10 Probolinggo as place to do the research

because the researcher was graduate from this school, so it makes given more useful

information for completing the thesis. In other hand SMPN 10 open handed to

researcher for education purpose. SMPN 10 Probolinggo also has some pictures as a

media that by the teacher during the teaching learning process. The researcher choose

the first grade student because commonly, the first grade students less on mastery

vocabulary, so that the researcher try to give picture on mastery vocabulary,

 trough picture students add their vocabulary and easy in doing communication to

express ideas and felling. SMPN 10 located in JL Soekarno Hatta no 263

Probolinggo. Th researcher chooses the VII D grade students, consist of 40

students. The English teacher (Azza Nuraida M.) said that the VII D grade

students in SMPN 10 Probolinggo use the KTSP (Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan

Pendidikan) for the media. The English teachers use the card and the tape

recorder to interest the students and to ease teaching learning process.

1.2 Research problem/statement problem

The problem to be discussed in this study is:

1. Is there a significant effect of using picture as a teaching media on vocabulary

mastery in SMPN 10 Probolinggo?

2. How far does it affect to the vocabulary teaching in SMPN 10 Probolinggo?

1.3 Purpose of the study

1. To investigate a significant effect of using picture as a teaching media on

mastery vocabulary in SMPN 10 Probolinggo.

2. To investigate how far it affect to the vocabulary in SMPN 10 Probolinggo.

1.4 Significant of the study

The importance of this study is to know the effect of using picture as a

teaching media on mastery vocabulary in SMPN 10 Probolinggo.

In theoretical, the significant of using picture as teaching media on

mastery vocabulary in SMPN 10 Probolinggo is important to develop mastery

 vocabulary for the teacher are to prove that picture is important to develop

vocabulary mastery. For the students, this thesis enrich picture is important to

develop their vocabulary mastery.

In practical, the significant of using picture as a teaching media on

mastery vocabulary in SMPN 10 Probolinggo, the students will know the

importance of a picture in learning vocabulary. Beside that, to motivate the

students improve their vocabulary, so that the students feel easy to study

vocabulary and feel easy to do exercise. For the other researcher, this research

result can be used an input for other researcher in applying media for teaching.

1.5 Scope and limitation

The writer only take two variable because limited time, knowledge

and reference. There are namely of picture and mastery vocabulary. The writer

conducted the research to VII D grade students of SMPN 10 Probolinggo.

Consist of 40 students.

1.6 Definition of the key terms

1. Picture as a teaching media

A picture as a teaching media means a tool of picture that used by the teacher

in the teaching learning process especially in teaching vocabulary English. A

picture can be used to attract the student's attention, so that they will get their

concept
2. Vocabulary mastery

Mastery vocabulary used in this level of knowledge of the students after

learning English, especially the knowledge on vocabulary.

3. Teaching vocabulary

Vocabulary has to be a very crucial thing when the students want to

express their ideas or feeling in communication. The process of teaching vocabulary

need good materials and well preparation from the teacher.

 CHAPTER II

Review to Related Literature

In this chapter, the researcher reports the teaching vocabulary-using picture.

Theory of vocabulary and previous study. The curriculum use in VII D grade students of

SMPN X is KTSP (Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan). In this researcher use two

units; (1) Greeting and Introduction, (2) Giving Instruction and Prohibition.

2.1. The curriculum of English Junior High School

The curriculum of English in Junior High School at is seven grade

students of SMPN 10 is relate the standard competence of the meaning

conversation (to get things done) as below; (1) The standard competences :

Comprehending in conversation about greeting and introduction fluently and

accepts in everyday life context. (2) The basic competence : Comprehending and

respone mean in conversation about greeting and introduction, fluently and

accepts in everyday life context. The experience of learning are; (1) Discussing

of greeting and introduction (2) Question and answer with picture about greeting

and introduction (3) One by one of students in front of the class do the exercise

questions picture with multiple choice (4) One of the student do conversation

with their classmate according the picture. (5) Questions and answer about

vocabulary mastery that they have from the picture. The allocation of time is 10 x

35, source or materials are used in learning by book, newspaper, internet and

worksheet.
2.2. Teaching vocabulary using picture

Vocabulary is very important in developing four language skills, such

as: reading listening, speaking and writing. The mastery vocabulary can be

easier for develop their skill.

