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Revealed: The ghost fleet

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of the recession
By SIMON PARRY

Last updated at 6:34 PM on 13th September 2009

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The biggest and most secretive gathering of ships in maritime

history lies at anchor east of Singapore. Never before photographed, My Top 50 Stories
it is bigger than the U.S. and British navies combined but has no Click on the icon below an article to save to your
crew, no cargo and no destination - and is why your Christmas favourite stories file
stocking may be on the light side this year Open

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Steve Jobs returns as Apple launches

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iTunes9
 The 'ghost fleet' near Singapore. The world's ship owners and government economists would prefer you not to Steve Jobs made a surprise
see this symbol of the depths of the plague still crippling the world's economies entrance at Apple's 'It¿s only rock
and roll' event in San Francisco to
The tropical waters that lap the jungle shores of southern Malaysia could not be described as a paradisical launch the company's latest
shimmering turquoise. They are more of a dark, soupy green. They also carry a suspicious smell. Not that this is of products today.
any concern to the lone Indian face that has just peeped anxiously down at me from the rusting deck of a towering
Comments (21) Add to My Stories
container ship; he is more disturbed by the fact that I may be a pirate, which, right now, on top of everything else, is
the last thing he needs.
Futuristic £78m Darwin Centre unveiled
His appearance, in a peaked cap and uniform, seems rather odd; an o fficer without a crew. But there is something which puts scientists on show
slightly odder about the vast distance between my jolly boat and his lofty position, which I can't immediately put my
finger on. A high-tech science facility that will
encourage the public to quiz
Then I have it - his 750ft-long merchant vessel is standing absurdly high in the water. The low waves don't even leading researchers, was unveiled
bother the lowest mark on its Plimsoll line. It's the same with all the ships parked here, and there are a lot of them. by the Natural History Museum
Close to 500. An armada of freighters with no cargo, no crew, and without a destination between them. today.
My ramshackle wooden fishing boat has floated
Comments (4) Add to My Stories
perilously close to this giant sheet of steel. But the face
is clearly more scared of me than I am of him. He shoos
me away and scurries back into the vastness of his Sport Headlines Most Read
ship. His footsteps leave an echo behind them.
Navigating a precarious course around the hull of this Adebayor 'set out to hurt me', rages Arsenal star
Panama-registered hulk, I reach its bow and notice Van Persie
something else extraordinary. It is tied side by side to a FA to take a 'good look' at Emmanuel Adebayor's
container ship of almost the same size. The mighty conduct against Arsenal
sister ship sits empty, high in the water again, with GARY LINEKER: Don't rule out Beckham. He still
apparently only the sailor and a few lengths of rope for has a lot to offer
company. PIERS MORGAN: Capello is now the Godfather
Nearby, as we meander in searing midday heat and and now it's time to put a hit on Beckham
dripping humidity between the hulls of the silent Stoke 1 Chelsea 2: High fives for Ancelotti after
armada, a young European offi cer peers at us from the Malouda's last-gasp strike
bridge of an oil tanker owned by the world's biggest Manchester City 4 Arsenal 2: Adebayor and City
container shipping line, Maersk. We circle and ask to go make it four out of four
on board, but are waved away by two Indian crewmen Liverpool 4 Burnley 0: Benayoun grabs hat-trick
who appear to be the only other people on the ship. as Reds banish the doubts
Simon Parry among the ships in southern Malaysia
'They are telling us to go away,' the boat driver explains. Sunderland 4 Hull City 1: Darren is Hull Bent on
'No one is supposed to be here. They are very frightened proving a point
of pirates.' Blackburn 3 Wolves 1: Roberts inspirational as
Rovers return to form
Here, on a sleepy stretch of shoreline at the far end of Asia, is surely the biggest and most secretive gathering of Portsmouth 2 Bolton 3: Cahill's dubious late
ships in maritime history. Their numbers are equivalent to the entire British and American navies combined; their winner has Pompey seething
tonnage is far greater. Container ships, bulk carriers, oil tankers - all should be steaming fully laden between China,
Wigan 1 West Ham 0: Rodallega on target to
Britain, Europe and the US, stocking camera shops, PC Worlds and Argos depots ahead of the retail pandemonium
boost Latics
of 2009. But their water has been stolen.
Only a place in the World Cup Final will be enough
They are a powerful and tangible representation of the hurricanes that have been wrought by the global economic for Fabio Capello
crisis; an iron curtain drawn along the coastline of the southern edge of Malaysia's rural Johor state, 50 miles east of New ban blow for Chelsea as FIFA prevent a
Singapore harbour. recall of loan players
Manuel Neuer target spells trouble for England
keeper Ben Foster
England want to give Sven's old men the
Mexican wave over World Cup base
Sylvinho takes the Spanish steps and makes
Arsenal pay
January return to Milan beckons for England
star David Beckham
US OPEN 2009: The rain helped me, admits
Rafael Nadal as he reaches semi-finals with ease
US OPEN: Kim Clijsters into final as Serena
Williams explodes at line judge

