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A Practical Approach To Hypnotherapy

Edgar A. Barnett M.D.

Also by Dr. Barnett:

Analytical Hypnotherapy: Principles and Practice The Rapid Reintegration Procedure: Effective Ego State Hypnotherapy without Hypnosis (With Dr. John R. Tkach M.D. to be released Dec 2005)

First published in 1 ! b" Do#inie $ress %i#ited. $aperback edition published &pril 1 '2. Reprinted 1 0. This edition 2005

(op"ri)ht * 2005 b" Junica $ublishin) (o#pan" %i#ited. &ll ri)hts reser+ed. ,o part o- this publication #a" be reproduced. stored in a retrie+al s"ste#. or trans#itted in an" -or# or b" an" #eans. electronic. #echanical. photocop"in). recordin). or other/ise. /ithout prior /ritten per#ission o- the $ublisher.

DED !AT "#

To Margaret$ !arolyn$ #igel and %udith

ACKN !"E#$%ENTS
The encoura)e#ent to /rite this book ca#e -ro# -ello/ h"pno0 therapists and -riends /hose -aith in #" abilit" to acco#plish this task /as #atched b" their belie- that it /ould #eet a popular need to understand the principles and ai#s o- h"pnoanal"sis. 1 a# e2tre#el" )rate-ul to #" -ello/ (anadian h"pnoanal"sts. Drs. Da+id (rai) and Daniel 3te/art. /ho pro+ided constant support and ad+ice throu)hout this +enture. 1t is to Dr. Da+id (heek o- 3an Francisco that 1 o/e #" co##it0 #ent to h"pnoanal"sis as a +alid approach to therap" -or it is -ro# his /orkshops. se#inars and /ritin)s that 1 ha+e been able to -ashion the tools to disco+er the #aterial /ithin this book. M" thanks )o also to Mr. John (ruickshanks and Mrs. 4+onne 5ellar -or their in+aluable help in the editin) and preparation othe ori)inal #anuscript. For each o- the three patients /hose e2perience o- h"pnoanal"sis has been recorded in detail 1 ha+e a special -eelin) o- )ratitude since the". as /ith the #an" patients /hose stories 1 ha+e used in an unreco)ni6able /a". ha+e #ade a +aluable contribution to an understandin) o- this therap".

Fore&ord to 'econd Edition

&nloc' (our %ind and )e *ree

3ince the -irst edition o- 78nlock 4our Mind and 9e Free:; /ent out o- print #an" "ears a)o 1 ha+e had #an" re<uests -or a second edition. &lthou)h it is so#e t/ent" -i+e "ears since 1 -irst /rote it. 1 -ind on re=readin) it that the concepts e2pressed therein are as -resh toda" as the" /ere /hen 1 a/oke one #ornin) in the late se+enties /ith the book title e#bla6oned in #" #ind. There are #an" approaches to ps"chotherap" bein) practiced toda" but 1 belie+e that the success-ul ones all adopt the concept that e#otional disturbances ha+e their ori)ins in past trau#atic e2periences. /hich ha+e ne+er been ade<uatel" dealt /ith. &s a result. a part o- the #ind has re#ained i#prisoned. 3uccess-ul therap" -inds a /a" to en)ineer the escape o- that part -ro# its e#otional prison. This is precisel" /hat this book ai#s to acco#plish. 1n #" #ost recent publication. 7The Rapid Reinte)ration $rocedure; especiall" /ritten -or practicin) ps"chotherapists. 1 ha+e endea+ored to teach a #ethod b" /hich therapists can direct su--erers to a rapid #eans o- unlockin) i#prisoned parts o- the #ind and settin) the# -ree. 1n this book the reader can disco+er -or hi#sel- that he has the po/er to -ree his o/n #ind -ro# outdated e#otional prisons. >d)ar &. 9arnett. M.D.

C NTENTS
Ac'nowledge+ents ,ntroduction---------------------------------------------------------. Chapter .: Prisons of the %ind----------------------------- / The prison o- -ear......................................... 5 $hobias &n2ieties The prison o- an)er..................................... 10 Mi)raine $eptic ulcer 9ack pain ?"pertension @besit" The prison o- pain and sadness..................... 15 &sth#a Depression Dru) addiction &lcoholis# >2cessi+e s#okin) The prison o- )uilt....................................... 20 1#potence Fri)idit" @besit" 3kin diseases 3uicide Chapter 0: The Cri+e---------------------------------------- 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a# here a# a )irlAbo" a# an)r" a# a-raid hurt lo+e a# happ" a# curious

Chapter 2: The Court------------------------------------------32 Transactional anal"sis theor" The accused (The (hild) The prosecutor (The $arent) The Bud)e (The $arent) The de-ense (The &dult) Chapter 3: The Sentence------------------------------------ /2 4ou 4ou 4ou 4ou 4ou 4ou 4ou #ust not e2ist #ust ne+er -eel an)r" are not lo+ableC"ou are 9&D: #ust not succeed #ust not be a-raid #ust not lo+e #ust not think

Chapter /: The Prison "oc's4$&,"T5----------------- 6/ Chapter 6: Release fro+ prison--------------------------67 The &ppeal The Retrial The $ardon Chapter 1: Reha8ilitation----------------------------------- 11 Chapter 9: *alse *reedo+---------------------------------- 92 $rison breaks @ut on 9ail @n $robation Mini#u# 3ecurit" Death 3entence Chapter 7: Continued ,+prison+ent : failures of therapy----------------------- 71 Chapter .;: The Key:Analytical Hypnotherapy- .;2 Chapter ..: The Prisoner--------------------------------- ... $s"choso#atic disorders Diseases o- addiction The e#otional disorders

Chapter .0: %anufacturing the Key------------------.0/ 3el-=?"pnosis Chapter .2: Turning the Key yourself---------------.2. 3el-=&nal"sis Chapter .3: Escape Stories------------------------------ .3. ?. 9. M. >. M. (. Chapter ./: Healing----------------------------------------- .6/ Chapter .6: Su++ing &p--------------------------------- .1.

,NTR #&CT, N
When 1 took up the )eneral practice o- #edicine #ore than 50 "ears a)o. it /as /idel" belie+ed that the pro-ession /as #akin) )reat strides to/ards subduin) #an" o- #ankindDs #ost -ri)htenin) illnesses. $enicillin and related antibiotics /ere re+olutioni6in) the treat#ent o- diseases. $neu#onia. once a #enacin) killer. /as no/ under control. $olio /ould soon be +an<uished b" +accine. 9ut a-ter se+eral "ears o- /orkin) in a -ull and +aried practice. 1 beca#e a/are that #an" o- our hopes /ere ill -ounded. The /onder dru)s re#ained po/erless a)ainst a lar)e proportion othe illnesses a -a#il" practitioner -aced. 1 soon reali6ed that 1 had a poor understandin) o- the causes. /hich underla" nu#erous #aladies a--lictin) #" patients. and none o- #" #edical books carried an" e--ecti+e re#edies. Durin) an" one #ornin) 1 treated patients /ith recurrin) headaches. #uscle pains and +a)ue -eelin)s o- disco#-ort. 1n ti#e 1 learned that the presence o- these s"#pto#s did not necessaril" indicate an" disco+erable disease o- the kind that 1 had been trained to detect. Medicine )eared to deal e2clusi+el" /ith ph"sical co#plaints /as -ailin) these su--erers. 1n #" earl" "ears 1 beca#e -a#iliar /ith another +ariet" o- dis0 orders /hich /ere periodic in nature. pri#aril" occurrin) /hen patients e2perienced abnor#al tensions in their li+es. 9ut it /as al/a"s di--icult to disco+er /h" these patients /ho /ere su--erin) -ro# such poorl" understood disorders as ulcers. hi)h blood pressure. #i)raine and asth#a /ould reco+er <uickl" on so#e occasions and respond slo/l" to treat#ent on others. Then there /ere the -rankl" ps"chiatric proble#s -or /hich the ter# 7ner+ous breakdo/n; /as. and still is. -re<uentl" used. These people /ere e2tre#el" tense or depressed. o-ten erratic and unpredictable in their beha+iour. %ackin) the ti#e in a bus" )eneral practice to pro+ide ade<uate attention to patients /ith ps"chiatric proble#s. 1 re-erred the# to ps"chiatrists in the belie- that /ith a specialist the" /ould recei+e 1

the assistance necessar" -or reco+er". To #" dis#a". it soon beca#e clear that the ps"chiatrists #ade real and per#anent pro)ress /ith -e/ o- these patients. their )reatest successes arisin) a#on) those /ho /ere recepti+e to the kind and close attention /hich. but -or the /ant o- ti#e. 1 /ould ha+e been able to ad#inister #"sel-. Durin) this period ps"chotropic dru)s beca#e /idel" a+ailable and pro#ised to re+olutioni6e the treat#ent o- e#otional disorders in the /a" that antibiotics had trans-or#ed or)anic #edicine. Ealiu#. %ibriu# and other tran<uili6ers in +ar"in) stren)ths /ere use-ul in sedatin) patients. #akin) the# #ore #ana)eable and recepti+e to treat#ent. 9ut the ps"chotropics -ailed to li+e up to their earl" pro#ise. The" alle+iated the s"#pto#s o- e#otional distress /ithout addressin) the causes. The real proble# ode+elopin) a cure -or e#otional illness re#ained. Frustrated b" the -ailure o- ps"chotropics and con+entional #edical practices. 1 beca#e con+inced that a #ore personali6ed therap" /hich allo/ed the su--erer to deal constructi+el" /ith his o/n proble#s #ust be -ound. 1n search o- a -or# o- therap" /hich could pro+ide indi+idual ans/ers to indi+idual proble#s. so#e -ort" "ears a)o 1 be)an to use h"pnosis in #" practice. 1 -irst beca#e interested in h"pnosis as a "oun) bo" and -ro# that ti#e on/ard read e+er" treatise 1 could obtain on the subBect. 1 learned that #ere su))estion in h"pnosis could #ake the paral"6ed /alk and cure the asth#aticDs /hee6e. 1 read that #others could deli+er babies painlessl" /ithout anaesthesia and that a /ide +ariet" o- ills /hich apparentl" ste##ed -ro# or)anic causes could be de-eated throu)h the po/er o- h"pnosis. 9ut #" collea)ues sco--ed at these notions. and 1 re#ained uncertain as to the true +alue o- such a therap". M" interest in the po/er o- su))estion continued unabated. and /hen 1 disco+ered that an"one could beco#e pro-icient in the practice o- h"pnosis. 1 be)an to /onder /hether it #i)ht pro+ide -resh ans/ers to the old proble#s 1 -aced in #" practice. 1t /as not. ho/e+er. until a patient su--erin) -ro# a recurrin) #i)raine asked #e i- there /as nothin) else 1 could do -or her that 1 su))ested h"pnosis.

M" patient. naturall". /as surprised b" the su))estion that h"pnosis #i)ht pro+ide the ke" -or her cure and /as e+en #ore astounded to learn that 1 proposed to ad#inister treat#ent #"sel-. 9ut she assented to the e2peri#ent. little kno/in) that 1 /as a no+ice. 1 deter#ined to conceal the -act until /e could assess the results o- the treat#ent. certain that success /ould be #ore likel" i- her con-idence in #e /ere #aintained. M" -irst e2perience /ith h"pnosis pro+ed to be an un<uali-ied success. -or #" patient #ade si)ni-icant i#pro+e#ent. ?er #i)raines. /hich had responded onl" te#poraril" to dru) therap". di#inished in -re<uenc" and se+erit". 3he be)an to sleep #ore easil". and her e#otional s"#pto#s o- depression and an2iet" beca#e #uch less pronounced. To conclude the treat#ent. 1 tau)ht her ho/ to induce sel-=h"pnosis. and she /as e+entuall" able to discontinue the use o- all the #edications upon /hich she relied. 1 /as hi)hl" i#pressed b" this initial +ictor". and o+er the "ears 1 )raduall" increased #" use o- h"pnosis. 3i#pl" b" learnin) a process to aid rela2ation. #an" o- #" patients /ere sa+ed "ears o- #iser" -ro# tension induced co#plaints. 9ut so#e o- #" patients had #uch #ore serious and co#ple2 proble#s. 1ncreased e2perience /ith h"pnosis brou)ht #e )reater insi)ht into the underl"in) causes o- deep=seated e#otional distress. $atients /hose co#plaints /ere ob+iousl" serious re+ealed to #e a chillin) de)ree o- sel-=hatred. The" cra+ed relie- but /ere unable to escape sel-=destructi+e patterns o- beha+ior. Their ph"sical s"#pto#s /ere not the result o- an" or)anic disease but oe#otional proble#s to /hich the" /ere indissolubl" tied. The" had lost their -reedo# and their hope because the" hadnDt e+en reali6ed the" /ere i#prisoned. &-ter al#ost three decades in hospital and -a#il" practice. 1 resol+ed to de+ote the re#ainder o- #" #edical li-e solel" to the practice o- therap" throu)h h"pnosis. 1 had e2plored and appreciated the +alue o- direct su))estion in h"pnosis. but 1 ha+e co#e to reali6e that its anal"tical po/ers )i+e -ar superior results. 1n #" e2perience h"pnoanal"sis has pro+ided the #ost dependable ke" -or unlockin) the spirits and bodies o- those /ho are shackled in the prisons o- the #ind. F

Throu)h the use o- h"pnoanal"tic techni<ues 1 ha+e had con0 siderable success in helpin) patients disco+er the critical e2periences in their back)rounds /hich ha+e been responsible -or their distress. The procedures 1 ha+e de+eloped. allo/in) patients to understand the i#portance o- these critical e2periences. ha+e led to cures /hich /ould ha+e been i#possible /ith the use oh"pnotic su))estion alone. 1 ha+e /ritten this book in order to present #" understandin) othe con-licts /hich i#prison us and o- the #eans b" /hich h"pnoanal"tic techni<ues can be used to -ind -reedo#. 1 present these ideas so that "ou too can unlock "our #ind and be -ree.

Chapter

ne

Prisons of the Mind

The Prison of Fear
Pho8ias and An<ieties

Pho8ias 1n the earl" "ears o- #" h"pnotherap" practice. a "oun) #an ca#e to #e /ith a proble# that /as rapidl" destro"in) his career. ?e had heard o- #" success /ith h"pnosis and re<uested a consultation since all other #easures to -ind a cure had -ailed. 71D# a sales#an. doctor. so 1D# on the road a )ood deal. 1 like the /ork. and itDs been )oin) +er" /ell until recentl". 1D+e Bust started brin)in) in bonus #one". but no/ . . . no/ #" ner+e see#s to be -ailin).; he said /ith a /eak atte#pt at a )rin. Heor)e /as a ru))ed. )ood=lookin) -ello/ o- about thirt". ?e had /orked as a laborer -or se+eral "ears. tra+elin) /hene+er the spirit #o+ed hi#. ?e had then #arried and settled do/n to a career in sales. & stron). independent indi+idual. he could hardl" ad#it to hi#sel- that he harbored a serious proble#. 71 donDt kno/ /here to start. 1t sounds so stupid. 1 Bust canDt understand /h" this is happenin) to #e. When 1D# dri+in). 1 )et a panick" -eelin). 1 -eel as i- 1D# )oin) to s/er+e into the onco#in) tra--ic. When this sensation co#es o+er #e. 1 start to shake. 1t )ets so bad no/ that 1 ha+e to pull o-- the road and cal# do/n. 1 canDt dri+e an" -aster than -ort" #iles an hour on the hi)h/a"s an"#ore. 1D# terri-ied. 9ecause 1 keep ha+in) to stop. 1D# late -or e+er" appoint#ent 1 #ake. and #" custo#ers are be)innin) to think 1D# unreliable. M" boss is upset. >+en #" /i-e is /onderin) about #e. 1 canDt possibl" )o on like this.; 5

1t cost Heor)e considerable e--ort to tell his stor". 9" the end he /as s/eatin) hea+il" and )ri#acin) in e#otional distress. 1 encoura)ed hi# to rela2. assured hi# that #" practice had #ade #e -a#iliar /ith proble#s o- this kind. and be)an to <uestion hi# about his terri-"in) e2periences. 7?o/ lon) ha+e "ou been ha+in) these attacks Heor)eI; 1 asked. 7The" be)an about three "ears a)o. 1 didnDt tell an"bod". 1 didnDt /ant an"bod" to kno/. The" /erenDt as bad then. and the" onl" happened once in a /hile. ,o/ the" occur al#ost an" ti#e 1D# in the car.; 7Do "ou e+er )et these attacks at other ti#es /hen "ouDre not dri+in)I; 1 <ueried. 7,o ... ah. "es. but Bust once. a couple o- /eeks a)o. 1 /as up on the roo- o- the house tr"in) to -i2 the TE antennaCBust about 10 -eet o-- the )round. 1D+e ne+er been a-raid o- hei)hts. but up there 1 )ot the terrible -eelin) that 1 /as )oin) to leap o-- and s#ash #"sel- on the )round. 1 took a -e/ deep breaths and ca#e do/n slo/l". but the e2perience shook #e up. 1t /as so du#b but so -ri)htenin).; When Heor)e -inished outlinin) his s"#pto#s. 1 e2plained to hi# that he had de+eloped a phobia. 7Heor)e. "ou #ust -irst understand that thereDs nothin) stupid or du#b about /hat "ouDre )oin) throu)h. This -ear is +er" real -or "ou. 1n -act. -ear is like a prison. 1- "ou donDt tr" to break out /hen it has locked "ou in. "ouDll ne+er be a -ree #an a)ainC-ree to li+e "our li-e the /a" "ou /ant to.; 7$hobias are not reall" unco##onJ #an" people su--er -ro# the#. 4ou probabl" kno/ so#ebod" /ith an unnatural -ear osnakes or hei)hts or ele+ators . . . so#ethin) like that. 1t see#s sill" on the outside. but those people -eel the sa#e kind o- terror that "ou do about dri+in). ,o/ this #a" be a little di--icult to understand. but 1 donDt think "ouDre reall" a-raid o- dri+in). Heor)e.; 79ut doctor. itDs so real.; K

71 donDt doubt that. but /ere "ou e+er a-raid o- dri+in) three "ears a)oI; 1 asked. 7,o. ne+er.; he assured #e. 7WhatDs happened. Heor)e. is that "ouD+e de+eloped a deeper -ear /ithin. Dri+in) the car is Bust the tri))er -or it.; 7Then thereDs nothin) to be doneI; he asked #iserabl". 7@h "es. thereDs a )reat deal to be done. We #ust unco+er that deeper -ear and deter#ine /h" dri+in) tri))ers it. Then /e can see about curin) it -or )ood.; M" assurances that a cure /as possible brou)ht about an i##ediate reaction in Heor)e. 9e)innin) to rela2. he #et #" e"es /ith his -or the -irst ti#e durin) our session. The po/er osu))estion. o- course. is a potent tool. (on+incin) a patient that help is at hand beco#es an i#portant step in aidin) hi# to disco+er the root o- his proble#. 7Heor)e. in order to help "ou. 1D# )oin) to need #ore in-or#ation than "ouD+e been able to )i+e #e ... in-or#ation that "ou #a" not e+en reali6e "ou possess. 1D# )oin) to use h"pnosis to secure that in-or#ation. 4ouDll -ind that "ou can reach a +er" rela2ed state b" concentratin) /ith "our conscious #ind on a pleasant thou)ht. When "our conscious #ind is -ocused on that idea and +er" rela2ed. 1Dll be)in to probe "our unconscious -or the causes o- this panic.; 79ut can it reall" help. doctorI 1 donDt understand ho/.; Heor)e protested. still sceptical. 74es. 1D# sure it can. 9ut let #e e2plain b" )i+in) "ou an analo)". 3uppose "ou and a -riend are li+in) in an &-rican Bun)le hut. @ne da". as "ou )o out -or a /alk. a lion suddenl" leaps out at "ou. 4ouDre terri-ied. 4ou reach -or "our )un. but itDs not there. and that roarin) lion is )ettin) closer e+er" second. 4ou take to "our heels in -ri)ht and race back to the hut as -ast as "ou can /ith that ho/lin) beast at "our back. Reachin) sa-et" in the nick oti#e. "ou sla# the door behind "ou. shakin) /ith -ear.

73ounds like a stor" /ith a happ" endin). doesnDt itI 9ut hereDs the t/ist. 4our budd" is a practical Boker. While "ouD+e been chased b" the roarin) lion. he has recorded the terri-"in) e2perience on tape. Just /hen "ouD+e re)ained "our coura)e and are read" to #arch throu)h the door o- the hut. he s/itches on the recordin) o- the lionDs roar. ?o/ /ill "ou react /hen "ou hear that roarI; 79ack a/a" -ro# the door. 1 )uessCsta" inside.; 7ThatDs ri)ht. 4ou re#ain inside. tre#blin) /ith -ear. Most e#otional distress results -ro# the unconscious recordin) o- a proble# that hasnDt been sol+ed. With a phobia like "ours. Heor)e. that recordin) is bein) tri))ered /hen "ou dri+e in the car. 4ouDre trapped b" that recordin) Bust as i- "ou /ere shut up in the Bun)le hut. We need to -ind a /a" to -ree "ou -ro# the hut.; 7?o/ do /e do thatI; 79" shuttin) o-- the tape recordin).; Within a -e/ sessions 1 /as able to deter#ine that Heor)eDs phobia /as caused b" t/o e2periences in his past. &s a "oun) #an he had <uarrelled terribl" /ith his -ather. /ho had /anted Heor)e to settle do/n and -ind a career durin) a ti#e /hen the son /as still e2periencin) /anderlust. Fro# that ti#e on Heor)e harboured a terrible -eelin) o- )uilt -or ha+in) an)ered his -ather. The second incident. one /hich contributed #ost directl" to Heor)eDs dri+in) phobia. occurred the e+enin) be-ore his -atherDs -uneral. Heor)e /as -l"in) to Boin his #other -or the ser+ice /hen the plane /as bu--eted b" a tre#endous stor#. ?e -elt certain that he /as )oin) to be killed because he had been an)r" /ith his -ather. ?e /as especiall" -ri)htened because he -elt that he deser+ed to be punished -or his treat#ent o- his -ather. Heor)e /as i#prisoned in the cells o- )uilt and -ear. >+er" ti#e he cli#bed into his car. unconscious #e#ories o- his terrible plane trip /ere released. 1n his unconscious #ind he /as up in that plane. read" to be killed -or ha+in) an)ered his -ather. @nce Heor)e and 1 isolated and e2a#ined his proble#. a cure -ollo/ed rapidl". ?e /as able to unlock his #ind -ro# the )uilt o'

his natural an)er and -ind -reedo# /hen h"pnoanal"sis pro+ided hi# /ith the ke". ?u#an bein)s can -ind their #inds ine2tricabl" trapped in se+eral kinds o- prisons. >--ecti+el" i##obili6in) the su--erer /ithout re+ealin) an" direct connection to the outside /orld. the" are the result o- -ault" -unctionin) o- the #ind in its co#prehension o- the /orld. Fear is probabl" present in all o- these prisons. but ne+er so pro#inentl" as in the phobias. An<ieties &n2iet" and acute an2iet" attacks are another #ani-estation o- a po/er-ul -ear i#prisonin) the #ind. 8nlike phobias. the -ear is not related to an" speci-ic circu#stances. althou)h it #i)ht be Bust as se+ere. 1- "ou can i#a)ine "oursel- -eelin) -ri)htened or apprehensi+e -or no ob+ious reason. "ou can appreciate the tensions /hich the an2iet" su--erer e2periences. >d/ard ca#e to see #e because he had been ha+in) di--iculties sleepin) -or o+er -i+e "ears. ?e could not re#e#ber /hat it /as like to sleep soundl" throu)hout the ni)ht. but he had no idea /hat kept hi# a/ake so o-ten. ?e /as onl" able to sleep i- he took a +er" hea+" dose o- a sleepin) #edication. but this had the predictable e--ect o- #akin) hi# <uite dro/s" the -ollo/in) da". ?e e2peri#ented -or a ti#e /ith alcohol but )a+e this up /hen he sensed the possibilit" o- addiction. >d/ardDs da"s /ere also unpleasantl" collared b" constant -eelin)s o- tension. ?e su--ered -ro# headaches /hich usuall" started in the back o- the neck. & constant /orrier. he /as al/a"s preparin) hi#sel- -or thin)s to )o /ron)Cand. o- course. the" -re<uentl" did. ?e spent #uch o- his ti#e -rettin) about thin)s that #i)ht not happen but -elt that he #ust be #entall" prepared -or an" e+entualit". When he did -ind rest. he e2perienced dread-ul drea#s in /hich he /as either bein) chased b" so#e unna#ed and unidenti-iable horror or he /as -allin). -allin). -allin). &s -ar as he could re#e#ber. he al/a"s a/akened be-ore hittin) the )round. Durin) the da" >d/ard -elt tired and e2hausted. ?e /as seldo# able to co#plete sel-=appointed tasks and -re<uentl" had to lie

do/n to rest. ?e kne/ that he /as constantl" in a state oner+ous tension but -elt po/erless to do an"thin) about it. >d/ardDs stor" has been repeated b" #an" o- #" patients o+er the "ears. & ph"sician /ho has been in practice -or an" len)th oti#e /ill ha+e encountered this proble# but usuall" has -ound it di--icult to treat. (hronic an2iet". another cell in the prison o- -ear. can ensnare the #ind. Due to -ear less speci-ic than the -ear associated /ith phobias. it is present constantl". re)ardless o- e2ternal circu#stances.

The Prison of Anger

%igraine= Peptic &lcer= )ac' Pain= Hypertension= 8esity

&n)er i#prisons the #ind as e--ecti+el" as -ear. 1t is a nor#al hu#an e#otion /hich ad#inisters its #ost cripplin) e--ect /hen its e2pression is prohibited. &n)er can be repressed but ne+er eradicated. 1t continues to seek release b" e2pressin) itsel- in an abnor#al but so#e/hat dis)uised #anner. We /ill later consider /h" an)er is so#eti#es not per#itted nor#al e2pression. but here /e seek to understand /hat #a" happen /hen the nor#al a+enues o- e2pression are blocked. %igraine Mi)raine is a co##on -or# o- headache. responsible -or an enor#ous a#ount o- hu#an distress. 1t is an e2cellent e2a#ple o/hat #a" happen /hen an)er is repressed instead o- )ranted nor#al e2pression. To# ca#e to see #e /ith a #i)raine proble#. &part -ro# these headaches. he declared. he /as +er" happ". &t G0 "ears o- a)e he enBo"ed a lo+el" /i-e and t/o health" teena)e dau)hters. ?is /orld appeared to be per-ect. @nl" a #i)raine su--erer can reall" appreciate the relentless se+erit" o- an attack. To# e2plained that he -re<uentl" /ent to bed -eelin) <uite /ell. but shortl" a-ter /akenin) the ne2t #ornin). his head /ould be)in to throb /ith pain situated o+er the le-t e"e. 8suall" the pain /ould increase unless his #edication. 10

al/a"s at hand. /as i##ediatel" e--ecti+e. 1- it /as not. he /ould be incapacitated -or the re#ainder o- that da" and so#eti#es /ell into the -ollo/in) da". 3o#eti#es he /ould reach his o--ice and be able to /ork -or a -e/ hours. but then the headache /ould beco#e so intense that he /ould -ind it i#possible to continue. Returnin) ho#e to bed. he /ould re#ain in a darkened roo# /ith appropriate doses o#edication. @n occasion he beca#e so ill that he called his doctor -or an inBection to relie+e the pain. @n other occasions he /ould +o#it. /hich see#ed to relie+e hi#. 8suall" a-ter a )ood sleep. To# /ould a/aken -eelin) /ell. able once a)ain to continue his nor#al li-e. 9e-ore consultin) #e. To#Ds headaches had beco#e #uch #ore -re<uent. 1n the pre+ious "ear the" had be)un to recur at appro2i#atel" t/o=/eek inter+als. ?e had tried #an" #edications and -ound that althou)h none co#pletel" pre+ented the attacks. he /ould o-ten e2perience so#e relie- -ro# pain i- he took the# -ar enou)h in ad+ance. ?e had under)one all the in+esti)ations that /ere #edicall" reco##ended. but no e+idence o- an" disease had been detected. ?e /as re)arded as health" and ph"sicall" +er" -it. ,o one kne/ /hat brou)ht on his headaches. but the" certainl" caused hi# and his -a#il" e2cessi+e #iser". $rior to therap" 1 did not kno/ the cause o- To#Ds headaches. but 1 suspected. -ro# #" pre+ious e2perience /ith this proble#. that the" /ere probabl" the result o- suppressed an)er. To# #aintained that he ne+er lost his te#per. al/a"s keepin) a ti)ht rein upon it because he could not bear to hurt an"oneDs -eelin)s. ?e reco)ni6ed hi#sel- as a per-ectionist /ho #ust al/a"s do thin)s absolutel" correctl" so that no one could possibl" -ind -ault /ith his /ork. ?appil". throu)h anal"tical h"pnotherap". To# /as e+entuall" able to disco+er the cause o- his #i)raine. /hich indeed pro+ed to be repressed an)er. and to -ind ne/ #eans o- dealin) /ith it. 3uppressed an)er is like a sleepin) +olcanoJ it can erupt periodicall" in the -or# o- a headache. backache or so#e other ph"sical disco#-ort.

11

Peptic &lcer & peptic ulcer is another ps"choso#atic illness /hich can result -ro# repressed an)er. &lanDs histor" e2e#pli-ies this proble# /ell. ?e ca#e to see #e so#e ti#e a)o because he /as su--erin) -ro# a )reat deal oabdo#inal pain in spite o- e2tensi+e sur)ical treat#ent -or a sto#ach ulcer. 9ecause o- occasional bleedin) -ro# the operation site. -urther sur)er" had been reco##ended. ?e had co#e to the conclusion that repeated operations had not brou)ht an" per#anent i#pro+e#ent in his health. so he /as desperate to tr" an alternati+e -or# o- therap". &lan /as an en)ineer in his late -orties /ho -elt -rustrated in a Bob /hich #ade -e/ de#ands upon hi# intellectuall". ?e -ound that he /as -re<uentl" bein) called upon to do his /ork in a #anner /hich he considered to be ine--icient and unsatis-actor". Fanc"in) hi#sel- #ore in-or#ed than his superiors. he /as -re<uentl" -orced to suppress his opposition to the# on i#portant issues. @-ten depressed and lackin) in ener)". he persistentl" looked upon hi#sel- as a personal -ailure. &-ter talkin) to &lan -or a short ti#e. 1 beca#e a/are o- the tre#endous potential that la" dor#ant in hi#. ?e had been able to use this potential b" startin) a s#all business in the sale otools /hich. /ith the help o- his /i-e. he operated in addition to his Bob as an en)ineer. &lthou)h <uite success-ul. he re#ained dissatis-ied /ith his e--orts. ?e /anted to chan)e his li-e in so#e /a" but did not kno/ ho/. 1 recei+ed the i#pression that &lan /as a #an /ith enor#ous ener)" /hich so#eho/ had been obstructed. This is the +er" kind o- personalit". o- course. that is prone to su--er -ro# ps"choso#atic illnesses. and /e /ill later learn ho/ people like &lan are i#prisoned b" the an)er the" cannot e2press. 1 a# pleased to sa" that &lan /as e+entuall" able to escape -ro# his prison and beco#e +irtuall" -ree o- his s"#pto#s.

12

)ac' Pain Man" people /ho su--er -ro# lo/ back pain can -ind no cause -or its ori)in. Their 2=ra"s are nor#al. and clinical si)ns do not indi0 cate an" diseaseJ "et the pain recurs inter#ittentl" "ear a-ter "ear. Mar" ca#e to see #e because she had heard that h"pnosis could help to relie+e pain. 3he /as -ed up /ith ha+in) to take #edication -or a back pain that had pla)ued her -or o+er t/ent" "ears. &t the ti#e 1 #et her. she /as in her #id=-orties /ith a )ro/n=up -a#il". 1 recall that she displa"ed the resi)ned look oe2tensi+e su--erin). 3he /as <uite handso#e and /ell=dressed /ith a <uiet +oice and de#eanour /hich su))ested so#eone /ho /ould pre-er not to be noticed. 3he told #e that her onl" periods o- -reedo# -ro# the back pain. /hich /as so#eti#es <uite e2cruciatin). occurred durin) her pre)nancies. This is. o- course. <uite unlike an or)anic ail#ent. /hich /ould tend to /orsen durin) pre)nanc". 3he ad#itted to bein) tense and depressed. but she attributed this to her back pain. /hich she -elt /ould #ake an"one -eel depressed. 1t certainl" pre+ented her -ro# per-or#in) a +ariet" o- tasks. and it particularl" hindered her -ro# sharin) in acti+ities /ith the rest o- the -a#il". @-ten she had to retire to bed /hile her husband and children /ent on their /a" /ithout her. Mar" belie+ed that her back pain ph"sicall" i#prisoned her. but in therap" she learned that her real prison /as one o- une2pressed an)er. @nce she /as able to +ent that an)er. she -reed hersel-ro# it and her back pain. Hypertension ?i)h blood pressure or h"pertension is a +er" serious #odern disease /hich appears to be on the increase. We ph"sicians kno/ that the strain /hich it i#poses upon the heart and the blood +essels is -re<uentl" responsible -or disabilit" and o-ten leads to earl" death. 1F

Modern #edical treat#ent is o-ten hi)hl" e--ecti+e in controllin) hi)h blood pressure but rarel" succeeds in curin) it. This is because onl" in a #inorit" o- cases can a cause be -ound and treated. 1n #" e2perience. the ori)in o- h"pertension is usuall" an e#otional tension /hich results -ro# a blockin) o- the e2pression o- an)er. $hillip /as thirt"=ei)ht "ears o- a)e /hen he -irst consulted #e. ?e /as o+er/ei)ht and su--erin) -ro# hi)h blood pressure /hich. /ithout continuous #edication. soared into a ran)e /hich could soon lead to per#anent da#a)e to his heart. kidne"s or blood +essels. ?e /as a/are that an" o- these e+entualities could cause his death. and he /as told that losin) so#e /ei)ht /ould )o a lon) /a" to achie+in) control o- his blood pressure. &lthou)h a bi) #an. $hillip /as <uiet and retirin). ?e /as al/a"s s#ilin) and /as +er" /ell liked. ?e /ould ne+er ar)ue /ith an"one and /ould certainl" ne+er be the cause o- an ar)u#ent. ?e had ne+er been heard to de-end hi#sel-. and it /ould re<uire a )reat e--ort o- i#a)ination to think o- hi# beco#in) an)r". $hillip did ad#it to a )reat deal o- tension and to su--erin) -ro# di--icult" in -allin) asleep. ?e also -elt that he /as totall" unable to stop hi#sel- -ro# eatin) -attenin) -oods. 1n therap" /e -ound a seethin) an)er /ithin $hillip /hich /as kept so totall" controlled that he /as entirel" una/are o- it. The onl" e2ternal e+idence o- the an)er /as his raised blood pressure and his sel-=destructi+e eatin) pattern. ?e /as i#prisoned b" his an)er. and onl" /hen he reali6ed this /as he able to do so#ethin) to release it and thus to -ree hi#sel- -ro# its prison. When that happened he beca#e #ore rela2ed. his blood pressure started to -all and he /as at last able to sta" on a reducin) diet pro)ra#. 8esity 9ecause o+ereatin) #a" result -ro# a +ariet" o- causes. the proble# o- obesit" beco#es e2ceedin)l" co#ple2. @ne o- the #ost co##on reasons -or obesit" is suppressed an)er. T"picall". the obese /o#an is one /ho al/a"s appears to be Bo+ial and /ithout a care in the /orld. 3he e+en shares in Bokes about bein) o+er/ei)ht. Deep inside. ho/e+er. she is boilin) /ith an)er -ro# the hurts that she has recei+ed. 4et she continues to s/allo/ her an)er /ith e+er" #outh-ul o- -ood. 1G

1 /ell re#e#ber $e))". /ho at t/ent"=-i+e had attracti+e -eatures. su))estin) that she #i)ht ha+e been e2tre#el" beauti-ul /ith one hundred pounds less /ei)ht. When she ca#e to #e -or help. she e2plained that she had been onl" one hundred and -i-teen pounds /hen she #arried at si2teen. $re)nant at the ti#e o- her -irst +isit. and ha+in) t/o other children. she attributed #uch o- her e2cess /ei)ht to her pre)nancies. -or she had lost +er" little a-ter each. ?er "oun)er child /as then -our "ears o- a)e. and she e+entuall" ad#itted to puttin) on about -i-t" pounds since his birth. %ike so #an" obese people. she -ound it di--icult to accept responsibilit" -or her increased /ei)ht. $e))" told #e a )reat deal about hersel-. 3he had -e/ -riends. but she -re<uentl" +isited her #other. /ho li+ed not -ar -ro# her. 3he seldo# enBo"ed these +isits because her #other /as e2tre#el" critical o- her. 3he did not think that her #other intended to hurt her. but this /as si#pl" her /a". $e))" -elt that nothin) could be done about it. ?er husband /orked at a distance -ro# ho#e and /as rarel" at ho#e e2cept on /eekends. 3he did not like this but kne/ that she had to tolerate it -or the ti#e bein). $e))" had ne+er endured an" -inancial proble#s. but she /as o-ten depressed -or no clear reason. Finall". she had a dau)hter o- ei)ht /ho presented her /ith discipline proble#s. Durin) h"pnoanal"sis /e disco+ered that $e))" /as indeed seeth0 in) /ith tre#endous an)er o- /hich she /as initiall" <uite obli+ious. &n old an)er /hich she could not let hersel- -eel. let alone e2press. it /as the -orce /hich dro+e her to eat e+en thou)h she /as not hun)r". @nl" /hen she ca#e to ter#s /ith her an)er and accepted it did she escape -ro# its prison. When she -irst ca#e to #e. she thou)ht that she /ould )et rid o- her co#pulsion to eat si#pl" b" #eans o- a post=h"pnotic su))estion )i+en in h"pnosis. 8n-ortunatel". solutions are not easil" a+ailable. and su))estions )i+en in this #anner are usuall" reBected or -ollo/ed -or a short ti#e onl". 3ince the proble# o- obesit" is so i#portant. 1 shall be discussin) it in )reater depth else/here in this book. and /e /ill disco+er that repressed an)er is onl" one o- its possible causes.