In foreign language learning, media very important because its

increase the effectiveness of learning. So that the writer focus the study on using

picture in teaching vocabulary because picture is one of the visual aids for young

learners. Visual aids are very important in teaching a foreign language. Due

picture can tell more than many words. When word cannot explain, picture can

be representative and image something.

Based on opinion above, the writer focus the study on using picture in

teaching vocabulary because picture is one of the visual aids that can be used in

teaching language.

2.2.1. Picture as a teaching media

Pictures are considered as the most effective media, which

provide valuable assistance to students conveying ideas more easily and

fully than words. Picture used in the teaching learning process should be

show representative object and should be familiar with the student, so the

student will be easy to use and understand the picture. By looking the

picture, the students are encouraged to express their ideas.

2.2.1.1 Picture

Picture provides an excellent opportunity for the use of vocabulary

and it may stimulate the imagination encourage the student's participation in an

interactive classroom atmosphere so that they will get better result. Picture

often conveys meaning as effectively as words and may enhance memory

retention, especially when learner has to think about how to draw the meaning.

Picture in one the important media that can be used in the teaching learning

process, especially in teaching English. The picture can represent human life

such as people, animal, thing and activities. According Wright (1989:2) explain

that picture are not just an aspect method but through their representation of

place, object and people.

The pictures are important, because it very possible to predict not

only from what we hear and read but also from what we see around us and

from what we remember as well. Picture used must be interesting for the

students and be easy for the students to understand.

2.2.1.2 Kinds of picture

Yunus (1981:58) classifies picture into three kinds, these include:

individual picture, composite picture and series picture. In this study the writer

only, practice two kinds of picture namely:

2.2.1.2.1 Individual Picture

Individual picture are single object, person or activity.

Individual picture such as: picture of person, famous people and

place. Picture of place such as: townscape and single building views.

These characteristics of individual pictures are small pictures and

they can assist students to understand the meaning of word. Wright

(1989) says that individual picture as a picture of single object and

gives example of individual picture such as: picture of one person,

famous people and place for example:

 2.2.1.2.2 Composite Picture

Composite picture is a large single picture that shows

scene such as hospital, a beach and a street in which we can

see a number of people do something. The teacher should be

creative in finding picture. One of the ways is to find picture,

that can be copied and enlarge from textbook, calendars or

newspaper. Example:

Beside, there are some considerations in using picture in teaching learning

process, as follow:

A. The picture used must be appropriate with the theme discussed.

B. The picture used must be interesting for the students.

C. The pictures are easy for the students to understand.

2.2.1.3 The Advantage of Picture

Picture used, as media are useful in teaching learning process.

According to Hamalik (1986:81), there are six reason of using pictures in

teaching learning process as follow :

1. Pictures are concrete. It mean that by picture, the student can

explained something which to talking or to discuss in class.

2. Pictures can be to solve the limited time and place

3. Pictures can be to explain something.

4. Pictures are easy to get and cheap.

5. Pictures are easy to use.

6. Pictures can be to solve the leak senses of the human. It means that a small

thing that cannot to see by eye, we can see it clearly by photograph.

Based on the idea above, it is clear that pictures have some

advantage in the teaching learning process.

2.3. Theory of Vocabulary

Vocabulary plays an important role in learning language. In

communicate to express ideas or feeling. Knowing vocabulary is important to

know of the language used. We know students have individual learning style and

that these dictate the optimum vocabulary learning method.

Some people remember by visual means, others auditory or

kinesthetic. For most learners, visual seem to enhance both retention and recall,

but other stimuli, such as touch, may also be employed effectively by some

students. Some research suggest that the brain stores vocabulary in semantic

groups. Certain types of vocabulary can be learnt by labeling picture in the home

or on the back of the toilet door. Vocabulary has an important role in our

communication we must have goods and story vocabulary to make an effective

communication to the other.