MORE HEADLINES
Arshavin has no more complaints: Arsenal ace
tells wife Yulia to keep quiet
Adebayor 'set out to hurt me', rages Arsenal star
Van Persie
From Fowler's line sniffing to Gazza's flute
playing: The most SHOCKING goal celebrations
US OPEN: Kim Clijsters into final as Serena
Williams explodes at line judge
Capello is now the Godfather and now it's time to
put a hit on Beckham
Tottenham 1 Manchester Utd 3: Rooney rips the
heart out of Spurs
Espanyol 0 Real Madrid 3: Ronaldo on target as
'We don't understand why they are here. There are so many ships but no one seems to be on board,' said local Los Blancos win again
fisherman Ah Wat Manuel Neuer target spells trouble for England
keeper Ben Foster
It is so far off the beaten track that nobody ever really comes close, which is why these ships are here. The world's
ship owners and government economists would prefer you not to see this symbol of the depths of the plague still Sylvinho takes the Spanish steps and makes
crippling the world's economies. Arsenal pay
 Manchester City 4 Arsenal 2: Friends reunited?
So they have been quietly retired to this equatorial backwater, to be maintained only by a handful of bored sailors. You must be joking
The skeleton crews are left alone to fend off the ever-present threats of piracy and collisions in the congested England want to give Sven's old men the
waters as the hulls gather rust and seaweed at what should be their busiest time of year. Mexican wave over World Cup base
Local fisherman Ah Wat, 42, who for more than 20 years has made a living fishing for prawns from his home in Liverpool 4 Burnley 0: Anfield hopes may rest of
Sungai Rengit, says: 'Before, there was nothing out there - just sea. Then the big ships just suddenly came one day, Rafa rotation
and every day there are more of them. What the papers say: 'Mindless and malicious'
Adebayor, Fergie in ref rant and Liverpool shirt
'Some of them stay for a few weeks and then go away. But most of them just stay. You used to look Christmas from
deal eases Rafa's financial woes
here straight over to Indonesia and see nothing but a few passing boats. Now you can no longer see the horizon.'
GARY LINEKER: Don't rule out Beckham. He still
The size of the idle fleet becomes more palpable when the ships' lights are switched on after sunset. From the small has a lot to offer
fishing villages that dot the coastline, a seemingly endless blaze of light stretches from one end of the horizon to FA to take a 'good look' at Emmanuel Adebayor's
another. Standing in the darkness among the palm trees and bamboo huts, as calls to prayer ring out from mosques conduct against Arsenal
further inland, is a surreal and strangely disorientating experience. It makes you feel as if you are adrift on a dark sea,
Stoke 1 Chelsea 2: Drogba wonder strike puts the
staring at a city of light.
Blues behind Ancelotti
Ah Wat says: 'We don't understand why they are here. There are so many ships but no one seems to be on board. New ban blow for Chelsea as FIFA prevent a
When we sail past them in our fishing boats we never see anyone. They are like real ghost ships and some people recall of loan players
are scared of them. They believe they may bring a curse with them and that there may be bad spirits on the ships.' Only a place in the World Cup Final will be enough
for Fabio Capello