15

The Prison of Pain and Sadness

Asth+a= #epression= #rug Addiction= Alcoholis+= S+o'ing

The deep /ound and the sadness o- reBection is probabl" central to the )enesis o- all e#otional illnesses. The earlier such reBection occurs. the #ore de+astatin) its e--ect. -or the child /ho has ne+er e2perienced acceptance co##ands -e/ resources /ith /hich to deal /ith later reBection. The person /ho pla"s the )reatest part in the creation o- a childDs #ental health is ine+itabl" his #other. ?er acceptance enables hi# to accept hi#sel-. ReBection b" #other is al/a"s acutel" pain-ul and -ri)htenin). The pain o- reBection is o-ten too se+ere to tolerate at a conscious le+el and there-ore #ust be repressed. 1t does not )o a/a". ho/e+er. no #atter ho/ una/are the indi+idual is o- its e2istence. 1ts constant de#and to be e2pressed in so#e -or# or other results in a ph"sical or an e#otional disturbanceCor a co#bination o- both. @nl" a -e/ e2a#ples can be )i+en here. Asth+a We can +eri-" a stron) aller)ic ele#ent in asth#a. a condition in /hich the +icti# su--ers )reat di--icult" in breathin). There is so#e e+idence to su))est that e+en this ele#ent has an e#otional basis. but in an" case. it is )enerall" a)reed that e#otion can a))ra+ate al#ost an" aller)ic illness. and this /as certainl" ne+er truer than /ith asth#a. 1 -irst #et &lbert so#e "ears a)o /hen he /as re-erred to #e because his asth#a attacks appeared to be increasin) in -re<uenc". &t the ti#e he /as t/ent". and he in-or#ed #e that he had su--ered -ro# this proble# since the a)e o- -our. The "oun)er o- t/o bo"s. &lbert recalled that his brother /as apparentl" bri)hter than he and did +er" /ell at school. /hereas he did co#parati+el" badl". ?e bla#ed that on his asth#a. /hich -re<uentl" kept hi# at ho#e and #ade it di--icult -or hi# to co#pete /ith the others. 3o#e o- &lbertDs asth#a attacks had been -ri)htenin)l" se+ere. and he had been hospitali6ed on occasions to the )reat disruption o- the -a#il". ?is parents appeared to be <uite de+oted to hi#. and he -elt that he related /ell to the#. 1K

3tran)el" enou)h. &lbert /as -ree o- all attacks o- asth#a -or one "ear. Durin) this "ear he /as a/a" -ro# ho#e attendin) colle)e in another cit". 1n the ei)hteen #onths or so -ollo/in) his return -ro# colle)e. his attacks increased in se+erit". Medications had to be increased. and he /as e+entuall" placed on cortisone therap". /hich )a+e hi# so#e relie- -ro# the intensit" o- the attacks but did not reduce their -re<uenc". ?e ca#e to see #e speci-icall" to help hi# reduce his attacks o- asth#a so that he could discontinue so#e o- his #edications. Durin) anal"sis /e disco+ered that the true cause o- his asth#a /as his intense -eelin) o- reBection. ?is asth#a represented a silent cr" o- pain. e2pressin) a hurt /hich he could not allo/ hi#sel- to -eel. 1t /as necessar" -or &lbert to deal /ith his pain be-ore his asth#a e+entuall" i#pro+ed. #epression >ach o- us has e2perienced a -it o- #elanchol". but depression possesses a certain -utile and )roundless <ualit" /hich sets it apart -ro# ordinar" sadness. T"picall" the su--erer is unable to -unction properl". ?e beco#es easil" tired and does not sleep /ell. ?e is irritable and -re<uentl" unaccountabl" tear-ul. Durin) periods o- depression the /orld appears an a/-ul and hopeless place in /hich nothin) e+er )oes ri)ht. Depression is o-ten co#plicated b" -eelin)s o- an)er and )uilt. both o- /hich can be traced to e2periences o- earl" reBection. The reBection is responsible -or the sadness and the an)er. but this an)er #a" be repressed or directed to/ard the su--erer. &lternati+el". the sadness #a" be concealed b" the an)er. and neither the sadness nor the an)er /ill be )i+en appropriate e2ternal e2pression. For this reason the depressed person #a" e2press his an)er a)ainst hi#sel- in the e2tre#el" hostile act osuicideCthe #urder o- the sel-. 3andra /as a tall. attracti+e )irl in her late t/enties /ho had li+ed /ith se+eral #en but had ne+er #arried. 3he /as sustainin) a relationship /ith a #arried #an /ho /as separated -ro# his /i-e at the ti#e that she consulted #e. ?er histor" /as an e#otionall" stor#" one. There had been #an" ad#issions to a hospital -or ps"chiatric treat#ent durin) her adolescenceJ on one occasion she 1!

atte#pted suicide b" slashin) her /rists and on another b" takin) an o+erdose o- tran<uili6ers. 3he ca#e to see #e because. once a)ain -eelin) depressed and hopeless. she /as searchin) -or a di--erent route to the solution oher e#otional proble#s. 3he /as a/are o- her sadness but /as una/are o- its true intensit" or o- the an)er /hich acco#panied it. 1 suspected that she /ould ha+e di--icult" in co#in) to ter#s /ith the i##ense a#ount o- repressed hurt that needed to be dealt /ith. and so it pro+ed. 3he did. ho/e+er. e+entuall" succeed in dealin) /ith the pain and sadness /hich /as i#prisonin) her in a li-e o- sel-=reBection. and she /as ulti#atel" able to )ain the -reedo# o- sel-=acceptance. This has resulted in #an" chan)es in her li-e and in her relationships. 3he no/ possesses an understandin) o- her -or#er beha+iour and kno/s that it has ended -or )ood. Depression is a clear si)n o- reBection. ori)inall" parental. /hich #ani-ests itsel- in the -or# o- sel-=reBection. Feelin)s o- reBection appear so co##onl" in anal"sis that 1 dee# the# to be e+er present in e#otional disturbances. #rug Addiction 3ociet" has al/a"s relied hea+il" on dru)s. >+en pri#iti+e #an learned that certain herbs could #odi-" the -eelin)s in his bod" and #ind. Man has re)ularl" turned to #edicines o- di--erent kinds to help heal sickness. and as a )eneral ph"sician in -a#il" practice 1 #ust ha+e prescribed #an" thousands o- dollarsD /orth o- dru)s o+er the "ears. 1t is there-ore not surprisin) that so#e o- us co#e to rel" so hea+il" on a particular dru) -or its e--ecti+eness in relie+in) a speci-ic disco#-ort that /e cannot )i+e it up. Dru) addiction is a serious proble# since its side e--ects -re<uentl" create a situation -ar /orse than that the" /ere intended to relie+e. &lcohol. tobacco. tran<uili6ers. a#pheta#ines and heroin are but a -e/ othe dru)s /hose addicti+e properties ha+e created /orld/ide proble#s. There is little e+idence that the #an" le)al restraints ha+e been success-ul in #odi-"in) dru) addiction in an" /a". 1'

&n understandin) o- the reasons -or dru) addiction #akes it clear /h" le)al restraints are doo#ed to -ailure. &ll dru)s are taken +oluntaril" onl" i- the" succeed in relie+in) a disco#-ort andAor )i+in) a pleasurable -eelin). 1 belie+e that those /ho beco#e addicted to a dru) are su--erin) -ro# a se+ere pain /hich is lar)el" or entirel" unconscious. The pain is al/a"s intense but is consciousl" onl" -elt as an uneasiness. cla#ourin) to be soothed. The dru) is there-ore bein) used b" the addict to suppress this se+ere unconscious pain. thou)h its success is onl" te#porar". Further#ore. the e--ecti+eness o- the dru) -re<uentl" decreases so that additional doses. /ith a conco#itant increase in side e--ects. beco#e necessar" -or e--ecti+e control o- the unconscious pain. ?o/e+er. /hen unconscious pain re<uires relie-. the thou)ht o-uture disco#-ort -ro# the side e--ects o- the dru) is rarel" an e--ecti+e deterrent to its use. This is particularl" the case i- such pain is #ore se+ere than the side e--ects o- the dru) or the le)al deterrents. Alcoholis+ &lcoholis# is the #ost co##on e2a#ple o- dru) addiction. $robabl" e+er" one o- us kno/s. or has kno/n an alcoholic and has /ondered /h" he continues to treat hi#sel- in this sel-= destructi+e #anner. John /as re-erred to #e because o- his s#okin) habit but con-ided that he reall" /anted help /ith his alcohol proble#. & bi) #an both ph"sicall" and #entall". John has done +er" /ell in his occupation. and /hen 1 -irst sa/ hi#. he had reached a +er" i#portant e2ecuti+e position in his -ir#. ?e /as then about -ort"= -i+e "ears o- a)e and had e+er"thin) that one could /ish -orCa lo+el" /i-e. three children /ho /ere all doin) /ell at school and colle)e. a house. a cotta)e. and #an" other Bo"s o- li-e /hich should ha+e #ade hi# -eel secure and happ". 4et he con-ided that e+er" so o-ten he /ould beco#e +er" depressed and /ould e#bark upon an alcoholic bin)e /hich /ould pre+ent hi# -ro# -unctionin) -or se+eral da"s. Reco)ni6in) his illness but incapable o- identi-"in) its ori)in. he /as seekin) #" help to assist hi# in controllin) the habit. 1 )uessed -ro# #" pre+ious e2perience /ith alcoholics that John /as nursin) a deep distress /hich periodicall" sur-aced but /hich 1

he /as unable to -eel. reco)ni6e or -ace. This indeed pro+ed to be the case. When John ca#e to ter#s /ith a )reat deal o- hidden pain. he /as e+entuall" able to relin<uish it per#anentl". ?is proble#s /ith alcohol since then ha+e -aded because /ithout pain. he no lon)er needs the pain killer alcohol. E<cessive S+o'ing & hi)h proportion o- hea+" s#okers can be persuaded to )i+e up s#okin) b" direct su))estion in h"pnosis. but a si)ni-icant nu#ber cannot. These people rel" upon ci)arettes to ease unconscious pain and distress. @nl" /hen that pain is resol+ed b" the application o- #ature understandin) to the attendant proble# can the tension creatin) the co#pulsion to s#oke be relie+ed and the direct su))estion to )i+e up s#okin) be accepted. 3o it is /ith all dru) addictions. The pain #ust be dealt /ith be-ore the habit can be per#anentl" relin<uished. The success rate -or h"pnotherap" in helpin) people to <uit s#okin) or to )i+e up an" other addiction #ust al/a"s be less than satis-actor" until the" can be released -ro# their prison ounconscious pain.

The Prison of Guilt

,+potence= *rigidity= 8esity= S'in #isease and Suicide

1n order to #ake co#prehensible #" concept o- e#otional illness. 1 ha+e arti-iciall" separated the three prisons o- -ear. an)er and hurt. but 1 belie+e that all o- these. in e--ect. are adBacent to and o+erlap each other /ith interco##unicatin) doors. so that an" or all o- these e#otions #i)ht be in+ol+ed in the production o- illness -ro# #ental i#prison#ent. 1 co#e no/ to the -ourth prison. that o- )uilt. /hich is al/a"s closel" connected to the -irst three. We shall disco+er ho/ )uilt is consistentl" a potent -actor in the production o- all e#otional ill0 nesses. 8nder certain conditions the -eelin) o- )uilt pla"s a pro#inent part in the e#otional proble#.

20

,+potence 1n no other condition is )uilt #ore likel" to be the #ain causati+e -actor in the production o- s"#pto#s than in the condition oi#potence. the -ailure o- the #ale to per-or# satis-actoril" durin) se2ual intercourse. 1t has been ackno/led)ed #ore and #ore as a cause o- considerable unhappiness -or #an" #arried couples and. in these da"s o- )reater acceptance o- e2tra=#arital se2. has been +ie/ed as a source o- proble#s in these relationships also. Toda" #an" therapies directed at resol+in) this proble# are #eetin) /ith +ar"in) de)rees o- success. ?o/e+er. persistent unconscious -eelin)s o- )uilt /ill continue to pre+ent success in a si)ni-icant proportion o- cases. >d/in /as re-erred to #e because at the a)e o- -ort"=-i+e he had -ound hi#sel- to be i#potent. ?e did e2perience penile erections -ro# ti#e to ti#e. but he /as unable to #aintain an erection lon) enou)h to ha+e satis-actor" intercourse. ?e had been a /ido/er -or -i+e "ears. ?is /i-e had died -ro# cancer. and he had nursed her durin) the illness. Theirs had been a lo+e #atch. and se2 /ith her. thou)h in-re<uent. had al/a"s been +er" )ood until her illness. /hen he had naturall" ceased #akin) an" se2ual de#ands upon her. Terribl" depressed b" his /i-eDs death. a lon) ti#e had elapsed be-ore he had been able to sociali6e a)ain. Reac<uaintance /ith an old )irl-riend de+eloped a relationship /hich the" decided to ce#ent b" #arria)e. With that co##it#ent the" be)an a se2ual relationship. but >d/in disco+ered to his dis#a" and e#barrass#ent that he /as i#potent. >d/inDs doctor ad#inistered #edication. inBections and ad+ice to no a+ail. and >d/in /as doubt-ul /hether he should )o ahead /ith his plans -or re#arria)e. ?e had e+en be)un to /onder /hether he had beco#e too old to start a ne/ se2ual relationship. 1 kne/ that this /as not true. and 1 also )uessed that his proble# /as too deep to be resol+ed #erel" b" direct su))estion in h"pnosis. /hich is o-ten <uite e--ecti+e. 1n -act. his case re<uired so#e thorou)h in+esti)ation. usin) anal"tical h"pnotic techni<ues. be-ore /e /ere able to locate and deal /ith the cause o- his proble#. 21

1t /as. o- course. a stron) -eelin) o- )uilt about this ne/ relationship /hich he /as totall" una/are o- at a conscious le+el. &-ter /e /ere able to relie+e the )uilt -eelin). >d/in /as able to -unction <uite nor#all" in his se2ual relationship. ?e is no/ happil" #arried. *rigidity This is the -e#ale e<ui+alent o- i#potence in the #ale. and althou)h se2ual proble#s in the -e#ale are probabl" Bust as co##on as in the #ale. the" are less o-ten the presentin) proble# -or /hich therap" is sou)ht. 1t is possible -or the -e#ale to -unction se2uall" e+en thou)h she is e#otionall" detached or e+en opposed to se2. 8suall". this proble# co#es to li)ht as part o- a /ider e#otional disturbance /hich is disruptin) her li-e. &n)ela /as about thirt" "ears o- a)e /hen she consulted #e because o- her recurrent depressions. 3he had been #arried -or #ore than ten "ears. but throu)hout that ti#e she had ne+er reall" enBo"ed her se2ual li-e /ith her husband. 3he recalled that their pre#arital se2 had been <uite )ood. Durin) therap" -or her depression /e unco+ered an enor#ous a#ount o- )uilt associated /ith se2. and it /as clear that she had blocked o-- her se2ual -eelin)s because o- her )uilt re)ardin) the#. We also needed to understand /h" this )uilt did not pre+ent her -ro# enBo"in) her pre#arital se2. With this -ull understandin) she /as e+entuall" able to relin<uish all o- her )uilt -eelin)s. 3he not onl" stopped bein) depressed but also once a)ain allo/ed hersel- to enBo" se2 /ith her husband. &n" /o#an /ho is su--erin) -ro# an inabilit" to enBo" nor#al se2ual -eelin)s is probabl" su--erin) -ro# )uilt. and to this e2tent she is i#prisoned b" it. 8esity We ha+e alread" spoken about the proble# o- obesit". but 1 #ention it a)ain here because it is so#eti#es a #ani-estation oi#prison#ent in the prison o- )uilt. 1n such cases the su--erer is the +icti# o- a co#pulsion to eat. e+en /hen he is not a/are oan" desire to eat. The co#pulsion. /hich is sel-=punishin). results -ro# an intense unconscious -eelin) o- )uilt. 22

T/ent"=t/o="ear=old Rosal"n pro+ides a strikin) histor" oso#eone /ho beco#es a +icti# o- this co#pulsion. 3he re<uested that 1 )i+e her a posth"pnotic su))estion not to eat because she /as a/are that she /as eatin) unconsciousl". 3he /ould )o -or da"s on an e2cellent diet pro)ra# and then. -or no apparent reason. /ould beco#e obsessed b" the ur)e to eat. 3toppin) at the local store. she /ould bu" all kinds o- Bunk -oods. take the# ho#e and )or)e hersel- on the#. stu--in) -ood into hersel- until she could hardl" #o+e. These /ere labeled 7bin)es.; and she /as deepl" asha#ed o- her -ailure to control the#. ,ot consciousl" a/are o- an" proble# that could tri))er her )or#andi6in). she a)reed to anal"tical h"pnotherap". Rosal"n /as <uite surprised /hen /e located an e2perience /hich she recalled consciousl" but did not at all associate /ith intense -eelin)s o- )uilt. The association had been suppressed. @nl" a-ter she beca#e a/are o- her )uilt -eelin)s and the reasons -or the# /as Rosal"n able to dis#iss the#. When she /as -reed -ro# her prison o- )uilt. she success-ull" #aintained her reducin) diet and consistentl" lost /ei)ht. When i#prisoned b" )uilt. the +icti# can onl" alle+iate that )uilt b" so#e assault upon hi#sel-. @+ereatin) is one co##on #eans o- sel-=a))ression. but there are #an" others. S'in #iseases 1t has lon) been kno/n that skin diseases are stron)l" a--ected b" e#otional -actors. 1n -act. #an" o- the# are due to unconscious -eelin)s o- )uilt. This #a" at -irst sound -ar=-etched. but the i#pro+e#ent o- se+eral patients has been the direct result orelin<uishin) such )uilt -eelin)s. 1 re#e#ber the case o- Martha. /ho at -ort"=-i+e "ears o- a)e had su--ered -ro# urticaria. popularl" kno/n as hi+es. -or #an" "ears. 1t -re<uentl" in+ol+es the #ucous #e#branes as /ell as the skin. 3he e2perienced these attacks at odd ti#es. and the search -or an aller)ic cause pro+ed to be un-ruit-ul. @ccasionall" she beca#e so s/elled up /ith urticaria attacks in+ol+in) #outh and throat that her breathin) /as threatened and e#er)enc" treat#ent had to be adopted. Follo/in) therap". durin) /hich she /as able to deal /ith an apparentl" unrelated source o- )uilt. her urticaria stopped recurrin) and she has re#ained -ree -ro# it e+er since. 2F

Suicide We cannot lea+e a discussion o- the prison o- )uilt /ithout takin) a brie- look at the proble# o- suicide. /hich 1 shall e2plore in )reater detail later. Wh" should an"one /ish to kill hi#sel-I Those /ho ha+e the#sel+es atte#pted suicide #a" understand its causes to a certain e2tent. but it is #" e2perience that the reasons -or suicide are onl" di#l" understood. e+en b" those /ho are deepl" in+ol+ed in /orkin) /ith the proble#. 3o#eti#es the +icti# has been kno/n to under)o a prolon)ed period o- depression. but o-ten there has been no prior /arnin). The indi+idual #a" e+en ha+e appeared to be the li-e and soul othe part". ?e /as perhaps occasionall" a little #ood". but on the /hole he see#ed to enBo" li-e. 3uicide is the ulti#ate hostile act. 1t is the #urder o- onesel-. and "et -or the perpetrator it see#s to be the ri)ht and proper act to per-or# at the ti#e. ?e -eels that he is killin) a #onster that has no ri)ht to li+e and is thereb" doin) the /orld a -a+our. 1n -act. he declares that this #a" be the onl" positi+e -eat he has e+er per-or#ed. This sounds like absurd thinkin) to the obser+er. but one has to be inside the +icti#Ds #ind to reco)ni6e his lo)ic. Fro# his perspecti+e he has no alternati+eJ onl" because /e cannot penetrate his rationale do /e -ail to understand hi#. ?e is li+in) in a prison o- )uilt. certain that he can onl" escape throu)h death. Further#ore. he is sure that this is an appropriate )esture because he unconsciousl" belie+es that he has been sentenced to death and this is onl" carr"in) out that sentence. We shall anal"6e this +ie/point in )reater detail later. atte#ptin) to understand the suicideDs thinkin) at an unconscious le+el. Man" ous li+in) in prisons o- )uilt are potential suicides but are usin) +arious #ethods to /ard o-- the death sentence. Jenni-er ca#e to see #e because she /as entertainin) -ri)htenin) thou)hts that she should kill hersel-. &t t/ent"=-our "ears o- a)e. she had recentl" )raduated -ro# the uni+ersit" and /as apparentl" doin) <uite /ell in her chosen pro-ession as a social /orker. 3he described her recent states o- depression and co#plained that she -ound it di--icult to concentrate upon her 2G

/ork. 3he had )ood reason to seek help -ro# these suicidal -eelin)s because so#e ten "ears or so be-ore she had #ade an al#ost success-ul atte#pt to take her o/n li-e. 3he /as onl" sa+ed b" pro#pt and e--icient #edical treat#ent. ?a+in) heard o- the -acilit" /ith /hich h"pnosis could unco+er unconscious thou)ht. Jenni-er hoped that 1 could help. We -ound. as 1 e2pected /e #i)ht. that she had al/a"s been in a prison o)uilt and had e2isted /ith a sentence o- death han)in) o+er her head since birth. 1t had ne+er been co##uted but onl" postponed to the end o- her uni+ersit" trainin). ?er case /as +er" co#ple2. but /e /ere e+entuall" able to reach a resolution /hich enabled her to escape -ro# the prison o- )uilt to a -reedo# she had ne+er pre+iousl" kno/n. 1n discussin) the #ain prisons o- the #ind. 1 ha+e onl" #entioned a -e/ o- the #an" proble#s /hich are presented to h"pno0 therapists each da". 1n al#ost e+er" case 1 a# able to -ind so#e e+idence o- e#otional incarceration in one or #ore o- the -our prisons that 1 ha+e described. ,o one chooses to )o to prison. so /hen 1 disco+er a patient tucked a/a" in one o- these prisons. 1 naturall" ask. ho/ did he )et thereI What cri#e did he co##it /hich led to his prison sentenceI &nd /hat is his sentenceI 9" seekin) and -indin) ans/ers to <uestions such as these. 1 a# able to help the +icti# deter#ine the #eans o- securin) a release -ro# his prison. ?o/e+er. be-ore /e )et to that point. 1 /ant to discuss the cri#es /hich are present in the e#otional codeC+er" di--erent -ro# o--ences listed in the cri#inal code o- an" #odern societ". but nonetheless capable o- landin) one in solitar" con-ine#ent.

25

2K

Chapter Two The Crime

1n the e"es o- the la/. a cri#e is an" act that endan)ers the peace and order o- societ". To #aintain its )ood health societies #ust apprehend and punish those /ho de-" its rules. (ri#inals #ust not be allo/ed to repeat their o--enses. 1 intend to dra/ a close parallel bet/een this )enerall" accepted understandin) o- cri#e and the cri#e /hich results in the i#prison#ent o- part o- our #inds. This latter cri#e di--ers -ro# the usual cri#e onl" in that the societ" in+ol+ed is an e2tre#el" s#all one. 1t usuall" consists o- the indi+idual and one other person. #ost o-ten #other. 3een -ro# outside the s#all societ" o- the persons in+ol+ed these acts do not appear to be cri#es. >+en the indi+iduals in+ol+ed ha+e di--icult" in reco)ni6in) these e+ents as cri#es /hen the" +ie/ed the# -ro# the distance that ti#e e+entuall" i#poses. , a+ here &s 1 beca#e #ore in+ol+ed in anal"tical h"pnotherap" 1 disco+ered that a hi)h proportion o- #" patientsD proble#s appeared to be)in at birth or e+en be-ore. 1nitiall". 1 had so#e di--icult" in -ull" acceptin) this startlin) disco+er". @ther /orkers in h"pnotherap" ha+e co#e to si#ilar conclusions in recent "ears. There no/ see#s to be little doubt that the circu#stances o- birth and so#eti#es o- pre)nanc" can pro+ide us /ith solutions to e#otional proble#s /hich pre+iousl" appeared insoluble. &s a result o- this -indin). /hich is so i#portant to anal"tical h"pnotherap" as to be al#ost re+olutionar". 1 no/ routinel" e#plo" techni<ues /hich enable #" patients to e2plore these earl" e2periences. 1n this #anner /e are able to disco+er /hether

2!

an" circu#stances associated /ith responsible -or an e#otional proble#.

birth

#i)ht

ha+e

been

1 once belie+ed that the unborn child and ne/born in-ant could not be a/are o- an" o- the e+ents occurrin) so earl" in li-e. 1 no/ ha+e abundant and irre-utable e+idence that 1 /as /ron). True. consciousness does not de+elop until the earl" "ears o- childhood. but 1 no/ kno/ that the unconscious #ind is hi)hl" de+eloped in the prenatal period. 1ndeed. it is su--icientl" de+eloped to be able to record accuratel" all si)ni-icant e+ents occurrin) at that ti#e. These e+ents. /hich #a" ha+e a pro-ound e--ect on the re#ainder o- the indi+idualDs li-e. re<uire to be -ull" understood i- the resultin) proble#s are to be resol+ed. >#otional proble#s can co##ence in the prenatal period. Man" patients. -or instance. ha+e taken #e to this period in /hich the unconscious #ind o- the unborn bab" has recorded a stron) i#pression o- reBection. ?e is an un/elco#e burden. $erhaps the bab" is not able to -ull" appreciate the si)ni-icance o- the e+ents at the ti#e. but 1 do belie+e that the" are -aith-ull" recorded b" the unconscious #ind at the #o#ent o- occurrence. The" are later understood and interpreted at an unconscious le+el in the li)ht osubse<uent e+ents. The earliest cri#e that an indi+idual can co##it is the cri#e oe2istin). ?e is un/anted and there-ore should not be. We ha+e alread" de-ined a cri#e as an act /hich is a dan)er to the peace and order o- societ". &n un/anted in-ant has clearl" co##itted such a cri#e. -or his +er" presence disturbs the e2istin) order and peace. Ti#e a-ter ti#e 1 ha+e -ound that -eelin)s o- )uilt ha+e ori)inated in prenatal reBection /hen the unborn bab" hears. or in so#e other /a" senses. that he is not /elco#e. 8na/are that the responsibilit" -or e2istence cannot be char)ed to the in-ant. he can onl" discern that his presence is causin) distress to others and that his +er" e2istence is #eetin) /ith )ra+e disappro+al. ?e has co##itted a cri#e -or /hich he -eels intense )uilt. The onl" /a" in /hich he can e2piate his cri#e is b" not e2istin). 1t #a" be a lon) ti#e be-ore he learns ho/ to acco#plish this b" 2'

killin) hi#sel-. but be-ore that he /ill disco+er that the co#pro#ise o- bein) as insi)ni-icant as possible #a" be acceptable. Man" o- #" patients +a)uel" sense that the" do not belon) or that the" are /orthless and should not be here. The" harbour insecurities /hich inti#ate that the" do not deser+e to be ali+e. This -eelin) per+ades e+er" thou)ht and action so that the" are unable to enBo" li-e. Ti#e and a)ain #" anal"sis has +eri-ied that the" /ere subBected to a stron) earl" reBection. either be-ore or at birth. /hich #ade the# certain that the" had co##itted the cri#e o- bein) here. ?o/ o-ten ha+e /e heard people sa". 71 /ish 1 had ne+er been bornI; 3o#e o- these people ha+e /ished this -ro# the #o#ent o- birth. %et #e tell "ou about Ruth. 3he /as thirt"=ei)ht "ears old /hen she ca#e to see #e. Luietl" dressed and <uietl" spoken. she al#ost appeared to #elt into the back)round. 1 had the distinct i#pression that she could not bear to be looked at or noticed. and it took a lon) /hile be-ore /e could establish a rapport. 3he recounted se+eral liaisons /ith unsuitable #en. but she had ne+er been #arried. 1 )athered that she seldo# #ade a success o- an" proBect that she had started. Thin)s al/a"s see#ed to )o /ron) -or her. 3he had been ad#itted to se+eral hospitals -or the treat#ent o- a depression /hich /as her constant co#panion. 3he looked <uite deBected at our -irst #eetin). and /hen /e talked about her e2periences. it see#ed clear that she had succeeded in -unctionin) onl" #ar)inall" throu)hout her li-e. 3he ad#itted to stron) -eelin)s o- /orthlessness. to the sensation that li-e held nothin) -or her. 3he could not #ake -riends easil" and described hersel- as a loner. @n the other hand. she #ade no ene#ies because she /as al/a"s so care-ul to a+oid )i+in) o--ence. 1 recei+ed a stron) i#pression o- e#ptiness as 1 counselled /ith her. but 1 -ound it di--icult to co##unicate /ith her because she reBected the possibilit" that an"one could be interested in her or her proble#s -or #ore than a -e/ #inutes at a ti#e. 3he a#pl" de#onstrated her lack o- sel-= estee# b" the repeated <uestion. 7What )ood a# 1 to an"oneI;

1 kne/ that therap" in such a case /ould be +er" di--icult. e+en thou)h her +er" presence in #" o--ice re-lected her personal ad#ission that she should not continue in her present <uandar". &s part o- the initial anal"sis 1 re)ressed her to the #o#ents i##ediatel" a-ter birth. askin) her to recall /hether or not she -elt /elco#e at that ti#e. 3he indicated that she not onl" -elt totall" un/elco#e but harboured )uilt -or bein) there. When 1 re)ressed her to the ti#e that she -irst -elt un/elco#e she re+erted to a #o#ent shortl" be-ore birth. With a little encoura)e#ent she /as able to recall the e2perience responsible -or her -eelin) o- reBection. 3he recollected her #other sa"in) <uite +ehe#entl" to her -ather. 71 ne+er /anted this bab":M ?er pain in re#e#berin) the incident /as +er" real. Feelin) responsible -or her #otherDs distress. she kne/ that she had co##itted a )ra+e cri#e. ?a+in) perpetrated the cri#e o- e2istin). Ruth had been conde#ned to the prison o- )uilt. The locks /ere secure and /ell )uarded. 1t took a )reat deal o- in)enuit" to -ree her. to persuade her to accept the ri)ht to li+e. 1t #a" "et be so#e ti#e be-ore she can -ull" accept her -reedo#. This particular cri#e. the cri#e o- e2istin). has recei+ed little attention -ro# ps"chiatrists since it is onl" readil" reco)ni6able b" the e#plo"#ent o- h"pnoanal"tical techni<ues. 1ts i#portance in the etiolo)" o- #ental illness. ho/e+er. cannot be o+eresti#ated. 5no/led)e o- the e2istence o- this cri#e -re<uentl" )i+es a #uch clearer understandin) o- an e#otional proble#. , a+ a girl>8oy Durin) h"pnoanal"sis /e o-ten disco+er that -eelin)s o- reBection are rooted in the patientDs belie- that he or she is o- the /ron) se2. The )uilt can be Bust as trau#atic as that discussed abo+e. 9ecause the ne/born is not a/are that his se2 is an"oneDs responsibilit" but his o/n. he -eels a personal liabilit" -or the distress that his se2 has brou)ht to his parent. ?e -eels reBected at a ti#e /hen acceptance is crucial. 1- the in-ant is a bo" /hen the parents desired a )irl. he /ill tr" earnestl" to beha+e as a )irl in order to recei+e acceptance. 3uccess in this +enture. o- course. /ill be +er" li#ited apart -ro# F0

those e2ceptional cases in /hich this )uilt can at last be e2piated later in li-e b" a se2 chan)e operation. 1 belie+e that in #an" cases ho#ose2ualit" can be traced to this cri#e. (ertainl" all trans+estis# is rooted here. %esle" ca#e to #e at the a)e o- nineteen -or help in losin) /ei)ht. >arl" in h"pnoanal"sis she recalled her -atherDs intense disap0 point#ent shortl" a-ter her birth /hen he learned that she /as a )irl. 9ecause it /as i#portant to her that she be accepted b" hi#. she /as crushed b" his reBection o- her -e#ale identit". @ther later e2periences rein-orced her )uilt about not bein) a bo". Throu)hout her li-e she had desperatel" tried to #ake a#ends -or the 7cri#e; b" beha+in) as #uch like a bo" as possible. %esle" recalled that she o-ten /ore #ale clothin) and pla"ed hocke" and -ootball /ith the bo"s. 3he see#ed to despise )irls and -elt co#pelled to co#pete /ith bo"s. 3he beca#e +er" depressed at pubert" /hen she be)an to #enstruate and her breasts started to de+elop. -or she kne/ then that she could ne+er reall" please her -ather and that he /ould not accept /hat she could no lon)er den"C that she /as a )irl: &t this ti#e she sou)ht solace in -ood. /hich she later reco)ni6ed as another /a" oden"in) her -e#ininit". @nl" /hen %esle" could learn to accept hersel- as a )irl /as she able to control her eatin) and lose /ei)ht. Released -ro# her prison o- )uilt. she could +ie/ herselas a uni<ue indi+idual. %esle"Ds stor" is bein) repeated al#ost dail" in #" o--ice. 3e2ual di--iculties are naturall" <uite co##on /ith these people. Their )uilt about their o/n se2 pre+ents the# -ro# -unctionin) ade<uatel" as se2ual bein)s. Feelin)s o- un/orthiness and depression are natural responses to reBection. and obesit" is a co##on /a" -or /o#en to den" their -e#ininit". , a+ angry Just as )ender can create reBection. certain hu#an traits #a" occasion distress. causin) the indi+idual to -eel that he has co##itted a cri#e. >+er" hu#an bein) possesses e#otions. /hich are his unconscious #eans o- respondin) to the /orld around hi# and -or# an essential part o- his sur+i+al #echanis#. F1

The cri#e o- bein) an)r" is perpetrated /ith re)ularit" because it is one o- the pri#ar" e#otions /hich -unction to protect us. 1t is present in all hu#an bein)s and #ost ani#als. 8ncontrolled an)er. ho/e+er. produces alar#in) conse<uences. and all societies e2ert so#e control o+er it. 3o#e re)ard an)er as so abhorrent that its e2pression is e#phaticall" deplored. 1n conductin) h"pnoanal"sis. 1 o-ten deter#ine that the /orld othe in-ant or child has been Bolted b" parental inBustice. &s a result. the child is -rustrated and beco#es an)r". 1- the parentDs responses are e2tre#e. the patient #a" be se+erel" repri#anded and subBected to a -ri)htenin) displa" o- an)er. and thus the in-ant or child /ill <uickl" beco#e a/are that he has co##itted a cri#e. ?e -eels an)r" but disco+ers that he #ust not e2press that an)er. @nl" bad people are an)r". & s#all child does not understand bad or )ood. ?o/e+er. he readil" co#prehends parental acceptance and reBection. We shall later see ho/ the idea o- 7bein) bad; is associated /ith parental reBection. 3ince e+er" child needs parental acceptance because othe protection and securit" that it en)enders. he /ill repress his nor#al an)er in order to )ain it. We ha+e alread" seen that an)er can be repressed but ne+er abolished. The child /ho has been con+icted o- the cri#e o- an)er learns that he #ust not e+en allo/ hi#sel- to -eel that e#otion. and thus beco#es locked in a prison o- an)er. $h"llis ca#e to see #e because she had heard that h"pnosis /as o-ten use-ul in helpin) people lose /ei)ht. 3he /as about -i-t" "ears o- a)e /hen /e #et. a pleasant person /ith a )entle air. &s it turned out. she /as a deepl" reli)ious /o#an /ho /ished to )enerate onl" kind thou)hts and per-or# onl" kind deeds. $h"llis conte#plated h"pnosis in desperation. uncertain /hether it /as the /ork o- Hod or the De+il. >+entuall" assured that Hod had sent her to #e. she /as able to speak -reel" about her proble#. 3he /as se+ent" pounds o+er/ei)ht. and the -act that she /as unable to diet -or #ore than a -e/ da"s at a ti#e -illed her /ith )reat sha#e. ?er husband. she in-or#ed #e. -ri)htened her /ith his outbursts o- te#per. ?e o-ten treated her /ith ridicule and conte#pt. but F2

she bore these assaults on her -eelin)s /ith saint=like tolerance. 3he /ondered. ho/e+er. /h" she so o-ten -elt i#pelled to eat a-ter one o- these outbursts. 1 )uessed at the reason i##ediatel" but a/aited the outco#e o- h"pnoanal"sis to +eri-" #" suspicions. 1n h"pnoanal"sis /e soon located the ori)in o- her proble#. 3he /as -i+e "ears o- a)e /hen her three="ear=old sister /anted to take a/a" a to" that she /as pla"in) /ith. &s she scu--led /ith her sister o+er the to". it cau)ht her sister Bust abo+e the e"e. laceratin) it se+erel". ?er sister screa#ed. her #other screa#ed. and e+en her -ather. nor#all" +er" cal# and i#partial. "elled at her. 3he /as terri-ied. 9anished to her roo# /hile her sister /as rushed to hospital under the i#pendin) threat o- blindness. $h"llis i##ediatel" reco)ni6ed that she had co##itted the )rie+ous cri#e o- an)er. &t that point $h"llis reali6ed that she #ust ne+er be an)r" a)ain. @thers #i)ht be per#itted an outburst o- an)er. but not $h"llis. 3he /as a bad )irl /ho #ust not e+en -eel an)er. let alone e2press it. ?er )uilt locked her -ir#l" in the prison o- an)er. but her an)er ne+er reall" le-t her. We learned that her husband -re<uentl" #ade her -eel +er" an)r". "et she /as ne+er consciousl" a/are o- it. Resent#ent /as consistentl" subli#ated and controlled b" -ood. 1t took so#e ti#e -or $h"llis to reali6e that she /as no #ore responsible -or her sisterDs accident than her sister /as hersel-. 3he also had to learn that her an)er /as not reall" badJ that she had a ri)ht to protect hersel- a)ainst her husbandDs un-air attacks. When she /as able to understand this. she accepted her an)er. re#e#berin) that (hrist had also +ented ?is an)er at the appropriate ti#e. &s a result. she /as -reed -ro# her prison oan)er and /as at last able to adhere to a diet pro)ra#. , a+ afraid We are all prone to -ear. 1t is an i#portant protecti+e e#otion /hich not onl" /arns us o- dan)er but also #obili6es our -li)ht responses so that /e can -lee -ro# peril. 3o#eti#es an intensel" -ri)htenin) e2perience has occurred. but -or so#e reason the natural response o- -ear is unacceptable or #eets /ith #arked parental disappro+al. pre+entin) its -ull FF

e2pression. Durin) these circu#stances the -ri)htened child -eels that he has co##itted a cri#e. ?e is a-raid. but because his -ear is unacceptable. he #ust lock it up and beco#e incarcerated /ithin his prison o- -ear. -ro# /hich he cannot escape in lieu oparental disappro+al and the )uilt that this in+ol+es. 3ince it is +er" eas" to co##it this cri#e. #an" o- #" patients turn out to be hardened cri#inals. 1 recall a "oun) #an o- about thirt" "ears o- a)e /ho ca#e to #e -or help /ith a sta##er. &s -ar as Heor)e kne/. he had al/a"s sta##ered <uite badl". ?e clearl" kne/ /hat he /anted to sa". but he /ould )et stuck on certain /ords. utterin) the# onl" a-ter a lon) stru))le or de+isin) an alternati+e /ord. &t ti#es he spoke /ithout an" trace o- an i#pedi#ent. but at other ti#es his speech pattern /ould cause )reat disco#-ort to the listener. Heor)e particularl" stressed that he had )reat di--icult" talkin) in a )roup or addressin) an"one /ho# he -elt /as his superior. ?e pri#aril" sta##ered in ne/ situations and a#on) stran)ers. ?e had no di--icult" in readin) aloud /hen he /as b" hi#sel-. ?is handicap. /hich caused hi# a )reat deal o- e#barrass#ent. had de-ied all treat#ent b" speech therapists. 1n h"pnoanal"sis /e disco+ered the cause o- his sta##erin). &t the a)e o- -i+e he /as a/akened -ro# his sleep b" a terrible co##otion. ?is drunken -ather /as stor#in) at his #other. /ho /as cr"in) and screa#in) -or his -ather to lea+e her alone. When Heor)e hurried do/nstairs to in+esti)ate. he sa/ his -ather preparin) to strike his #other. Rushin) bet/een the# in an atte#pt to stop his -ather. he /as thro/n to the )roundJ subse<uentl" he picked hi#sel- up and hid behind the settee. &s the -i)ht )re/ in intensit". Heor)e /as terri-ied. There /as a sudden cli#a2 to the noise and co##otion. at /hich point his #otherDs +oice ceased. ?e /as sei6ed /ith an e+en )reater panic. ?ad his -ather killed herI ?e /anted to screa#. but he did not dare. When his -ather /ent out a -e/ #o#ents later. Heor)e e#er)ed -ro# his hidin) place to -ind his #other conscious but da6ed and bleedin) -ro# a head /ound. ?e tried to ad#inister co#-ort. but he /as so -ri)htened that he could not speak. ?e had sta##ered e+er since.

