Set No: 1 Course/Branch: B.Tech.

/EN Subject Name & Code: Electric Drives [EEE-035] Semester/Section: VII [A] Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100 Section A (Note: Section A shall have ten compulsory parts, each of two marks) Q1. Attempt all questions of this section in brief. [10 x 2=20]

(a) Define Electric Drives. Ans. Systems employed for motion control are called drives and they employ any of the prime movers such as diesel or petrol engines, gas or steam turbines, hydraulic motors and electric motors for supplying mathematical energy for motion control. Drives employing electric motion are called electric drives. (b) Mention the different factors influencing the choice of an electric drives? Ans. 1) Steady state operation requirements. 2) Transient operation requirements. 3) Requirements related to the source. 4) Capital and running cost, maintenance needs life. 5) Space and weight restriction. 6) Environment and location. 7) Reliability. (c) Define heating time constant &cooling time constant? Ans. The time required to heat the machine parts to 63.3% of its final temperature rise is called as heating time constant. The time required to cool the machine parts to 36.6% of its final temperature fall is called as cooling time constant. (d) Why the losses at starting are not a factor of consideration in acontinuous duty motor? Ans.While selecting a motor for this type of duty it is not necessary togive importance to the heating caused by losses at starting even thoughthey are more than the losses at rated load. This is because the motordoes not require frequent starting it is started only once in its duty cycle and the losses during starting do not have much influence on heating. (e) What is meant by regenerative braking? Ans.In this method motor speed exceeds the rated speed. In this case the motor works as a generator and converts the mechanical power into electrical power which is delivered back to the electrical system. This method of braking is known as regenerative braking.

(f) Compare electrical and mechanical braking.

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Ans. S.no. Mechanical Breaking Brakes require frequent maintenance 1 Not smooth 2 Can be applied to hold the system at any position 3 (g) Mention the drawbacks of rectifier fed dc drives? Ans. (i) Distortion of supply. (ii) Low power factor. (iii) Ripple in motor current

Electrical Breaking very little maintenance smooth cannot produce holding torque.

(h) Why self commutated devices are preferred over thyristors for chopper circuits? Ans. Self commutated devices such as power MOSFETs power transistors, IGBTs, GTOs and IGCTs are preferred over thyristors for building choppers because they can be commutated by a low power control signal and don't need commutation circuit. (i) What are the effects of harmonics in VSI fed induction motor drive? Ans.The output voltage of VSI has harmonic components. The harmonics of the stator current cause additional losses and heating. These harmonics are also responsible for torque pulsations. (j) State the principle of operation of switched reluctance motor? Ans.The SRM develops an electromagnetic torque due to variable reluctance principle. When air gapis minimum, the reluctance will be minimum. Hence inductance will be maximum, so the rate of changeof inductance is zero. When the reluctance varies, there will be a change in inductance so when aparticular stator winding of SRM is excited, the rotor pole comes in alignment with that stator pole andthus the rotor rotates. Section B (Note: Section B shall have five parts, each of ten marks;only three are to be attempted by student.) Q2. Attempt any three parts. [310=30] (a) Explain the four quadrant operation of motor applicable for hoist. Ans.

(b) Derive the equation for temperature rise in an electric drive. Ans.

(c) Derive the expression for energy loss in DC shunt motor during starting. Ans.

(d) Explain the operation of single phase fully controlled rectifier fed DC separately excited motor drive. Ans. Figure shows the setup for single phase controlled rectifier fed separately excited dc motor drive. Field circuit is also excited by a dc source, which is not shown in the figure just for simplicity.

(e) Explain Static Scherbius drive using Slip power recovery scheme. Ans.

Section C (Note: Section C shall have five questions with internal choice, each of ten marks.) Q3. Attempt any twoparts. [2x5=10] (a) What are the advantages of an Electrical Drives? Ans. Advantages of Electrical Drive 1. They have flexible control characteristics. The steady state and dynamic characteristics of electric drives can be shaped to satisfy the load requirements. 2. Drives can be provided with automatic fault detection systems. Programmable logic controller and computers can be employed to automatically control the drive operations in a desired sequence. 3. They are available in wide range of torque, speed and power. 4. They are adaptable to almost any operating conditions such as explosive and radioactive environments 5. It can operate in all the four quadrants of speed-torque plane 6. They can be started instantly and can immediately be fully loaded 7. Control gear requirement for speed control, starting and braking is usually simple and easy to operate.

(b) Give the comparison between AC drives and DC drives. Ans. DC Drives The power circuit and control circuit is simple and inexpensive It requires frequent maintenance The commutator makes the motor bulky, costly and heavy AC drives The power circuit and control circuit are complex Less Maintenance These problems are not there in these motors and are inexpensive, particularly squirrel cage induction motors Fast response and wide speed range of In solid state control the speed range is wide control, can be achieved smoothly by conventional and solid state control Speed and design ratings are limited due to commutations Speed and design ratings have upper limits and conventional method is stepped and limited

(c) Explain the characteristics of different types of loads. Ans. loads can be classified into the following four categories. Constant torque type load Torque proportional to speed (Generator Type load) Torque proportional to square of the speed (Fan type load) Torque inversely proportional to speed (Constant power type load) Constant Torque type load: Most of the working machines that have mechanical nature of work like shaping, cutting, grinding or shearing, require constant torque irrespective of speed. Torque Proportional to speed: Separately excited dc generators connected to a constant resistance load, eddy current brakes have speed torque characteristics given by T=k

Torque proportional to square of the speed: Another type of load met in practice is the one in which load torque is proportional to the square of the speed.Eg Fans rotary pumps, compressors and ship propellers. Torque Inversely proportional to speed: Certain types of lathes, boring machines, milling machines, steel mill coiler and electric traction load exhibit hyperbolic speed-torque characteristics

Q4.Attempt any two parts.

[2x5=10]

(a) Determine the equivalent moment of inertia and equivalent load torque, if loads are rotational. Ans.

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(b)

Ans.

(c) Explain the dynamics of electric drive system. Ans.

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Q5. Attempt any twoparts. (a) Explain the different type of breaking methods. Ans.

[2x5=10]

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(b) Explain the rheostatic breaking of DC shunt motor. Ans.

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(c) A 220 V DC shunt motor having an efficiency of 85% drives a hoist having an efficiency of 80%. Calculate the current drawn from the supply to raise a load of 400 kg at 2.5 m/s. what resistance must be added in the armature circuit in order to lower the load at 2.5 m/s, using rheostatic breaking. Ans.

Q6. Attempt any two parts.

[2x5=10]

(a) A 220 V, 1500 rpm, 10 A separately excited DC motor is fed from a single phase fully controlled rectifier with AC source voltage 230 V, 50Hz. Ra=2. Assuming continuous conduction determine firing angle for,
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(i) (ii) Ans.

Half the rated torque, 500 rpm Rated motor torque and -1000 rpm

(b) Explain the two modes in which a dual converter is used to control the DC motor speed. Ans.

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(c) A 230 V, 1100 rpm, 220 Amps separately excited DC motor has an armature resistance of 0.02 M. The motor is fed from a chopper, which provides both motoring and braking operations. Calculate i. The duty ratio of chopper for motoring operation at rated torque and 400 rpm ii. The maximum permissible motor speed obtainable without field weakening, if the maximum duty ratio of the chopper is limited to 0.9 and the maximum permissible motor current is twice the rated current

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Q7. Attempt any two parts.

[2x5=10]

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