MOST READ IN DETAIL

Science
Two container ships tied together in southern Malaysia, waiting for the next charter How stylish cavewomen wore bright and
garish clothes 34,000 years ago
As daylight creeps across the waters, flags of convenience from destinations such as Panama and the Bahamas
become visible. In reality, though, these vessels belong to some of the world's biggest Western shipping They are normally pictured wearing
companies. And the sickness that has ravaged them began far away - in London, where the industry's heart beats, drab furs and skins. But
and where the plummeting profits and hugely reduced cargo prices are most keenly felt. archaeologists have uncovered an
extraordinary haul of pink, turquoise
The Aframax-class oil tanker is the camel of the world's high seas. By definition, it is smaller than 132,000 tons and black fibres.
deadweight and with a breadth above 106ft. It is used in the basins of the Black Sea, the North Sea, the Caribbean
Sea, the China Sea and the Mediterranean - or anywhere where non-OPEC exporting countries have harbours and Comments (10) Add to My Stories
canals too small to accommodate very large crude carriers (VLCC) or ultra-large crude carriers (ULCCs). The term is
based on the Average Freight Rate Assessment (AFRA) tanker rate system and is an industry standard. 100m in 6.13 seconds: Sarah the cheetah
is the world's quickest mammal
A couple of years ago these ships would be steaming back and forth. Now 12 per
cent are doing nothing She would show even the mighty
Usain Bolt two clean pairs of heels
You may wish to know this because, if ever you had an irrational desire to charter one, now would be the time. This
time last year, an Aframax tanker capable of carrying 80,000 tons of cargo would cost £31,000 a day ($50,000). Now it
is about £3,400 ($5,500).
This is why the chilliest financial winds anywhere in the City of London are to be found blowing through its 400-plus Comments (27) Add to My Stories
shipping brokers.
Between them, they manage about half of the world's chartering business. The bonuses are long gone. The last to Birds on the wire: Composer writes song
feel the tail of the economic whiplash, they - and their insurers and lawyers - await a wave of redundancies and based on positions of flock on telephone
business failures in the next six months. Commerce is contracting, fleets rust away - yet new ship-builds ordered wires
years ago are still coming on stream.
A musician has proven he is quite
the songbird by creating a
composition inspired by a flock
perching on some telephone wires.

Comments (15) Add to My Stories

All the news from the British Science

Festival
The latest research in science,
technology and engineering was
revealed at the British Science
Festival.