FG

Heor)eDs speech i#pedi#ent /as corrected onl" a-ter he escaped -ro# the prison o- repressed -ear. When he reco)ni6ed /hat had been obstructin) his natural e2pression o- -ear. the ph"sical de-ect -aded. , hurt @ur #ost -unda#ental e#otion in+ol+es an a/areness o- pain. The trau#a o- reBection. /hether i#a)ined or real. is the #ost se+ere. We seldo# con+e" this hurt in a co#prehensible #anner. and so its clu#s" e2pression is #et /ith a stern ad#onish#ent. The #essa)e beco#es clear. ?urtin) is /ron). Feelin) pain is a cri#e. 8n-ortunatel". the #ore /e tr" not to -eel hurt. the #ore our disco#-ort )ro/s. &t t/ent"=three "ears o- a)e 3arah /as an attracti+e /o#an /ho had stru))led throu)h an ad+enture=-illed and stor#" li-e. 3he ca#e to see #e because o- her addiction to certain dru)s. &lthou)h she had recei+ed so#e ps"chiatric treat#ent -or this and -or depression. three -airl" serious suicide atte#pts had dri+en her to seek -urther counsel. When 1 #et her. she /as di+orced. had t/o children and /as li+in) /ith a #an /ith a lon) cri#inal record. 3he hersel- had been a Bu+enile o--ender and /as se<uestered in detention ho#es -or len)th" periods. 1n a -lat and casual tone she in-or#ed #e that she did not care about an"one or an"thin). includin) hersel-. &s an a-terthou)ht she e2cluded her children -ro# this. 3he appeared to despise an" displa" o- e#otion and certainl" sho/ed none. Therap" /ith her /as lon) and di--icult. -or it e#braced #an" trau#atic episodes. The earliest o- these occurred /hen she /as about ei)hteen #onths o- a)e. &/akened suddenl" b" a sharp pain bet/een her le)s. she suddenl" reali6ed that her brother /as attackin) her se2uall". 3he screa#ed out in terror and pain. ?er brother -led. but she continued to screa#. & short ti#e later her -ather rushed into the roo#. 3ince she /as too upset to be coherent. he "elled at her -or /akin) hi# up. ?e slapped her cruell" and /arned that he /ould 7beat the da"li)hts out o- her; i- she /asnDt <uiet. 3he <uickl" beca#e +er" <uietC and she is still <uiet. F5

&lthou)h unconsciousl" she kne/ that her hurt continued. she /as unable to ad#it it. 1n her e"es the open a+o/al o- pain /as a serious cri#e. and she could not ad#it that to an"one. not e+en to hersel-. Much o- her subse<uent beha+iour /as understandable as a #eans adopted to relie+e this unconscious hurt. Dru)s ser+e as an e--ecti+e but te#porar" +ehicle -or doin) this. The cri#e o- hurtin) is +er" co##on = so co##onJ indeed. that 1 tend to look -or it /hene+er 1 hear a patient sa" that he 7does not care.; This phrase is a stron) clue that he is locked in a prison opain -or the cri#e o- hurtin). , love %o+in) is a nor#al hu#an -eelin). We lo+e those /ith /ho# /e -eel a close bond. people /ho help us to -eel )ood about oursel+es and /ith /ho# /e -eel at ease. 9ein) /ith the# )i+es us pleasure. Whene+er lo+e is #isunderstood. the insecure obser+er #a" re)ard it as a threat /orth" onl" o- his e2tre#e disappro+al. 1n such circu#stances lo+in) #a" be +ie/ed as /ron). a cri#e as serious as the disappro+al it en)enders. &n indi+idual /ho has been accused o- the cri#e o- lo+in) #a" be unable to den" it. but he can pre+ent it happenin) a)ain. Jenni-er /as a +er" beauti-ul t/ent"=three="ear=old )irl /ho ca#e to #e because o- her di--iculties /ith se2. 3he is #arried and has one child. but she rarel" e2perienced an" pleasure -ro# se2. 1n -act. she /as unable to achie+e an or)as# durin) intercourse /ith her husband. Jenni-er -elt that her li-e /as inco#plete. 3he ad#itted to ha+in) been so#e/hat pro#iscuous prior to her #arria)e and un-aith-ul durin) it. but her husband /as totall" una/are o- this. 4et she -elt +er" )uilt" about her lapses and tried to #ake a#ends b" bein) an e2tre#el" e--icient house/i-e. Much o- the ti#e she -elt depressed and restless. 3he /as irritable /ith her -our="ear=old son. a <uiet and ino--ensi+e child /ho. she kne/. could not be held responsible -or her -eelin)s o- -rustration. 3he /as also -re<uentl" ill te#pered /ith her lon)=su--erin) husband and picked <uarrels /ith hi# -or no )ood reason. FK

1n h"pnoanal"sis Jenni-er /as able to locate an i#portant e2perience /hich occurred /hen she /as about the a)e o- si2. ?er -ather. /ho# she lo+ed +er" #uch. /as sick in bed. 3he had Bust co#e ho#e -ro# school and decided to hurr" up to his bedroo# -or a +isit. ?er -ather /as sittin) up in bed /hen she entered the bedroo#. 3ince she lo+ed her dadd" so #uch. she took the opportunit" to cli#b into bed and snu))le up to hi#. Within a short period o- ti#e her #other ca#e ho#e and -ound the t/o in bed to)ether. &n)r" and distrau)ht. her #other screa#ed. 7Het the hell out o- there: DonDt "ou e+er let #e -ind "ou in there a)ain:; 3obbin). Jenni-er scooted out o- bed and -led the roo#. For a lon) ti#e a-ter that she could hear her parents screa#in) at each other. and she /as terri-ied at the co##otion that she had caused. 3he had co##itted a terrible cri#e. 3he lo+ed her dadd". but that had an)ered her #other and )ot her dadd" into trouble. 3he /as no/ certain that lo+in) dadd" /as /ron). e+en thou)h she could not help it. 3he /as a cri#inal and #ust hide her cri#e Cher lo+e. Jenni-er did not kno/ at that ti#e that her -ather /as a se2uall" troubled #an and that her #other /as onl" tr"in) to protect her. Jenni-erDs -ather had #ade ad+ances to her older sister. and her #other /as a-raid that he /ould atte#pt to #olest Jenni-er as /ell. Without an understandin) o- these sorr" circu#stances. she could onl" conclude that her lo+e /as a serious cri#e. 1t soon beca#e clear to Jenni-er that she had unconsciousl" locked up her lo+e. but a-ter -urther therap" she /as able to -ree herseland be)an to lo+e /ithout constraint or )uilt. , a+ happy 9ein) happ" is a special hu#an e2perience. ?o/e+er. it can so#eti#es create proble#s. ?appiness is -re<uentl" so rapidl" and re)ularl" -ollo/ed b" cala#it" that it /ould appear /iser to a+oid happ" e2periences. %i-e is at least sa-e as lon) as it re#ains dull and prosaic. 3o#e o- #" patients ha+e unconsciousl" co#e to the conclusion that happiness is a cri#e /hich the" #ust a+oid. Eera /as one oF!

these. 3he actuall" sou)ht h"pnotherap" to )et help in losin) /ei)ht. 3he /as thirt"=-i+e but. because o- an e2tra -i-t" pounds. looked #uch older. 3he had al/a"s attributed her tendenc" to/ard o+er/ei)ht to the -act that she could not re#ain on a diet lon) enou)h to reach her ideal /ei)ht. &s soon as she had shed a -e/ pounds. she /ould be)in to -eel an2ious and tenseJ onl" eatin) so#e o- the -orbidden -oods /ould relie+e her an2iet". 8pon -urther discussion /e -ound that throu)hout her li-e she had started proBects -ull o- enthusias#. onl" to )i+e the# up a-ter a /hile /hen thin)s see#ed to be )oin) /ell. 3he /as ne+er able to reach an" )oals that she had set hersel-. $ropa)atin) -eelin)s ouselessness and stupidit". she /as )enuinel" surprised at her relati+e success in ha+in) raised three health" and bri)ht children. ?o/e+er. she /orried about the# a )reat deal and /as easil" depressed i- an"thin) /as /ron) /ith an" o- the#. ?er se2 li-e /as unsatis-actor". but she /ould not co#plain about that since her husband #ade -e/ de#ands upon her se2uall". 3he su##ed up her li-e as tedious and uninterestin). 71- onl" 1 could lose so#e /ei)ht. perhaps thin)s /ould be di--erent.; she si)hed. 1 /as certain. ho/e+er. that her proble# /as #ore than -at deep. 1n h"pnoanal"sis she took #e /ith her to a sunn". pleasant da" /hen she /as t/o and a hal- "ears old. ?er #other had let her out to pla" in the back "ard. /here she /as ha+in) -un on the rockin) horse. /hen the ne2t=door nei)hbourDs lo+el" bi) do) poked his nose throu)h the bars o- the )ate. 3he hurried o+er to talk to hi# and stroke hi#. but a-ter a -e/ #o#ents o- this Ro+er decided to )o -or a /alk. 9ein) ad+enturous. Eera -or)ot that her #u##" had /arned her to sta" in the )arden. 3he #ana)ed to s<uee6e throu)h the bars o- the )ate and -ollo/ed Ro+er alon) a -ootpath. 3he recalled that it /as a hot da" and that she had di--icult" keepin) up /ith the do). When he e+entuall" reached the /ater and /ent in -or a s/i#. Eera -ound the /ater so appealin) that she -ollo/ed hi# in. Just then Eera heard her #otherDs panic=stricken +oice screa#in). 7Eera: Eera: (o#e here at once:; 3he turned to )reet her #other /ith a bi). happ" s#ile. but her #other /as clearl" +er" upset. 3he looked an)r" and -ri)htened. Mother e2clai#ed. 74ou are a +er". +er" bad )irl: 4ou #ust ne+er do that a)ain.; Eera /as not F'

sure /hat she #ust not do a)ain or /h" she /as badCor e+en /hat 7bad; #eant. Whate+er it /as. it upset #u##" a )reat deal. ?er #other threatened. 7Eera. i- "ou e+er do that a)ain. 1 /ill lock "ou up in the cupboard.; &t this Eera beca#e -ri)htened and sobbed +iolentl" because she recalled the terror o- -indin) hersel- accidentall" locked a#on) the silent han)in) clothes in pitch darkness. ,o. she decided ri)ht there. she /ould ne+er do that a)ain: 9ein) happ" /as a cri#e that she #ust ne+er repeat. 3he could not risk the terror o- that cupboard: Eera had sol+ed her proble# b" lockin) hersel- in an al#ost e<uall" terrible place /here happiness /as -orbidden. 3he /as e+entuall" able to -ree hersel- -ro# this prison o- )uilt and let hersel- be happ". &t the sa#e ti#e she -ound that she could lose /ei)ht and that such an acti+it" /as per#issible. , a+ curious &t -irst si)ht it /ould appear that the desire to kno/ is innocent enou)h and could ne+er be construed as a cri#e. ?o/ can it be /ron) to desire in-or#ation about thin)s that are happenin) in the /orld around usI (an this reall" be a cri#eI 4es. and /e are #ade a/are o- it in the sa#e /a" that /e identi-" other cri#esC b" the disappro+al o- those to /hose societ" /e are stri+in) to belon). na#el". our parents. 3e+eral proble#s led %aura to seek #" help. First o- all. she -elt hersel- <uite inhibited se2uall" and /as unable to rela2 durin) intercourse. 3he /as o+er/ei)ht and ate co#pulsi+el". @-ten +er" depressed. she ne+er -elt )ood about hersel-. 3he /as a/are that all o- these proble#s /ere puttin) an al#ost intolerable strain upon her #arria)e. 3he /as pla)ued b" persistent -eelin)s o/orthlessness /hich contradicted her intellectual assess#ent ohersel- as a co#petent and use-ul hu#an bein). 3uspectin) an unconscious reason -or her -eelin)s. she /anted #e to help her to -ind it. With %aura 1 had a -eelin) that 1 /as preachin) to the con+erted and that therap" /ould proceed /ithout di--icult"Cand so it pro+ed. %aura located a critical e2perience /hich occurred /hen she /as three "ears o- a)e. $la"in) in the bedroo# /ith her dolls. she F

heard Dadd" co#e ho#e. 3he lo+ed her dadd" +er" #uch and kne/ that in a little /hile she /ould )et her usual bi) hu) and a kiss. When he did not i##ediatel" co#e to her. she decided to )o and look -or hi#. ?e /as not in the hall. so /hen she heard sounds co#in) -ro# the bathroo#. she decided that he #ust be there. @penin) the bathroo# door /ith a ban). she called. 7Dadd". dadd":; 3uddenl" she stopped in her tracks. Dadd" /as there. standin) in -ront o- the toilet. holdin) a tube=like thin) in his hand . . . and /onders upon /onders. there /as /ater co#in) out o- it. #akin) a lo+el" noise. %aura had ne+er seen an"thin) so re#arkable be-ore. 3he )a6ed spellbound /ith such consu#in) interest that she did not hear Dadd" tellin) her to )et out. 1n -act. he /as "ellin). 7Het the hell out o- here: Mar". co#e and )et this blood" kid out o- here.; %aura /as so con-used that she Bust stood there until she /as hauled uncere#oniousl" throu)h the bathroo# door b" her #other. %aura be)an to screa# as her #other hit her repeatedl". and. it see#ed. incessantl". takin) no notice o- %auraDs cries. Wh" /as she hittin) her soI Would she ne+er stopI ?er #other screa#ed. 71- "ou e+er do that a)ain. 1 /ill kill "ou:; and /ith that she thre/ %aura onto the bed. &-ter/ards the pu66led little )irl tried to disco+er /hat cri#e had upset Mu##" and Dadd" so terribl". $erhaps she lo+ed Dadd" too #uch. Ma"be that /as /ron). More than likel". ho/e+er. she had -ound out /hat Dadd" did in the bathroo# and her #other did not /ant her to kno/. 3he #ust not be curious. -or that /as her cri#e. %aura ro/ understands /h" she had -elt so )uilt" about se2 and could not in+ol+e hersel- in it. 3he could not let hersel- kno/ about such thin)s. >+entuall" she /as able to )ain an absolute pardon -or bein) curious and beca#e -ree to enBo" a se2ual relationship. 1n discussin) the #ost co##on cri#es that hu#an bein)s co##it. 1 #a" ha+e )i+en the i#pression that the" arise sin)l". &ctuall". the parental disappro+al b" /hich these cri#es are reco)ni6ed #a" be su--icientl" stron) to cause a hapless child to co##it se+eral. /hether to)ether or se<uentiall". G0

@- the cri#es 1 ha+e #entioned. the #ost serious is that o- e2ist0 in). &n"one /ho is accused o- co##ittin) this cri#e is trapped because he continues to be a cri#inal e+er" da" o- his li-e. The +er" process o- li+in) beco#es a constant re#inder o- his )uilt. 1n the -ore)oin) cases 1 ha+e onl" re-erred to the cri#e /hich needed to be reco)ni6ed be-ore satis-actor" therap" could be)in. &t ti#es /e disco+ered other cri#es /hich had to be understood be-ore therap" /as satis-actoril" concluded. &ll o- these cri#es are reall" nor#al hu#an attributes and acti+i0 ties. but the indi+iduals accused o- the# are una/are o- this at the ti#e o- the accusation. The" are #ade to -eel abnor#al and are -orced to shoulder direct responsibilit" -or the distress caused to the parent.

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G2

Chapter Three The Court

&ll societies de+ise a s"ste# -or ad#inisterin) Bustice so that /hen an indi+idual is accused o- a cri#e. he can be tried and. i- -ound )uilt". appropriatel" sentenced to a desi)nated punish#ent. This usuall" takes place in a court o- la/ /here three essential partici0 pants can be identi-iedN the accused. the prosecutor and the Bud)e. The accused. or the de-endant. #a" en)a)e a kno/led)eable associate to help hi#. the de-ense la/"er. 1n addition. both the de-ense and the prosecution #a" solicit /itnesses to support their respecti+e cases. These are presented in a predeter#ined se<uence be-ore the Bud)e. /ho /ill decide /hether the accused is )uilt" and /hat the appropriate punish#ent should be.
The Court of the %ind

1n #ost ci+ili6ed societies this process #a" take considerable ti#e in preparation and presentation be-ore a +erdict is reached. We shall see. ho/e+er. that the court o- the #ind /orks #uch #ore <uickl" in processin) all the a+ailable in-or#ation and reachin) a +erdictC so#eti#es onl" a -e/ seconds. and rarel" #ore than a -e/ da"s. The #ind #i)ht be co#pared to a hi)hl" co#ple2 co#puter. able to recei+e e+idence -or or a)ainst an" particular course o- action in order to /ei)h one a)ainst the other. 1t then #akes a decision -a+orin) one or the other accordin) to the e+idence. When an indi+idual is accused o- an e#otional cri#e. his #ind #akes a decision in /hat 1 pre-er to call the court o- the #ind. 3uch a decision is bindin) and /ill deter#ine that indi+idualDs -uture.

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Transactional Analysis Theory 9e-ore /e can e2a#ine /hat happens durin) the trial o- the accused. /e need to reco)ni6e the #e#bers o- the court. We can identi-" the accused. but /ho is the prosecutorI Who ser+es as Bud)eI We ha+e alread" speci-ied the potential cri#es and the appropriate prisons should the accused be -ound )uilt". We need no/ to understand the nature and the -unction o- each participant in the court o- the #ind. 1n order to ans/er so#e o- the ine+itable <uestions. 1 ha+e turned to >ric 9erne and his theories oTransactional &nal"sis. /hich ha+e recei+ed /ide support -ro# ps"chotherapists in recent "ears. $erhaps the )reatest contribution that >ric 9erne #ade to the understandin) o- hu#an beha+ior /as his reco)nition that /e all -unction -ro# #ore than one e)o state. &n e)o state is a distinct set o- -eelin)s and beha+iour patterns. >ach o- us has at least three e)o states. three di--erent +ie/points. These e)o states. labelled (hild. $arent and &dult. are al/a"s )i+en capital letters to distin)uish the# -ro# our nor#al understandin) o- the ter#s. The Child This is the ori)inal and perhaps the central e)o state. the part ous that /e re-er to /hen /e speak o- the 7real #e.; 1t is the -eelin) part o- our bein). The (hild -eels all our nor#al e#otionsN hurt. an)er and -ear as /ell as their opposites. happiness. lo+e and securit". &s the co#ponent that pro+ides the dri+e and ener)" -or our creati+e acti+ities. it is probabl" the onl" e)o state obser+able at birth. althou)h 1 belie+e that the other e)o states are de+elopin) at this ti#e. The (hild stands be-ore the bar oBustice as the de-endant in our court o- the #ind because onl" the (hild e)o state e2periences -eelin)s. 1n -act. the (hild is bein) accused o- ha+in) -eelin)s. The Parent >arl" in li-e the $arent e)o state de+elops in response to contact /ith people in the outside /orld. chie- o- /ho are our parents. This e)o state is #odelled upon people in the i##ediate en+iron#ent. the #ost i#portant o- /ho# is usuall" #other. since she is so close to the (hild durin) the earl" learnin) period. GG

This internal $arent beco#es +er" si#ilar to the i#portant persons in the childDs /orld. 1t #erits its na#e since it is al#ost identical in thou)ht and beha+iour to the true parents. & +er" i#portant e)o state to the indi+idual. it pro+ides hi# /ith a read" re-erence to the likel" responses o- the true parent. This enables the (hild to kno/ in ad+ance /hat e--ect his beha+iour is likel" to produce in his parent. >ach indi+idual co##ences li-e /ith an instincti+e -eelin) sel-. The e2pression o- that sel-. the (hild e)o state. is +er" #uch #odi-ied b" its interaction /ith the $arent e)o state. The -unction o- the $arent is to )ather all the in-or#ation it can about the people in the i##ediate en+iron#ent o- the (hild so that the (hild can respond in a har#onious #anner to these people. The (hild #ust )et on /ell /ith these i#portant people since it depends upon the# -or its sur+i+al. The $arent e)o state there-ore strictl" #i#ics these people and adopts their attitudes and belie-s. 1t is +itall" i#portant -or the (hild to #aintain his parentsD appro+al and to a+oid their disappro+al. The internal $arent acts as an e2cellent #eans o- #onitorin) and #odi-"in) the (hildDs beha+ior to con-or# to the true parentsD ideas and belie-s so that it can )et alon) /ell /ith the#. The (hild is a/are o- his )reat dependence upon the true parents -or his +er" e2istence. and his )reatest -ear is that the" /ill abandon hi# to his o/n helplessness and isolation. This possibilit" holds terror -or the (hild. The i#portance o- the $arent e)o state can ne+er be underesti0 #ated. 9ecause o- its so#eti#es h"percritical attitudes. it #a" be Bud)ed a ne)ati+e and destructi+e ele#ent in the personalit". This is #ore apparent than real because the $arent e)o state pri#aril" intends to protect the (hild. althou)h the #anner in /hich it -ul-ills this -unction is -re<uentl" archaic and responsible -or #uch #ental ill health. The -ailure o- #an" therapists to appreciate this i#portant point has li#ited their understandin) o- the clinical proble#s presented to the#. &t -irst it is di--icult to accept the idea that each o- us has #ore than one aspect to our personalit". We can rather easil" accept the (hild e)o state since #ost o- us are a/are o- so#e o- our -eelin)s. and /e can there-ore appreciate our -eelin) sel-. the (hild. ?o/e+er. it #a" be di--icult to reco)ni6e the other e)o G5

states in oursel+es. and this is particularl" true /ith re)ard to the $arent. We can perhaps #ore readil" reco)ni6e these e)o states in others than in oursel+es. (hildren at pla". -or instance. are happ". sad. an)r" or scared. clearl" in the (hild e)o state. &t other ti#es. as the" #i#ic parental attitudes and beha+ior. the" are operatin) /ithin the $arent e)o state. Witness the little )irl pla"in) /ith her dolls. 3he /ill scold the# -or so#e i#a)ined trans)ression or praise the# -or so#e notable acco#plish#ent. Further obser+ation /ill re+eal that she lo+es her dolls and cuddles the#. ?er beha+ior re+eals her de+elopin) internal $arent. /hich has #odeled itsel- upon her o/n parents. 1n addition. she is adoptin) so#e o- her parentsD attitudes to/ards hersel- and is bein) critical. praisin). or lo+in) o- hersel-. (learl" her $arent is interactin) /ith her (hild. &s /e )ro/ up. these e)o states are likel" to beco#e #ore and #ore unconscious so that /e are no lon)er consciousl" a/are otheir -unctionin). Their +i)ilance /ill ne+er reall" cease. and /e /ill later discuss ho/ their interaction #a" lead to e#otional proble#s. The Adult We no/ co#e to the third i#portant e)o state that can readil" be reco)ni6ed in all o- us. $robabl" #aturin) a little later than the $arent. it de+elops -ro# that part o- the #ind concerned /ith collectin) in-or#ation about the /orld around us and -ilin) it a/a" in the #e#or" banks -or -uture re-erence. >+er" #inute o- the da" /e are usin) our -i+e senses and collectin) in-or#ation. /hich proli-erates e+er" da". This data. accu#ulated /ithout preBudice. is independent o- other peopleDs opinions and belie-s. #uch like the other kno/led)e that co#es the indi+idualDs /a". This is in direct contrast to the $arent e)o state. /hich is totall" concerned /ith learnin) e2actl" ho/ others think and -eel. then recordin) this in-or#ation. With a#ple data at its disposal. the &dult e)o state is si#ilar to a hi)hl" co#ple2 co#puter /hich can and does arri+e at ne/ conclusions /hene+er it is presented /ith a -resh proble#. These conclusions are based upon the i##ense a#ount o- in-or#ation GK

/hich has been a#assed o+er the "ears. &n understandin) o- the &dult role is particularl" i#portant -or the anal"tical h"pnotherapist. /ho #ust rel" upon this e)o state to resol+e the proble#s /hich the $arent and (hild ha+e created. 1deall". all three e)o states should be actin) to)ether in har#on" -or the )reatest /ell=bein) o- the indi+idual. 1t is the pri#e obBecti+e o- anal"tical h"pnotherap" that this ideal state ulti#atel" is reached b" the patient en)a)in) in therap". These three e)o states are present in all o- us. The" can best be understood as three separate points o- +ie/ /hich step -or/ard /hene+er a situation re<uires a de-inite course o- action. The (hild e)o state /ithin us /ill ha+e a de-inite -eelin) about the situation. o-ten e2pressed as a like or a dislike. This e)o state /ill o-ten e2press its -eelin)s /ith such e#oti+e /ords as 71 like; or 71 /ant.; or the opposite. 71 donDt like; or 71 donDt /ant.; The $arent e)o state. as /e ha+e said. is +er" concerned /ith /hat others e2pect and /ant. and it utili6es /ords that indicate this concern. When /e -ind oursel+es sa"in) such thin)s as 71 ou)ht; or 71 should; or. alternati+el". 71 ou)ht not; or 71 should not.; /e are usin) phrases that e2press our concern -or other peopleDs e2pectations o- us. We are usin) our $arent e)o state. This e)o state also co#es into pla" /hen. like the little )irl /ith the dolls. /e counsel. ad+ise or critici6e others in a parental #anner. or /hene+er /e take responsibilit" -or others. When operatin) -ro# our &dult +ie/point. /e are either )i+in) in-or#ation in a purel" -actual #anner or presentin) conclusions that /e ha+e reached -ro# in-or#ation in our possession. We sa" thin)s like 71 can; or 71 /ill; or 7it is;J /e #a" o--er the opposite state#ints o- -act or intention. e.).. 71 cannot.; 71 /ill not; or 7it is not.; Fro# the -ore)oin) 1 trust that "ou no/ accept the pre#ise that "ou are not Bust one person /ith a sin)le point o- +ie/. 4ou carr" /ithin "ou #ore than one point o- +ie/ about an" )i+en situation. and these +ie/points can declare /ar upon one another. (onsider ho/ <uickl" a (hildDs 71 /ant; #a" clash +iolentl" /ith the $arentDs 71 should not.; 1ncidentall". this is the basis o- #uch $arentA(hild con-lict. o- /hich /e shall ha+e #ore to sa".

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,o/ that /e ha+e been introduced to the three e)o states. /hich all o- us possess. it is possible to consider the role that each pla"s in the continuin) dra#a o- the court o- the #ind. The Accused The accused is al/a"s the (hild. the central part o- the personalit" that is bein) prosecuted -or a -eelin) or so#e other attribute that has caused o--ense. For e2a#ple. the (hild #a" ha+e been accused o- e2istin). o- bein) a )irl or a bo". or e+en o- ha+in) certain unacceptable hu#an -eelin)s such as -ear. an)er or hurt. The Prosecutor The prosecutor is usuall" a parent. #ore probabl" #other than -ather. Mother is the #ore likel" to be a--ected b" an" o- the accusedDs (the (hildDs) attributes since she is in close dail" contact /ith hi#. 3iblin)s. )randparents and teachers can also -unction as prosecutors. The accuser is al/a"s so#eone /ithin the (hildDs i##ediate en+iron#ent /ho has been distressed b" /ho he is or so#ethin) he has done because o- /ho he is. The #anner in /hich the prosecutor co##unicates his distress #a" +ar" considerabl". but /hate+er #ethod is used. there is no doubt le-t in the (hildDs #ind that he is considered entirel" responsible -or the distress caused to the prosecutor. The ?udge The unen+iable task o- Jud)e -alls to the $arent. Wh"I 9ecause the $arent -unctions to pre+ent the (hild -ro# alienatin) hi#sel-ro# the true parent. This #ust be a+oided at all costs. The $arent #ust there-ore Bud)e /hether the accusation is indeed correct and /hether the prosecutor is su--icientl" distressed to consider /ithdra/al o- his support and carin). The $arent #ust also deter#ine /hether a punish#ent should be i#posed /hich /ill pre+ent the recurrence o- the o--ence. The Jud)e #a" be called upon to #ake a +er" rapid decision or to postpone Bud)#ent until one or #ore si#ilar accusations ha+e been #ade and it beco#es clear that alienation o- the parent is likel". G'

The #efence 3ince there are t/o sides to e+er" <uestion. in the court o- the #ind the case -or the de-ence is al/a"s -ull" considered. The (hild speaks up in his o/n de-ence. and his testi#on" is si#pleN he /as onl" doin) /hat see#ed ri)ht to hi#. ?e /as Bust bein) hi#sel-. This see#s to hi# a totall" ade<uate de-ence. 1pressed. he #i)ht also plead that he did not kno/ that bein) hi#sel- /as a cri#e or that it /ould distress an"one. 8n-ortunatel". i)norance o- the la/ is not an ade<uate de-ence in an" le)al s"ste#. The -act that the (hild did not kno/ that bein) hi#sel- could be considered a cri#e a+ails hi# nothin). ?is /eak de-ence is lau)hed out o- court. The onlookers in the )aller"C -riends. relati+es. and peersCbeco#e h"sterical. ?o/ could an" (hild think that bein) itsel- could ser+e as a de-enceI That is unthinkable: &ll is not lost. ho/e+er. What about the &dultI What can he o--er in de-enceI 8n-ortunatel". the accusations are usuall" #ade be-ore the &dult has )athered enou)h in-or#ation about the /orld to be o- #uch help. ?e. too. is acutel" a/are o- the (hildDs dependence upon the parent and #a" con-ir# that the (hild still lacks the ph"sical and e#otional stren)th to sur+i+e the ha6ards o- the /orld /ithout the help o- the parent. ?e #a" rein-orce the (hild b" assurin) hi# that he is not abnor#al and that others /ith the sa#e attributes are not considered cri#inals -or possessin) the#. 9ut this support is usuall" <uite #ini#al. The @erdict When the court retires to consider its +erdict. it #a" spend a considerable ti#e in reachin) it or decide in the -raction o- a second. & proportion o- these +erdicts are 7not )uilt"; +erdicts. We do not need to consider these since no proble# /ill arise. Eerdicts o7)uilt".; ho/e+er. /ill )reatl" concern us in this book. When the Bud)eCthe $arentChas -ound the (hild 7)uilt".; he #ust pass a sentence /hich /ill ensure that the cri#e /ill not G

recur. Whate+er decision the $arent no/ #akes #ust be acted upon b" the $arent e)o state. 1n the court o- the #ind. the punish#ent is al/a"s -ashioned to -it the cri#e. and #an" "ears later. as /e anal"6e the punish#ent /hich the (hild is under)oin). /e #a" ha6ard a )uess at the cri#e that he /as accused o- co##ittin). 3o#eti#es the sentence is not i##ediatel" ad#inistered but is held o+er the accusedDs head as a threat. We shall consider this in #ore detail /hen /e look #ore closel" at the -reedo#s a+ailable to the accused. The E+otions &ll creatures are responsi+e in so#e /a" to har#-ul sti#uli. ?u#an bein)s are no e2ception. $ossessin) the abilit" to be a/are o- inBurious a)ents. /e translate this a/areness into hurt. Whene+er /e -eel hurt. so#ethin) is causin) or threatenin) da#a)e to us. @ur a/areness o- hurt is so sensiti+e that it enables us to discern the dan)er e+en be-ore it happens. That detection odan)er can produce the response o- -ear. /hich is the -eelin) /e )et /hen the bod" is preparin) itsel- to e+ade a destructi+e -orce. 3o#eti#es it is not possible -or the indi+idual to escape the dan)er. so the bod" has de+eloped a -urther protecti+e #echanis#C an)er. This state o- bod" and #ind occurs /hen dan)er #ust be -aced and repulsed. &ll the a))ressi+e -i)htin) instincts are #obili6ed at this point. The obBecti+e o- the an)er is to either -ri)hten the dan)er a/a" or destro" it. Thus three principal e#otions protect us -ro# dan)er and enable us to sur+i+e. (1) ?urt is the a/areness o- pain and the presence o- dan)er. 1t has its hu#an counterpart in sadnessCthe continued a/areness o- hurt. (2) Fear. deri+in) its stren)th -ro# the #e#or" o- pain. pro#pts the indi+idual to a+oid -urther pain b" -leein) its source as <uickl" as possible. (F) &n)er protects the indi+idual -ro# dan)er either b" scarin) it a/a" or annihilatin) it. These three e#otionsChurt. -ear and an)erCare o-ten rapidl" interchan)eable. 1t /ould see#. ho/e+er. that hurt al/a"s precedes the other t/o e#otions. /hich are sti#ulated in direct proportion to the hurt that antedates the#. Thus intense an)er is 50

preceded b" intense hurt. or intense -ear is al/a"s preceded b" intense hurt. These e#otions #a" be deepl" unconscious. /e #ust re#e#ber. and ne+er present in conscious a/areness. The" are there at birth and presu#abl" are present be-ore birth. 3o#e o- the cases that 1 ha+e dealt /ith )i+e stron) support to such a notion. &ll o- these e#otions belon) to the (hild e)o state. and /e ha+e alread" seen ho/ his e2pression o- nor#al hu#an e#otion can be considered cri#inal. The ne/born bab" is able to e2press its pain b" cr"in). This usuall" results in the earl" arri+al o- help -ro# his #other. /ho is able to locate the source o- disco#-ort and deal /ith it. For the ne/born the e2pression o- pain is a cr" -or help. 3adness and the e2pression o- hurt b" an adult is e<uall" a cr" -or help. &s the child )ro/s older. at ti#es help is not i##ediatel" -orth0 co#in). and thus the pain or the threat o- pain re#ains. &t that #o#ent the reaction o- -ear /ill occur. o-ten b" a #ore shrill and piercin) outburst. 1- he is old enou)h. he /ill run to #other. /ho -or hi# represents securit". When he reaches #other. he /ill -eel sa-e and secure. 3he /ill take care o- /hate+er is -ri)htenin) hi#. re#o+in) the source o- an" pain or hurt. $ersistent -ear in the child or the adult is due to this e--ort to -ind securit". The response o- -ear #a" not be ade<uate to obtain the securit" that the indi+idual seeks. 1t #a" then be necessar" -or hi# to deal /ith the dan)er hi#sel-. trans#utin) his -ear into an)er. This #a" happen +er" <uickl" indeed. and #an" an)r" people are ne+er a/are o- the -ear that has preceded their an)er. The" are certainl" not a/are o- the hurt that preceded the -ear. 1- the indi+idual is success-ul in dealin) /ith the dan)er b" the use o- an)er. he /ill once a)ain -eel secure. 1t no/ beco#es e+ident that the e#otions are the de+ices b" /hich the indi+idual endea+ours to obtain the securit" essential -or his continued sur+i+al. The basic e#otion. that o- hurt. has as itDs opposite the -eelin) opleasure and co#-ort. The indi+idual e2periences this -eelin) /hen he no lon)er senses an" disco#-ort and e+er"thin) see#s to be at peace. For the "oun) child or in-ant. #other is associated /ith these -eelin)s. 51

The second e#otion. that o- -ear. also seeks to achie+e securit" and sa-et". and once a)ain the in-ant or child associates these /ith the #other. Feelin)s o- securit" are the antithesis o- -ear. The third e#otion. an)er. has as its antithesis lo+e. While dealin) /ith dan)er b" the use o- an)er. the indi+idual. /hether child or adult. is unable to -eel lo+e. @nce he has resol+ed the dan)er. he can once a)ain e2perience securit" and thus re)ain the e#otion olo+e. Re#e#ber. proble#s occasioned b" -ear and hurt #ust be resol+ed be-ore lo+e can be established. We ha+e considered three pri#ar" e#otions as necessar" -or the proper detection o- and de-ence a)ainst dan)er. The <uestion no/ arises. /hat happens /hen the dan)er. the source o- hurt. is #other hersel-. /ho nor#all" )uarantees securit" and reposeI The ans/er to this <uestion pro+ides the ke" to the basic con-lict central to all e#otional disorders. When #other is the source o- hurt. the (hild cannot e2press that hurt to her. -or she /ill onl" increase it. ?e cannot run -ro# her and utili6e his e#otion o- -ear to escape since he no lon)er has a re-u)e. ?e cannot use an)er to inti#idate or destro" her because he needs her -or his sur+i+al. There is onl" one course o- action open to hi#N he #ust block those e#otions. ?e si#pl" #ust not -eel the#. The $arent e)o state ser+es to repress -eelin)s /hose e2pression /ill in+ol+e the risk o- parental abandon#ent. We ha+e seen ho/ the displa" o- e#otion can be re)arded as a cri#e. We can no/ understand ho/ the repression o- e#otion that #eets /ith parental disappro+al is the onl" possible recourse. The $arent e)o state not onl" punishes the (hild e)o state -or the cri#e odistressin) his real parent but also protects hi# b" pre+entin) hi# -ro# bein) e2posed to -urther disappro+al. We shall see in the ne2t chapter ho/ the $arent in its role o- Bud)e i#poses appropriate punish#ent and in its subse<uent role oBailor ensures that the punish#ent is #eted out.

52

Chapter *our The Sentence

7The +erdictN H81%T4 &3 (?&RH>D.; The ti#e has arri+ed /hich the accused has been dreadin). ?e has been -ound )uilt" o- the cri#e -or /hich he had been char)ed and no/ /aits -or the Bud)e to hand do/n the sentence o- the court. Durin) the trial the prosecutor has painted the accused and his cri#e in the /orst possible colors and has de#anded that he recei+e the #a2i#u# punish#ent prescribable b" la/. The Bud)e. o- course. has the ri)ht to consider an" #iti)atin) circu#stances. and it is the prero)ati+e o- the de-ense to dra/ his attention to these. The sentence is intended to teach the cri#inal throu)h punish0 #ent that his cri#e /ill not be countenanced b" his peers. The cri#inal /ill be isolated -ro# societ" so that he can no lon)er beco#e a threat to it. ?e is set up as an e2a#ple to others so that the" #i)ht learn that cri#e cannot be tolerated b" societ". & Bud)e #ust consider all the e+idence be-ore arri+in) at the appropriate sentence. ?e /ill also ha+e to take into account the accusedDs pre+ious cri#inal record. 1n the court o- the #ind. the $arent. in the role o- Bud)e. has been appointed to protect a representati+e societ" consistin) onl" o- the accused and the prosecutor. ?is pri#e obBecti+e is to protect these participants -ro# each other. 1n #ost cases the sentence that he i#poses /ill be based +er" closel" upon the de#ands #ade b" the prosecution. The punish#ent is usuall" #ade to -it the cri#e. 1- an e2pression o- -eelin) has been -ound unacceptable. the $arent #a" /ell decree that the accused be sentenced to /ithhold an" e2pression o- that -orbidden -eelin).

