Jeddah Marie G.

Vasquez
Week 3 Homework

CHE 241 6:00-9:00 Th

Nov. 28, 2013

1.

Consider the problem of Couette flow between parallel plates for a non-Newtonian fluid

= , 1

Assuming constant pressure and temperature, solve for the velocity distribution u(y) between the plates
for a) n < 1 and b) n > 1.
Plot the velocity profile. Compare with the Newtonian solution.
Newtonian Solution:
Overall momentum balance in a system bounded by x 1 = 0, x 2 = L; y 1 = y, y 2 = y + y; z 1 = 0, z 2 = W:
| |+ + ( |0 | ) = 0
Dividing the equation above by LWy and taking the limit of y:
| |+ |0 |
+
=0
lim
0

|0 |
+
=0

With:

=
|0 | = 0

=0

=0

Combining equations 1 and 2

+ 1

(1 )
=
[. 1]

=0

= 2 [. 2]

(1 )
= 2

2
1
=

Applying boundary value condition (y = -h, u = 0)

2 ()
1

2 ()
1 =

0=

Applying boundary value condition (y = h, u = U 1 )

2
1

2 2 ()
1 =

1
2 =
2
1
1 =
2
1 =

The velocity equation is:

The velocity profile is:

1
1
+
2
2

Non-newtonian Solution:

Combining equations 1 and 2

+ 1
=

1
=

[. 1]

=0

= 2 [. 2]

1
= 2

( 1 )

= 2

Applying boundary value condition (y = -h, u = 0)

Applying boundary value condition (y = h, u = U 1 )

1
= 2

Substituting c 1 and c 2

(1 1 )
= 2

(1 1 )
1
=

1
1 =
2
1
2 =
2

1
2

2
1
1
=
2
2
1
1
=
+
2
2

Therefore the same velocity profile applies to both Newtonian and Non-newtonian fluids with n 1 (for
both n > 1 and n < 1).

2. Stokes drag on a sphere

a. Obtain BSL equation (2.6-9) from BSL equation (2.6-7)
2

() =

(( + )|= cos ) 2 sin

0

|= = 0

|= = 0 cos

3
cos
2

. 2.6 7

3
cos cos 2 sin
2

0
0
2
3
cos 2 sin )
() = (0 2 cos sin + 3 cos 2 sin +
2
0
0
2
3
(sin sin3 )
() = 0 2 sin 2 + 3 (sin sin3 ) +
2
0
0
() =

0 cos

() =

0 2 cos 2
sin2 cos 2
+ 3 cos
+ cos
3
4
3
2

() =

3
sin2 cos 2
+
cos
+ cos
3
2
3

=
=0

0 2 cos 2
sin2 cos 1

+ 3
cos
3
4
3
3
sin2 cos 1
+

cos
3
2
3
2

() =

2
3 +
3

=
=0

2
() = 3 + (2 0)
3
4
() = 3 + 2
3
b. Obtain BSL equation (2.6-12) from BSL equation (2.6-10)
2

() =

( |= sin ) 2 sin

()

|= =

3
sin
2

. 2.6 10

3 2

sin 2 sin
0 2

()

() =

3 2
(sin3 )
2
0
0

3 2 sin2 cos 2
=

cos

3
2
3
0
=0
3 2 4

2
0 3
3 4
=
(2 0)
3
2
() = 4

() =

()

3. A sphere of specific gravity 7.8 is dropped into oil of specific gravity 0.88 and viscosity of = 0.15 Pasec. Estimate the terminal velocity of the sphere if its diameter is: a. 0.1 mm, b. 1 mm, c. 10 mm
Solution:
The terminal velocity of a falling particle is
4
=
3 ( )

With = ; = ; = ; = ;
= ; = =

The drag coefficient is dependent on the range for the Reynolds number:
24
=
< 0.1

24
(1 + 0.14 0.17 ) 0.1 1000
=

= 0.44 1000 350,000

8 104
= 0.19
1000 350,000

The problem was solved using fixed point substitution, where the equation becomes:
4
(+1) =
3 (() )

There are four possible equations that can be used in solving for the terminal velocity. The Reynolds
number is dependent on the terminal velocity only and the four drag coefficients can be then calculated
yielding different values. The terminal velocities were then calculated from the various C D values using
the equation above to a relative error of a =0.01%.
The equations become:

(+1) =

4 2
18

()

for Re<0.1

(+1) =

4
() 0.7
24
[1+0.14
3
]

()

(+1) =

30.44

for 0.1<Re<1000

for 1000<Re<350000

(+1) =
8104
3(0.19
)

for Re>350000

()

a. 0.1 mm
4 2

Terminal velocity was obtained with the equation (+1) =

Re
CD
0.586667
40.91
0.009301
2580.49
0.001171
20494.82
0.000416
57758.36
0.000248
96961.71
0.000191
125629.88
0.000168
143001.06
0.000157
152567.64
0.000152
157588.32
0.000150
160160.28
0.000149
161461.96
0.000148
162116.76
0.000148
162445.15
0.000148
162609.60
0.000148
162691.89
0.000147
162733.05
0.000147
162753.63

= 0.00025 = 0.1

u t (m/s)
1.00000
0.01585
0.00200
0.00071
0.00042
0.00033
0.00029
0.00027
0.00026
0.00026
0.00025
0.00025
0.00025
0.00025
0.00025
0.00025
0.00025

b. 1 mm

Terminal velocity was obtained by the equation (+1) =

0.1<Re<1000

18

()

with the obtained Re<0.1

6207.87%
694.22%
181.82%
67.87%
29.57%
13.83%
6.69%
3.29%
1.63%
0.81%
0.41%
0.20%
0.10%
0.05%
0.03%
0.01%

() 0.7
24
[1+0.14
]

()

for

c. 10 mm

u t (m/s)

Re

CD

0.00001
0.00050
0.00355
0.00940
0.01523
0.01931
0.02170
0.02298
0.02363
0.02395
0.02411
0.02419
0.02423
0.02425
0.02426
0.02426
0.02426

0.0001
0.0029
0.0208
0.0551
0.0893
0.1133
0.1273
0.1348
0.1386
0.1405
0.1415
0.1419
0.1421
0.1422
0.1423
0.1423
0.1423

409153.40
8180.17
1164.65
443.42
275.59
218.26
194.72
184.16
179.22
176.85
175.71
175.15
174.88
174.75
174.69
174.66
174.64

98.01%
85.86%
62.27%
38.30%
21.16%
11.01%
5.55%
2.75%
1.35%
0.66%
0.32%
0.16%
0.08%
0.04%
0.02%
0.01%

= 0.02426

= 1

Terminal velocity was obtained by the equation (+1) =

0.1<Re<1000

() 0.7
24
[1+0.14
]

()

u t (m/s)

Re

CD

0.00001
0.00501
0.10903
0.42555
0.67732
0.77378
0.80204
0.80969
0.81172
0.81225
0.81240
0.81243

0.0006
0.2940
6.3966
24.9654
39.7362
45.3949
47.0527
47.5018
47.6209
47.6523
47.6605
47.6627

40940.41
86.48
5.68
2.24
1.72
1.60
1.57
1.56
1.56
1.56
1.56
1.56

99.80%
95.40%
74.38%
37.17%
12.47%
3.52%
0.95%
0.25%
0.07%
0.02%
0.00%

= 0.81243

= 0.1

for