Comments (0) Add to My Stories

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Do not tell these men and women about green shoots of recovery. As Briton Tim Huxley, one of Asia's leading ship inspectors
brokers, says, if the world is really pulling itself out of recession, then all these idle ships should be back on the The two-in-one operation: Unwanted fat can be
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container ships doing nothing.' before children's farm was closed down
Your post is in the gutter: Strike-hit Post Office
Aframaxes are oil bearers. But the slump is industry- managers sort mail on the pavement
wide. The cost of sending a 40ft steel container of Elite Gaggia coffee machines left useless as
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plus fuel charges last year to £180 this year. The cost of
Product placement to be allowed on British TV in
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raw materials has plunged even further, from close to
£185,000 ($300,000) last summer to an incredible Killjoy security guards ban boy, 9, from sailing
£6,100 ($10,000) earlier this year. toy boat on pond... because it 'frightens the fish'
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appetite for raw materials such as iron ore, says Huxley. motorists'
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Officer who fought Taliban with his bayonet after
prospects for the container ships remain bleak.
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Some experts believe the ratio of container ships sitting Cross
idle could rise to 25 per cent within two years in an 'The truth will set us free': Foxy Knoxy confident
extraordinary downturn that shipping giant Maersk has of being cleared in prison letter to ex-boyfriend
called a 'crisis of historic dimensions'. Last month the Brown insists Britain's on 'road to recovery' as he
company reported its first half-year loss in its 105-year faces union backlash over spending cuts
history. Ministry of Justice officials were overpaid
Martin Stopford, managing director of Clarksons, London's biggest ship broker, says container shipping has been hit £1.5m... and £900,000 will never be returned
particularly hard: 'In 2006 and 2007 trade was growing at 11 per cent. In 2008 it slowed down by 4.7 per cent. This Fury as City minister Lord Myners describes
year we think it might go down by as much as eight per cent. If it costs £7,000 a day to put the ship to sea and if you £130bn bank bailout as 'nice little nest-egg'
only get £6,000 a day, than you have got a decision to make. Anti-Islamic protest fears as 2,000 Palestinian
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'Yet at the same time, the supply of container ships is growing. This year, supply could be up by around 12 per cent
and demand is down by eight per cent. Twenty per cent spare is a lot of spare of anything - and it's come out of Why your nails are growing 25 per cent faster than
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These empty ships should be carrying Christmas over to the West. All retailers will have already ordered their stock most powerful warship ever (if it's ever built)
for the festive season long ago. With more than 92 per cent of all goods coming into the UK by sea, much of it should Smoking ban has led to fall in heart attacks
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But retailers are running on very low stock levels, not only because they expect consumer spending to be down, but be Britain's most powerful warship ever (if it is
also because they simply do not have the same levels of credit that they had in the past and so are unable to keep actually built)
big stockpiles. Warning over internet money transfer loophole that
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Stopford explains: 'Globalisation and shipping go hand in hand. Worldwide, we ship about 8.2 billion tons of cargo a
Hackers steal £1m in online tax scam by
year. That's more than one ton per person and probably two to three tons for richer people like us in the West. If the
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The knock-on effect of so many ships sitting idle rather than moving consumer goods between Asia and Europe marchers in London
could become apparent in Britain in the months ahead. Labour minister says anti-Islam protestors no
'We will find out at Christmas whether there are enough PlayStations in the shops or not. There will certainly be fewer better than Mosley's blackshirts after violence
goods coming in to Britain during the run-up to Christmas.' flares at mosque
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Three thousand miles north-east of the ghost fleet of Johor, the shipbuilding capital of the world rocks to an garden... unaware it's an unexploded anti-tank
unpunctuated chorus of hammer-guns blasting rivets the size of dustbin lids into shining steel panels that are then grenade
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As the shipping industry teeters on the brink of collapse, the activity at boatyards like Mokpo and Ulsan in South against Obama's spending in 'tea-party'
Korea all looks like a sick joke. But the workers in these bustling shipyards, who teem around giant tankers and demonstration
mega-vessels the length of several football pitches and capable of carrying 10,000 or more containers each, have no The Queen, staying at the Best Western ... or is
choice; they are trapped in a cruel time warp. she

There have hardly been any new orders. In 2011 the shipyards will simply run out of MOST READ IN DETAIL
ships to build
A decade ago, South Korean President Kim Dae-jung (who died last month) issued a decree to his industrial
captains: he wished to make his nation the market leader in shipbuilding. He knew the market intimately. Before
entering politics, he studied economics and worked for a Japanese-owned freight-shipping business. Within a few
years he was heading his own business, starting out with a fleet of nine ships.
Thus, by 2004, Kim Dae-jung's presidential vision was made real. His country's low-cost yards were winning 40 per
cent of world orders, with Japan second with 24 per cent and China way behind on 14 per cent.
But shipbuilding is a horrendously hard market to plan. There is a three-year lag between the placing of an order and ADVERTORIAL FEATURES
the delivery of a ship. With contracts signed, down-payments made and work under way, stopping work on a new
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Thus the labours of today's Korean shipbuilders merely represent the completion of contracts ordered in the fat years
of 2006 and 2007. Those ships will now sail out into a global economy that no longer wants them.
Maersk announced last week that it was renegotiating terms and prices with Asian shipyards for 39 ordered tankers
and gas carriers. One of the company's executives, Kristian Morch, said the shipping industry was in uncharted
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As he told the global shipping newspaper Lloyd's List only last week: 'You have a contraction of oil demand, you have Enjoy England
a falling world economy and you have a contraction of financing capabilities - and at the same time as a lot of new WIN! A fantastic two-night
ships are being delivered.' luxury family break in
Birmingham
Demand peaked in 2005 when, with surplus tonnage worldwide standing at just 0.7 per cent, ship owners raced to
order, fearing docks and berths at major shipyards would soon be fully booked. That spell of 'panic buying' has
heightened today's alarming mismatch between supply and demand.
Keith Wallis, East Asia editor of Lloyd's List, says, 'There was an ordering frenzy on all types of vessel, particularly
container ships, because of the booming trade between Asia and Europe and the United States. It was fuelled in
particular by consumer demand in the UK, Europe and North America, as well as the demand for raw materials from
China.'