5F

The $arent #ust en-orce /hate+er sentence is handed do/n b" the court o- the #ind. ?is role then s/itches to that o- Bailor. Throu)hout the prison sentence the relationship o- $arent and (hild /ill be #arkedl" a--ected b" this BailorAprisoner relationship. /hich -or#s the basis o- the continuin) $arentA(hild con-lict. 1t is the cause o- #uch e#otional ill health. (ou +ust not e<ist &s /e noted earlier. the /orst cri#e that the (hild can be accused o- is that o- e2istin). 1t is the $arentDs dut" to en-orce this sentence. 1ronicall". an e)o state /hich ser+es to protect the (hild -ro# the real parent #ust beco#e the instru#ent o- the real parent in subduin) the (hild. 9ut the actions o- the $arent e)o state appear necessar". Without its inter+ention the )reater disaster o- abandon#ent b" the real parent is seen as a stron) possibilit". The sentence 74ou #ust not e2ist; is #ore co##on than an"one pre+iousl" reali6ed. &nal"tical h"pnotherap". /ith its uni<ue abilit" to locate attitudes and -eelin)s present at a +er" earl" a)e (e.).. at birth or e+en in the prenatal period). has enabled h"pnotherapists to disco+er the presence and the e--ect o- this sentence in #an" cases. 1n carr"in) out the sentence. the $arent e)o state usuall" is -orced to #ake a co#pro#ise /hich is acceptable to the prosecution. When the sentence is i#posedCusuall" at birth or shortl" therea-ter Cthe $arent e)o state is unable to carr" such a sentence to its lo)ical conclusion. 1t can. ho/e+er. #ake li-e unenBo"able and cause the (hild to seek insi)ni-icance so that. -or all practical purposes. he does not e2ist. 8n-ortunatel". on #an" occasions the co#pro#ise appears insu--icient and the -ull sentence. 74ou #ust not e2ist.; is literall" carried out. We shall consider this situation in #ore detail later on. Martin /as in his late thirties /hen he ca#e to see #e about his drinkin). ?e did not kno/ /hat dro+e hi# into alcoholis#. but he /as certain that it had so#ethin) to do /ith tension because he o-ten -elt /ound up be-ore one o- his drinkin) bouts. Martin had )reat di--icult" in relatin) to people. ?e /as sh" and lacked sel-=con-idence. deliberatel" a+oidin) situations in /hich he 5G

#i)ht be thro/n into contact /ith ne/ people because he -elt a/k/ard and ton)ue=tied. ?is con+ersation in such instances /as +irtuall" #onos"llabic. ?e /as al/a"s relie+ed /hen such interchan)es ca#e to an end. allo/in) hi# to retire to so#e <uiet corner and re#ain unobser+ed. ?e had a clerical Bob in /hich he -elt <uite sa-e since it de#anded little contact /ith the public. ?e took the position a-ter lea+in) hi)h school. kno/in) that such an occupation a--orded little chance o- pro#otion but acceptin) this as his lot /ithout co#plaint. ?e /as a )ood /orker. so his Bob /as secure. Martin /as totall" non=asserti+e. ne+er doin) an"thin) to upset an"one. ?e had -e/ -riends. and no one reall" close to hi#. ?e called hi#sel- a loner. and 1 ha+e ne+er #et an"one /ho better -itted that description. Martin e2plained that he had been put up -or adoption shortl" a-ter birth. a -act he had not kno/n until he reached his teens. The in-or#ation had not bothered hi# undul". -or it had not co#e as a surprise. ?e hastened to assure #e that this did not preclude an" proble#s arisin) bet/een hi# and his adoptin) parents. ?e lo+ed the# dearl". and he /as certain that the" lo+ed hi#. but the" /ere )reatl" distressed b" a drinkin) proble# /hich he -elt po/erless to ter#inate. ?a+in) heard that h"pnosis /as use-ul -or helpin) people to rela2. Martin -elt that rela2in) #i)ht help hi# to control his drinkin). 1n h"pnoanal"sis /e earl" disco+ered that his #other did not /ant hi# e+en be-ore he /as born. ?e sensed a stron) -eelin) oreBection -ro# her. ?e later recalled his birth e2perience and /as a/are that. shortl" a-ter birth. his #other /as unconscious. ?e -elt totall" reBected. certain that he /as )uilt" o- the /orst cri#e in the bookChe e2isted. When his $arent e)o state Bud)ed hi# )uilt". he /as sentenced to not e2istin). MartinDs -ailure to assert hi#sel- in e+er" sphere o- li-e /as totall" consistent /ith the punish#ent he /as sentenced to -or darin) to li+e. ?is alcoholis# /as the result o- an atte#pt b" his (hild e)o state to nu#b the i##ense pain o- une2pressed hurt caused b" his sensation o- reBection. ?is $arent e)o state accepted the s"#bolic death o- drunkenness as a #eans o- atone#ent -or darin) to li+e. 55

Therap" /as lon) and arduous. but e+entuall" his $arent e)o state /as persuaded to relin<uish its dut" as Bailor and accept a #ore protecti+e and supporti+e role. Martin /as then able to li+e a -uller li-e. 9est o- all. he could lea+e his da"s o- inebriation behind hi#. The sentence 74ou #ust not e2ist; can be i#posed at an" ti#e durin) li-e. 1 /ell re#e#ber another alcoholic /ho had sur+i+ed a plane crash in /hich his best -riend /as killed. 8nconsciousl". the alcoholic accepted responsibilit" -or his -riendDs death. but onl" a-ter #an" "ears o- producti+e li+in) did his $arent e)o state decide that the ti#e had co#e -or hi# to be put to death slo/l" +ia alcohol. 1 also recall %orne. /ho ca#e to #e at the a)e o- nineteen. ?e /anted help /ith h"pnosis to beco#e #ore e--ecti+e in his career as a #usician. -or his per-or#ances /ere deterioratin) #arkedl". 3ince lea+in) school. he had beco#e concerned /ith the de-iciencies in his education and /as stri+in) to increase his kno/led)e. %orneDs )reatest proble#. ho/e+er. /as an inabilit" to concentrate. ?e ad#itted that he /as not stron)l" sel-=asserti+e. but he attributed this to an in-eriorit" co#ple2 /hich #ade hi# -eel that he /as not as )ood as an" o- his peers. This sense o- in-eriorit" kept hi# -ro# establishin) relationships /ith /o#en. ?is li-e /as a lonel" one. %orne recalled that he had been #iserable at school. /hich he )ladl" le-t a-ter co#pletin) )rade ten. 9ut no/ he o-ten -elt depressed and /as positi+e that he /as no )oodCand that he /ould ne+er be an" )ood. %i-e did not see# to be /orth li+in). 1n h"pnoanal"sis %orne re)ressed to a -ri)htenin) e2perience at the a)e o- -our "ears /hen he al#ost dro/ned. ?e reli+ed this episode /ith a )reat deal o- distress. /hich he had ne+er pre+iousl" e2pressed. e+en recallin) the -ear on his )rand-atherDs -ace as he pulled %orne -ro# the /ater. %orne had decided that an"one /ho could cause such distress did not deser+e to li+e. Fro# that #o#ent he shut hi#sel- a/a" -ro# the li-e /hich his $arent had decided he did not #erit. ?e /as e+entuall" able to re+erse this decision and at last achie+e the obBecti+es that he sou)ht. 5K

(ou +ust never feel angry &n)er is a /a" in /hich /e de-end oursel+es a)ainst hurt. and the ener)" o- that an)er is directl" proportional to the hurt or -ear /hich en)endered it. &n)er is a natural de-ense /hich is instincti+el" present in the (hild. >ach o- us tea#s in his o/n /a" ho/ to use an)er #ost e--ecti+el". 1n the learnin) process the (hild #a" e2press his an)er clu#sil" and in doin) so #a" inad+ertentl" threaten and -ri)hten those upon /ho# he depends -or sustenance and securit". 1- their response to the (hildDs an)er is e2tre#e. he is liable to beco#e con+icted o- the cri#e o- bein) an)r". 9ecause he has sho/n hi#sel- unable to #ana)e his an)er. the (hild is sentenced b" the $arent to shun an)er. This can be translated as 74ou #ust ne+er -eel an)r".; The repression o- a nor#al de-ense b" the $arent is a co##on cause o- #an" e#otional illnesses and o- a hi)h proportion ops"choso#atic ail#ents. 1 ha+e alread" )i+en so#e e2a#ples othis #echanis#. but let #e add one #ore. Jane /as a -ort"="ear=old /o#an /ho /as pla)ued b" se+ere headaches. &-ter thorou)hl" subBectin) the proble# to intense in+esti)ation. her ph"sician concluded that no or)anic cause e2isted. When she -irst consulted #e. Jane /as e2periencin) a se+ere attack al#ost e+er" /eek. 3he -re<uentl" had to retire to bed and /as unable to Boin in -a#il" -unctions or social outin)s. 9et/een attacks Jane -elt health" but lethar)ic and subBect to depression. 3he said that she /ould not #ind the depression so lon) as she did not su--er terrible headaches. We discussed her attitudes to/ard hersel- and li-e in )eneral. 3he did not consider hersel- a +er" )ood person. althou)h she tried +er" hard to be one. 3he al/a"s did /hat she -elt people e2pected o- her. 1- her sister called her to co#e and bab"=sit. -or instance. she co#plied /ithout co#plaint. 1- her #other /anted to +isit. she /as /elco#e at an" ti#e because Jane /ould al/a"s stop /hate+er she /as doin) or plannin) in order to acco##odate her. 3he kne/ that her children #ade too #an" de#ands upon her. but she -elt that she #ust al/a"s do her best to be a )ood #other. 3he also /orked hard to please her husband and belie+ed 5!

that i- it /ere not -or her headaches. she /ould ha+e been as )ood a /i-e as she /anted to be. 1n h"pnoanal"sis /e disco+ered an i#portant e2perience /hich had deter#ined her attitudes. &t the a)e o- -i+e Jane had <uarreled /ith her "oun)er sister. /ho had deliberatel" pulled an ar# o-- JaneDs -a+orite doll. e+en thou)h she had been told not to pla" /ith it. Jane struck her sister -orce-ull". ,aturall". her sister screa#ed loudl". and be-ore lon) #other ca#e runnin) to disco+er the cause o- the co##otion. Jane told #other the truth. but instead o- /innin) praise -or ha+in) disciplined her sister. Jane beca#e the obBect o- her #otherDs /rath. Mother struck Jane sharpl" and sent her to her roo#. orderin) her ne+er to hit her sister a)ain. Jane had ne+er been able to e2press her an)er since that incident. and until she sou)ht help -or her headaches. she /as totall" una/are that that e+ent had precipitated the proble#. 3he /as then able to recall #an" instances /hen she had -elt un-airl" treated but had repressed her e#otions. 3he had been conde#ned to the prison o- an)er. unable to -eel or be an)r". 9ut she could entertain headaches: Mi)raine is a silent screa#in) in the head. @nce Jane -ound that she could allo/ hersel- to screa# out loud. she no lon)er needed to screa# silentl" and her headaches disappeared. 1- e+er a hint o- a #i)raine arises. she i##ediatel" )ets in touch /ith the an)er she is holdin) back and -inds #eans o- e2pressin) it appropriatel". /hereupon her headache in+ariabl" disappears. (ou are not lova8le4you are )A#5 The pain o- reBection is acute and intense. The )reater the need -or acceptance. the )reater is the hurt o- reBection. Thus the repudiation o- the (hild b" his #other creates in hi# the )ra+est hurt. and it is not assua)ed b" the natural conclusion that the (hild is reBected b" his #other si#pl" because he is unlo+able.

5'

74ou are not lo+able; is the sentence deli+ered b" the $arent to the (hild /ho has co##itted the cri#e o- askin) to be lo+ed b" a #other /ho is unable to lo+e hi#. The sentence #ust be ser+ed in the prison o- pain and sadness. /ith the added restriction o- 74ou #ust not -eel sad; and the burden o- the accusation 74@8 &R> 9&D:; 3usan /as thirt"=three "ears o- a)e /hen she ca#e to #e -or help in controllin) her eatin) habits. Fre<uentl" depressed and e2hausted. she could not locate the source o- her depression. but she ad#itted to bein) constantl" tense. 3he -ound it +er" di--icult to enBo" li-e and -elt in-erior to her -riends and ac<uaintances. 3he /as al/a"s irritable /ith her -a#il" and e2pressed re#orse -or this. When 3usan ca#e -or treat#ent. she /as certain that stron)er dietin) /ill po/er /ould sol+e #ost o- her proble#s. 1n h"pnoanal"sis she unco+ered se+eral e2periences in /hich she had #ade atte#pts to persuade her #other to e2press lo+e -or her. >ach ti#e she #et /ith a rebu--. &t three "ears o- a)e. -or instance. "oun) 3usan rushed in -ro# the )arden /ith the lo+el" -lo/ers that she had picked -or her #u##". 1nstead o- bein) #et /ith lo+in) appreciation. she /as thrust a/a" /ith 74ou nau)ht" )irl. 3usan.; This /as her -irst e2perience /ith reBection. When she /as about si2 "ears old. she had co#pleted a lo+el" paintin) especiall" -or her #u##". When she entered the house. all e2cited about presentin) the paintin). her #other took one look at it and snapped. 7$ut that #ess in the )arba)e.; 3he could ne+er persuade #other to lo+e her. When her #other died durin) 3usanDs t/entieth "ear. the )irl /as still tr"in) to )ain her lo+e. 3usan could not accept this de-eat because she belie+ed that until her #other pro-essed lo+e. she /as unlo+able. This /as the -ri)ht-ul sentence that she had to ser+e. and /as onl" ter#inated a-ter a )reat deal o- therap". (ou +ust not succeed &t a conscious le+el e+er"one /ishes to be success-ul. 3uccess. the s"#bol o- public reco)nition and acceptance. is one o- li-eDs #ost pleasant e2periences. 5

3o#eti#es. ho/e+er. acceptance in one area /ill result in reBec0 tion in another. 8nder such circu#stances acceptance and success can be considered a cri#e. punished b" the sentence 74ou #ust not succeed.; This Bud)#ent #a" be i#posed upon an" cri#inal locked /ithin the prison o- )uilt. When the (hild is sa-el" i#prisoned. he #a" be allo/ed to beco#e enthusiastic about an" nu#ber o- proBects. but should he approach an" de)ree osuccess. the $arent /ill bar hi# -ro# it so that he -ails. Ja#es labored under this sentence. ?e had done /ell at school in his earl" "ears but <uit at the a)e o- si2teen /ithout an" docu#entar" e+idence o- his abilit". ?e /orked at se+eral Bobs -or a /hile. and then decided to start his uni+ersit" career as a #ature student. &-ter an initial burst o- enthusias#. his studies rapidl" -ell apart. and he le-t the uni+ersit" be-ore co#pletin) the -irst "ear. 3ince then. Ja#es had /orked in se+eral di--erent Bobs. but the sa#e pattern continued to repeat itsel-. ?e /ould al/a"s beco#e +er" e2cited about a ne/ Bob and /ould do e2tre#el" /ell -or a -e/ /eeks. ?is ne/ e#plo"er /ould be +er" pleased /ith the "oun) #an /ho /orked so dili)entl" and /as so -ull o- ne/ ideas. 9ut at the end o- se+eral /eeks or at the +er" #ost a -e/ #onths. /hen his boss #i)ht be considerin) per#anent e#plo"#ent. Ja#es /ould lose his enthusias#. actin) in /a"s that /ould usuall" ensure his dis#issalC arri+in) late -or i#portant assi)n#ents. -or)ettin) appoint#ents. startin) to drink hea+il". >+entuall" he /ould be sackedCor he /ould <uit /hen he -elt that he had )i+en his boss a hard enou)h ti#e. Durin) this period his ori)inal enthusias# /ould be replaced b" depression and irritabilit". @nce he le-t a Bob. his spirits /ould )raduall" li-t. and althou)h he /ould al/a"s -eel )uilt" about ha+in) loused up another chance. his depression /ould -ade. 9ecause Ja#es /as such an intelli)ent "oun) #an /ith #an" e2cellent ideas and. o- course. plent" o- e2perience. he /as usuall" able to secure a ne/ Bob and start the sa#e c"cle once a)ain. When he had under)one ps"chotherap" durin) a pre+ious bout odepression. the astute ps"chiatrist had pinpointed the a)e o- -our "ears as a ti#e /hen so#ethin) had happened to Ja#es to cause his proble#s. 8n-ortunatel". the ps"chiatrist had not been able to K0

#o+e -urther. 1n h"pnoanal"sis /e /ere able to locate the e2perience and brin) it to consciousness. &t -our "ears o- a)e Ja#es had been surprised b" his -ather in a se2ual act /ith an older bo". ?e had been punished se+erel" b" his -ather but had repressed the /hole e2perience -ro# his #e#or". The intense )uilt. ho/e+er. re#ained /ith hi#. ?e had been e2iled to the prison o- )uilt /ith the sentence 74ou shall not succeed.; Ja#es could not achie+e success until he /as -reed -ro# the prison. Till then his $arent /ould not let hi# -ull" e2ercise his abilities. ?e /as not )ood enou)h. (ou +ust not 8e afraid Fear is a nor#al hu#an response to real or i#a)ined dan)er. 8n-ortunatel". #an" parents do not understand -ear and are disturbed b" it /hen the" percei+e it in their children. 1n addition. societ" -re<uentl" interprets nor#al -ear as co/ardice. For these reasons -ear #a" be +ie/ed as a cri#e. and the $arent is )i+en the task o- ensurin) that it is not repeated b" passin) the sentence 74ou #ust not be a-raid.; &n e#otion that is blocked b" the $arent in this /a" is o-ten e2pressed in so#e #ore acceptable /a". @+ereatin). e2cessi+e s#okin). alcoholis# and so#e ps"choso#atic illnesses can result -ro# the repression o- -ear. >li6abeth /as a tall. statel" )irl o- about t/ent"=ei)ht "ears oa)e. 3he had separated -ro# her husband a-ter a short and stor#" #arria)e se+eral "ears be-ore she ca#e to consult #e. 3he o+erate and -elt constantl" irritable. and her s"#pto#s had beco#e #uch /orse since she had heard that her husband /as back in to/n. ?e had been a/a" -or #an" "ears. and she reall" had no /ish to see hi# a)ain. ?e had -ailed to pro+ide support -or their ele+en="ear=old son or her since their separation. 1n h"pnoanal"sis >li6abeth re)ressed to a stor#" incident /hich had occurred /hen she /as ei)hteen "ears o- a)e. ?er husband. in a drunken state. /as "ellin) +iolent abuse at her. 3he /as cr"in). the bab" /as screa#in). and the do) /as barkin)Ca terri-"in) co##otion. 3he cla#oured -or her husband to lea+e her alone. and he did so -or a -e/ #inutes. When he returned. he /as brandishin) a shot)un /hich he assured her /as loaded. 3he /as K1

no/ e+en #ore terri-ied but kne/ that she #ust not lose control. 3he pleaded /ith hi# to put the )un do/n. but he i)nored her. accused her o- in-idelit" and shouted that she did not deser+e to li+e. ?e /as deter#ined to kill her. &s she pushed hi# and the )un a/a". the do) Bu#ped up at hi#. 3he -led to a nei)hbourDs house. but as she ran. a shot ran) out. ?ad he killed hi#sel-I ?ad he killed the do)I The bab"I With these thou)hts runnin) throu)h her head. she -elt enor#ous )uilt that she had le-t in a panic. 3he kne/ that she dared not )o back lest she beco#e the ne2t +icti#. so /hen she beca#e su--icientl" coherent to con+e" to her nei)hbour the ur)enc" o- the situation. the police /ere called in. When the police arri+ed. the" -ound that nothin) unto/ard had occurred. 8nco+erin) no e+idence that a shot had been -ired. the" )a+e her the distinct i#pression that the" did not belie+e her stor". The" assu#ed it had reall" been an ordinar" do#estic <uarrel in /hich no oneDs li-e had e+er been in dan)er. 3hortl" a-ter this incident >li6abeth le-t her husband despite his threats to 7)et her.; 3he had not allo/ed hersel- to think o- this e2perience since that ti#e. and e+en no/. kno/in) that he had returned to the nei)hbourhood. she did not connect hi# consciousl" /ith her s"#pto#s. 3he onl" kne/ subconsciousl" that she #ust not be a-raid.

(ou +ust not love >+er"one /ill a)ree that lo+in) is a per-ectl" nor#al hu#an e#otion. "et #an" people are unable to e2press it because o- a sentence i#posed upon the#. The" ha+e been -ound )uilt" olo+in) and ha+e been sentenced ne+er to lo+e a)ain. %o+in) is o-ten con-used /ith se2ual acti+it". so that this inabilit" to lo+e is acco#panied b" an inabilit" to enBo" se2. This #a" be e2pressed as a -ear o- relishin) or bein) in+ol+ed in se2. Makin) oneselunattracti+e is one /a" o- a+oidin) se2 and den"in) lo+e. 1 /ell re#e#ber Freda /ho. at t/ent"=three "ears o- a)e. /ould ha+e been <uite attracti+e had she not been )rossl" o+er/ei)ht. 3he had ne+er dated. 3he -elt co#pelled to eat. al#ost as i- she K2

/as a-raid to lose /ei)ht. 1n h"pnoanal"sis the reason -or this beca#e clear. &t -i+e "ears o- a)e she /as a/akened b" the noise o- her parents <uarrelin) +iolentl". Freda tried not to listen. but she could not help o+erhearin) her #other screa#. 7Wh" donDt "ou ha+e herI 4ou /ant her #ore than "ou /ant #e:; 3he /onderedJ could #other be re-errin) to #eI 3he -elt sure that she lo+ed her dadd" #ore than her #other did. &s she listened. one accusation both -ri)htened and pu66led her. 74ou like little )irls too #uch. ,e2t ti#e the" /ill lock "ou up -or li-e:; When she heard that. she kne/ that she #ust not allo/ hersel- to think lo+in) thou)hts about her dadd" e+er a)ain. 3he #ust not lo+e. -or lo+in) is a cri#e. 3he kne/ then that i- she beca#e as -at as Mrs. Johnson ne2t door. /ho# dadd" hated. she /ould be sa-e. 3he /ould si#pl" eat and eat. 3he #ust supplant lo+e /ith eatin). 1t /as a lon) ti#e be-ore Freda could -eel -ree to re+erse her decision and let hersel- lose /ei)ht. 3he had to learn that it /as per#issible to lo+e. (ou +ust not thin' To be considered stupid /ould nor#all" be dee#ed a handicap. but so#eti#es it is /iser to act stupid than to use oneDs nor#al intelli)ence. 9ein) intelli)ent has. on occasion. pro+ed to be so disastrous that it has been interpreted as a cri#e. The proper punish#ent -or such a cri#e is. o- course. 74ou #ust not think.; 1 can best illustrate this throu)h the e2perience o- 3te/art. /ho ca#e to see #e at the a)e o- nineteen. ?e /as doin) +er" badl" in his studies. -indin) it di--icult to concentrate upon acade#ic assi)n#ents and /onderin) /hether he should drop out o- hi)h school rather than continue to /ork to/ard )raduation. 3te/art /as -eelin) +er" ner+ous and /as unable to sleep. @nl" in-re<uentl" could he relate to his class#ates. #ost o- /ho# /ere "oun)er and better students than he. ?o/e+er. until he had reached )rade si2 he /as scholasticall" ahead o- his conte#poraries and /as the "oun)est and bri)htest in the class. ?e had no idea /h" his per-or#ance in school had deteriorated so badl" since then. KF

We disco+ered the clue in h"pnoanal"sis. 3te/art located a critical e2perience at the a)e o- ele+en "ears. ?e had not been in bed -or lon) /hen he heard a loud ban) co#in) -ro# do/nstairs. ?is parents had Bust returned ho#e. <uarrellin) +ehe#entl". his -ather shoutin) abuse at his #other. ?e /as not sure he had cau)ht one state#ent accuratel". but his -ather shortl" repeated itN 71 al/a"s kne/ he /asnDt #" kidCheDs too s#art=assed:; 3te/art lo+ed his dad. and he /anted no one else -or a -ather. 9ein) s#art #ust be a cri#e. he decided. so he #ust be punished. ?e #ust not think. Fro# that ti#e on/ard. althou)h the incident /as ne+er #entioned. 3te/art be)an to do poorl" at school. ?e could not to perpetrate the cri#e o- bein) s#art and run the risk o- losin) dad.

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Chapter *ive The Prison LocksGUILT!

(entral to the /hole the#e o- this book is the con-lict bet/een the $arent e)o state and the (hild e)o state. /hich so o-ten leads to the i#prison#ent o- the (hild b" the $arent. &lthou)h e+er" prison has its Bailors. the" /ould not be so e--ecti+e i- the prison /ere not securel" locked. 1t is natural to /onder ho/ the $arent is able to pre+ent the (hild -ro# escapin). The ans/er is )uilt. /hich pro+ides locks secure -ro# ta#perin). &lthou)h all o- us ha+e e2perienced -eelin)s o- )uilt. it is +er" di--icult. to de-ine the e2act nature o- )uilt. We /ould all a)ree ho/e+er. that )uilt -eelin)s are intensel" unpleasant because the" re#ind us that /e ha+e done so#ethin) /hich has #et /ith intense disappro+al. There is no inborn sense o- )uilt. 1t is a learned response resultin) -ro# an a/areness o- ha+in) been responsible -or anotherDs distress. @ur ac<uaintance /ith this -eelin) be)ins /hen /e -irst /itness the distress o- so#eone upon /ho# /e rel" -or support and protection. That person is usuall" #other. and /e are soon a/are o- our responsibilit" -or her distress b" indications that her an)er is directed at us. 1##ediatel" /e ad#it to the cri#e. >+en thou)h /e #a" not kno/ the e2tent o- our cri#e. /e kno/ that it #ust be so#ethin) terrible because o- the se+erit" o- the distress associated /ith it. ?a+in) been -ound )uilt" o- co##ittin) a cri#e. /e su--er )rie+ousl" and #a" e+en shed tears. Mother is an)r" or sad or a-raid. and her /hole attitude +eri-ies that /e are the source o- the proble#. >+en thou)h /e did not /ish to cause distress. /e are not absol+ed -ro# the responsibilit" /e -eel. We sense that onl" a terrible person could ha+e occasioned such catastrophic results. The -eelin) o- )uilt e#er)es i##ediatel" a-ter one has been #ade to -eel badl" and has been -ound )uilt" o- one o- the #an" cri#es K5

alread" listed. Huilt creates se+ere disco#-ort and is co#pounded o- +arious e#otions. the chie- o- /hich is -ear. The basic -ear is that reBection b" #other /ill a#ount to total abandon#ent b" her. &lthou)h )uilt is pri#aril" a -eelin) o- -ear. it is co#pounded /ith -eelin)s o- sadness as one conte#plates the possibilit" o- bein) utterl" alone. This -ear potentiall" )ains its stren)th -ro# an instincti+e a/are0 ness probabl" -ounded on the #e#or" o- a total dependence on her durin) intrauterine li-e. that li-e /ithout #other can be e<uated /ith death. 1 think that the in-ant is a/are o- his dependence on #other. particularl" /hen she does not pro#ptl" #eet his #an" de#ands. ?e is le-t /ith a -ri)htenin) sensation ohelplessness since he is unable to satis-" his o/n biolo)ical needs. Throu)hout pre)nanc" #other has pro+ided continued biolo)ical support. and -or us all the separation -ro# #other at birth is a trau#atic re#inder o- our dependence upon her. There-ore an" threat o- a #ore per#anent separation -ro# #other al/a"s beco#es the source o- intense -ear. /hich supplies the -eelin) o)uilt /ith its i##ense po/er. The $arent e)o state acts to pre+ent #other -ro# /ithdra/in) support -ro# the (hild b" initiatin) a beha+iour pattern /hich is acceptable to her. This is /h" the $arent e)o state is so closel" #odelled upon #other or other parental -i)ures upon /ho# the (hild depends -or sustenance. 1t also e2plains /h" the $arent e)o state i#poses restrictions upon the beha+iour o- the (hild throu)h the #echanis# o- repression. 1 belie+e that the -eelin) o- )uilt pro+ides that #echanis#. Whene+er the (hild /ishes to e2press a -eelin) that #i)ht produce parental disappro+al. the $arent -lashes the #e#or" o- the ori)inal cri#e /ith its acco#pan"in) threat o- punish#ent b" abandon#ent o- the (hild b" the #other. The #e#or" o- that threat -ills the (hild /ith -orebodin) and pro+ides the essence othe -eelin) /hich /e call )uilt. Huilt. then. resides at the centre o- the $arentA(hild con-lict. 1t is the pressure applied b" the $arent in opposition to and in response to the pressure o- the unacceptable e#otion /hich the (hild /ishes to e2press. Huilt e--ecti+el" holds the (hild in his KK

prison and ser+es as the locks on the doors o- the outer /alls ohis prison. 1ntense )uilt is -elt as an2iet". %esser le+els o- )uilt #a" be e2perienced as -eelin)s o- sha#e or e#barrass#ent. &lthou)h al/a"s present in cases o- $arentA(hild con-lict responsible -or i#prison#ent o- the #ind. )uilt #a" not reach a/areness and so#eti#es can onl" be identi-iable at an unconscious le+el in h"pnosis. 1t is the obBecti+e o- h"pnotherap" to pr" open the locks o- )uilt so that the (hild #a" be -ree to e2press hi#sel- as he is. 9e-ore this can be acco#plished. ho/e+er. the $arent #ust be con+inced that it is no lon)er necessar" -or the (hild to be locked up in the #ental prison -or his o/n protection. 3ince the $arent e)o state re)ards the prison as a ha+en osecurit" as /ell as a place o- punish#ent. it #ust be assured that the (hild /ill not co#e to -ar )reater har# should he be released. &n understandin) o- this -unction o- the $arent enables us to accept its +er" i#portant role as the pur+e"or o- )uilt in the interests o- the indi+idual.

K!

K'

Chapter Si< Release from Prison

The Appeal, the Retrial and the Pardon
The Appeal The le)al s"ste#s o- #ost ci+ili6ed societies contain pro+ision -or the re+ie/ o- a sentence i#posed upon the alle)ed cri#inal a-ter the trial. This #echanis# also pro+ides -or a re=e2a#ination o- the circu#stances o- the cri#e in order to deter#ine /hether the actions o- the prisoner /ere trul" cri#inal. The appeal procedure is desi)ned to ensure that Bustice is upheld and that an" e+idence not accessible at the ori)inal trial can be #ade a+ailable to the court -or its deliberation. &ll success-ul therap" in+ol+es a re+ie/ o- the proble# to -ind ne/ and #ore satis-actor" solutions. This approach is crucial to success in the anal"tical h"pnotherap" o- e#otional proble#s. >arl" $arentA(hild con-licts o-ten continue unresol+ed throu)hout the li-eti#e o- the indi+idual. The &dult re#ains a helpless and unin-or#ed spectator o- the pain-ul stru))le bet/een the oppressed and #iserable (hild and the un"ieldin). dut"=conscious $arent. ,either (hild nor $arent is able to co##unicate the true nature o- the con-lict to the &dult in order to allo/ this hi)hl" resource-ul e)o state to disco+er a solution to their con-lict. 1nternal co##unication is clearl" inade<uate. When ps"chotherapies /ork. the" probabl" do so si#pl" b" utili6in) &dult understandin) o- the $arentA(hild con-lict so that the $arent can be supplied /ith the in-or#ation necessar" to #oderate its position and allo/ the (hild increased or -ull -reedo#. 3uccess-ul therap" operates in the sa#e /a" as an appeal. Hrounds -or the appeal #a" include the -ollo/in)N that the ori)inal trial /as conducted ineptl". that the sentence )i+en /as too se+ere or that ne/ e+idence is no/ a+ailable to the court. K

9e-ore an appeal can proceed. a report o- the pre+ious trial #ust be #ade a+ailable to the de-ense -or stud". lar)el" because the #e#ories o- the ori)inal e+ent /hich precipitated the e#otional con-lict are no lon)er present at a conscious le+el. The" are o-ten not a+ailable to the &dult e+en at an unconscious le+el because the &dult e)o state /as probabl" too i##ature at the ti#e o- the ori)inal e+ent to -or# an understandin). 1n the reco+er" o- unconscious #e#ories h"pnosis possesses a uni<ue ad+anta)e o+er all other therapeutic approaches. 1 /ould su))est that an" approach /hich incorporates co##unication /ith the unconscious #ind is in -act usin) h"pnosis. ?"pnotic techni<ues are bein) e#plo"ed success-ull" b" #an" therapists /ho are not a/are that h"pnosis is in+ol+ed and /ho ha+e no -or#al kno/led)e o- h"pnosis. This state#ent in no /a" detracts -ro# the #erits o- these success-ul techni<ues but seeks to reco)ni6e and identi-" the co##on path/a" necessar" -or success. &nal"tical h"pnotherap" depends upon direct co##unication /ith the unconscious #ind -or its abilit" to locate in-or#ation re)ardin) the ori)inal proble#. Fortunatel". /e ha+e -ound that -or #ost people ade<uate co##unication /ith the unconscious #ind is relati+el" eas" and that a deep state o- h"pnosis is not necessar". as /as once thou)ht. Man" o- #" patients. in -act. are a#a6ed at the ease /ith /hich this co##unication /ith the unconscious #ind can be established. e+en /hen the conscious #ind is obser+ant and alert. The unconscious #ind is like a +ideo tape recorder. transcribin) e+er" si)ni-icant happenin) in -aith-ul detail. The -irst step in anal"tical h"pnotherap" is to locate the #e#ories o- the e2periences -ro# /hich the so=called cri#e and the subse<uent sentence arose. The techni<ues o- anal"tical h"pnotherap" direct the unconscious #ind to search its #illions o- recordin)s until it locates the rele+ant critical e2periences. The ne2t step is to brin) that e2perience to a le+el /here it can be re+ie/ed b" the &dult e)o state. 3o#eti#es this e2perience is too pain-ul to be brou)ht to a conscious le+el and #ust be e2a#ined b" the &dult at an unconscious le+el onl". 1 ha+e -ound. ho/e+er. that this #a" be Bust as e--ecti+e as a re+ie/ o- the e2perience at a conscious le+el. but it is unsatis-"in) in so#e respects -or the !0

therapist. /ho is le-t in i)norance o- the basic proble# and cannot de+elop a -ull kno/led)e and understandin) o- it. 1- a detailed re+ie/ o- the ori)inal trial brin)s -or/ard su--icient e+idence that so#e inBustice has occurred. a retrial can be insti)ated. This retrial /ill reconsider the cri#e. re+ie/ the e+idence -or the prosecution. and an" ne/ e+idence -or the de-ence. The Retrial &t the ori)inal trial the prosecutionDs case rested lar)el" upon an ad#ission b" the (hild that the e+ents described did indeed take place and that his beha+iour caused his parentDs distress. &t that ti#e no notice /hate+er /as taken o- the (hildDs pleas that he could not help it. The <uestion 7Were "ou in -act present /hen "our #other e2pressed )reat distress at "our presenceI; could onl" be ans/ered a--ir#ati+el". ,o one sho/ed an" concern /ith the (hildDs pleas that he did not kno/ ho/ he )ot there. &t the retrial the (hild has a #ature &dult -or an ad+ocate /ho can no/ -ind #an" precedents to aid in the de-ence. (on+icted othe cri#e o- e2istin). the (hild no/ has an e2cellent de-ence. 1n short. he /as not responsible -or his presence in this /orld. and a #ature &dult has a#ple e+idence to present in support o- this +ie/point. ?e kno/s the role that his parents pla"ed in his conception and reali6es that his distressed #other had a -ar. -ar )reater share in the responsibilit" -or his presence than he could e+er ha+e had. 3he is hundreds o- ti#es #ore )uilt" than he. This is an e2tre#el" stron) de-ence. Further#ore. #otherDs distress /as #uch #ore in-luenced b" social and econo#ic -actors than b" the birth o- the (hild. $erhaps the (hild co##itted the cri#e o- an)er. 1n that case his ad+ocate. the &dult. can produce e+idence to sho/ that all hu#an bein)s e2perience an)er and that it is a nor#al hu#an e#otion /hich can be used -or bene-it as /ell as inBur". The &dult can pro+ide e+idence that an)er is not in itsel- a cri#e since it is an e#otion pri#aril" desi)ned -or protection.

!1

1n -urther de-ence o- the (hild. the &dult can brin) the sa#e support o- an" nor#al. health" hu#an -eelin)s to an outdated char)e that such -eelin)s are cri#es. Durin) anal"tical h"pnotherap" #uch o- this is -re<uentl" acco#plished at a totall" unconscious le+elJ the patient is not a/are o- /hat has been done and indeed #a" not -eel +er" di--erent durin) the process. @n the other hand. unco#-ortable old -eelin)s #a" be re=e2perienced. and he #a" be surprised at their intensit" since he probabl" belie+ed that he had #ana)ed to discard these outdated -eelin)s #an" "ears pre+iousl". The conscious reaction #a" /ell occasion the re#ark. 7Fanc" such a stupid little thin) like that still #akin) #e so upset.; This re+ie/ o- old e2periences is o-ten acco#panied b" intense -eelin)s since it re<uires that an e+ent /hich /as partl" or /holl" responsible -or the $arentA(hild con-lict be e2a#ined in detail. The techni<ues o- anal"tical h"pnotherap" are desi)ned to ensure that a thorou)h re=e2a#ination o- the e2perience is acco#plished. 1n -act. a session o- h"pnotherap" #a" re+ie/ se+eral such critical e2periences. This initial phase o- h"pnoanal"sis cannot be re)arded as co#plete until all such e2periences ha+e been thorou)hl" e2a#ined and the deep #odern understandin) o- the #ature unconscious &dult e)o state has been applied to each othe#. The purpose o- this re+ie/ is to persuade the $arent e)o state to re+erse its ori)inal +erdict o- )uilt" since this had resulted in the incarceration o- the (hild and the subse<uent con-lict bet/een the#. The $arent usuall" /elco#es relie- -ro# the onerous dut" oJailor. @n the other hand. it #a" -ind it di--icult to accept the ne/ role o- -riend and supporter o- an e)o state /hich -or "ears it has held in conte#pt as a co##on cri#inal. Throu)hout this process the &dult concentrates all o- its po/ers olo)ic upon the $arentA(hild con-lict. This phase o- anal"tical h"pnotherap" calls -or the )reatest e2hibition o- skill and patience -ro# the h"pnotherapist. ?e is a/are that he cannot -ree the (hild hi#sel- but #ust rel" upon the &dult e)o stateDs e--ort to persuade the $arent to per#anentl" release the (hild. 1- the $arent cannot be -ull" con+inced that the (hild is innocent or that he has been punished su--icientl". the (hild /ill onl" be !2

allo/ed out on probation. This is not )ood enou)h. ho/e+er. -or it proBects onl" a -alse -reedo# and /ill ine+itabl" be -ollo/ed b" a relapse a-ter a brie- period o- re#ission. 8n-ortunatel" o- course. /e are so#eti#es -orced to settle -or this probation rather than the total and unconditional pardon that /e seek. The Pardon ,or#all" a pardon can onl" be obtained /hen a case has been reopened and irre-utable ne/ e+idence o- innocence has been presented. The de-endant is then considered to ha+e been /ron)l" con+icted and unBustl" i#prisoned. & pardon is essentiall" a sincere o--icial apolo)" that an inBustice has occurred. 1t is an a--ir#ation that the de-endant has al/a"s been totall" innocent o- the cri#e -or /hich he had been char)ed and sentenced. ?is )ood na#e is once a)ain restored to hi#. and he is re)arded as a thorou)hl" /orth" citi6en /ho is Bust as respectable as an" o- his -ello/ citi6ens /ho ha+e not under)one his un-ortunate e2perience. 1t is this kind o- unconditional pardon that anal"tical h"pnotherap" seeks to secure -or the (hild -ro# the $arent. 1n #ost cases a (hild has been con+icted o- #ultiple cri#es. and it is i#perati+e that a pardon be obtained -or each separate cri#e. When this happens. #an" /onder-ul thin)s occurCthe chie- o- /hich is the $arentDs acceptance o- the (hild. @ur patient be)ins to like hi#sel-. The $arent #ust cease to act as a controllin). repressi+e -orce and #ust beco#e an encoura)in) and supporti+e one. 3o#eti#es this is acco#plished <uite rapidl". but o-ten it takes a )reat deal opersuasion -ro# the lo)ical &dult e)o state to achie+e a re+ersal obeha+iour. 8ntil no/ the $arentDs natural lo+in) and nurturin) -unctions ha+e been lar)el" subordinated to its disciplinarian role. Teachin) the $arent ne/ approaches is an i#portant part oh"pnotherap". & true pardon is per#anent. There /ill ne+er be an" need -or the (hild to enter prison a)ain. The $arentA(hild con-lict is at an end and the patient is cured. The sense o- -reedo# e2perienced b" the pardoned (hild can onl" be trul" understood b" so#eone /ho has under)one it. We /ill be hearin) -ro# pardoned prisoners /ho /ill !F

describe their escape -ro# prison and their subse<uent e2perience o- -reedo#. *reedo+ %ibert" is e+er" hu#an bein)Ds birthri)ht. To be -ree is to be one0 sel-. to e2press oneDs personalit" /ithout -ear or )uilt. This should be the ulti#ate obBecti+e o- all ps"chotherap". The -reed (hild is in har#on" /ith his $arent e)o state and can be trusted to e2perience his -eelin)s -ull" and /ithout hindrance -ro# the $arent. There is no lon)er an" con-lict bet/een the (hild e)o state and the $arent e)o state. and there re#ains little -or the &dult e)o state to do but to pro+ide the (hild /ith the in-or#ation necessar" -or hi# to be able to -ull" utili6e all the creati+e ener)" o- his -eelin)s. Thus the once unproducti+e artist is slo/l" trans-or#ed into a creati+e and -ull" producti+e cra-ts#an. The sh". retirin) indi+idual beco#es open and co##unicati+e. The ps"choso#atic ail#ents are no lon)er necessar". and the nor#al health /hich /as pre+iousl" concealed b" these s"#pto#s e#er)es. The -eelin) o- /ell=bein) that the -ree (hild brin)s to the personalit" is /ithout parallel. 1n so#e cases it borders on the #iraculous. Freedo# can take place <uite suddenl". as /e ha+e o-ten noted in the pheno#enon o- reli)ious con+ersion. When it does. such an e2perience occurs <uickl". it appears #iraculous. shockin) the -a#il" and -riends o- the con+ert. The" #ust learn to adapt to the -reed person. /ho has suddenl" appeared in their #idst like a stran)er. This chan)e in hi#. o- course. #a" strain their adapti+e po/ers. 8ntil the" reali6e that the -reed indi+idualCdespite his opennessC has no #alicious intent and /ill do the# no deliberate har#. the" #a" not be able to handle hi#. 3o#eti#es #arria)es that ha+e not been stable /ill collapse /hen a partner is -reed. 1t has been #" e2perience. ho/e+er. that the other partner can usuall" disco+er resources /ith /hich to deal /ith and adapt to this chan)e. &ccordin)l". the #arria)e relationship /ill o-ten beco#e <uite beauti-ul.