2.3.1 Kinds of vocabulary

The large vocabulary includes noun, adjective, verb and

adverb. In this thesis, the writers only practice two kinds of vocabulary,

there are noun and verb.

23.1.1 Verb

In addition, Marcela Frank(1972) divides the type of verb into

three:
 1. Linking verb

Linking verb is a verb of incomplete prediction. It means that the verb

cannot by itself or it still needs the real prediction to follow them.

Example: - The rose smells sweet.

- The girl is pretty.

2. Auxiliary verb

Auxiliary verb is two or more words that may be joined together into single

verb phrase that function as full verb of the predicate.

Example: - They can do the best.

- The door was green.

3. Reflective verb

Reflective verb is a verb requiring one of the compound with "self' as it

object.

Example: - They bought the book by them self.

2.3.1.2 Noun

Some nouns may belong to more than one of given type, but in this thesis the

writer only take three type. There are:

1. Countable and uncountable

Example: - I want two pounds of sugar. (Uncountable)

- There are many girls in the classroom. (Countable)

 2. Proper nouns

Example: - Mr. Smith is a doctor.

- Holland is a city.

3. Collective nouns

Example: - There are many students in class.

- The committee has decided to the problem.

2.4. Previous study

Vocabulary very important in effective communication. Vocabulary

has to be a very crucial thing when the students want to express their ideas or

feeling in communication. The researcher focus the study on using picture in

teaching vocabulary become pictures is one of the visual aids can be used in

teaching language. ( Hanik Muhana 1997)

Usually vocabulary can be seen in the reading stories, there is

vocabulary much. Word are tool for the clarification of thinking and for

expressing ideas, it is obvious that vocabulary takes a crucial role due to the fact

that it is one

of the component of language that should be owned in the language learning

include in learning English. Vocabulary is an important area of language because

vocabulary or words are tools to express our though. ( Dwi Oktaviningtyas;

2004).
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research design

The research design in this study is an experimental research.

According to Arikunto (1985;257) Experimental research is a study to know

whether there is an effect or not to the subject, that is given a treatment. The

design of experimental

research of this study, the researcher used two group, they experimental group

and control group. In experimental group was taught vocabulary with pictures

and control group taught vocabulary without picture.

3.2 Research subject

In this research, the researcher chooses the research population to

determine the respondent. The researcher choose the VII D grade students. The

number of the respondents only one class consist 40 students because of limited

time, knowledge and references of the writer. Respondents of this research are

the first grade students of SMPN 10 Probolinggo.

3.3 Instrument of the research

According to Arikunto (2002;126) Instruments are some tools used

when a research is conducted in particular method. The instrument used in this

research is test only. The researcher chooses the test only because test is measure

the degree of student understanding about certain material given with different

treatment. The first group was taught by using picture and second group is

without picture.
3.3.1 Classroom observation

Classroom observation needs to be both well organized and focused

because watching well-planed complex lessons can be overwhelming. Both the

reviewer and reviewed have to discuss the purpose of the observation in terms

of, for example, what is being observed, the problems presented by the class and

what the main objective of the lesson are. To make classroom observations

protocols successful everyone concerned has to get over their initial discomfort

about being observed (headship secondary. December 2006).

3.3.2 The Test

According to Suharsini Arikunto (1998:139 ) Test is a set of exercise or

other instrument used to measure the skill, knowledge and aptitude of an

individual or group. The tests consist of 20 items of multiple-choice questions.

Each item has 4 options with one option as key and three option as wrong

options. The total score are 100. The score of each item is 5 (five) if the answer is

correct, if the answer is wrong the score is 0 (zero).

3.3.2.1 Validity of the test

The test is call valid if the test can measure what should be measured.

Both types of validity are categorized as logical validity. In this research the

writer uses logical validity is gotten with the carefully effort and by the right way.

The content of the test is representative picture and vocabulary to be

measured, which were clearly mapped in the test mapping. Beside it also