Cranes at Singapore Dock stand idle, waiting for work

Orders for most existing ships to be delivered within the next six to nine months would be honoured, he predicted,
and the ships would go into service at the expense of older vessels in the fleet, which would be scrapped or end up
anchored off places like southern Malaysia.
But, says Wallis, 'some ship owners won't be able to pay their final instalments when the vessels are completed.
Normally, they pay ten per cent down when they order the ship and there are three or four stages of payment. But 50
to 60 per cent is paid on delivery.'
South Korean shipyard Hanjin Heavy Industries last week said it had been forced to put up for sale three container
ships ordered at a cost of £60 million ($100 million) by the Iranian state shipping line after the Iranians said they
could not pay the bill.
'The prospects for shipyards are bleak, particularly for the South Koreans, where they have a high proportion of
foreign orders. Whole communities in places like Mokpo and Ulsan are involved in shipbuilding and there is a lot of
sub-contracting to local companies,' Wallis says.
'So far the shipyards are continuing to work, but the problems will start to emerge next year and certainly in 2011,
because that is when the current orders will have been delivered. There have hardly been any new orders in the past
year. In 2011, the shipyards will simply run out of ships to build.'
Christopher Palsson, a senior consultant at London-based Lloyd's Register-Fairplay Research, believes the
situation will worsen before it gets better.
'Some ships will be sold for demolition but the net balance will be even further pressure on the freight rates and the
market itself. A lot of ship owners and operators are going to find themselves in a very difficult situation.'
The current downturn is the worst in living memory and more severe even than the slump of the early Eighties,
Palsson believes.
'Back then the majority of the crash was for tankers carrying crude oil. Today we have almost every aspect of shipping
affected - bulk carriers, tankers, container carriers... the lot.
'It is a much wider-spread situation that we have today. China was not a major player in the world economy at that
time. Neither was India. We had the Soviet Union. We had shipbuilding in the United Kingdom and Europe.
'But then, back in those days the world was a very different place.'

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Comments (6) Add your comments

Here's what readers have had to say so far. Why not add your thoughts below, or debate this issue live on our
message boards.
The comments below have been moderated in advance.

Newest Oldest Best rated Worst rated

Flew over this mooring site last week. It is immense and growing.
If one wishes to see the future one should start looking here. Without orders there is no manufacturing. Without
manufacturing there is is no shipping. Without stock on the shelves there are no sales. Without sales...the
economy ceases to exist.

Hows that 'Hope & Change' thing working for you now?
- Mr Gordon, Historic Port City on a Sub-Tropical Island, 13/9/2009 12:40

Report abuse Click to rate Rating 33

big handouts to the wrong people,,,,incompetence,and coruption...

- emanuel buchan, belem brasil, 13/9/2009 11:50

Report abuse Click to rate Rating 23

Local fisherman Ah Wat must have a very short memory, there have always been countless large ships at anchor
all around the Sungai Rengit stretch of the Malaysian coastline.
- Steve, Bedford, 13/9/2009 11:04

Report abuse Click to rate Rating 6

All this caused by a stupid chancellor, a stupid president and lots of stupid greed bankers (who are still getting
paid).
- Frederick, London, 13/9/2009 07:02

Report abuse Click to rate Rating 31

Shipping reflect the true state of the world economy and the politicians have not been telling the truth. This
recession is nowhere near finished. The Baltic Dry Index - which measures shipping activity - is going sharply
down again. The next downward leg of the recession is coming soon.
- Andrew, St. Ives, Cambridgeshire, 13/9/2009 06:05

Report abuse Click to rate Rating 31

And we are being told by [experts] that the recession is over?

- hagar, blackpool uk, 13/9/2009 04:13

Report abuse Click to rate Rating 31

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