!G

8suall" the trans-or#ation in the -reed personalit" is <uite )radual. The $arent. persuaded to alter his role -ro# that o- Jailor to 3upporter and $rotector o- the (hild. shi-ts roles slo/l". 1n such cases the -a#il" still has to adBust. but in subtler /a"s and o+er a lon)er period o- ti#e. 1n the phase o- -reedo# the &dult e)o assu#es )reat i#portance. The (hild is no/ at libert" in a ne/ /orld o- -ree e2pression and is a/are o- e#otions /hich /ere pre+iousl" repressed. ?e re<uires direction -ro# the &dult in learnin) /a"s to e2hibit these e#otions /hich /ill not alienate hi# -ro# the co##unit" to /hich he aspires to belon). &n"one /ho has been released -ro# one o- the #indDs e#otional prisons #ust learn ho/ to use that ne/l" released e#otion /ithout an" sense o- )uilt. &n"thin) short o- this is not true -reedo#. The ne/ role o- the $arent e)o state is so i#portant in the establish#ent o- the ne/ -reedo# that therap" #ust continue until this role is -ull" accepted. @ccasional relapses /ill result -ro# a -ailure to establish the $arentDs ne/ role as 3upporter and $rotector o- the (hild e)o state.

!5

!K

Chapter Seven REH !ILIT TI"# $ Learnin% Ho& to Remain 'ree

@ur prisons are -ull o- #en and /o#en /ho are unable to adapt to li-e in the -ree /orld. &s soon as their sentences end. the" co##it ne/ cri#es and are rei#prisoned. Man" prisoners ha+e been isolated -ro# nor#al societ" so lon) that the" cannot co#prehend the established rules o- order and soon run a-oul o- the#. @thers return to prison because the" lack the skills /ith /hich to -unction ade<uatel" in a -ree societ". The" are untrained to li+e outside o- prison. &nother )roup o- released prisoners #iss the securit" o- prison and are -ear-ul o- the de#ands that li+in) in a -ree /orld i#poses upon the#. These prisoners #a" deliberatel" co##it o--enses /hich the" kno/ /ill ensure their reco##ittal to the sa-e ha+en oprison. The proble# o- recidi+is# has lon) occupied the attention osociolo)ists and cri#inolo)ists. 1t see#s to be +irtuall" insoluble. but there is )eneral a)ree#ent that i- satis-actor" rehabilitation /ere trul" possible. the proble# /ould be )reatl" reduced. $risoners o- the #ind are uni<ue a#on) cri#inals because the" /ere reall" ne+er )uilt" o- an" cri#e. &-ter pardon their rehabilitation beco#es an e2tre#el" i#portant proble#. $risoners o- the #ind #ust be tau)ht to #ake their /a" as -ree hu#an bein)s in a stran)e /orld /hich #a" be so#e/hat hostile to those /ho ha+e ne/l" been -reed. T/o +er" i#portant phases o- rehabilitation #ust be satis-actoril" co#pleted be-ore the prisoner can be said to handle his -reedo# satis-actoril". 1n the -irst phase he #ust be con+inced that he has the ri)ht and the abilit" to be -ree. 1n h"pnotherap" /e call this process e)o stren)thenin). -or it is a procedure -or increasin) the !!

stren)th o- the (hild e)o state. The second phase is that oasserti+eness trainin). 1t is necessar" to instruct the (hild and the $arent in ne/ /a"s o- handlin) the proble#s o- li-e /ith the assistance o- the &dult. When these t/o phases ha+e been satis-actoril" co#pleted. the released indi+idual is properl" prepared to handle his ne/=-ound -reedo#. Ego Strengthening 8ntil this point. h"pnotherap" has been directed to locatin) critical e2periences /hich ha+e #ade nor#al hu#an -eelin)s appear to be cri#es. The (hild e)o state has been subBected to a punish#ent consistent /ith his cri#es and has had the e2pression o- his -orbidden -eelin)s se+erel" restricted b" )uilt. 1n obtainin) -reedo# -or the (hild. the &dult e)o state has at last been able to con+ince the $arent e)o state o- the (hildDs innocence. For the $arent this is a no+el conception since it had pre+iousl" listened onl" to the true parent. and this idea is apparentl" in total contradiction to all it had heard. This conception there-ore #ust be repeatedl" rein-orced -or it to be per#anentl" accepted b" the $arent. @n the other hand. the (hild. althou)h al/a"s belie+in) in his o/n essential innocence. initiall" -inds it di--icult to concei+e that he is acceptable. ?e is not co#pletel" sure that he is reall" @.5. >)o stren)thenin) is an i#portant and essential part o- therap". and h"pnosis pla"s a +ital role in retrainin) both the (hild and the $arent to accept and #aintain belie- in the (hildDs basic innocence and acceptabilit". The e--ecti+e therapist hi#sel- #ust possess a deepl" rooted con+iction o- the essential )oodness and ri)htness o- hu#an nature. The tools o- h"pnosis /ill allo/ hi# to co##unicate this con+iction to the unconscious #ind o- the patient. This point o+ie/ #a" ha+e to be repeated #an" ti#es until the pre+iousl" i#po+erished (hild e)o state )ains su--icient stren)th to #aintain the belie- at all ti#es. The &dult e)o state continues to aid the (hild in this belie- in hi#sel- b" pro+idin) hi# /ith a#ple in-or#ation o- his e<ualit" /ith and essential rese#blance to other hu#an bein)s. ?e can. there-ore. be persuaded that he need no lon)er -eel in-erior to his -ello/ hu#an bein)s. !'

9" usin) h"pnosis to secure the attention o- e+er" part o- the unconscious #ind. 1 can be certain that each e)o state is listenin) to #e. 1 be)in b" statin) e#phaticall" that e+er" hu#an bein) is i#portant. 1 then ask -or a)ree#ent /ith this +ie/point -ro# e+er" part o- the patientDs unconscious #ind. Follo/in) this. 1 assert that #" patient is Bust as )ood and i#por0 tant as an" other hu#an bein) li+in) or dead. 1 -ind this eas" to state in a con+incin) #anner because 1 sincerel" belie+e it. 1- #" patient has reall" -reed hi#sel- -ro# all punishin) restrictions. he can a)ree /ith #e and accept this re+olutionar" point o- +ie/. The belie- that one is reall" Bust as )ood and i#portant as an" other hu#an bein) is al/a"s acco#panied b" positi+e -eelin)s. When a patient cannot concur that his si)ni-icance #atches that oan" other hu#an bein). 1 kno/ that his $arent e)o state is ha+in) di--icult" in "ieldin) its accusto#ed role as Bailor. $artial a)ree#ent /ith these principles indicates that the $arent has not been /holl" con+inced to pla" a supporti+e role and #a" resu#e the -or#er restricti+e -unction at an" ti#e. &t such a point /e #ust pursue -urther anal"tical h"pnotherap" -or the (hild to be totall" and per#anentl" -ree. 1n order to increase e)o stren)thenin) in those /ho are apparentl" -ree. 1 al/a"s ask #" patient in h"pnosis i- he a)rees that he has a ri)ht to respect and protect his nor#al hu#an e#otions. /hether or not the" are pleasant. This <uestion is reall" directed to the $arent e)o state. 1 a# in<uirin) /hether it accepts the ne/ role o- respectin) and protectin) the (hild and his nor#al hu#an e#otions. 1- 1 )ain an a--ir#ati+e response to this <uestion. 1 kno/ that the e)o o- the (hild has been i##easurabl" stren)thened b" the kno/led)e that its -eelin)s ha+e been accepted. 1t no/ has the -ull support and protection o- the $arent e)o state. Assertiveness Training Man" courses and teachin)s toda" address the#sel+es to the subBect o- asserti+eness trainin). 8n-ortunatel". a #ental prisoner cannot a+ail hi#sel- o- the )ood ad+ice contained in these /ritin)s and teachin)s. That is. his $arent /ill not allo/ hi# to indul)e in sel-=assertion since that is a pri+ile)e reser+ed -or the -ree. !

When an indi+idual -ull" accepts hi#sel-. ho/e+er. he has no need to be particularl" asserti+e. ?is respect -or hi#sel- is e+ident. and he co##ands respect -ro# others. @nl" those /ho cannot respect the#sel+es -ail to )ain respect -ro# others. 1t is precisel" this )roup o- people /ho. thou)h needin) asserti+eness trainin). cannot a+ail the#sel+es o- it because the" are i#prisoned. When an indi+idual escapes -ro# his sel-=i#posed prison. he e#er)es into a stran)e /orld /here no one reco)ni6es hi#. &t -irst not e+en his -riends or relati+es see hi# -or /hat he trul" is. -or the" ha+e onl" kno/n hi# as a prisoner. &s a -ree person he no lon)er -eels )uilt about hi#sel-. and this +er" -act #akes hi# a stran)er to his peers. To o+erco#e this di--icult". the ne/l" released prisoner #ust learn to support and protect hi#sel- in the outside /orld. ?e /ill be called upon #an" ti#es to Busti-" his presence outside prison /alls and /ill ha+e to kno/ ho/ to assert his ri)ht to be -ree. The liberated prisoner #ust learn three si#ple thin)s. First o- all. he has to learn ho/ to pre+ent his $arent -ro# rei#prisonin) hi#. This re<uires a )reat deal o- alertness on the part o- the &dult. /ho #ust constantl" re#ind the $arent that his old role o- Jailor is -inished. 3econdl". he #ust learn to rel" upon the $arent e)o state to protect hi# /hene+er others atte#pt to ha+e hi# reco##itted to prison. @nce a)ain the &dult #ust be prepared to reco)ni6e /hen this is happenin) and to call upon the $arent to /ard o-- an" such atte#pt in his proper role as the protector. Thirdl". he #ust not be seduced into an" situation in /hich he #i)ht be te#pted to use the tool o- )uilt upon others in order to lock the# #ore securel" /ithin their o/n prisons as a reprisal -or their attacks upon hi#. &ll o- this re<uires e--ecti+e asserti+eness trainin). ?"pnosis o--ers an e2cellent #ediu# -or producti+e asserti+eness trainin) because su))estions )i+en in h"pnosis are attended to +er" closel" and. /hen accepted. are -ollo/ed /ith ut#ost -idelit". 1n practice. 1 acco#plish this sta)e o- therap" b" de#andin) that the indi+idual #ake and keep three i#portant pro#ises. '0

First. he #ust pro#ise to stop puttin) hi#sel- or his -eelin)s do/n. This is the #ost essential pro#ise that 1 e2tract. -or it is the #ost di--icult to keep. 8ntil no/. the $arent has repressed the (hild and discounted his -eelin)s. 1- the pro#ise is kept. the (hild /ill recei+e the essential support o- the $arent. 3econdl". 1 ask the indi+idual to pro#ise ne+er a)ain to allo/ an"one to put hi# or his -eelin)s do/n. Man" patients ha+e per#itted others to )et a/a" /ith de+aluin) and i)norin) their -eelin)s or callin) the# into <uestion. Their tor#entors ha+e had no ri)ht to do this. but #" patients ha+e ne+er obBected to such treat#ent. 1n -act. the" probabl" in+ited others to de#ean the#. The" #ust no/ put a stop to this. ne+er allo/in) an"one to #ake the# -eel badl". 1 sincerel" belie+e that #ost people do not intentionall" #ean to put others do/n. and /hen the" are #ade a/are o- the e--ect o- their actions on a -riend the" /ill i##ediatel" desist. 1n an" case. the +er" action o- in-or#in) so#eone that he is causin) hurt see#s to #ake it easier to keep the -irst pro#ise not to put onesel- do/n. These -irst t/o pro#ises supple#ent each other in the asserti+eness trainin) process. The therapeutic process #ust e2tract a third and -inal pro#iseN that the indi+idual ne+er kno/in)l" put an" one else do/n. 1#prisoned subBects are accusto#ed to de#eanin) the#sel+es and accordin)l" )ain so#e #easure o- co#-ort -ro# their abilit" to do the sa#e to others. Those /ho# the" attack. o- course. #ust inhabit prisons o- their o/n to be +ulnerable. Thus both sides -re<uentl" en)a)e in useless. da#a)in) battles. & prere<uisite -or disen)a)e#ent -ro# such -i)htin) de#ands an 7e2=con+ict; no lon)er kno/in)l" put others do/n. For each o- these i#portant asserti+eness trainin) pro#ises the &dult e)o state #a" be pro+ided /ith an e2cellent rationale /hich it can utili6e to ensure that there is al/a"s co#plete e)o a)ree#ent. This -urther enhances e)o stren)thenin). For e2a#ple. the &dult accepts the (hild as )ood and as i#portant as an" other hu#an bein). and there-ore no one has the ri)ht to put the (hild do/nCnot e+en the $arent or &dult. 1t -ollo/s <uite lo)icall" that neither the $arent. the (hild nor the &dult has the ri)ht to put an"one else do/n. This phase o- therap" is ad#inistered to e+er" patient re)ardless o- the proble# /ith /hich he -irst presented. 1- a patient can keep '1

these three pro#ises. he /ill re#ain -ree. (on+ersel". i- he -ails to keep an" one o- the three pro#ises. he is in dan)er orei#prison#ent. This phase o- rehabilitation. an essential part o- therap". is included at e+er" +isit o- e+er" patient. >ach ti#e an e2=prisoner is attacked. creatin) a situation in /hich he /ould -or#erl" ha+e re#ained silent and thus i#plicitl" a)reed /ith the attack. he no/ stands up -or hi#sel-. ?e ne+er re#ains unde-ended. ?is ne/ sel-= con-idence renders hi# both sel-=protecti+e and sel-=asserti+e. ?e no/ respects his o/n -eelin)s. thou)hts and ideas. ne+er abandonin) the#. 3peakin) up -or hi#sel-. he /ill not allo/ a criticis# o- his -eelin)s to )o unchallen)ed. >+er" da" that the -ree patient deals success-ull" /ith an in0 -rin)e#ent upon his ne/l" de-ined ri)hts. he increases his sel-= con-idence. >ach subse<uent de-ence o- his -eelin)s and opinions brin)s ne/ respect -ro# those around hi# and consolidates his o/n sel-=respect.

'2

Chapter Eight 'alse 'reedom

Prison )rea's= ut on )ail= and #eath Sentence n Pro8ation= %ini+u+ Security

Man" prisoners -ind their -reedo# partiall" or inter#ittentl" restricted -or +arious reasons. &#on) prisoners o- the #ind /e -ind #an" indi+iduals in analo)ous circu#stancesJ the" are onl" able to achie+e -reedo# -or short periods o- ti#e.

Prison breaks
& prisoner can obtain te#porar" -reedo# b" slippin) a/a" -ro# his Bailors /hen their +i)ilance -la)s. 8n-ortunatel". he is ne+er trul" -ree. &l/a"s on the run -ro# the la/. he #a" be cau)ht and returned to prison to -ace an e+en #ore se+ere sentence. &n outla/ can ne+er reall" rela2. ?e li+es in constant -ear odisco+er" and is ne+er -ree o- a -eelin) o- )uilt. 1n precisel" the sa#e /a" the enterprisin) (hild e)o state can so#eti#es escape the +i)ilance o- the $arent and -lee his prison. When he does so. he presents the t"pical clinical picture o- the escapee /ho possesses o+er/hel#in) sel-=con-idence. This is +astl" di--erent -ro# his appearance in prison under the control ohis Bailor. the $arent.
aA The +anic depressive

T"picall". the #anic depressi+e e2periences periods o- deep depression durin) /hich he beco#es /ithdra/n. inacti+e. sad and possibl" suicidal. These alternate /ith periods o- )reat acti+it" durin) /hich the patient beco#es increasin)l" producti+e and creati+e. 8n-ortunatel". throu)hout each period the patient beco#es so h"peracti+e #entall" and ph"sicall" that he e+entuall" loses control. &t such ti#es o- crisis he is no lon)er able to think clearl" or constructi+el". ?e beco#es illo)ical and #ust be restrained -or his o/n )ood. 'F

The depression phase is essentiall" the sa#e as an" depression durin) /hich the (hild is under)oin) tre#endous pressure -ro# a h"percritical. puniti+e and restricti+e $arent /ho tortures the -reedo# lo+in) (hild b" constantl" re#indin) hi# o- his cri#e /hile #etin) out punish#ent. 9ut i- the $arent tires -ro# the ri)ors o- this dut" and rela2es its usual +i)ilance. the (hild can take ad+anta)e o- the $arentDs absence -ro# his post to slip out oprison. &ll o- us ha+e /itnessed the /ear". harassed #other in the depart#ent store tr"in) to keep an unrul" three="ear=old in line /ith threats o- punish#ent. When she has hi# -ir#l" b" the hand. he cannot escape. and a-ter a /hile he ad#its de-eat and appears to beco#e cooperati+e. 1n realit". he is si#pl" a/aitin) his opportunit" to escape. >+entuall" #otherDs attention is distracted b" so#e article in the store and she releases her hold on her o--sprin). This is the #o#ent he has been /aitin) -or. and he is <uick to sei6e the opportunit". ?e sca#pers o--. deli)htin) in his -reedo#. /anderin) -ro# depart#ent to depart#ent. his i#a)ination runnin) riot as he e2peri#ents /ith the )oodies on displa". ,o/ one o- t/o thin)s #a" happen. 1- his departure is soon noted b" his #other. she /ill )i+e chase. 1n turn. he /ill be)in to run e+en -aster -ro# her. althou)h certain that she /ill e+entuall" catch hi#. as she has done so #an" ti#es be-ore. &s his speed )athers. he beco#es less coordinated. and soon he -alls and is apprehended. 1n the process he has probabl" #ade ha+oc a#on) the #erchandise. 9ut i- #other does not notice his departure and <uickl" take up the chase. he /ill beco#e lost and -ri)htened. ?e /ill cr" out -or his #other. desperatel" seekin) her protection a)ain no #atter ho/ restricti+e it pro+es to be. 1n either case he is e+entuall" recaptured. and his #other e2presses her anno"ance and an2iet" at the e#barrass#ent and -ear that his e2cursion has caused her. 3he #a" e+en spank hi#. 1n an" case. he /ill beco#e acutel" a/are o- her /rath and /ill de#onstrate this b" cr"in) and sobbin). For the duration o- the shoppin) trip he /ill be contrite and al#ost docile. ?e is a bad bo" and he kno/s it. 'G

The #anic=depressi+e e2periences a si#ilar dra#a internall". The (hild e)o state te#poraril" escapes -ro# the $arent e)o state and beco#es uncontrolled as the #anic phase is reached. ?e -ears both his lack o- control and the probabilit" o- rei#prison#ent. When the $arent does a)ain i#prison hi#. re#orse and )uilt co#bine to render hi# e2tre#el" depressed. T"picall" the #anic depressi+e patient is +er" hi)h in spirits in the #anic phase. +er" lo/ in the depressi+e phase. 1t is #" clinical e2perience that #an" people under)o #ood s/in)s /hich. thou)h -ar less dra#atic than those o- the #anic depressi+e. are caused b" the sa#e #echanis#. These #a" +ar" in intensit" and in duration -ro# hours to "ears. This pendulu# #echanis# is at the root o- all recurrent depres0 sion. 1t can onl" be inacti+ated b" the inter+ention o- the &dult e)o in the continuin) $arentA(hild con-lict. &nal"tical h"pnotherap" is one e--ecti+e /a" in /hich this can be acco#plished. >rnest is a thirt"=three="ear=old accountant /ho ori)inall" consulted /ith #e concernin) inso#nia. ?e had not slept /ell -or "ears. 3o#eti#es he /ent to sleep -eelin) <uite tired but -ound hi#sel- /ide a/ake onl" an hour a-ter )oin) to bed. &t other ti#es he la" a/ake -or hours. listenin) to the clock strikin) the earl" hours o- the #ornin). >rnest li+ed alone. ?is #arria)e broke do/n because o- the de#ands he put upon it. When 1 sa/ hi#. he told #e that he had e2perienced periods o- se+ere depression /hich see#ed to be heralded b" a poor sleepin) pattern. @nl" #edications helped hi# to sleep and enabled hi# to co#bat the -eelin)s o- hopelessness and sadness /hich do#inated these periods o- inso#nia. @+er the "ears he had been hospitali6ed on se+eral occasions -or periods o- depression up to se+eral /eeks. 8nder)oin) electroshock therap" on t/o occasions. he belie+ed that this had hastened his reco+er". 9et/een these periods o- depression his sleepin) pattern altered. he slept deepl" and -airl" /ell. althou)h he tended to a/aken earl". &t such ti#es he /as #uch #ore ener)etic and producti+e. b" -ar the #ost e--ecti+e partner in his -ir#. Durin) the )ood '5

periods he produced #uch #ore /ork than his lon)=su--erin) secretar" could handle. &t such ti#es he /as punctual -or his appoint#ents. drank little and de+oted a -i2ed ti#e each da" to a -itness pro)ra#. & -e/ da"s prior to each period o- depression he beca#e tense and con-used. ?is head -illed /ith thou)hts that de#anded e2pression. but he -elt -rustrated in his atte#pts to -ind su--icient creati+e or producti+e outlet. ?e suspected that other people /ere stupid because the" /ere so slo/ and could not -ull" co#prehend hi#. These thou)hts and e2periences contrasted sharpl" /ith the periods o- depression /hich al/a"s -ollo/ed. ?is /i-e -ound hi# di--icult to handle in either phase. 1n a state odepression he beca#e o+erl" dependent upon herJ /hen he -elt 7/ell.; he appeared to be under such tre#endous pressure that she and the children su--ered -ro# it. ?e #ade countless -a#il" schedules -or each hour o- the da". but the plans /ere too nu#erous. allo/in) none o- his -a#il" an" ti#e -or the#sel+es. When the desi)ns be)an to de+elop. the" beca#e too co#ple2 -or hi# to handle. and thus he /ould e2perience -eelin)s o- sel-= doubt. ?e /ould be)in to lie a/ake. /onderin) /hether he could e+er be the success he /as so desperatel" tr"in) to be and <uestionin) /h" he /as so hard on e+er"one. 1n the end his /i-e could endure no #ore. 3he le-t hi#. takin) the children /ith her. ?is #ood /as alread" slidin) do/nhill once a)ain /hen he ca#e to see #e. 1- it /ere to continue in its usual pattern. he /ould soon beco#e pro-oundl" depressed and unable to co#plete e+en the basic responsibilities o- his occupation. ?e /ould reach a sta)e /here once a)ain his lo"al secretar" /ould be hard put to -ind ne/ e2cuses -or her bossDs incapacities. This stor" took a little /hile to e#er)e in its entiret". but it /as clear at our -irst #eetin) that >rnest /as su--erin) -ro# the destructi+e c"cle o- the #anic depressi+e. ?a+in) pro+ed to be a )ood subBect -or h"pnoanal"sis. he re)ressed to a critical e2perience /hich had occurred /hen he /as three "ears o- a)e. ?e and his bi) brother 9ill" had arri+ed ho#e late because the" had pla"ed in the cit" park instead o- co#in) strai)ht ho#e -ro# a -riendDs house. Their -ather /as in a ra)e /hen the" -inall" arri+ed. ?e had been drinkin) hea+il" and /as 'K

not in control o- hi#sel-. ?e beat 9ill" un#erci-ull" /ith a strap. and >rnest could onl" co/er in abBect -ear a/aitin) his turn. 9ut he ne+er recei+ed his beatin) because -ather /as distracted. 1nstead o- e2periencin) relie-. ho/e+er. >rnest -elt )uilt" and responsible -or his brotherDs hurt. ?e recalled se+eral other e+ents in /hich he /as 7bad;Cusuall" l"in) or stealin) thin)s. 1n h"pnosis he /as able to use his &dult understandin) to -or)i+e hi#sel- -or these 7cri#es.; ?e reali6ed that such episodes /ere part o- an internal rebellion o- his (hild a)ainst his t"rannical $arent. ?is anti=social acts /ere not due to an" #alice in his character but rather represented atte#pts to protest the inBustice o- his situation. 1t took <uite a /hile -or his $arent to be persuaded to accept his (hild as nor#al and no /orse than an" other (hild. 9ut onl" /hen he )ained the real -reedo# o- sel-=acceptance did his c"cles o#anic depression cease. &t the conclusion o- therap" >rnest /as able to sleep /ithout #edication and to )i+e up antidepressants or tran<uili6ers. ?e -elt +er" )ood about hi#sel-. ?is /ork output i#pro+ed and le+elled o-- at a hi)h but reasonable le+el so that neither he nor his e#plo"ees /ere under an" undue pressure. &t our last #eetin) he related /ith pleasure that he and his /i-e /ere seriousl" considerin) co#in) to)ether a)ain. ?e /as no lon)er depressed. ?is $arent e)o state had at last accepted his (hild and /as no lon)er co#pelled to tell hi# ho/ bad he /as.
8A %ultiple personalities

$risoners ha+e been kno/n to -ind their /a" out o- poorl" )uarded prisons and to re=enter b" the sa#e route. lea+in) no e+idence otheir te#porar" absence. 3uch prisoners ha+e e2cellent alibis -or an" o--ence co##itted on the outside. -or the" /ill be presu#ed incarcerated all the /hile. &uthorities consistentl" assu#e that their prison is escape proo-. The" /ould not e+en consider the possibilit" that a prisoner could elude their +i)ilance. The" re#ain bliss-ull" una/are that one otheir char)es has a #ethod o- escape and return /hich he re)ularl" e#plo"s. '!

This /ould #ake a nice plot -or a no+el. 1n analo)". ho/e+er. this is precisel" /hat happens /ith so#e cases o- #ultiple personalit". The (hild e)o state has -ound a #eans o- escapin) the oppressi+e +i)ilance o- the $arent e)o state. 1t )ets -ree o- control in such a /a" that the $arent is totall" i)norant o- ho/ it escapes and #a" be una/are that a breakout has in -act occurred. The obser+er percei+es that the subBect has e2perienced a sudden chan)e o- #ood or personalit". 9ut the subBect su--ers -ro# periods o- a#nesia and onl" later learns that he has beha+ed in an uncharacteristic /a". ?e usuall" describes these periods as blackouts. &lthou)h it is not eas" to understand ho/ this ri-t in the person0 alit" occurs so that separate and independent personalities arise. it is al/a"s the result o- )reat internal con-lict due to the e2tre#e oppressi+eness on the part o- the $arent e)o state /hich leads the (hild to -or#ulate this unusual #eans o- te#porar" escape. When 1 /as -irst consulted b" >llen #an" "ears a)o. she /as su--erin) -ro# headaches /hich she had endured throu)hout her li-e. 3he /as able to control the pain to so#e e2tent throu)h sel-= h"pnosis. but she ca#e to #e -or anal"tical h"pnotherap" in the hope that she could eli#inate the# entirel". 3he re-erred to 7blackouts.; durin) /hich she had little recollection o- /hat had transpired. &-ter/ards she /ould be told that she had totall" i)nored the -a#il". >n)a)in) in a +ariet" o- artistic acti+ities. she /ould beco#e anta)onistic to/ard her husband and <uite ne)lect-ul oher nor#al household duties. ?er 7blackout.; lastin) -or t/o or three da"s. /ould be -ollo/ed b" an intense headache. The -a#il". she e2plained. e+entuall" adBusted to her 7-unn" #oods; because she al/a"s see#ed to co#e out o- the# and reassu#e her usual #eticulous. s/eet. kind and proper sel-. Durin) anal"tical h"pnotherap" 1 beca#e ac<uainted /ith a secondar" personalit" /ho# 1 called Mar" (her proper -irst na#e). Mar" in-or#ed #e that she had been i#prisoned b" >llen #an" "ears pre+iousl" and that althou)h she had learned to escape. she could onl" do so -or short periods.

''

&t these ti#es she did /hat she trul" /anted to do. 3he con-essed that she did not like >llenDs husband and sa/ no reason /h" she should do an"thin) -or hi#. 3he did not e+en -eel #arried to hi#. 3he ad#itted that she /as entirel" responsible -or >llenDs headaches. /hich /ere i#posed in retaliation -or bein) locked up. >llen. the $arent personalit". /as a per-ectionistJ Mar" /as the happ"=)o=luck" (hild. With the help o- the &dult e)o state. /ho /as initiall" una/are o/hat /as )oin)=on. /e /ere able to arran)e a kind o- ar#istice bet/een these t/o /arrin) e)o states. /hich e+entuall" beca#e -riends. Therap" took <uite a lon) ti#e in this case. but the head0 aches disappeared /hen Mar" /as -reed on a per#anent basis. Therap" ter#inated /hen Mar" >llen beca#e /hole and peace-ull" united.

ut on Bail
When the accused is put on bail. he )i+es an assurance to the court that he /ill appear at his trial. 9ail is secured /hen he places a #onetar" deposit /ith the court. /hich /ill be -or-eited ithe accused -ails to return -or trial. 8ntil the trial date he /ill enBo" a te#porar" -reedo#. 9ut this is a -alse -reedo#. -or the accused is re<uired to report re)ularl" to the court and cannot tra+el at /ill. &lthou)h he has the ri)ht to be considered innocent until pro+en )uilt". he ine+itabl" -eels al#ost as unco#-ortable as i- he had alread" been con+icted. @n the de-ensi+e #uch o- the ti#e. he is constantl" thinkin) o- the -orthco#in) trial and the possibilit" oan un-a+orable outco#e. Further#ore. he is not certain /hen the trial /ill take place. 8nder these circu#stances it is di--icult -or hi# to lead a nor#al li-e. ?e is onl" able to enBo" his -reedo# -or short periods. kno/in) that at an" ti#e he /ill be tried. perhaps -ound )uilt" and i#prisoned. &ll o- these e+ents #a" transpire in the #ental li-e o- those accused o- e#otional cri#es. &n incident occurrin) earl" in li-e #a" ha+e all the hall#arks o- an e#otional cri#e and "et not be brou)ht to trial until "ears later. 1t /ould appear as i- the (hild e)o state had #ana)ed to bu" ti#e -ro# the $arent e)o state b" pro#isin) to be )ood and b" pleadin) -or lenienc". (har)es ha+e '

not been pressed at this ti#e. probabl" because the +icti# o- the alle)ed cri#e /as in a -or)i+in) -ra#e o- #ind at the ti#e o- its co##ission. %ater in li-e. /hen the char)es are laid. the (hild is brou)ht to trial and sentenced to i#prison#ent. &t this late date the ori)inal char)e is pro+ed and the appropriate punish#ent ad#inistered b" the $arent. Ma+is /as thirt"=-our "ears o- a)e /hen 1 -irst sa/ her -or treat0 #ent o- a persistent depression. 3he reported that she had -elt depressed and hopeless e+er since the birth o- her son three "ears pre+iousl". This state had occasionall" been so se+ere that it necessitated hospitali6ation. 1n h"pnoanal"sis /e disco+ered that Ma+is /as -our "ears o- a)e /hen her brother /as born. 3he /as )enuinel" deli)hted b" this e+ent. -or a ne/ bab" /as /elco#e in the house and she lo+ed the child intensel". &t least she did until she be)an to reco)ni6e the unusual interest that her parents and her -a+orite )rand#other /ere takin) in the ne/ bab". 1t see#ed to her that the" /ere particularl" pleased that he /as a bo". ?e dre/ all othe attention o- the other -a#il" #e#bers. apparentl" because he /as a bo". 3he -elt ne)lected. -ri)htened and sad. Full" a/are that her brother /as the cause o- her hurt. one da" she screa#ed at hi#. 71 hate "ou: 1 hate "ou:; ?er #other heard her dischar)e o- an)er and ca#e to paci-" her. Ma+is detected the hurt in her #otherDs e"es and re)retted her outburst. Rather than punishin) her. #other picked her up and cuddled her. Ri)ht there and then Ma+is pro#ised that she /ould be )ood. 1n -ul-ill#ent othat pro#ise. she ne+er a)ain e2pressed the hurt that she still -elt. When Ma+is beca#e pre)nant -or the -irst ti#e. she desperatel" hoped that her bab" /ould be a )irl /ho /ould e#otionall" co#pensate her -or the sister she ne+er had and /ho /ould not be the ri+al that her brother had beco#e. ?er bab" /as a bo". ho/e+er. and Ma+is /as terribl" disappointed. 3he had so /anted a )irl. 3he suddenl" -elt intensel" )uilt" and be)an to punish hersel- -or the cri#e co##itted thirt" "ears earlier. 3he had been on bail all o- these "ears. but no/ she had been tried and -ound 0

)uilt" o- hurtin) her #other b" hatin) her brotherCor /as it her sonI Therap" helped Ma+is )i+e hersel- an unconditional pardon -or her natural ani#osit" to/ard her brother. 3he /as at last reall" -ree. 3he no lon)er needed to punish hersel- b" #eans o- depression.

n Probation
>2tenuatin) circu#stances #a" o-ten lead a court to be lenient /ith a con+icted cri#inal. 8nder such conditions he #a" be placed on probation. /hich #eans that althou)h he has broken the la/. he /ill not be i#prisoned so lon) as he continues to beha+e hi#sel-. Durin) a certain period. ho/e+er. he #ust re#ain under the super+ision o- an o--icer o- the court. a probation o--icer. 1n the court o- the #ind a si#ilar #echanis# #a" be set in #otion. ?o/e+er. the super+ision period is not usuall" li#ited and thus continues throu)hout li-e. The usual clinical picture is that oan indi+idual /ho in in-anc" e2perienced a trau#atic e#otional e+ent /hich has le-t a +er" stron) i#pression. ?e has dealt /ith this e2perience b" a #odi-ication o- his beha+iour /hich has enabled hi# to -eel sa-e. This is an illusionJ he is not trul" sa-e. ?e is #erel" on probation. 1 /as consulted b" a #iddle=a)ed ph"sician /ho# 1 /ill re-er to as Da+id. ?e /as -eelin) e2tre#el" depressed and did not kno/ /h". ?e related that he had applied -or an appoint#ent at a uni+ersit" since he had been assured that. because o- his particular e2pertise. his application /as likel" to be success-ul. 8n-ortunatel". this /as not to be the case. The uni+ersit" to /hich he had applied sent hi# a letter o- re)ret. e2plainin) that the" /ere not able to utili6e his particular talents. Da+id /as disappointed and surprised at the re-usal. ?o/e+er. he /as e+en #ore startled b" his e#otional reaction. 1n the throes oa pro-ound depression. he -elt that his li-e had no real #eanin)J he /as no )ood. 1ntellectuall". he kne/ that he /as a #an o)reat /orth. but he could not -eel this at all. >#barrassed b" -indin) hi#sel- constantl" in tears. he ca#e to #e /ith the hope that 1 could help hi# disco+er the cause o- his #elanchol". 1

1n h"pnoanal"sis /e soon disco+ered an i#portant earl" e2perience. &t his birth his #other had reBected hi#. 3he had not e+en /anted to look at hi#. This -indin) surprised hi# +er" #uch because consciousl" he had -elt that his #other had al/a"s been +er" proud o- his #an" achie+e#ents. ?e /as asha#ed o- the -act that he had not been #ore concerned about her durin) her li-eti#e and /as so little upset b" her death so#e -i+e "ears pre+iousl". ?"pnoanal"sis led hi# to a ne/ understandin) o- his #other. 3he had not been #arried to his -ather at the ti#e o- his birth and had probabl" -elt intensel" asha#ed o- her un#arried status. &s an in-ant. ho/e+er. he had onl" been a/are o- her reBection. not the co#ple2 reasons behind it. ?e no/ understood that he had responded to this reBection b" decidin) to e2cel so that one da" she /ould -ull" accept hi#. 8nconsciousl". ho/e+er. he had ne+er -elt that he deser+ed her acceptance. We unco+ered a -urther e2perience /hich contributed to Da+idDs sense o- un/orthiness. &t the a)e o- -our he en)a)ed in the )a#e o- 7#others and -athers; /ith a little )irl-riend. This is a ti#e honoured )a#e in /hich children disco+er Bust ho/ di--erent bo"s and )irls are. The" /ere disco+ered at a crucial point o- the )a#e b" the little )irlDs #other. The shocked tone o- her +oice /as re= echoed b" his o/n #otherDs a little later. and he concluded that he could ne+er be trul" re)arded as acceptable. 9ut he kne/ that he #ust continue to tr". 1n therap" Da+id /as able to understand /h" he had al/a"s been i#pelled to pro+e hi#sel-. and he also disco+ered /h" he ne+er see#ed to deri+e an" real satis-action -ro# his #an" triu#phs. ?is -ailure to obtain the post that he had ur)entl" desired suddenl" precipitated hi# back into the #aelstro# o- #aternal reBectionCand all o- the pain and deBection associated /ith it. 3o lon) as he had been success-ul. he had been able to re#ain outside the prison o- pain and sadness. but his -ailure si)nalled the re+ocation o- his probation. ?e /as i#prisoned. but /ith the help o- anal"tical h"pnotherap" he /as able to escape. Da+id is no/ trul" -ree. ?e -eels that he is no lon)er under a co#pellin) pressure to succeed and is pleased that he did not obtain the Bob that he had applied -or and had /anted so #uch. ?e has #o+ed into a related specialt" in /hich he is happier than he has e+er been. 2

!ini"u" Se#urity
,ot e+er"one in prison is closel" )uarded at all ti#es. 3o#e prisoners ha+e da" passes /hich allo/ the# to /ork in the -ree /orld. >ach e+enin). o- course. these prisoners #ust return to a li)htl" )uarded prison. but other/ise the" can consider the#sel+es -ree. 3o#e o- their -ello/ /orkers. in -act. #a" not kno/ that their #ates are prisoners. althou)h the" #a" be a/are that these -ello/s a+oid en)a)e#ents /hich /ould keep the# a/a" -ro# ho#e late in the e+enin)s. >#otional proble#s operate si#ilarl". For the +icti#s these proble#s do not intrude #uch into their li+es. &t certain ti#es. ho/e+er. the +icti#s are a/are o- di--iculties /hich do not appear to ha+e an" direct connection /ith their e2periences o- the #o#ent. The" ha+e had to return to prison. 3ara /as a /ell=educated. sel-=con-ident di+orcee in her earl" -orties. enBo"in) a success-ul career in Bournalis#. For so#e reason she occasionall" /ent on /hat she called -ood bin)es. When 1 sa/ her. she looked tri# and attracti+e. but she con-ided that she could put on se+eral pounds durin) these bin)es. The" -ri)htened her because at such ti#es she -elt <uite out o- control. e+en thou)h she usuall" prided hersel- upon her discipline and sel-=restraint. Durin) these bin)es she /ould eat e+er"thin) in si)ht until she /as literall" so -ull that she -elt ill. 3arah did not ad#it to ha+in) an" e#otional proble#s and could not understand /h" she should do this. 3he had been di+orced -or #ore than -i+e "ears and e2pressed no intention o- re#arr"in). althou)h she had #an" opportunities. ?er teena)e children /ere happ" and doin) /ell at school. 3he /as -ul-illed in her /ork and her Bob /as <uite secure. 3ara kne/ these episodes o- co#pulsi+e eatin) /ere i##inent /hen she e2perienced -eelin)s o- panic and depression. @nl" /hen she had )i+en /a" to the co#pulsion to o+ereat did her nor#al rela2ed. cheer-ul #ood return. 1n h"pnoanal"sis /e disco+ered that her apparent e#otional -ree0 do# /as an illusion. ?er #other had been e2tre#el" disappointed in )i+in) birth to a )irl. -or both parents had reall" /anted a bo". Durin) 3araDs childhood her -ather had e2pressed disinterest in F

her -e#inine acti+ities but /as supporti+e and )enerous /ith praise /hene+er she co#peted success-ull" in #ore #asculine pasti#es. 1n therap" 3ara reco)ni6ed that her -eelin)s o- panic and depression de+eloped /hene+er she allo/ed hersel- to beco#e in+ol+ed /ith a #an in a se2ual /a". 3he /as con-ined to a #ini#u# securit" prison -or the cri#e o- bein) a /o#an. 3he could allo/ hersel- the appearance o- total -reedo# so lon) as she did not beco#e e2cessi+el" -e#inine. ,o/ she reco)ni6ed that this restriction upon her -e#ininit" had been a #aBor -actor in the break=up o- her #arria)e. 3he had ne+er allo/ed hersel- to be se2uall" responsi+e to her husband. and this had resulted in their e+entual estran)e#ent. Throu)h h"pnoanal"sis she e+entuall" secured total -reedo# -ro# the prison o- reBection and sadness and /as able to enter into #ore #eanin)-ul relationships /ithout the need to o+ereat.

Death Senten#e
1n real li-e. /hen the death penalt" has been deli+ered -or a cri#e. the e2ecution is usuall" carried out <uite soon a-ter sentencin). althou)h occasionall" #an" "ears and nu#erous le)al /ran)les #a" precede its i#ple#entation. The prisoner re#ains in his prison cell /hile the le)al process )rinds on to/ards its ine+itable conclusion. Durin) the period o- /aitin) the prisoner #a" recei+e pri+ile)es nor#all" identi-ied /ith -reedo#. ?e can there-ore -oster the illusion o- -reedo# e+en thou)h he is under a sentence o- death. &t ti#es /e -ind a patient /ho is labourin) si#ilarl" under the sentence o- death. 3uch people beha+e as i- the" ha+e a death /ishJ their beha+iour is suicidal. The" #a" take enor#ous risks /ith their li+es. en)a)e in ph"sicall" dan)erous occupations. drink hea+il". or take hi)h doses o- dru)s. The" #a" see# incapable o#akin) a nor#al reco+er" -ro# a tri+ial illness. There are #an" si#ilar /a"s in /hich the death sentence #a" #ake itsel- kno/n prior to bein) carried out.

@ne /ould ha+e thou)ht that Jane co##anded all the #aterial ac<uisitions she needed to be per-ectl" happ". The en+" o- her -riends. she had her o/n house and a husband /ho /ould la" do/n his li-e -or her. The t/o "oun) children /ere health" and positi+el" beauti-ul. and she hersel- /as +er" attracti+e. &t thirt" she see#ed to lead a li-e o- content#entC"et she /as not happ". Jane /as o-ten e2tre#el" depressed. but she concealed this so /ell that -e/ o- her -riends could ha+e )uessed that an"thin) /as a#iss. &l/a"s s#ilin) and cheer-ul. Jane /as labourin) under a sentence o- death. Jane ca#e to see #e because she had )reat di--icult" sleepin). 3he /ould a/aken earl" in the #ornin) and could not )et back to sleep a)ain. no #atter /hat #anoeu+re she e#plo"ed. (onstantl" e2hausted both ph"sicall" and e#otionall". she /as i#patient in her dealin)s /ith her children and her husband. @nl" a-ter a prolon)ed discussion o- her sleepin) proble# did she re+eal the real reason -or her +isit. 3he -re<uentl" e2perienced the stron) -eelin) that she no lon)er /anted to li+e. 3ince her presence on earth #eant little to an"one. she /ould not be #issed i- she /ere to die. 3he e2plained that her #other=in=la/ enBo"ed a )ood relationship /ith the children and /ould be happ" to care -or the#. ?er husband /ould soon be besie)ed b" a #"riad o- /o#en ea)er to -ill her +acated shoes. ?er children. she la#ented. /ould soon -or)et her. 1 in<uired /hether she /ould /ant to sta" ali+e -or her o/n sake. 3he replied that she -ound li-e dull and unenBo"ableJ death /ould be a /elco#e release. 1 soon disco+ered that this stron) -eelin) o- /antin) to step o-- the ed)e o- the /orld /as an old one. &t one ti#e she had been stron)l" te#pted to thro/ hersel- o-- a hi)h buildin). &t another ti#e she took a lar)e <uantit" o- her #otherDs tran<uili6ers but #ana)ed to sleep the e--ects o-- /ithout #edical treat#ent. Jane ad#itted that she did enBo" li-e at ti#es. but a part o- her al/a"s re)arded thin)s c"nicall" and in a detached #anner. This part see#ed to conclude that the /hole business o- li+in) /as Bust a choreCa )i)antic /aste o- ti#e. &s Jane asserted repeatedl". 74ou are )oin) to die so#e da". so /h" /aste ti#e han)in) aroundI; 5

&lthou)h it /as clear that Jane had a stron) death /ish. it later also beca#e apparent that another part o- her /as intensel" a-raid that she #i)ht -ul-il this /ish. and -or this reason she /as seekin) #" help. Fortunatel". be-ore lon) /e /ere able to disco+er /h" the sentence o- death had been placed upon her. &t the a)e o- t/o her older brother. the onl" #ale child. had been killed in a car accident. Man" ti#es she had heard her #other sob. 7Dear Hod. /h" did it ha+e to be the bo"I; The #essa)e /as +er" clear to the t/o="ear=oldCHod had #ade a #istake: 1t should ha+e been Jane. not $eter. /ho died. This #essa)e had been rein0 -orced b" her #otherDs co#plete indi--erence to her and her sister durin) a prolon)ed period o- )rie-. When Jane understood her past. she /as able to )et the sentence o- death repealed and allo/ hersel- to enBo" li-e as she had a ri)ht to do. 3he slept co#-ortabl" and /as no lon)er depressed.

Chapter Nine Continued Im(risonment 'ailures of Thera()

&lthou)h anal"tical h"pnotherap" enBo"s a hi)h success rate. there are all too #an" -ailures. Man" o- our triu#phs. o- course. had pre+iousl" -ailed to respond to an" other therapeutic approach. but so had #an" o- our -ailures. 1n this chapter 1 /ould like to consider so#e reasons -or these -ailures because 1 belie+e that #uch can be learned -ro# the#.

$nade%uate Defense
&t a trial or an appeal the de-ense attorne" #ust be -ull" brie-ed on all the -acts o- the case i- his presentation is to be e--ecti+e. 3o#eti#es the prisoner has not re+ealed e+er"thin) that he kne/ about the e+ents o- /hich he stands accused. 1- cross=e2a#ination re+eals that the de-endant kne/ #ore than he ad#itted. his de-ense collapses. Further reopenin) o- the case al/a"s pro+es to be <uite di--icult. re<uirin) tre#endous ener)" on the part o- the ad+ocate. /ho #ust be con+inced o- his clientDs innocence. 1n the practice o- anal"tical h"pnotherap" the sa#e situation can occur. The (hild #ust locate the critical e2perience /hich brou)ht about the ori)inal cri#e and di+ul)e e+er" aspect o- the e+ent to the &dult. 1-. -or e2a#ple. the (hild has re+ealed that he -elt hurt durin) an e2perience but concealed the -act that he /as also +er" an)r" at his treat#ent. his ad+ocate. the &dult e)o state. #a" be able to persuade the $arent e)o state to accept the (hildDs -eelin)s o- hurt as nor#al. but the -eelin) o- an)er /ill still be reBected b" the $arent e)o state since this has not been dealt /ith b" the &dult. &s a conse<uence. i#prison#ent continues and therap" has -ailed. 8ntil the &dult kno/s about the -eelin) o- an)er and can ar)ue on behal- o- the (hild that this is a nor#al -eelin). not a cri#e. the !

$arent /ill continue /ith its ordained dut" o- restriction and repression o- the (hild. Failure to secure -reedo# can also occur /hen an i#portant critical e2perience is not re+ealed in h"pnosis so that the &dult has prepared no de-ense /hate+er to the char)es that are bein) #ade. 3usan initiall" ca#e to #e because she su--ered -ro# se+ere #i)raine headaches. The" usuall" be)an earl" in the #ornin) and /ould so#eti#es a/aken her -ro# sleep. We soon disco+ered a lon) -or)otten e2perience in /hich she had been se2uall" #olested b" a "oun) uncle o- /ho# she had been <uite -ond. We decided that the repressed an)er /as responsible -or her headaches because she i##ediatel" i#pro+ed /hen she /as able to e2press these -eelin)s. 3he /as deli)hted at this i##ediate i#pro+e#ent. but it /as inco#plete and. to so#e e2tent. short= li+ed. &-ter a #onth o- -reedo#. the headaches returned al#ost as se+erel" as be-ore. @n -urther e2a#ination /e disco+ered that she had kept back a +ital piece o- in-or#ation about the e2perience. 3he no/ recalled enBo"in) considerable pleasure durin) the se2ual e2perience and /as -eelin) )uilt" about her response. When she /as able to accept that pleasure as a nor#al and ine+itable response to se2ual sti#ulation and that she did not need to be asha#ed o- it. she e2perienced -urther relie- -ro# her headaches. When she le-t therap". 1 #ade it clear to her. as 1 do to all #" patients. that 1 /ould be happ" to see her a)ain at an" ti#e should the need arise. &bout a "ear later 3usan ca#e to +isit #e a)ain. ?er headaches had returned. 3he /as once a)ain bottlin) up her an)er and her /ar# -eelin)s. beha+in) as thou)h she had no ri)ht to her -eelin)s. 3he reco)ni6ed that her headaches /ere a conse<uence o- the repression o- these nor#al responses. &t this ti#e in #" career 1 /as be)innin) to reali6e the i#portance o- the birth and prenatal e2periences. 3ince 1 had not pre+iousl" e2plored these /ith 3usan. 1 no/ did so. and /e disco+ered that her birth e2perience /as critical. 3he had been the -ourth )irl in the -a#il". but her parents had been desperatel" hopin) -or a bo". &s she ree2perienced her birth. 3usan heard the doctor sa". 71tDs another )irl:; Whereupon her #other e2clai#ed in a disappointed +oice. 7@h. no. not another )irl:; To #ake #atters /orse. her '

-ather repeated these /ords in #uch the sa#e tone. There and then she reali6ed that she had done so#ethin) <uite un-or)i+able. Fro# the #o#ent o- her birth 3usan /as on probation. @nl" /hen 3usan had passed throu)h the second critical e2peri0 ence /as she -inall" con+icted o- the cri#e o- bein) a )irl. 1- she had not been a )irl. the #olestation /ould not ha+e occurred. The an)er and hurt o- this e2perience /as repressed. as /ere an" /ar# or lo+in) -eelin)s that she had e2perienced at the ti#e. ?er punish#ent /as #i)raine. 3usan /as no/ able to #obili6e all o- her &dult understandin) in the de-ense o- her (hild. 3he reco)ni6ed that no #atter ho/ disappointed her parents had been at her birth. she had not co##itted an" cri#e b" bein) born a )irl and that this. in an" case. had nothin) /hate+er to do /ith her uncleDs #altreat#ent oher. 3he reali6ed that she had reBected hersel- and her -e#ininit" and that #ost o- her headaches occurred /hene+er she /as cau)ht up in this sel-=reBection.

Fear of Freedo"
We kno/ that #an" cri#inals beco#e an2ious about their i#pendin) release to/ard the end o- their sentence. pri#aril" because the" are -aced /ith the +er" real proble# o- #aintainin) their social and econo#ic independence. The" understand that both o- these tasks /ill be di--icult. so#eti#es e+en insuperable. &n e2=prisoner #ust be capable o- a tre#endous a#ount oadBust#ent and adaptation. 1- he is not. he #a" return to a li-e ocri#e si#pl" to be a#on) -riends in a -a#iliar en+iron#ent. %i-e /ithout the# is too -ri)htenin)l" isolated and lonel". Most prisoners ha+e e2perienced -reedo# prior to the cri#e that led to their i#prison#ent. 1t is +er" rare -or a prisoner to ha+e been born in prison. but this is precisel" /hat has happened to #an" o- #" patients. The" ha+e ne+er kno/n /hat it is like to be -ree. %ibert" -or the# carries all the -ears o- the unkno/n and is thus #ore -ri)htenin) than an"thin) /hich prison has to o--er. & si)ni-icant nu#ber o- patients do not /ant to be -ree. 1nitiall" the" are +er" cooperati+e and appear to desire a cure. ?a+in) tried #an" therapies /ithout achie+in) an" de)ree o- success.

the" bla#e the therapies -or their -ailures and co#e to h"pnotherap" as a last resort. 1t soon beco#es apparent that the" -ear success /hen the" resist an" atte#pt to unco+er the critical e2perience. @r i- such unco+erin) has been success-ul. the" /ill /ithstand an" atte#pt to deal /ith it. e+en to the e2tent odiscontinuin) therap" on an" a+ailable prete2t. 3uch e2cuses as 71t /asnDt doin) an" )ood; or 71t /asnDt /hat 1 had e2pected.; are co##on. 1 ha+e co#e to respect a patientDs /ishes to re#ain in prison. ?e has the ri)ht to #ake this choice. and 1 no lon)er -eel that the techni<ues o- h"pnotherap" can be held responsible -or these -ailures. @- course. 1 hope that such people /ill e+entuall" chan)e their #inds and decide to tr" li-e on the outside. 1 ha+e al/a"s #ade it clear to these patients /hen 1 ha+e been able to reestablish co##unication /ith the# that 1 should be pleased to resu#e /ork /ith the# at an" ti#e. but -e/ ha+e accepted this o--er. The prospect o- -reedo# has been too -ri)htenin).

$nade%uate Rehabilitation
1n so#e cases our prisoners ha+e escaped -ro# their con-ines +er" success-ull" and are s"#pto# -ree. but the" are so ill= e<uipped to deal /ith proble#s i#posed b" -reedo# that the" relapse. The" ha+e returned to the onl" securit" the" ha+e kno/n. e+en thou)h this #eans relin<uishin) the -reedo# so recentl" ac<uired. The 7cure; has been short=li+edJ the therap" is re)arded as a -ailure. 1 can use Joan as an e2a#ple. &t -ort"=-i+e she /as an alcoholic. 3he had endured a +er" checkered li-e. to sa" the least. ?er parents had separated /hen she /as three "ears o- a)e. and she and her brothers had been split upCsent to -oster ho#es and. at one ti#e. an institution. When 1 #et Joan. her second #arria)e /as on the rocks lar)el" because o- her drinkin). /hich had created #an" proble#s -or her. includin) a serious dri+in) accident /hich had resulted in a prison sentence o- se+eral #onthsD duration. &t present she /as not takin) proper care ohersel- or o- her ho#e. 1t /as ob+ious at our -irst #eetin) that Joan /as a +er" disconsolate. cheerless person. 3he /as apolo)etic about 100

e+er"thin) that she said or did. al#ost as i- she /as apolo)i6in) -or sharin) the air /ith other people. When 1 asked Joan i- she liked hersel-. she ans/ered /ith an e#phatic 7,o.; 1 /ould ha+e been +er" surprised had she responded other/ise. Fortunatel". she /as able to enter h"pnosis <uite easil" and <uickl" located her -irst critical #o#ent in the birth e2perience. 3hortl" a-ter she /as born. she heard her #other sa". 71 donDt /ant his blood" kid:; 3he kne/ i##ediatel" that she had no business bein) born. This /as con-ir#ed later durin) another critical e2perience /hen she recalled hearin) her #other and -ather in a drunken bra/l -i)htin) o+er her. ?er -ather bello/ed. 73heDs not #" blood" kid:; and her #other replied. 71 /ish she /asnDt. 1 /ish 1Dd ne+er had her at all.; 3hortl" a-ter this episode she be)an to -eel +er" desolate and a-raid. as she /as bein) shipped o-- to a stran)e house and stran)e people -ollo/in) the -inal breakdo/n o- her parentsD #arria)e. 3he /as no/ certain oher cri#e. 3he should ne+er ha+e been born. 1ncapable o- e2pressin) the hurt to an"one. she e+en repressed it -ro# hersel-. 1n h"pnosis. ho/e+er. she /as able to )et in touch /ith this -eelin) -or the +er" -irst ti#e in her li-e. With encoura)e#ent she /as able to deal /ith it and relin<uish it as an outdated and unnecessar" -eelin). For a ti#e all /ent /ell. 3he stopped drinkin) the alcohol she actuall" disliked. took care o- hersel- and her ho#e. and be)an to like hersel-. 3he -elt so )ood that she decided to discontinue therap". For a ti#e she succeeded be"ond her /ildest drea#s. but suddenl" thin)s /ent /ron) and she turned once a)ain to alcohol -or support. 3he /as back in prison. When she returned to therap". /e asked oursel+es. /hat /ent /ron)I We soon disco+ered that she had not been read" -or the #an" accusations she had to endure. The /orst ca#e -ro# her /hen she had disco+ered that her o/n dau)hter /as hea+il" into dru) takin)C the direct result o- e#otional and ph"sical da#a)e in-licted b" #other (Joan) /hen she /as drunk. Fortunatel". it did not take Joan lon) to reco+er the stron) -eelin)s o- sel-=/orth that she needed to shoulder the -ull responsibilities -or all o- her actions. 3uch -eelin)s o- /orthiness #ust be /ell=established 101

be-ore rehabilitation can be re)arded as co#plete -or an"one /ho has been i#prisoned in the Bail o- the #ind. 1 a# pleased to report that Joan has e2perienced no -urther proble#s /ith alcohol and has been able to deal /ith #an" o- her proble#s /ithout losin) an" o- the sel-=respect and sel-= acceptance /hich is +ital to -reedo#. Those o- us /ho are /orkin) intensi+el" /ith anal"tical h"pno0 therap" are beco#in) increasin)l" a/are that it is ne+er su--icient #erel" to unco+er the critical e2periences. deal /ith the# and e2pect a per#anent cure. & lastin) cure can onl" be ensured ithere has been ade<uate rehabilitation.

Apparent Therapeuti# Failure

,ot all therapeutic -ailures are real. 1n -act. so#e o- the# are not -ailures at all. 1n certain cases the s"#pto#s -or /hich the patient attended therap" ha+e apparentl" not been eli#inated. but on close scrutin" the patient does indeed -eel entirel" -ree and has resol+ed the proble# underl"in) the presentin) s"#pto#. 1t /ould see# that the patient has #erel" altered his )oals. 1 ha+e o-ten seen this happen in cases o- obesit". &s h"pnoanal"sis proceeded. it beca#e +er" clear that the <uestion o- #ental -reedo#. not /ei)ht loss. /as central. When this -reedo# had been achie+ed. the obesit" beca#e a #ini#al concern. (o#pulsi+e eatin) and the co#pulsi+e need to diet ceased. 1 ha+e noted that these people ha+e -re<uentl" lost /ei)ht )raduall" o+er the ne2t -e/ "ears. The onl" /a" to Bud)e the true e--ecti+eness o- therap" is to ask the patient. are "ou no/ satis-ied /ith "oursel-I 1- the ans/er to this <uestion is an un<uali-ied 74es.; the treat#ent has been a success.

102

Chapter Ten The *e) nal)tical H)(nothera()

This book is not about h"pnosis. 1t concerns the use o- h"pnosis in a particular sphere o- hu#an e2perienceCe#otional distress and disorder. ?"pnosis has probabl" been praised and decried #ore than an" other #edical treat#ent since it /as -irst )i+en notoriet" b" Dr. &nton Mes#er under the na#e o- ani#al #a)netis#. Man" students o- h"pnosis ha+e clai#ed that the process /ill produce #ar+elous cures. /hereas others ha+e countered that h"pnosis si#pl" does not e2ist: 3o lon) as /e continue to seek -or a speci-ic state o- #ind /hich /e can con-identl" label h"pnosis. this con-usion /ill continue and the contro+ers" about /hat h"pnosis can achie+e /ill ra)e unabated. ?"pnosis cannot and should not be re)arded as a clearl" de-inable state si#ilar. -or e2a#ple. to anesthesia. We kno/ that /hen a speci-ic dose o- an anesthetic such as ether or chloro-or# is ad#inistered. certain predictable results occur. The patient beco#es dro/s" and e+entuall" loses consciousness. no lon)er capable o- respondin) to sti#ulation. 1- he is ad#inistered an o+erdose. he /ill die. >+er since deter#ined e--orts to de-ine h"pnosis ha+e been #ade. a )eneral understandin) o- it has been ha#pered b" atte#pts to dra/ parallels bet/een h"pnosis and anesthesia. This is un-ortunate since there is no si#ilarit" /hate+er bet/een the t/o. We still speak o- 7)oin) under; h"pnosis. e+en thou)h there is ne+er an" loss o- consciousness. ,o one )oes to sleep in h"pnosis. no #atter ho/ si#ilar the conditions #a" super-iciall" appear. Man" o- our di--iculties in understandin) h"pnosis ha+e arisen -ro# the use o- it as entertain#ent on the sta)e. in no+els and on tele+ision. When /e /itness a sta)e de#onstration o- h"pnosis. /e obser+e #an" pheno#ena /hich su))est that the h"pnotist is 10F

e2ertin) )reat po/ers o+er his subBect. ?e appears to be able to co##and his subBect to do an"thin) he /ishes. Man" no+els e#plo" this the#e o- the do#ination o- one person o+er another throu)h h"pnosis. We e+en use the /ord 7h"pnoti6ed; to indicate a state o- po/erlessness. 1n realit". these entertain#ents teach us little about the true nature o- h"pnosis. & person in h"pnosis taps the i##ense and lar)el" une2plored po/ers o- his o/n unconscious #ind. not those o- the #ind o- the person /ho ad#inistered a h"pnotic su))estion. 1ronicall". -e/ people ha+e reali6ed that this po/er resides /ithin the#sel+es. not /ithin the h"pnotist. 1n truth. all h"pnosis is sel-=h"pnosis. 3tran)e #"ths ha+e been e2ploited and enlar)ed b" the stor" teller and the sta)e h"pnotist. but the truth is -ar stran)er than the -iction. 1 hope in these pa)es to )i+e "ou so#e understandin) o- the real /onder o- h"pnosis. ?u#an bein)s ha+e achie+ed their do#inant status in the ani#al /orld b" de+elopin) the brain to enco#pass a -ar superior intelli0 )ence. Much o- the brain is anato#icall" and ph"siolo)icall" si#ilar to that o- lo/er ani#als. but the corte2 o- the brain is so hi)hl" de+eloped that it possesses rational <ualities un#atched b" an" #an#ade co#puter and unsurpassed b" an"thin) kno/n in the rest o- the ani#al kin)do#. This thinkin). critical brain has de+eloped -ro# a -ar less critical but ne+ertheless hi)hl" co#ple2 pri#iti+e ner+ous s"ste# /hose potential has ne+er -ull" been reali6ed. 1n h"pnosis the acti+it" o- this hi)hl" critical part o- the brain is so#e/hat suspended. ?"pnosis occurs naturall" durin) )reat stress or /hene+er the deepl" i#a)inati+e resources o- the unconscious #ind are called upon. This also happens /hen /e are in concentrated thou)ht. Whene+er /e turn to these hi)hl" i#a)inati+e parts o- the #ind and te#poraril" suspend the critical parts. /e are e#plo"in) the process o- h"pnosis. For so#e reason. at present not understood. -i+e to ten percent othe population can s/itch o-- their critical #ind co#pletel". These deepl" h"pnoti6able people. able to accept su))estions <uite uncriticall". are those /ho ha+e been the subBect o- e2ploitation -or entertain#ent purposes b" the sta)e h"pnotist. The" ha+e 10G

)i+en h"pnosis a reputation it reall" does not deser+e. 3uch people can readil" i#a)ine thin)s that are su))ested to the# so that /hen the sta)e h"pnotist tells the# the" are )oin) to sleep. the" si#ulate the act so /ell that the" belie+e the#sel+es to be asleep. ,inet" percent o- the population does not possess this re#arkable -acilit" to entirel" dis#iss the critical -acult". @nl" a s#all #inorit" o- deepl" h"pnoti6able subBects can s/itch o-- the conscious #ind so co#pletel" that the" do not recall /hat transpired durin) that period. Fortunatel" -or the h"pnotherapist and his patients. the #aBorit" o- people are able to reduce their conscious critical #ental acti+it" su--icientl" to allo/ the unconscious i#a)ination to -unction -reel". This enables su))estions to be accepted and acted upon. When the" are readil" accepted. /e re-er to the subBect as bein) su))estible. We #ust not con-use su))estibilit" /ith )ullibilit". The )ullible person e2ercises a poor and inade<uate critical -acult" at all ti#es. /hereas the su))estible person #a" ha+e an e2cellent critical -acult" but is able to dis#iss it to so#e de)ree /hen he so chooses. ?"pnosis is not a state but a process. 1t allo/s us to co##unicate ideas or su))estions to the inner and unconscious i#a)inati+e part o- the #ind. 9" stud"in) the abilit" o- the +er" hi)hl" i#a)inati+e people /ho can co#pletel" dis#iss the critical #ind. /e ha+e been able to learn #uch about the potential o- the unconscious i#a)ination. 1t can do #an" /onder-ul thin)s in controllin) the bod". For instance. it can accept the idea o- anesthesia and produce its e--ect in a desi)nated area o- the bod" as po/er-ull" as an" che#ical. When the unconscious #ind has accepted the idea opain relie-. it can readil" acco#plish this. The process oco##unicatin) the idea is h"pnosis. The co##unication o- an" acceptable idea. its unconscious acceptance and the subse<uent action is the process o- h"pnosis. 9" this #eans the tre#endous resources o- the unconscious #ind can be tapped. &t this point 1 /ould like to e2press #" belie- that 105

the )reat -uture ad+ances in #edicine /ill -ocus stron)l" upon the si)ni-icance o- h"pnosis. The unconscious #ind contains +ast and see#in)l" unli#ited resources -or healin) /hich are "et to be e2ploited. 1n this book /e are concerned /ith the abilit" o- the unconscious #ind to unco+er #e#ories o- e2periences /hich ha+e been recorded b" the brain but retained /ell belo/ the le+el o- ordinar" conscious #e#or". >+er" e2perience that /e under)o is -aith-ull" recorded so#e/here in the unconscious #ind. &n" techni<ue /hich per#its or -acilitates co##unication /ith the unconscious #ind is a techni<ue o- h"pnosis. We o-ten hear o- the #ar+elous #editation practices o- the Far >ast /hich enable the practitioners to control the heart rate. lo/er the bod" te#perature or sur+i+e so#e unusual ordeal. Transcendental #editation also enables people to -eel healthier and #ore at ease. &n" techni<ue /hich rela2es the conscious #ind su--icientl" /ill enable the unconscious #ind to e#plo" its resources in i#pro+in) #ental and ph"sical health. ?"pnotherapists e#plo" #an" di--erent #ethods to -acilitate this co##unication /ith the unconscious #ind. Whate+er techni<ue is used. the pri#e obBecti+e is to rela2 the conscious #ind so that it /ill not inter-ere /ith the natural responses o- the unconscious. The #ore in+ol+ed the subBect beco#es in the process orela2ation. the easier the responses to su))estion. 1t should be e#phasi6ed that so#e people ha+e )reat di--icult" in relin<uishin) +oluntar" control o- their #inds and cannot beco#e deepl" in+ol+ed in the h"pnotic process. The" #a" -eel that the" ha+e not been in-luenced b" su))estions in an" /a". 1t so#eti#es co#es as a surprise to these people that the unconscious #ind is takin) so#e heed o- the su))estions and e+entuall" #akes appropriate and e--ecti+e responses.

&ypnoanalysis
1 ha+e -ound that certain i#portant steps #ust be co#pleted -or e--ecti+e h"pnoanal"sis to occur.

10K

.- "ocation of the first critical e<perience @nce the appropriate co##unication has been established /ith the unconscious #ind. the -irst step is to disco+er the patientDs initial critical e2perience. The unconscious #ind #ust be directed to locate the +er" -irst e+ent /hich e+oked -eelin)s o- )uilt. sha#e or e#barrass#ent. $rior to the ad+ent o- h"pnotherap". this approach /as +irtuall" i#possible because the e2perience /as so rarel" accessible to the conscious #e#or". particularl" /hen the -irst critical e+ent /as natal or pre=natal. This earliest critical e2perience is usuall" associated /ith unco#0 -ortable -eelin)s. so#e o- /hich the patient #a" beco#e a/are o-or the -irst ti#e. @ccasionall" the e2perience is so disco#-ortin) that perception o- it is e2tre#el" li#ited. ?o/e+er. a -ri)htenin) or pain-ul -eelin) #ust be -aced /ith coura)e. The unconscious #ind has located this e2perience b" the si#ple process o- tracin) the unco#-ortable -eelin) to its source. The patient #a" or #a" not be able to deter#ine the details othis e2perience at a conscious le+el. &part -ro# satis-"in) his curiosit". his detailed conscious kno/led)e o- the actual circu#stances is not necessar" -or the ne2t essential step. 0- ,dentification of the repressed feeling When the critical e2perience has been located. the repressed e#otionsCsadness. an)er. -ear or a co#bination o- an" or all othese -eelin)sC/ill e#er)e. 3o#eti#es the -eelin) has all the intensit" o- the ori)inal e+ent. and it is +er" i#portant to allo/ an e2perience to -ull" release its associated -eelin)s. &n intense -eelin) reachin) conscious a/areness is called an abreaction since it is a reaction -ro# the ori)inal cause o- tension. -ree -ro# an" repressi+e action. 2- Acceptance of the repressed e+otion The ori)inall" repressed e#otion has been un-elt and has there0 -ore not been accepted. This ne2t i#portant step in therap" is the acceptance o- this repressed e#otion. 1- the patient has been able to e2perience the e#otion in its ori)inal intensit". he has also been able to ad#it it. 1t is an e#otion that is ri)ht-ull" his. and he need no lon)er be asha#ed o- it. This acceptance #arks an 10!

i#portant step -or/ard in the release -ro# prison. 9" acceptin) the e#otion. he has dealt /ith the )reatest -ear that underlies the )uilt -eelin)Cthe threat o- abandon#ent. Repressin) an e#otion does not cancel it. 1n -act. such a response /ill ensure that it persists lon) a-ter the need -or it has disappeared. 3- Recognition of the current irrelevance of the previously repressed e+otion ,o/ that the patient has been able to accept the e#otion. it is ti#e to deter#ine /hether there is an" -urther need to retain it. The e#otion is onl" necessar" i- it ser+es to protect hi# -ro# dan)er. 1n nearl" e+er" case the ori)inal dan)er has lon) since passed and the e#otion that has resulted is no lon)er re<uisite -or protection. The patient #ust appl" his ne/ understandin) to deter#ine /hether he still needs that e#otion. & stron) e--ort is necessar" to relin<uish an e#otion that has probabl" been acti+e -or #an" "ears belo/ the le+el o- consciousness. /- RelinBuishing the unnecessary e+otion Merel" decidin) that an e#otion is no lon)er necessar" #a" not be enou)h to dispel it. & ne/ solution #ust be de+eloped -or the proble# /hich /as ori)inall" dealt /ith b" the repression o- the unacceptable e#otion. This ne/ solution /ill +ar" /ith the proble# and the person dealin) /ith it. 8suall" certain -i2ed in)redients are a+ailable -or an" such solution. First. there is reco)nition that the proble# no lon) pro+okes -ear. The patient no/ has the resources to care -or and protect hi#sel-. 3econd. he #ust reco)ni6e that the ori)inal threat oabandon#ent /as probabl" ne+er likel". -or his parent cared #ore -or hi# than he had ori)inall" belie+ed. Third. he #ust understand that all hu#an bein)s ha+e a ri)ht to their -eelin)s so lon) as the" are properl" controlled. Finall". the patient #ust reco)ni6e that he had done nothin) in this particular critical e2perience to alienate hi#sel- per#anentl" -ro# other #e#bers o- the hu#an race. 10'

The patient al/a"s attains a pro-ound sense o- peace at this sta)e. When he has -ound a satis-actor" solution. he /ill de+elop a sense o- sel-=acceptance and /holeness /hich he had pre+iousl" lacked. ?e /ill be able to sa" that he is as )ood and as i#portant as an" other hu#an bein)Cand he /ill no/ -eel that this is true. 1- an" part o- the #ind has di--icult" acceptin) its essential 7@.5.= ness.; other critical e2periences #ust be subBected to h"pnoanal"sis. The" #ust be located and e2a#ined and the repressed e#otion reco)ni6ed. accepted and relin<uished. @nl" /hen all repressed e#otion has been -reed /ill the patient be -ree. This phase o- h"pnoanal"sis #ust be co#pleted /ith care and thorou)hness. 1n sta)e 1 throu)h h"pnosis /e ha+e initiall" #ade contact /ith all the #e#ories o- e+ents contained in the three e)o states. 1n sta)e 2 the (hild e)o state "ields repressed -eelin)s. &n" )uilt /e disco+er is caused b" the $arent e)o state. /hich re#inds the (hild e)o state that the e2pression o- certain e#otions #a" brin) about the real parentDs disappro+al. 1- the e#otion at the recollection o- this e2perience is intense. as in an abreaction. then the $arent e)o stateDs repressi+e -orces ha+e -ailed. The patientDs reali6ation that the disaster -orecast b" the $arent does not -ollo/ is therapeutic in per#anentl" -reein) the pre+iousl" repressed e#otion. 1n sta)e F indications that the repressed e#otion has no/ been accepted usuall" -ollo/ &dult inter+ention on the (hildDs behal-. pleadin) to the $arent that this e#otion is indeed per#issible. The &dult has been able to persuade the $arent that he need no lon)er pre+ent the (hild -ro# e2pressin) that -eelin). 1n sta)e G reco)nition o- the current irrele+ance o- the pre+iousl" repressed e#otion -ollo/s the &dult reasonin) /ith the (hild that thin)s ha+e no/ chan)ed. that he is )ro/n up. ?e can deal /ith the proble# in a #ore #ature #anner so that the particular e#otion /hich no lon)er ser+es a use-ul purpose can be discarded. 3ta)e 5 #a" re<uired all o- the in)enuit" o- the &dult e)o state to -ind a #eans to )i+e up an outdated e#otion. This sta)e is +er" i#portant. 10

Whate+er #eans the &dult e)o state -inds. it #ust be acceptable to both the $arent and the (hild and #ust be utili6ed b" the# be-ore the con-lict o+er this particular issue co#es to an end. &t this Buncture h"pnoanal"sis proper is also co#pleted. Throu)hout the h"pnoanal"tical procedure. the -unda#ental assu#ption #aintains that the &dult e)o state can -ind a solution underl"in) the $arentA(hild con-lict pro+ided it is )i+en su--icient in-or#ation. The h"pnotherapist #ust skil-ull" use these techni<ues to pr" such in-or#ation -ro# the unconscious #e#ories o- the $arent and the (hild. ?e #ust also persuade both the (hild and the $arent that the resolution o- their con-lict is in their #utual best interest.

110

Chapter Eleven The Prisoner

Psy#hoso"ati# disorders, Diseases of addi#tion, '"otional disorders
The prisoner in his cell spends lon) hours broodin) o+er his past and drea#in) about -reedo#. 9ut the )re" /alls and the prison bars brin) hi# back to realit" be-ore his -antasies a--ord hi# an" relie-. @nce he tried to escape. ?e laid elaborate sche#es -or eludin) the )uards and slippin) throu)h the door to -reedo#. but he /as unsuccess-ul. The )uards /ere not -ooled b" his ruses. and the chains that bound hi# /ithstood his assaults. ,o/ /ith all hope )one. his sentence see#s to stretch on endlessl" ahead o- hi#. 1- "ou -eel like this prisoner. "ou are -ull" a/are that the onl" /a" to lea+e prison -ore+er is to )ain a co#plete pardon. &ll other escapes pro+ide but a te#porar" release. & -ull pardon in+ol+es a reassess#ent o- the cri#e -or /hich "ou ha+e been i#prisoned. The e+idence -or con+iction #ust be reheard. and all o- the ar)u#ents a)ainst "our i#prison#ent #ust be +i)orousl" presented b" a /ell=in-or#ed ad+ocate. ?"pnotherap" is an e2cellent #eans b" /hich this #a" be acco#plished. 1- "ou are not certain /hether "our #ind is i#prisoned. care-ull" re+ie/ the case histories alread" described. $ersons /ho su--er -ro# ps"choso#atic disorders are i#prisoned. &n"one /ho is stricken b" ine2plicable an2ieties and depressions. phobias or an" o- the ph"sical disorders /hich are kno/n to ha+e an e#otional ori)in or co#ponent is also i#prisoned. Medical practitioners toda" ackno/led)e an i#portant e#otional co#ponent in the cause osuch illnesses as heart disease. arthritis. h"pertension and e+en cancer. 1t is -airl" ob+ious that an"one su--erin) -ro# a dru) addiction is i#prisoned. The addiction itsel- is an additional chain that restricts 111

and binds the su--erer. &n"one /ho is unable to -unction satis-ac0 toril" in nor#al. social or se2ual settin)s is a #ental prisoner. 1n each o- these circu#stances the #ind is i#prisoned b" an idea /hich cripples and pre+ents it -ro# -unctionin) -reel". 4ou #a" ha+e reco)ni6ed "oursel- in one o- these cate)ories. but perhaps "ou are still not sure. ?o/ can "ou deter#ine /hether or not "ou are i#prisonedI &sk "oursel-. 7Do 1 -eel -reeI &# 1 able to e2press #" -ull potentialI Do 1 -eel content /ith the person that 1 a#I Do 1 like #"sel-I; 1- "ou can ans/er 74es; to all o- these <uestions. "ou enBo" )reat -reedo#. 1 trust that this book /ill enable "ou to direct others /ho are not so -ortunate. 3hould "ou reco)ni6e "oursel- as a prisoner. ho/e+er. "ou need to act. The escapes that "ou ha+e read about ha+e been en)ineered /ith the aid o- h"pnosis. 1 belie+e that an"one /ho /ants to break -ree should seek the help o- a reputable h"pnotherapist. /ho /ill help hi# disco+er those e2periences /hich ha+e led hi# to lock up a part o- his -eelin) #ind so that he no/ -unctions /ell belo/ his potential. 8n-ortunatel". +er" -e/ people ha+e access to a skilled h"pno0 therapist or to an" therapist /ho can help the# in this /a". &ll is not lost. ho/e+er. 4ou can do a )reat deal -or "oursel- to locate "our prison and identi-" the #eans o- escape. 1n each o- us there is an i#partial part o- the personalit" /hich assesses in-or#ation and e2perience in a rational. non=Bud)#ental -ashion. @ur &dult e)o state is continuousl" )atherin) ne/ in-or#ation about the /orld /e li+e in. This e)o state reco)ni6es inconsistencies in our +ie/s and helps us to #ake intelli)ent. reasonable decisions. 3o#e o- the li-e decisions /e base our present +ie/s upon /ere #ade lon) be-ore this part o- us /as in possession o- the +ast a#ount o- in-or#ation it no/ possesses. Whene+er it is called upon to do so. our &dult can render an updated opinion on an old decision. 1t can al/a"s help us re+ise a decision that has resulted in #ental i#prison#ent.

112

Self:!orth

Do "ou -eel that "ou are as )ood and as i#portant as e+er" other hu#an bein)I 1- "ou are a #ental prisoner. "ou probabl" do not -eel that )ood. &t ti#es "ou #a" -eel like an intruder. an outsider Cno sense o- belon)in). no secure habitation. 4et "ou kno/ that this cannot be true. 4ou are a hu#an bein) ha+e as #uch ri)ht on this planet as an"one else. $erhaps lack so#e ph"sical attributes enBo"ed b" others. but "ou readil" see that all hu#an bein)s ha+e so#e i#per-ections. #a" not be as )i-ted as so#e o- "our -riends. but neither are as dull or unin-or#ed as others. and "ou can 4ou "ou

Despite the -act that "ou 7kno/; "ou are as )ood and as i#portant as others. "ou are unable to -eel that /a". Wh"I 9ecause "ou ha+e been i#prisoned -or a cri#e resultin) -ro# "our e2periences. and "our $arent e)o state is constantl" su##onin) up "our )uilt. /hich pre+ents "ou -ro# -eelin) as )ood as "ou ha+e a ri)ht to -eel. There is no den"in) that "ou once acted in a /a" that /as unacceptable to so#eone close to "ou. or "ou +ented a -eelin) that could not be ad#itted. 9ut /as that reall" a cri#eI >+en i- it /ere. #ust "ou continue to punish "oursel- a-ter these #an" "earsI Huilt ensues /hen "ou lock up a part o- "our #ind so e--ecti+el" that it cannot accept "our proper /orth. 4ou /ould like to heed "our &dult. /hich )i+es assurance that "ou are Bust as )ood as an"one else. but )uilt -eelin)s inter-ere. 8ntil "ou can -ind out /h" "ou still -eel )uilt". "ou cannot accept the liberated -eelin) obein) a /orth/hile hu#an bein). ?o/ can "ou reach the source o- the proble#I ?"pnosis can best help us obtain the in-or#ation /e seek. >+en li)ht h"pnosis is e2tre#el" e--ecti+e in this respect. and since ninet"=-i+e percent othe population can enter this state. h"pnoanal"tical techni<ues can be used /ith the #aBorit" o- #ental prisoners. 9e-ore /e e2a#ine ho/ to do this. ho/e+er. let us look #ore closel" at the -ace o- the prisoner. 11F

The *ace of the Prisoner

The troubled prisoner usuall" turns to a ph"sician or so#e other counselor -or help. 9ut the e#otional ele#ent o- his proble# #a" be so /ell concealed that it escapes the detection o- the #ost astute obser+er. The Psychoso+atic #isorders &ll ps"choso#atic disorders are b" de-inition the result o- #ental i#prison#ent. The list o- illnesses /hich can be ter#ed ps"choso#atic )ro/s lon)er e+er" da". 3uch disorders #as<uerade as purel" ph"sical illnesses but are directl" related to e#otional proble#s. &lthou)h all illnesses probabl" ha+e an e#otional co#ponent. this ele#ent is the precipitatin) -actor in ps"choso#atic illness.
%igraine and Tension Headaches

&lon) /ith tension headaches. #i)raine is the co##onest proble# -or /hich the help o- h"pnotherap" is sou)ht. Mi)raine is belie+ed to result -ro# the e--ects o- tension upon the blood +essels o- the head. This tension initiall" causes the +essels to contract. but rela2ation at a later ti#e allo/s the# to dilate. causin) the t"pical pain. When the #uscles o- the head. rather than the blood +essels. contract. tension headaches result. (on+entional therap" is restricted to ad#inisterin) rest or dru)s -or the relie- o- pain and tension. >r)ot and its deri+ati+es are used speci-icall" -or #i)raine because o- their abilit" to contract the pain-ull" dilated blood +essels. relie+in) the pressure -ro# tender ner+e endin)s in the head. 9" contrast. direct su))estion in h"pnosis sti#ulates the healin) po/ers o- the unconscious #ind. These po/ers can duplicate an" o- the use-ul e--ects o- dru)s /ithout causin) side e--ects. $h"sicians reco)ni6e that treatin) a #i)raine headache a-ter it has beco#e established is #uch like closin) the stable door a-ter the horse has bolted. The" atte#pt to pre+ent attacks b" counsellin) the patient to a+oid con-licts /hich create tension. or the" prescribe dru)s /hich keep the patient rela2ed. The anal"tical h"pnotherapist reco)ni6es that the tension /hich precipitates #i)raine is present -or a )ood reason. e+en thou)h that reason is 11G

probabl" out o- date and out o- step /ith the patientDs present adult li-e. The +icti# is una/are o- the e#otional trap in /hich he is i#prisoned. @nl" /hen he has unlocked his #ind can he be -ree -ro# the headaches. &ll anal"tical h"pnotherap" patients are tau)ht sel-=h"pnosis so that the" #a" use autosu))estion durin) an attack to relie+e pain. ?o/e+er. /e do not -eel that therap" is totall" success-ul until the #i)raine su--erer is co#pletel" -ree o- headaches. The patient can then use his sel-=h"pnosis to )et in touch /ith his o/n +ast uncon0 scious resources -or other use-ul purposes. Mi)raine su--erers are usuall" trapped in the prison o- an)er. The" stubbornl" retain old repressed an)er about /hich the" still -eel )uilt". Whene+er the" -ind the#sel+es in a situation in /hich the" e2perience nor#al hu#an an)er. it too is repressed /ith )uilt. The resultin) tension causes the initial contraction o- the blood +essels o- the head. and #i)raine naturall" -ollo/s. Rarel" do #i)raine su--erers reali6e the po+ert" o- their li+es until the" resol+e their tensions. 3uddenl" the" be)in to e2perience a Bo" in li+in) that the" had not pre+iousl" kno/n. includin) an in0 creased sense o- sel-=con-idence and /ell=bein).
Asth+a

&sth#a is )enerall" considered an aller)ic condition. The bronchial tubes o- the asth#atic. respondin) in an o+erl" sensiti+e #anner to substances in the air. contract so stron)l" on #eetin) these substances that the" block the su--ererDs -lo/ o- air. #akin) breathin) di--icult. The no2ious substance is e--ecti+el" kept out. but so is +ital o2")en. &sth#a is a classic e2a#ple o- a protecti+e response /hich has beco#e har#-ul. &lthou)h asth#a is considered to be pri#aril" o- aller)ic ori)in and thus #a" be controlled b" dru)s. 1 include it here because attacks o- asth#a can be precipitated b" purel" e#otional -actors. 1n -act. al#ost an" aller)ic response can be reproduced b" purel" e#otional -actors. and all aller)ic illnesses #a" be associated /ith a #ore or less si)ni-icant e#otional ele#ent. 8n-ortunatel". the asth#a su--erer is usuall" una/are o- the e2istence o- an" e#otional proble#. ?e is -re<uentl" #isled into 115

restrictin) his search -or the cause to aller)ic -actors /here -e/ or none reall" e2ist. When the si)ni-icance o- the e#otional -actors has been reco)0 ni6ed. doctors /arn patients to a+oid con-licts and prescribe sedati+es or tran<uili6ers. This approach is so#eti#es e--ecti+e but is rarel" co#pletel" satis-actor". &nal"tical h"pnotherap" enables the asth#a su--erer to locate the e#otional causes o- his asth#a so that he can deal /ith the# in an appropriate /a". Mean/hile. the asth#a su--erer can be tau)ht to use sel-=h"pnosis to control the spas# o- the bronchial tubes durin) attacks. The asth#atic is trapped in a prison o- pain and sadness. ?e is not allo/ed to -eel his hurt. ?e is unable to cr". -or his bronchial tubes are holdin) back his tears b" their contractions. &n" situation rese#blin) that in /hich he unconsciousl" -eels hurt or reBection #a" precipitate this repressi+e #echanis#.
Peptic &lcer

3to#ach and duodenal ulcers strike ner+ous indi+iduals. &ll o- us ha+e e2perienced 7butter-lies in the sto#ach;. and /e all ha+e been a/are o- tension in the abdo#en. 3o#e people /ill e+en +o#it or ha+e diarrhea /hen the" are e#otionall" disturbed. There-ore it is eas" to understand ho/ sto#ach ulcers occur in those /ho are constantl" tense. The usual therap" -or peptic ulcers consists in the ad#inistration o- #edicines and a diet /hich reduces the acid content o- the sto#ach. Tension=reducin) tran<uili6ers are also -re<uentl" ad#inistered. 8lcer su--erers are ad+ised to a+oid con-lict. Direct su))estion in h"pnosis can o-ten duplicate the acco#plish0 #ent o- dru)s. &nal"tical h"pnotherap" patients additionall" bene-it -ro# learnin) to use sel-=h"pnosis -or these e--ects. /hile si#ultaneousl" disco+erin) the source o- the tension responsible -or their sto#ach disorder. Most o- these patients are locked in the prison o- an)er.
Colitis

11K

There are #an" na#es -or the di--erent disturbances o- the bo/el in /hich recurrent diarrhea. constipation and abdo#inal pain are present. 3o#e o- these ha+e a de-inite or)anic basis. but the #aBorit" can properl" be considered ps"choso#atic. 3uch cases /ill probabl" respond te#poraril" to the rela2in) e--ect o- direct su))estion in h"pnosis. but success-ul h"pnoanal"sis /ill produce #ore per#anent results. When the patient is -reed -ro# his prisonClikel" one o- -earChe is once a)ain able to ha+e nor#al bo/el -unction /ithout disco#-ort and can dispense /ith the dru)s /hich ha+e pre+iousl" pla"ed such an i#portant part in his therap".
Cardiovascular #iseases

The )reatest killers in #odern ti#es are the cardio+ascular diseases. includin) diseases o- the heart and blood +essels. 3o#e o- these are due to in-ection or to so#e structural or con)enital de-or#it". but the #aBorit" are. at least in part. ps"choso#atic. & certain t"pe o- personalit". distin)uished b" his attitude to/ard li-e. is #ost susceptible to hi)h blood pressure and heart proble#s. ?e is likel" to be a hard dri+in). a#bitious indi+idual. ?i)h blood pressure. nor#all" occasioned b" e2tre#e tension. is ph"siolo)icall" achie+ed /hen the heart /orks e2tra hard and the blood +essels contract so that it is harder -or the blood to -lo/ throu)hout the bod". When increased blood. -lo/in) to certain or)ans. is ur)entl" re<uired -or e2tre#e ph"sical e2ertion. this is a nor#al response. but it is certainl" unnecessar" -or the business #an sittin) in his o--ice. &lthou)h he does not need raised blood pressure. his bod" /orks e2tra hard in direct response to the sa#e suppressed e#otion /hich #akes hi# a#bitious and intense. ?e is likel" to ha+e e2cessi+e cholesterol in his blood. /hich /ill cause his blood +essels to harden pre#aturel" and beco#e constricted. /ith a tendenc" to block up. 9locka)e o- the blood +essels in the heart /ill cause a heart attack. ?"pnosis can lo/er the blood pressure and slo/ the heart rate. 1t acts upon the ner+ous s"ste# throu)h its co##unication /ith the unconscious #ind. These e--ects. thou)h use-ul. tend to be 11!

te#porar" in the patient /ho is a candidate -or cardio+ascular disease. ?e #ust alter his attitude to/ards hi#sel- -or #ore per#anent results. 1n order to do this. he #ust -irst escape -ro# the prison in /hich he is trapped. The co##onest prison is that o- )uilt. 3uch a person does not -eel that he has the ri)ht to e2ist. ?e #ust constantl" pro+e that he should ha+e the pri+ile)e o- li-e. &nal"tical h"pnotherap" /ill help such a person to accept hi#seland allo/ hi# to rela2 and enBo" his e2istence as a nor#al hu#an bein). When he has acco#plished this. he can per#it his blood pressure to return to nor#al and his heart to slo/ do/n since the need to dri+e hi#sel- /ill ha+e +anished.
S'in #iseases

3o#e skin diseases result -ro# e2ternal irritation. 3cabies is caused b" a s#all parasite /hich in+ades the skin. (ertain aller)ic skin disorders are brou)ht about b" the skinDs o+ersensiti+it" to a #ild irritant. 1n #ost cases the patient a))ra+ates the da#a)e b" scratchin) the itch. @ther skin disorders are caused b" internal disturbances. These skin disorders are ps"choso#atic. and doctors usuall" treat the# /ith soothin) applications or tran<uili6ers. ?"pnotherap" /ill help these skin conditions /hen direct su))es0 tion is used. ?o/e+er. this approach /ill rarel" be per#anentl" e--ecti+e until the reasons -or the underl"in) tension ha+e been dealt /ith. ?"pnoanal"sis -re<uentl" enables skin disease su--erers to escape -ro# their prison o- an)er -ro# /hich their repressed hostilit" directed at the sel-. is usuall" e2pressed throu)h scratchin).
%enstrual Pro8le+s

Man" readers #a" be surprised that 1 ha+e listed #enstrual dis0 orders a#on) the ps"choso#atic diseases. but in a )reat nu#ber o- cases no or)anic cause can be -ound -or pain-ul conditions oirre)ular. e2cessi+e or absent #enstruation. 11'

?"pnosis can be used to correct these disorders b" the si#ple #ethod o- )i+in) direct su))estions. The i#pro+e#ent /ill be te#porar" /hen the underl"in) e#otional proble# persists. but anal"tical h"pnotherap" can resol+e these proble#s. /hich o-ten are due to sel-=reBection and incarceration in the prison o- )uilt.
Se<ual #ysfunction

1n /o#en se2ual d"s-unction includes -ri)idit". -ailure to achie+e an or)as# and pain durin) intercourse. The latter #i)ht be so se+ere as to cause a spas# o- the +a)ina. called +a)inis#us. /hich pre+ents nor#al se2ual intercourse. 1n #en se2ual d"s-unction includes -ailure to achie+e or #aintain an erection. pre#ature eBaculation or -ailure to eBaculate. &l#ost in+ariabl" se2ual d"s-unction is the result o- )uiltJ h"pno0 therap" o--ers the best hope o- release -ro# this prison. The Ha8it #isorders (o#pulsi+e beha+iour creates a )reat ran)e o- proble#s har#-ul to the indi+idual. 9ed/ettin). nail bitin) and thu#b suckin) are co#pulsi+e acti+ities /hich are not serious but beco#e the source o- disco#-ort. @ther habits pose a real health ha6ard. "et co#pulsi+es o-ten resist e+er" e--ort to end the#. >2cessi+e s#okin). dru) addiction and alcoholis# are the #ost co##on e2a#ples. Eicti#s #a" reco)ni6e the conse<uences o- their habits and "et be po/erless to -ore)o the#. -or the habit ser+es a purpose so +ital to unconscious e#otional needs that the attain#ent o- )ood ph"sical health re#ains secondar". 1 ha+e seen patients /hose s#okin) had caused se+ere heart disease. /hose alcoholis# had da#a)ed their li+ers. and /hose dru) takin) had brou)ht the# /ithin inches o- death persist in these habits in a co#pulsi+e #anner. Wh" should this be soI &ll o- these un-ortunate people are locked in a prison o- pain and sadness. ,ot per#itted to accept these repressed -eelin)s. the" can onl" e2perience the# at a deepl" unconscious le+el and keep the# -ro# consciousness b" #eans othe de+ices /hich -or# the bad habit. The" ha+e been conde#ned 11

to their habit as their #eans o- toleratin) li-e. e+en i- such beha+iour shortens li-e or renders it e2tre#el" unco#-ortable. 9" locatin) the critical e2periences causin) unconscious pain and sadness and b" allo/in) acceptance o- that pain. anal"tical h"pno0 therap" can per#it patients to escape to -reedo# -ro# their prison. The dru)s. the ci)arettes. the alcohol used to repress the pain are no lon)er re<uired.
8esity

@besit" is such an e2tre#el" co##on proble# that 1 a# treatin) it separatel". 1t #i2es -eatures o- a ps"choso#atic as /ell as a habit disorder. &s a )eneral ph"sician 1 ha+e treated #an" people -or obesit". usin) all kinds o- diet pro)ra#s. #edications. and e2hortations. 1 ha+e bullied. caBoled. used inBections and #ade direct h"pnotic su))estions. Man" patients ha+e initiall" lost /ei)ht <uite /ell. and so#e ha+e e+en reached their tar)et /ei)ht. but sad to sa". nearl" all o- the# re)ained their pre+ious /ei)ht and so#eti#es e+en #ore a-ter a "ear or t/o. 3ince 1 ha+e con-ined #" practice to a purel" h"pnoanal"tical approach. 1 ha+e -inall" reali6ed /h" the obese e2perience such di--icult" in losin) /ei)ht and sta"in) sli#. &l#ost e+er" obese patient is unconsciousl" a-raid to be sli# and is deliberatel" eatin) in order to re#ain -at: 3uch people #a" consciousl" sta" on a diet -or a /hile. but /hen the" start to lose /ei)ht. the -ear o- bein) thin beco#es so stron) that the" are i#pelled to eat and put the /ei)ht back on a)ain. &t a conscious le+el. o- course. the" are onl" a/are o- another -ailure. 3o lon) as this -ear o- beco#in) thin persists. the" are doo#ed to -ailure. Most obese people e2pect the h"pnotherapist to cure the# b" )i+in) their unconscious #ind a su))estion not to eat. 1n #" e2perience this approach has ne+er /orked. & post=h"pnotic su))estion o- this kind rarel" persists -or an" len)th o- ti#e si#pl" because it /ill not be acceptable to the unconscious #ind o- the obese patient until the -ear o- beco#in) sli# has been con-ronted. Wh" are the obese a-raid to beco#e sli#I The" ha+e learned to use their -at as a protection -ro# the dan)er o- e2pressin) a 120

-orbidden -eelin). Without the -at the" /ill be e2posed to the i#a)ined dan)ers that the re+ealed -eelin) /ill incur. The -at is the ph"sical e2pression o- the #ental /alls that i#prison the #ind. 1n a s#all proportion o- cases o- obesit" -ood is stron)l" associated /ith co#-ort and is used to assua)e unconscious -eelin)s o- reBection and depri+ation. 1n these cases such -eelin)s #ust be reco)ni6ed and relin<uished i- a success-ul reduction to a reasonable eatin) pattern is to be established. When the patient is -ree to -eel his pre+iousl" concealed e#otions. he no lon)er has the co#pulsion to o+ereat. &t the sa#e ti#e. he #a" lose the dri+in) need to shed /ei)ht /hich thre/ hi# into the seesa/ o- /ei)ht chan)es o+er the "ears. ?e /ill usuall" accept a ne/ and #ore sensible pattern o- eatin). )raduall" and perhaps i#perceptibl" losin) /ei)ht. @ne da" a sli##er indi+idual /ill reco)ni6e that he need not be an2ious about his dietin). The E+otional #isorders This third )roup o- prisoners is e2tre#el" i#portant. Depression. an2ieties. phobias and obsessions are so#e o- the e#otional disorders responsible -or an i##ense a#ount o- hu#an #iser".
#epressions

Those o- us /ho ha+e su--ered -ro# a deep depression kno/ ho/ trapped one -eels /ithin it. There see#s to be no escape. no hope. and no -uture. ,othin) see#s to be o- +alue or i#portance. and onl" a sense o- dut" keeps one )oin). For so#e +er" depressed people e+en this beco#es inade<uate to pro+ide the# /ith su--icient #oti+ation to carr" on. and thus the" e2perience a stron) te#ptation to drop out o- li-e alto)ether. The depressed patient is su--erin) -ro# a stron) parental reBec0 tion. ?e has probabl" atte#pted to e2cel and #a" ha+e succeeded. but /hene+er he -ails. he -inds hi#sel- -ace to -ace /ith his sel-=reBection and once a)ain belie+es that he has no ri)ht to be. ?e is bad. unlo+ed and unlo+able. ?e kne/ this in the be)innin). and despite all o- his e--orts. nothin) has chan)ed. &nal"tical h"pnotherap" )i+es the depressed patient the oppor0 tunit" to re=e2a#ine his ori)inal assu#ptions about hi#sel-. ?e has the chance to appl" to hi#sel- so#e o- the /isdo# that he 121

/ould o--er a collea)ue or a -riend. ?e can see hi#sel- as he reall" is and reco)ni6e the need to break out o- his burdenso#e prison -or )ood. ?"pnoanal"sis does this b" locatin) and dealin) /ith the parental reBection /hich lies at the source o- all depressions. When the depression su--erer is able to )et in touch /ith the real pain /hich his de-ences ha+e success-ull" concealed -ro# hi#. he is at last able to relin<uish it and accept hi#sel- despite his parentDs reBection. ?e is at last -ree.
An<iety

&ll o- us e2perience -ear at so#e ti#e. but the an2iet" su--erer is in an al#ost constant state o- -ear. ?e is /alled in b" his proble#. ?e /orries about e+er"thin)C"esterda". toda". to#orro/. Whate+er "ou can na#e he has /orried to death lon) a)o. This constant state o- an2iet" #a" be associated /ith speci-ic phobias /hich ha+e their o/n particular brand o- paral"6in) an2iet". The su--erer -ro# an2iet" is al/a"s tense and re-lects #an" o- the s"#pto#s that are popularl" associated /ith tension. ?e /ill o-ten respond surprisin)l" /ell to direct su))estions -or rela2ation )i+en in h"pnosis. /hich attests to the po/er o- the unconscious #ind. 3uch relie- is usuall" short=li+ed. ho/e+er. unless the true cause o- the an2iet" is disco+ered and dealt /ith per#anentl". The +icti# o- an2iet" is ob+iousl" li+in) in a prison o- -earCin dread o- -ear itsel-. When he is brou)ht -ace to -ace /ith the true cause o- his -ear. his #ind is capable o- handlin) the pressure once he has allo/ed hi#sel- to be reall" a-raid. ?e no/ reco)ni6es that he has a ri)ht to be a-raidCas /ell as a ri)ht to relin<uish that -ear once it has ser+ed its purpose. &t last he can accept the idea that he no lon)er needs it. 1t is outdated and totall" irrele+ant to the present.
Pho8ias

Most o- those /ho su--er -ro# a phobia do not talk about it. &sha#ed o- their proble#. the" dread the possibilit" o- ha+in) their /eakness e2posed in public. The" #a" -ear ele+ators. airplanes. certain ani#als. spaces. hei)hts. etc. The list )oes on and on. ?o/ did it ori)inateI

122

Most probabl" an e2tre#el" -ri)htenin) e2perience happened /hich #ade the patient -eel +er" )uilt"Cso )uilt" that he /as no lon)er able to -eel his -ear. (ertain e+ents precipitate his -ear in the #ost intense #anner. "et the intensit" o- the phobia pre+ents hi# -ro# kno/in) and -eelin) the ori)inal -ear about /hich he e20 periences so #uch )uilt. &lthou)h the phobic +icti# is e2tre#el" a-raid. he is ne+er consciousl" a/are o- his ori)inal -ear. /hich is repressed b" )uilt and the phobia. 1n h"pnoanal"sis he can unco+er the critical e2periences and the )uilt associated /ith the#. When the phobia is no lon)er necessar". the subBect /ill kno/ his true -ear and no lon)er -eel )uilt" about it.
8sessions

@bsessi+e or co#pulsi+e beha+iour is a)ain a protecti+e de+ice to repress the kno/led)e o- so#ethin) about /hich the patient -eels )uilt". @nce he can let hi#sel- kno/ about it. he can #ake pro)ress to/ards not -eelin) )uilt" and e+entuall" control his co#pulsi+e beha+iour. Much o- our discussion o- the di--erent proble#s that a h"pno0 therapist sees in his practice #a" #ake the solution appear +er" si#ple. 1n realit". solutions are o-ten si#ple. The )reatest di--icult" lies in disco+erin) the solution and kno/in) ho/ to appl" it.

12F

12G

Chapter Twelve Manufacturin% the *e) Self$H)(nosis

&lthou)h one can #ore easil" learn h"pnosis -ro# an e2pert rather than -ro# the #ute pa)es o- a book. it is unlikel" that #ore than a s#all proportion o- the readers o- this book /ill ha+e read" access to such an e2pert. 1 a# there-ore )oin) to detail a procedure /hich 1 ha+e -ound success-ul in enablin) #ost people to reach a li)ht or #ediu# sta)e o- h"pnosis ade<uate -or the anal"tical procedures /hich -ollo/. Physical Rela<ation The -irst step is to brin) "ou to a state o- co#plete ph"sical rela2ation. 3o#e people /ill -ind this eas" to acco#plish /hile others need to practice repeatedl". Do not beco#e discoura)ed i"ou do not i##ediatel" succeed. 3eat "oursel- in a co#-ortable chair at a ti#e /hen "ou /ill be undisturbed -or a /hileCat least a hal- hour. 1t is reall" i#portant that "ou are ph"sicall" co#-ortable and that nothin) is )oin) on /hich /ill distract "ou -ro# de+otin) "our #a2i#u# attention to sel-=h"pnosis.
CaA #eep )reathing

When "ou are co#-ortable. take a lon). +er" deep breath. hold it -or a -e/ seconds. and then let it out +er" slo/l". 1- "ou are. or ha+e been. a s#oker. "ou /ill probabl" reco)ni6e that this is e2actl" /hat "ou do /hen "ou are tense and inhale on a ci)arette. 4ou #a" be surprised to -ind that this deep breath is Bust as rela2in) /ithout tobacco s#oke. Repeat the lon). deep breath. hold it. and then let it out slo/l". &s "ou do. allo/ "our /hole bod" to sink deepl" into the chair until 125

"ou -eel literall" )lued to the chair b" "our /ei)ht. &lread" "ou /ill ha+e achie+ed a )reat deal o- ph"sical rela2ation. ,o/ take a third lon). deep breath and -eel that rela2ation spreadin) to e+er" area o- "our bod". 1- "our e"es are not alread" shut. then let the# close as "our breath -lo/s -ro# "our chest. >nBo" this beauti-ul rela2ation -or a -e/ #o#ents.
C8A Eyelid Rela<ation

When "ou are read". turn "our attention to "our e"elids and concentrate on the -eelin) in the#. The" #a" alread" be so hea+" and rela2ed that "ou do not /ant to open the#. 1#a)ine that the" are so hea+" that the" /ill not open. Tr" to re#e#ber the -eelin) "our e"es ha+e /hen so#eone /ants to a/aken "ou -ro# a lo+el". deep sleep. The" no/ -eel so hea+" that the" si#pl" do not /ant to open. Wait until "ou are certain that the" are so rela2ed that the" cannot open be-ore "ou test the#. 4ou /ill -ind that "ou ha+e used "our i#a)ination so /ell that the" /ill re#ain closed until "ou direct the# other/ise. @nce "ou ha+e tested "our e"es and ha+e -ound that the" /ill not open. "ou kno/ that "our unconscious i#a)ination has taken char)e and "ou ha+e allo/ed "our conscious #ind to relin<uish its usual control.
CcA )ody Rela<ation

The ne2t step is to spread that rela2ation in "our e"es and e"elids all the /a" throu)h "our bod" Bust like a blanket o- rela2ation -ro# the top o- "our head do/n to the tips o- "our toes. 4ou can co#pletel" rela2 "our entire bod". ,one o- the #uscles /ill ha+e an" desire to #o+e at all. >nBo" that beauti-ul rela2ation -or as lon) as "ou /ish. &t -irst "ou #a" -ind that one or t/o #inutes /ill be su--icient. &t the end o- this period tell "oursel- that /hen "ou count silentl" and slo/l" -ro# one to -i+e. "our i#a)ination /ill allo/ "our e"es to open /hen "ou reach -i+e and that /hen the" do. "ou /ill -eel reall" )reatC better than "ou ha+e -elt -or a lon) ti#e. Then count to -i+e silentl"J "our e"es /ill open and "ou /ill -eel +er" )ood. Do not pro)ress be"ond this sta)e until "ou ha+e practiced it se+eral ti#es and -eel pro-icient at it. >+en i- "ou ne+er pro)ress 12K

be"ond this sta)e. "ou /ill ha+e learned ho/ to rela2 "our bod" <uickl" and easil". This de)ree o- rela2ation can be used to relie+e the #inor tensions and an2ieties /hich are -re<uentl" associated /ith all kinds o- stress-ul circu#stances. 4ou /ill ne+er re)ret ha+in) learned this rela2ation techni<ue. 1t is the -irst essential step in #odern h"pnosis. 1- "ou e2perience an" di--icult" in persuadin) "our e"es to sta" closed. i#a)ine that the" are /ei)hed do/n b" hea+" lead shuttersCso hea+" that the" si#pl" cannot be li-ted. 4ou #i)ht -ind it help-ul to i#a)ine that a la"er o- )lue bet/een the lids has stuck the# -ir#l" to)ether. Re#e#ber. "ou ha+e a responsi+e unconscious i#a)ination. 1- all else -ails. pretend that the e"elids cannot openJ so lon) as "ou keep up this pretence. the" /ill re#ain closed. 1n this si#ple e2ercise "ou ha+e a#pl" de#onstrated that "our unconscious #ind and i#a)ination can be )i+en control o- "our bod" and that it can be asked to return that control on short notice. 9" rela2in) conscious control. "ou ha+e #ade a bi) step -or/ard to -reein) "our unconscious i#a)ination. %ental Rela<ation @nl" /hen "ou are certain that "ou ha+e #astered the -irst step oph"sical rela2ation and can produce it at /ill should "ou proceed to the second sta)e o- sel-=h"pnosis. #ental rela2ation. Whether the -irst sta)e has taken "ou se+eral #inutes or se+eral da"s to #aster does not #atter. 4ou /ill onl" bene-it -ro# the second sta)e /hen "ou ha+e #astered the -irst. so do not act in haste. When "ou return once a)ain to the ph"sicall" rela2ed sta)e. "ou /ill be read" to enter the second sta)eCrela2ation o- the #ind /hich /ill co#ple#ent the tran<uillit" o- the bod". 1#a)ine "oursel- lookin) at a blackboard on /hich all o- the nu#bers -ro# -i-t" do/n to one are /ritten. When "ou can i#a)ine the# clearl". rub the nu#ber -i-t" o-- the blackboard so co#pletel" that it has )one co#pletel" out o- "our #ind. $roceed to the ne2t nu#ber. >rase that -ro# "our i#a)inar" blackboard be-ore continuin). #akin) sure that it too has +anished -ro# "our #ind and has co#pletel" disappeared. (ontinue /ith this process. erasin) all the nu#bers co#pletel". 12!

Durin) the process "ou /ill -ind that "ou are beco#in) #ore rela2ed #entall" as each nu#ber -ades. 4ou /ill soon -eel so #entall" tired that "ou /ill /ant to erase all o- the re#ainin) nu#bers o-- the blackboard at once. ,o/ "ou ha+e a co#pletel" blank blackboard and a +er" rela2ed #indCso rela2ed that "ou are read" -or the third sta)e. /hich /ill use "our i#a)ination to its -ull capacit". 9rin) the nu#bers back and count silentl" -ro# one to -i+e as be-oreJ "ou /ill be /ide a/ake. -eelin) e+en better than "ou did pre+iousl". 9e-ore "ou proceed to the third sta)e. practice /hat "ou ha+e alread" learned at least three ti#es so that "ou can produce #ental rela2ation as o-ten as "ou /ish. ,+agery 1n the third sta)e. the production o- i#a)er". "ou /ill recei+e an indication o- "our abilit" to use sel-=h"pnosis. 1n this sta)e su))estions are accepted b" the i#a)ination. The positi+e su))estions that "ou /ill learn to )i+e "oursel- /ill recei+e #a2i#u# unconscious attention. Return once a)ain to sta)e t/o. When "ou ha+e #ade "our #ind totall" blank. picture "oursel- in a pleasant place doin) so#ethin) that "ou reall" like. 1- "ou ha+e chosen a /aterside scene. see the /ater clearl". ,ote /hether it is s#ooth or /a+". 1- it is /a+". hear the sounds o- the /a+es. /hether <uiet or rather loud. 1- the sun is shinin). -eel the /ar#th o- the sun. 1- it )ets too hot. -eel "oursel- #o+e into the shade. 3ince it is "our picture. be totall" co#-ortable in it. %ook aroundJ i- an"one else is there. note /hat the" are doin). $a" attention to e+er" sound. -eelin) or s#ell that "ou notice. >nBo" it. @nce a)ain. /hen "ou ha+e re+elled in the scene as #uch as "ou need to. count back -ro# one to -i+e and "ou /ill be /ide a/ake but perhaps a#a6ed at the +i+idness o- all "ou ha+e seen and e2perienced. 4ou ha+e no/ learned all that "ou need to kno/ about enterin) sel-=h"pnosis. 4ou /ill )ain )reat bene-it b" )i+in) "ourselpositi+e su))estions /hen "ou are in this rela2ed state. Tell "oursel- that "ou /ill -eel cheer-ul. rela2ed. sel-=con-ident and ener)etic /hen "ou a/aken. 4ou /ill soon be surprised ho/ e--ecti+e these su))estions pro+e to be. This -eature has been kno/n -or centuries and used in #an" )uises. 1t is e--ecti+e 12'

because "our unconscious #ind is listenin) care-ull" in h"pnosis. acceptin) su))estions and actin) upon the#. This third sta)e o- this pro)ra# o- sel- h"pnosis is probabl" the #ost po/er-ul. 1t is also the sta)e in /hich post h"pnotic su))estions are #ost likel" to be e--ecti+e. 4ou are there-ore to be encoura)ed to practice until "ou are pro-icient at reachin) and usin) this sta)e o- sel- h"pnosis. Much o- the histor" o- the success o- h"pnosis has been due to the e--ecti+eness o- su))estions )i+en in this hi)hl" recepti+e sta)e ounconscious i#a)er". 9" incorporatin) i#a)es o- the person that "ou /ould /ish to beco#e and i#a)inin) "oursel- beha+in) in a positi+e #anner in situations in /hich "ou /ere pre+iousl" ne)ati+e. these i#a)es /ill ha+e a potent posth"pnotic e--ect /hose po/er /ill so#eti#es surprise "ou. For e2a#ple should "ou ha+e a proble# /ith o+ereatin). b" si#pl" +isuali6in) "oursel- as sli# and seein) "oursel- bein) satis-ied b" non=-attenin) -oods /ill ha+e a stron) posth"pnotic e--ect. (ertainl" su))estions o- /ellbein). con-idence. rela2ation and -reedo# -ro# disco#-ort can al/a"s be e#phasi6ed b" appropriate i#a)er" in+ol+in) these su))estions. 1t #a" /ell be that this li#ited use o- sel- h"pnosis /ill #eet all o"our present therapeutic needs and that anal"sis is not re<uired in "our case. ,e+ertheless 1 /ould ur)e "ou not to -or)o the e)o stren)thenin) and asserti+eness trainin) pro)ra#s detailed at the end o- the -ollo/in) chapter on sel- anal"sis. 1- "ou are a prisoner o- the #ind. it is hi)hl" probable that these su))estions /ill not be as e--ecti+e as the" could be. The" #a" onl" be te#poraril" success-ul because a part o- "our unconscious #ind reBects the#. This is /h" h"pnotherap" usin) onl" direct su))estion is less e--ecti+e than anal"tical h"pnotherap". /hich is directed at re#o+in) an" obBection to the acceptance o- a direct su))estion. 1- "ou are not a prisoner o- the #ind. "ou /ill be able to adopt an" o- the positi+e su))estions that "ou choose to )i+e "oursel-. >2peri#ent /ith the si#ple su))estions 1 ha+e alread" outlined be-ore pro)ressin) to #ore co#ple2 ones. such as those -or the relie- o- pain and the de+elop#ent o- anaesthesia. 12

1 a# concerned here /ith the prisoner o- the #ind and his need to be -ree. 1n the ne2t chapter 1 /ill e2a#ine sel-=h"pnosis as a channel o- co##unication /ith the unconscious #ind. 9" "oursel"ou can turn the ke" in the lock o- "our prison and -ree "oursel-ro# the bonds o- )uilt.

1F0

Chapter Thirteen Turnin% the *e) +ourself

4ou ha+e learned to rela2 "our conscious #ind su--icientl" to allo/ use-ul su))estions to reach "our unconscious #ind. 4ou ha+e put its )reat resources to /ork in translatin) thou)ht into action. practicin) until "ou ha+e beco#e pro-icient. ,o/ "ou are read" -or the #ost i#portant sta)eCsel-=anal"sis. usin) h"pnosis. Esta8lishing &nconscious Signalling 1n order to locate unconscious #e#ories as an anal"tical h"pno0 therapist /ould. "ou /ill need to establish a si)nalin) s"ste# /hich "our unconscious #ind can use in order to co##unicate /ith "ou at a conscious le+el. We kno/ that unconscious #o+e#ents are related to unconscious ideas. 1- /e can set up an unconscious #o+e#ent /hich indicates the unconscious idea 7"es.; and another /hich si)nals the unconscious idea 7no.; /e /ill establish an e2cellent channel o- co##unication. The procedure -or establishin) this si)nalin) is si#ple but re<uires a little patience. Read the -ollo/in) instructions se+eral ti#es care-ull" be-ore atte#ptin) to carr" the# out. Return once a)ain to the deep rela2ed state in /hich "ou /ere able to blank "our #ind and accept i#a)es. Then start to think 7"es.; 7"es.; 7"es; o+er and o+er a)ain until "ou -eel the need to let "our head nod in a)ree#ent. When this happens. ask "our inner #ind to raise one o- "our -in)ers on "our do#inant hand as a si)nal -or 7"es.; 4ou #a" ha+e to /ait -or this to occur. but #ean/hile continue to think 7"es; repeatedl". >+entuall" one othe -in)ers on "our do#inant hand /ill be)in to -eel li)ht and /ill slo/l" Berk up/ard as "our unconscious #ind allo/s the idea o7"es; to -lo/ into it. ,ote /hich -in)er that is. because -ro# no/ on "ou /ill think o- it as "our 7"es; -in)er. Repeat this process. but this ti#e think 7no; continuousl" until "our head be)ins to -eel like shakin) 7no; and another -in)er on 1F1

the sa#e hand be)ins to -eel li)ht and li-ts. This is "our 7no; -in)er. Make a #ental note o- it. &t ti#es "ou #a" ask "our unconscious #ind a <uestion. but -or reasons o- its o/n it does not /ant to ans/er. 4ou need a si)nal to let "ou kno/ this. Repeat the abo+e process once a)ain. but this ti#e keep thinkin). 71 donDt /ant to ans/er.; 71 donDt /ant to ans/er.; Mean/hile ask "our unconscious #ind to select another -in)er. 4ou ha+e no/ established "our si)nalin) s"ste# and are read" -or anal"sis. &sing the Signals ,o/ that "our unconscious #ind possesses a set o- si)nals /hich it can use to respond to "our <uestions. "ou can obtain ad#ittance to in-or#ation /hich had pre+iousl" been inaccessible to "ou at a conscious le+el. >ach ti#e "ou /ish to <uestion "our unconscious #ind. return to the rela2ed state. First. ask "our unconscious #ind so#e )eneral <uestions in order to )et used to this si)nalin) s"ste#. 4our -irst <uestion should be. 71s it all ri)ht -or #e to ask <uestions about #" proble#I; 1n #ost cases the ans/er /ill be 7"es.; and "ou ha+e #ade a )ood start to/ard anal"sis. ?o/e+er. i- the ans/er is 7no.; "ou ha+e a proble#. &sk the <uestion a)ain to #ake sure. 1- the ans/er is still 7no.; "ou /ill not secure the cooperation o- "our unconscious #ind on "our o/n and /ill ha+e to seek the aid o- a h"pnotherapist. %et us assu#e that "ou )ain an a--ir#ati+e ans/er to the <uestion. 71s it all ri)ht to ask <uestionsI; $roceed to the ne2t <uestion. /hich /ill establish -urther unconscious cooperation. $ick the s"#pto# /hich concerns "ou #ost and ask. 71s #" s"#pto# due to an e#otional proble#I; &)ain "ou should )et a 7"es; ans/er be-ore proceedin). ,e2t in<uire. 71s it all ri)ht -or #e to kno/ the cause o- this e#otional proble#I; &/ait a positi+e response be-ore proceedin). 4ou are no/ read" -or the -irst step in sel-=anal"sis usin) h"pnosis. &llo/ "oursel- a -ull hour -or this process. 4ou #a" not need it. but since "ou /ill not kno/ be-orehand. it is best to pro+ide plent" o- ti#e. 1F2

SE"*:ANA"(S,S
.- The "ocation of the Critical E<perience

The -irst sta)e in an" anal"sis is the identi-ication o- the critical e2perience durin) /hich the crisis responsible -or the e#otional proble# occurred. This is the ti#e at /hich the cri#e liable -or the i#prison#ent /as co##itted. 1t is the e2perience /hich #ade "ou -eel )uilt". producin) the constraints /hich ha+e bound "ou e+er since. 1t is i#portant that "ou -ollo/ these directions in -aith-ul detail in order to be co#pletel" success-ul. 9ut it is not necessar" to co#plete the /hole sta)e at an" one ti#e. a) The re+ie/ o- all unconscious tensionsN &sk "our unconscious #ind to re+ie/ all o- "our old. outdated unconscious tensions and to indicate /hen this has been acco#plished b" li-tin) the 7"es; -in)er. b) %ocation o- the earliest tensionN &sk "our unconscious #ind to deter#ine the earliest o- these tensions and to indicate /hen this has been acco#plished b" once a)ain raisin) the 7"es; -in)er. c) Re+ie/ o- the earliest tensionN &sk "our unconscious #ind to re+ie/ this earliest tension and the e2perience responsible -or it in co#plete detail and to let "ou kno/ /hen this has been done b" raisin) the 7"es; -in)er. d) >le+ation o- the unconscious #e#or" to consciousnessN First oall. ask "our unconscious #ind i- it is all ri)ht -or "ou to kno/ about the e2perience /hich is responsible -or "our proble# and. iso. to indicate b" a 7"es; si)nal. 1- "ou recei+e an a--ir#ati+e response. direct "our unconscious #ind to brin) the #e#or" othis e2perience to a le+el /here "ou can re#e#ber it consciousl". &t this sta)e o- the anal"sis "ou #a" /ell be)in to -eel unusual e#otions /hich are o-ten unclear at -irst. The" /ill later a#al)a#ate into a speci-ic -eelin) /hich is likel" to be <uite unco#-ortable. The e2perience causin) this -eelin) /ill at -irst be -ra)#entar" but /ill soon beco#e #ore clearl" de-ined. The -eelin)s that acco#pan" it #a" be those o- desolation. sadness. 1FF

an)er or -ear. Whate+er the -eelin)s #a" be. do not "ield to the te#ptation to block the# o--. With perse+erance "ou /ill e+entuall" kno/ all o- the e2perience /hich has been responsible -or the -eelin)s. 1- this does not occur and the critical circu#stance still re#ains hidden. repeat the abo+e steps as described. 1n #" e2perience the unco+erin) o- the pre+iousl" repressed e#otion #a" in itsel- be -ollo/ed b" intense relie-. 3hould this be so. it is because "ou ha+e unconsciousl" pro)ressed throu)h the sta)es o- acceptance o- the -orbidden and repressed e#otion to the sta)e o- discardin) it. 4ou #a" ha+e e+en resol+ed the proble# ori)inall" causin) it. 1n an" case. the succeedin) steps should be -ollo/ed in strict se<uence but can be postponed to "our ne2t anal"tical session.
0- Review E+otion and Acceptance of the Previously Repressed

4ou ha+e succeeded in locatin) the critical e2perience and the pre+iousl" concealed e#otion associated /ith it. 4our ne2t task is to )ain unconscious acceptance o- this e#otion. To do this. si#pl" ask "our unconscious #ind to use all o- "our unconscious /isdo#. understandin) and co#passion to look at and re+ie/ all o- the no/ +isible e2perience. indicatin) /hen this has been acco#plished b" li-tin) the 7"es; -in)er.
2- Recognition of the Present ,rrelevance of the Previously Repressed E+otion

The ti#e has co#e -or "ou to use "our unconscious #ind to dis0 co+er /hether "ou no/ ha+e an" -urther need -or the old e#otion /hich had been repressed. To do this. ask "our unconscious #ind. 7With the understandin) 1 no/ possess. #ust 1 preser+e that old tensionI; 4ou should recei+e a 7no; to this <uestion be-ore proceedin) /ith the ne2t step. 1- "ou do not. once a)ain ask "our unconscious #ind to re+ie/ the e2perience. usin) all o- "our unconscious /isdo#. When this has been done once a)ain. in<uire /hether "ou still need to keep that old and outdated e#otion. 4ou /ill probabl" no/ obtain the 7no; that "ou are seekin).

1FG

1-. on the other hand. "ou still recei+e a 7"es.; settle -or that at this ti#e since there #a" still be a need -or so#e o- the old e#otion. 1nstead no/ ask. 7Do 1 still need &%% o- that outdated e#otionI; 1- "ou )et a 7no; to this <uestion. it is clear that "our unconscious #ind is not prepared to release all o- the e#otion at present. and it #a" be that "ou are consciousl" a/are o- the reason -or this.
3- RelinBuishing the &nnecessary utdated Tension

4ou ha+e no/ decided that "ou no lon)er need so#e or all o- the outdated e#otion and "ou need to -ind a satis-actor" #eans orelin<uishin) the unnecessar" tension. @nce a)ain. call upon the resources o- "our unconscious #ind to -ind a /a" to let the old outdated e#otion )o. 3i#pl" ask. 78sin) all o- #" unconscious understandin) and /isdo#. please -ind a /a" in /hich this old. useless and outdated tension can be released. and indicate /hen this /a" has been -ound b" raisin) the O"esD -in)er.; When that -in)er li-ts. "ou #a" or #a" not be consciousl" a/are o- the appropriate solution that has been disco+ered b" "our unconscious #ind. but "ou /ill alread" be)in to -eel a lessenin) otension.
/- Resolution of the utdated Tension

4ou are read" to surrender the old tension. &sk "our unconscious #ind to suppl" the solution it has -ound b" the use o- "our unconscious /isdo# to the part o- "our #ind that has had to deal /ith the proble# creatin) the tension. &sk -or a si)nal /hen that solution has been accepted and the tension at last co#pletel" relin<uished. When the solution has been put into e--ect and "ou ha+e )i+en up the old tension. "ou /ill -eel a )reat sense o- relie-. &/ait the si)nal con-ir#in) the co#plete resolution o- the tension be-ore proceedin) to the -inal step.
6- Reha8ilitation

1t is one thin) to -ind a solution to a proble#. another to ha+e it /orkin) in practice. With h"pnosis the actual /orkin) conditions can be i#a)ined <uite -aith-ull". To do this. si#pl" instruct "our 1F5

unconscious #ind to i#a)ine the solution that has been accepted. bein) applied in three di--erent rele+ant proble#atic situations. and to si)nal /hen this has been acco#plished. 4ou #a" ha+e been able to co#plete all o- these sta)es in one session. Whether or not this is possible. it is ti#e to take a rest. 4ou ha+e done /ell. Rein-orce "our )eneral /ell=bein) b" direct su))estions and return to the re#ainder o- "our sel-=anal"sis as soon as "ou a)ain ha+e su--icient ti#e to de+ote to it. Durin) the procedure "ou #a" ha+e been a/are o- each line othou)ht that "our unconscious #ind has pursued. 1t is <uite likel". ho/e+er. that #uch has re#ained unconscious. 1- "ou ha+e not been success-ul in co#pletin) all o- these sta)es. do not be do/nhearted. Hi+e "oursel- direct su))estions that "ou /ill be success-ul and tr" once a)ain a-ter a rest -ro# the anal"sis. 1- "our pro)ress re#ains disappointin)l" slo/. "ou should rene/ "our e--orts to obtain e2pert h"pnotherapeutic assistance. *urther Analysis ?a+in) resol+ed a lon) standin) proble#. "ou /ill no doubt be -eelin) +er" )ood. 1t is probableJ ho/e+er. that "ou ha+e other unconscious tensions /hich #ust be dealt /ith be-ore "ou can enBo" the true relie- o- co#plete -reedo#. ?o/ are "ou to kno/ i- -urther anal"sis should be pursuedI & totall" -ree hu#an bein). /ith a co#pletel" unlocked #ind. belie+es that he is Bust as )ood as an" other hu#an bein) and -eels con+inced that this is so. &sk "our unconscious #ind. 7Does e+er" part o- #" inner #ind no/ -eel and belie+e that 1 a# Bust as )ood and i#portant as an" other hu#an bein). li+in) or deadI; 1- the ans/er to this i#portant <uestion is an i##ediate 7"es.; then "ou are read" -or the -inal sta)es o- sel-=therap". ?o/e+er. i- a ne)ati+e response arises. a part o- "our #ind is still harbourin) a proble# and "ou should continue anal"sis. 1n order to proceed. ask "our unconscious #ind to re+ie/ all o"our unconscious #e#ories and to stop at an" e2perience /hich is pre+entin) "ou -ro# -eelin) as )ood and as i#portant as an" 1FK

other hu#an bein). &sk that it +eri-" its location o- the e2perience b" raisin) the 7"es; -in)er. Deal /ith this e2perience in precisel" the sa#e /a" that "ou handled the -irst one. -ollo/in) each o- the si2 steps outlined. 4ou #a" -ind that it /ill not take as lon) to resol+e this proble#. -or "our unconscious #ind no/ kno/s e2actl" /hat is re<uired o- it. 4ou should ha+e no di--icult" in co#pletin) "our /ork /ith it in one session. Repeat the <uestion about sel-=/orth and deal /ith e+er" e2peri0 ence /hich is pre+entin) "ou -ro# -ull" acceptin) "oursel-. >+entuall" "ou /ill ha+e dealt /ith all o- the e2periences /hich ha+e been responsible -or "our present tensions and /ill ha+e resol+ed the# satis-actoril". &)ain let #e reiterate that i- "ou run into an" di--icult" /hatso0 e+er. "ou #ust seek e2pert h"pnotherapeutic help. Ego Strengthening For #ost o- "our li-e "our e)o has taken a back seat. se+erel" restricted b" the proble#s "ou ha+e no/ resol+ed. 4ou /ill surel" encounter #an" ne/ challen)es alon) li-eDs stor#" path. ho/e+er. and "ou #ust be able to deal /ith the#. @ther/ise "ou /ill a)ain seek re-u)e in the onl" secure place "ou ha+e kno/nCprison: 4ou #ust de+elop in "our e)o su--icient stren)th to deal /ith these proble#s appropriatel" so that "our ne/ -ound -reedo# /ill be per#anent. ,o #atter ho/ sel-=con-ident "ou -eel. it does no har# to repeat this e)o stren)thenin) procedure <uite -re<uentl". First o- all. ask "our unconscious #ind. 7Does e+er" part o- #" unconscious #ind no/ belie+e that 1 a# Bust as i#portant and )ood as an" other hu#an bein) li+in) or deadI; 4ou should no/ recei+e a stron) 7"es; si)nal. 1n an" case. ask "our unconscious #ind to repeat se+eral ti#es 71 a# Bust as )ood and i#portant as an" other hu#an bein) li+in) or dead.; 1 belie+e that the recordin) o- a po/er-ul positi+e #essa)e like this tends to erase all o- the other ne)ati+e recordin)s that "ou ha+e been carr"in) in "our unconscious #ind throu)hout "our li-e. Return to "our deep rela2ation and ask "our unconscious #ind the -ollo/in) <uestionsN 1F!

1. Does #" inner #ind a)ree that 1 ha+e the ri)ht to e+er" one o#" nor#al hu#an -eelin)s. /hether or not the" are pleasantI 2. Does #" inner #ind a)ree that 1 ha+e the ri)ht and the dut" to respect and protect e+er" one o- #" nor#al hu#an -eelin)s. /hether the" are pleasant or unpleasantI F. Does #" inner #ind a)ree that 1 ha+e the ri)ht to keep an" o#" nor#al hu#an -eelin)s as lon) as 1 need the# and a ri)ht to let the# )o /hene+er the" beco#e unnecessar"I 1- each o- these <uestions recei+es the appropriate a--ir#ati+e response. proceed /ith the ne2t <uestionN G. Do 1 need to -eel )uilt". asha#ed or e#barrassed b" an" o#" nor#al hu#an -eelin)sI This <uestion should no/ recei+e a stron) 7no; ans/er. 4ou #a" ha+e obtained a ne)ati+e repl" to an" one o- the -irst three <uestions. 1- so. "ou #ust disco+er the reason in order -or e)o stren)thenin) to be entirel" success-ul. 4ou /ill need to ask <uestions /hich /ill enable "ou to identi-" /hich basic e#otion is still unacceptable. For e2a#ple. 7Do 1 ha+e a ri)ht to #" nor#al hu#an -eelin)s o- sadnessI; $rescribe si#ilar <uestions in order to identi-" "our unconscious attitudes re)ardin) the other e#otions o- happiness. an)er. lo+e. -ear and securit". When "ou ha+e speci-ied the -eelin) that troubles "ou still. utili6e the anal"tical techni<ues "ou ha+e learned to locate the e2perience in+ol+in) the unacceptable e#otion. 4ou should be able to relin<uish the outdated e#otion and the )uilt associated /ith it. thus resol+in) "our inner con-lict. Return then to e)o stren)thenin). obtainin) a 7"es; to all o- the -irst three <uestions and a 7no; to the -ourth. When this e)o stren)thenin) phase has been satis-actoril" co#pleted. "ou /ill be read" -or the -inal phase o- therap"C asserti+e=ness trainin).

1F'

Assertiveness Training For "ears "ou ha+e considered "oursel- in-erior to others and ha+e beha+ed as i- "ou /ere in-erior. 1n realit". "ou are as /orth" as others. 1t is essential that "ou o+erco#e -eelin)s o- in-eriorit" i"our ne/-ound -reedo# is to beco#e per#anent. 4ou are in need o- ne/ )uidelines to replace the old sel-=reBectin) ones. This is /h" asserti+e=ness trainin) is so i#portant. 1ncidentall". do not con-use asserti+e=ness /ith a))ressi+eness. The -ree. asserti+e indi+idual is ne+er a))ressi+e. althou)h his sel-=con-idence #i)ht be #istaken -or a))ressi+eness b" the casual obser+er. @nce a)ain en)a)e the techni<ues o- sel-=h"pnosis to co##uni0 cate /ith "our unconscious #ind. /hich #ust be read" to undertake three i#portant resolutions. $ut the# to "our unconscious #ind in the -ollo/in) #annerN 1. 7Will e+er" part o- #" inner #ind pro#ise ne+er to put an" other part do/nI; 2. 7Will e+er" part o- #" inner #ind pro#ise ne+er to allo/ an"one to put #e do/nI; F. 7Will #" inner #ind pro#ise ne+er to allo/ #e kno/in)l" to put an"one else do/nI; The phrase 7put do/n; is usuall" understood <uite /ell at an unconscious le+el. 1t re-ers to the discountin) or de+aluin) o-eelin)s and not to proper and Bust criticis#. 1- "ou call "ourselstupid or use so#e other dero)ator" na#e. "ou are puttin) "oursel- do/n. ?o/e+er. i- "ou reco)ni6e that "ou ha+e #ade a #istake. "ou are not de#eanin) "oursel- b" bein) a/are o- it. 4ou also dispara)e "oursel- /hen "ou discount "our -eelin)s and sa" such thin)s as 71 should not -eel an)r" (hurt or a-raid. etc.).; 4ou ha+e a ri)ht to "our -eelin)sJ an" ti#e "ou discount the# or allo/ so#eone else to do so. "ou are puttin) "oursel- do/n. 1- "ou ha+e recei+ed stron) 7"es; si)nals to these <uestions. this -inal part o- therap" has been satis-actoril" co#pleted. ,e+ertheless. 1 /ould ad+ise that "ou repeat the e)o stren)thenin) and the asserti+e=ness trainin) su))estions e+er" da" until "ou are certain that "ou can keep these three pro#ises under all circu#stances. 1F

1- "ou ha+e co#e this -ar success-ull" /ith #e. "ou /ill no doubt be a/are o- a tre#endous increase in "our -eelin)s o- /ell=bein) and sel-=con-idence. Without an" conscious e--ort "ou are be)innin) to stick up -or "oursel-. and people /ho pre+iousl" i)nored "our +ie/s and opinions no/ ob+iousl" respect "ou. %ess concerned about othersD opinions. "ou /ill re#ain interested in their +ie/s /ithout sacri-icin) "ours to theirs. Most o- all. "ou /ill -ind "oursel- doin) thin)s /ith increased ener)". actin) because "ou /ant to and not because a certain response is e2pected o"ou. &n"one /ho has been locked up in a #ental prison #ost o- his li-e /ill disco+er that this -reedo# is a /onder-ul e2perience. 3o#e -or#er patients /ill suppl" indi+idual tales o- escape to -reedo#.

1G0

Chapter *ourteen Esca(e Stories

(. &.B.
1 hated #" li-e. 1 reco)ni6e no/. o- course. that 1 reall" hated #"sel-. For #ore than -ort" "ears #" li-e /as a hopeless stru))le. Tr"in) to be better than 1 /as. 1 had -ailed #iserabl". To #" -riends 1 apparentl" had e+er"thin) an"one could /ish -orCthree lo+el" dau)hters. a lo+in) husband. and no -inancial burdens. 4et 1 hated it all. ,othin) see#ed to be ri)ht. 1 o-ten asked #"sel-. 7Wh" does #" lo+in) husband care -or #eI; but 1 could ne+er -ind an ans/er. 1 kne/ that 1 had al/a"s lo+ed hi#. but 1 /as ne+er able to tell hi# so. 1 could ne+er allo/ #"selto sho/ hi# the a--ection that 1 kne/ he trul" deser+ed. Man" ti#es /hen 1 -elt thin)s )o /ron). 1 si#pl" hated and hated. 1 tried not to let #" an)er sho/. but it al/a"s s#oldered /ithin #e. -i2in) #" husband and #" children at ar#Ds len)th. 1 al/a"s -elt +er" tenseCas i- #" insides /ere stretched as taut as a dru#. M" head see#ed as i- it /as burstin). M" s"#pathetic ph"sician o--ered #edication to help #e rela2. but 1 ne+er took an" #edicine. -or 1 had an intense -ear o- beco#in) dependent on dru)s. The onl" ti#e 1 did take a prescription. a-ter desperate persuasion -ro# #" husband. 1 thre/ up and could hardl" breathe. 1 si#pl" had to endure #" e2tre#e tension. The kids /ere usuall" )ood. but their perpetual ar)u#ents tore #e apart. 1 -ound #"sel- screa#in) silentl" at the#. proBectin) on the# the cold -ur" that 1 /as -eelin)C/hich onl" #ade the# /orse. M" dau)hter Mar". /ho be)an to per-or# poorl" in school. /as beco#in) #orose and un#ana)eable. 3o#eti#es /hen she looked at #e. 1 -elt that she hated #e. That reall" )rie+ed #e because 1 /anted so badl" -or her to lo+e #e. &ctuall". 1 /anted e+er"one to lo+e #e. but 1 didnDt think an"one didCe2cept #" husband. and 1 could ne+er understand /h". &t one ti#e /e had see#ed +er" closeCor had that been Bust an illusionI 1G1

>+er" #ornin) 1 a/oke /ith that a/-ul ti)ht -eelin) that another da" had to be endured. Would 1 #ake itI Would 1 be able to do all that /as e2pected o- #eI The da" /ould stretch -ar ahead o- #e. -ull o- pit-alls /hich 1 /ould be +er" luck" to a+oid. 1 -eared that thin)s /ould surel" )o /ron) and 1 /ould -eel +er" )uilt". >ach ni)ht 1 -ound so#e escape -ro# the ordeals o- the da" b" readin). o-ten until the earl" hours o- the #ornin). Did 1 do that to de+ise so#e li-e that 1 could enBo". e+en i- it /ere not real. or /as 1 den"in) #"sel- the sleep that 1 -elt 1 did not deser+eI 1 cannot ans/er. Wh" did 1 dislike #"sel- so #uchI 1 did not kno/ the ans/er to that <uestion either. 1 #erel" kne/ that 1 did not like #" li-e as it /as and desperatel" /anted it to chan)eC althou)h onl" a #iracle could do that: 1 heard that h"pnosis /as bein) used to relie+e tension. and 1 kne/ that i- 1 could Bust shed that a/-ul tension. li-e /ould be easier. 1 /as apprehensi+e and rather sceptical about the /hole thin). Would it /ork -or #eI Would 1 be a -ailure at h"pnosis as 1 /as at so #an" other thin)sI When 1 consulted #" ph"sician. he told #e that h"pnosis could help people learn to rela2 /ithout the aid o- dru)s. &-ter so#e soul searchin) and /ith considerable trepidation. 1 e+entuall" #ade an appoint#ent to see Dr. 9urnett. Eer" ner+ous as 1 /as about that appoint#ent. there /ere #an" ti#es 1 -ound #"sel- thinkin) o- an e2cuse to break it. Was 1 so bad that 1 needed h"pnosisI 1 /as. 1 e+en recall sendin) #" husband a card si)ned. 74our #iserable /i-e:; 9ut perhaps h"pnosis /as not -or #e. 1 had heard that not e+er"one could respond. 1n the end 1 did not break that appoint#ent. and as e+ents turned out 1 a# +er" )rate-ul to #" )uardian an)el -or #akin) sure that 1 kept it. Durin) that -irst +isit 1 /as in a -o). 1 didnDt notice #uch o- the surroundin)s o- the /aitin) roo# and /as too tense to take heed o- the )entle back)round #usic /hich 1 later reali6ed /as an inte)ral part o- the soothin) at#osphere o- Dr. 9arnettDs o--ice. @nl" /hen 1 -elt the /ar#th o- the doctorDs handshake did 1 be)in to rela2. Hlancin) around his consultin) roo#. 1 sa/ nothin) unusual. 1 did not -ind an" h"pnoti6in) )ad)ets. but 1 /as still too tense to notice +er" #uch. %ater 1 recalled its /ell=lit. sunn" appearance and the 1G2

sounds o- the tra--ic on the thorou)h-are outside. 1 /as sittin) in an eas" chair /hen Dr. 9arnett returned to his desk. When he asked /hat he could do -or #e. 1 be)an to -eel that 1 had #ade a #istake and should not be there at all. 1 /as lookin) -or so#e e2cuse to lea+e as 1 #ur#ured that 1 /as a-raid 1 /as /astin) his ti#e. 1 did not -eel that 1 could discuss all the thin)s that /ere botherin) #e. so 1 Bust told hi# that #" ner+es /ere bad and that 1 /as al/a"s tense. Dr. 9arnett see#ed to understand that 1 reall" did not understand #" irritabilit" and unhapp" #oods. 9e-ore lon) 1 -elt #ore at ease and /as discussin) #" proble#s in a /a" /hich had pre+iousl" been i#possible. Dr. 9urnett pointed out ho/ -re<uentl" 1 put #"sel- do/n and asked i- 1 kne/ /h" 1 did that. 3o#eho/ this had al/a"s see#ed natural -or #e to do. but 1 told hi# 1 could not speci-" the #oti+ation -or it. ?e told #e that 1 had learned to do this and that the i#pulse /as probabl" concealed in #" unconscious #ind. ?e /ent on to e2plain that h"pnosis /as si#pl" a process o- co#0 #unicatin) /ith the inner #ind /hene+er the conscious #ind /as su--icientl" rela2ed to allo/ that co##unication. Throu)h the use o- h"pnosis he thou)ht /e #i)ht disco+er the reasons -or #" proble#s and sol+e the# i- 1 /as prepared to cooperate. 1 #ust ad#it that 1 didnDt -eel cooperati+e at -irst. but as /e talked. 1 be)an to e2perience a -eelin) o- trust and ea)erness to cooperate. (ontinuin) to speak in his so-t. rela2in) +oice. Dr. 9arnett asked #e to close #" e"es and co#pletel" rela2 #" /hole bod". 1 -elt #"sel- dri-t into a +er" rela2ed state. and 1 re#e#ber -ollo/in) his su))estion to i#a)ine a +er" pleasant scene /hich see#ed to be real and enBo"able. ?e continued to talk to #e. and 1 kno/ that 1 responded. but e+er"thin) see#ed +a)ue and distant. 1 heard hi# tellin) #e to open #" e"es and be /ide a/ake. &s 1 did so. 1 -elt that 1 had a/akened -ro# a deep sleep and "et. parado2icall". it see#ed as i- 1 had si#pl" closed #" e"es -or a -e/ #inutes. When 1 opened #" e"es. 1 /as a/are that 1 had been cr"in). and "et 1 -elt an enor#ous sense o- relie-Cas i- a tre#endous burden had been li-ted -ro# #" shoulders. 1GF

1 e2perienced a #ild sense o- surprise /hen 1 looked at the clock and suddenl" reali6ed that 1 had been in his o--ice -or o+er an hour. Where had the ti#e )oneI What had been happenin)I 1 asked these <uestions o- #"sel- but /as not concerned that 1 could -ind no i##ediate ans/er. When Dr. 9arnett asked ho/ 1 /as -eelin). 1 told hi# that 1 /as -eelin) )reatCand that surprised #e. 1 /anted to lau)h and sin)C an e2traordinar" -eelin). Dr. 9arnett instructed #e to return in one /eek. ?e told #e that he belie+ed that 1 /ould do +er" /ell. and so#eho/ 1 -elt sure that he /as ri)ht. &s 1 #ade arran)e#ents /ith his secretar" -or the ne2t appoint0 #ent. 1 could think o- little but ho/ )ood e+er"thin) see#ed. When 1 /alked outside. the sounds and colours o- the /orld see#ed no+el and interestin)Cas i- 1 had ne+er noticed the# be-ore. M" senses /ere hei)htened in a /onderin) and /onder-ul /a". 1 had al/a"s hated noises. but suddenl" 1 /as enBo"in) all othe bustle and clatter. That /as a #e#orable da" -or #e. 1 can best describe it and the /eek that -ollo/ed b" <uotin) -ro# #" diar".
Tuesday

1 sense that a #ental and ph"sical o+erhaul has be)un since 1 sa/ Dr. 9arnett. 1 -eel literall" /run) out. and "et 1 a# serenel" content. 1 -elt so )ood this a-ternoon. that 1 -ound #"sel- sin)in). 71D# sittin) on top o- the /orld.; &ll throu)h the da" this -eelin) o- /ell=bein) has persisted. 1 ha+e a stran)e sense that one part o- #e is <uietl" obser+in) another. ,or#all" 1D# a restless indi+idual and canDt sit <uietl". "et this e+enin) 1D# restin) <uietl" and co#-ortabl". and the noise o- the childrenDs ar)u#ents is not an)erin) #e as it usuall" does. 1 -eel rela2ed and dro/s". /ithout #" usual desire to read and read.
!ednesday

1 ha+e enBo"ed a da" -ull o- inner content#entC/ithout the usual -eelin)s o- stress at all. 1 a# a/are o- #" usual an)r" or unhapp" thou)hts. but the" are #ini#al and rapidl" dissol+e. 1 ha+e the 1GG

stran)e -eelin) that a ne/ M> has arisen -ro# deep inside and has taken control. 1t is like the an)el o- #erc" has supplanted the de+il. 1 a# not -ri)htened. 1n -act. 1 a# at peace /ith #"sel- -or the -irst ti#e in "ears.
Thursday

1 a# still happ" and contented. 1 ha+e had a #ar+ellous ti#e preparin) and or)ani6in) Mar"Ds birthda" part". 1 /as able to Boin in the -un o- the part" and had /onder-ul. /ar# -eelin)s all the ti#e. 1 a# deli)hted at this ne/ +ie/. 1 like #"sel-.
*riday

&s 1 think o- the chan)es that ha+e occurred /ithin #e. 1 sense that 1 ha+e at last beco#e untan)led and un/ound. 1 suddenl" -eel as i- 1 a# no lon)er on trial. that e+er"thin) that 1 a# is acceptable. When 1 use those /ords 7no lon)er on trial.; 1 e2perience so#e stran)e -eelin)s that 1 cannot identi-".
Saturday

$atience. lo+e and understandin) ha+e set the tone -or toda". The children /ere ho#e. and /e ha+e shared in so #uch -un and lau)hter. 1 a# tappin) ne/ resources as the patience. lo+e and understandin) are -ar #ore pronounced. 1 ha+e produced these attributes in the past. but not /ithout )reat e--ort. ,o/ 1 a# not actin) a role. -or toda" these -eelin)s -lo/ed easil" and spontaneousl".
Sunday

1 reall" ble/ it toda": 1 belie+ed that #" personalit" /as chan)in). but the 7ne/ bein); /as de-initel" not in char)e. &-ter e2periencin) se+eral an)r" outbursts durin) the da". 1 a# -eelin) +er" apprehensi+e.

1G5

$erhaps 1 can take so#e consolation -ro# the -act that #" an)er /as not as intense as it used to be. and it /as ne+er a cruel an)er. ,e+ertheless. 1 -eel reall" disappointed in #"sel-. particularl" since 1 cannot disco+er /h" 1 beha+ed this /a". 1t see#ed as i- 1 Bust couldnDt (or /ouldnDt) let that petulant #ood )o all da".

%onday

M" thou)hts arenDt positi+e toda". 1 -eel that part o- #e is super0 i#posin) -eelin)s upon another part o- #e and is stri+in) -or reco)nition. This /ould account -or #" actions "esterda". Toda"Ds disco#-orts ha+e been tri))ered b" the e#barrass#ent o"esterda"Ds outbursts. and 1 a# tr"in) to -ind ans/ers to the#. 1 #ust learn to accept #" i#per-ections as /ell as #" <ualitiesJ other/ise continuous discoura)e#ent is ine+itable. 1 /ill no/ lea+e #" diar" /hile 1 recall #" ne2t appoint#ent /ith Dr. 9arnett. 1 /as +er" uncertain /hether 1 should relate ho/ badl" thin)s see#ed to )o on 3unda". but in his o--ice it see#ed natural that 1 should discuss e+er"thin) that happened. Dr. 9arnett con-ir#ed /hat 1 had alread" suspectedCthat the e+ents on 3unda" de#onstrated that 1 ha+e unpleasant as /ell as pleasant -eelin)s. and that 1 a# no better or /orse than an" other hu#an bein) si#pl" because 1 ha+e these entirel" nor#al hu#an -eelin)s. 1 /as particularl" assured and relie+ed /hen Dr. 9arnett pointed out that 1 had not used #" an)er a))ressi+el" or destructi+el". but onl" asserti+el". We talked about #" positi+e -eelin)s about #e and ho/ 1 had actuall" be)un to like #"sel-. ?e then asked i- 1 /ished to re=enter h"pnosis. 1 a)reed. and /hen he asked #e to close #" e"es. once a)ain 1 -elt that /ar#. peace-ul and co#-ortable -eelin) dri-t o+er #e as his rela2in) +oice continued. &lthou)h 1 kno/ that 1 listened to e+er" /ord +er" care-ull". it see#ed onl" a -e/ #o#ents later that he /as askin) #e to open #" e"es and be /ide a/ake. 1 sensed. e+en be-ore 1 looked at the clock. that another hour had probabl" )oneCand it had: 1GK

Dr. 9arnett told #e that he /as +er" pleased at the pro)ress 1 had #ade and that he /as no/ con-ident that e+er"thin) /ould be -ine. 1n -act. he /as so con-ident that he asked #e to dela" #" ne2t appoint#ent -or -our /eeks. 1 could not help -eelin) a little doubt-ul that 1 could re#ain /ell -or -our #ore /eeks /ithout help. but 1 tried not to sho/ it.

Tuesday

Hood -eelin)s persisted toda". 1 ha+e -elt con-ident. capable and sel-=assured. 1t see#s as i- 1 ha+e relin<uished #an" o- #" personal inhibitions. 1 a# -reeC-ree to e2press -eelin)s that 1 /as pre+iousl" co#pelled to hide. For the -irst ti#e in a)es 1 /as -ree to sa" the /ords 71 lo+e "ou; to #" husband. @nl" 1 can appreciate the /onder#ent o- bein) able to do that. The -eelin) has al/a"s been there. but the spoken /ords ha+e )i+en it such a pro-ound #eanin).
!ednesday

Toda" 1 -eel the need -or a deeper understandin) o- Mar". 1 /ant to earn her respectCnot de#and it. 9eco#in) #ore a/are o- the interaction bet/een us. 1 ha+e tried to Bud)e it obBecti+el". M" husband and 1 ha+e discussed the proble# this e+enin) at len)th. Throu)h the re#ainder o- #" diar" record o- the -our /eeks bet/een appoint#ents 1 note that 1 ha+e recorded so#e +er" interestin) chan)es. 1 beca#e #ore co#-ortable bein) #"sel-. There see#ed to be no -urther need to pla" an" role or to do an" pretendin). 1t beca#e @.5. to be #e: 1 see#ed to ease up and -eel less pressure. "et 1 acco#plished as #uch as be-ore /ithout an" undue an2iet". 1 be)an to look -or/ard to each da". 1 stopped /orr"in) about ho/ 1 /as )oin) to cope. 8npleasant thin)s continued to happen. but that see#ed all ri)ht. 1 could deal /ith the# in a controlled #anner. acceptin) #" unco#-ortable -eelin)s /ithout e2periencin) )uilt.

1G!

1 beca#e a/are o- a chan)e takin) place in #" children and reali6ed that the" /ere respondin) to the #odi-ications occurrin) in #e. 1 /as at last in har#on" /ith the /orld. There /as still a doubtin) part o- #e /hich /ondered /hether this /as all #erel" a drea# -ro# /hich 1 /ould shortl" a/aken. This doubt -aded. ho/e+er. /ith the passa)e o- ti#e. #erel" re#indin) #e that 1 had ne+er /anted the old #e. 1 be)an to deli)ht in ha+in) une2pected )uests drop b". Rather than panickin) in #" usual -ashion. 1 enBo"ed the#Cand 1 be)an to belie+e that the" enBo"ed #e too: @ne da" #" husband enthusiasticall" noted that he had been a/are o- a pro-ound chan)e in #e since #" -irst session o- h"pno0 therap". ?e had al/a"s /ondered /hether 1 had reall" lo+ed hi#. but no/ the pronounced alteration in #" outlook #ade it possible -or hi# to broach the subBect. ?e /ent on to con-ess that. o+er the "ears. he had -ound it di--icult to speak to #e about sensiti+e #atters because 1 /ouldnDt e2press #" hurt but al/a"s /ithdre/ behind a /all o- -ur". 1 /ould /alk around like a ti#e bo#b read" to e2plode. and thus no one dared approach #e. 1 kne/ that he /as ri)ht. -or #an" ti#es a disa)ree#ent bet/een us aroused such intense -eelin)s o- hatred /ithin #e that 1 didnDt dare to e2press the#. &nd at such ti#es 1 -elt reBected b" hi#. 1 be)an to understand /hat had been boilin) inside #e durin) those "ears. 1 had been con+inced that 1 /as unlo+able. that 1 couldnDt )i+e or recei+e lo+e. 1 no/ kno/ that this had ne+er reall" been true. &s a result. 1 can accept his lo+e and )i+e #ine -reel" in return. The chan)e has like/ise had a pro-ound e--ect upon Mar". /ho see#s happier and #ore content. Much happened in those -our /eeks bet/een sessions. &t ti#es the old hate -eelin)s returned and 1 -elt a-raid. 9ut )raduall" 1 learned to talk #" -eelin)s out and beca#e less a-raid o- the#. particularl" /hen 1 be)an to reco)ni6e that other people accepted #" unpleasant -eelin)s. &-ter all. the" shared the# too: When the -our /eeks /ere up. there /as so #uch to tell Dr. 9arnett that 1 hardl" kne/ /here to be)in. &-ter 1 con-essed that 1 /as still troubled b" an)er. he assured #e that 1 /ould )raduall" co#e to accept it as a health" part o- #e and no lon)er so#ethin) 1G'

to -ear. 1 reali6e that he /as ri)ht because each da" 1 a# -indin) #" an)er easier to accept and control. ?e asked #e to close #" e"es and rela2. @nce a)ain 1 dri-ted deepl" into that interestin) and pleasant state o- a/areness /here internal thou)hts and -eelin)s assu#e such i#portance. This ti#e it see#ed as i- 1 /as there -or a +er" lon) ti#e. 1 recall his +oice askin) #e i- it /ould be all ri)ht -or #e to re#e#ber no/. and #" head nodded 7"es.; When he asked #e to open #" e"es. #" #ind -looded /ith pain-ul #e#ories. The" /ere like scenes -ro# a horror #o+ie. but the" /ere realCparticularl" a picture o- a #other burnin) a little )irl /ith a red hot poker. That #other /as #" #other. and the little )irl /as #e. 1 could -eel her terror. &nd then that horrible thin) /ith dad. ?e should not ha+e #ade #e do that: 1 hate hi# and -ear hi#C at least 1 used to. &nd then it /as #other a)ainCand al/a"s those #en: Wh" couldnDt 1 ha+e a proper #otherI 1 so /anted a proper #other: 1 ha+e no/ put all o- those horrible pictures in their ri)ht-ul place Cinto the past. /here the" no lon)er reall" #atter. 1 ha+e understood -ather. 1 understand #other. 1 no lon)er bear the# an" resent#ent. althou)h 1 can ne+er condone /hat the" did to #e. Most o- all. 1 ha+e -or)i+en #"sel-. 1 no/ -ull" understand that all o- us ha+e a ri)ht to our -eelin)s. 1t is not the -eelin)s that are /ron). but the e2pression o- -eelin)s in a destructi+e #anner. 1 /ill al/a"s re#e#ber the three pro#ises Dr. 9arnett asked #e to #ake to #"sel-N ne+er to put #"sel- or #" -eelin)s do/n. ne+er to allo/ an"one else to put #e or #" -eelin)s do/n. and ne+er to put an"one else or their -eelin)s do/n. 1t all see#ed #ar+ellousl" clear and si#ple. ?e asked i- he could talk /ith #" husband. so 1 brou)ht hi# /ith #e the -ollo/in) /eek. M" husband ad#itted that so#e /onder-ul thin)s had indeed happened. but he e2pressed a little o- his o/n uncertaint" as to /hether such a tre#endous chan)e /ould be per#anent. We all a)reed that 1 should return -or a -ollo/=up appoint#ent t/o #onths later. 1 e2perienced a /onder-ul (hrist#as that "ear. and /hen 1 returned -or #" -ollo/=up appoint#ent in the ne/ "ear. 1 reported 1G

that there had been no proble#s that 1 had not been able to handle. 1 had to ad#it that 1 /as still a little unco#-ortable /hen 1 thou)ht about the past and the old #e. but that +isit /as #" last -or#al h"pnotherap". 1 had reached a stable understandin) o#"sel- and /as -ull" able to accept #"sel- as a /orth/hile hu#an bein). 1 /as reall" -ree: ,o/. so#e three "ears later. 1 look upon these "ears as the happiest o- #" li-e. >ach da" see#s as )ood as or better than the da" be-ore. Toda" the ti#es o- tension no lon)er see# o+er/hel#in). and 1 a# al/a"s con-ident that 1 can handle the#. 1 ha+e de+ised a /hole di--erent set o- +alues to/ard li-e. 1 -eel rela2ed /ith other people and no lon)er /orr" about /hat the" /ill think o- #e. 1nterestin)l" enou)h. 1 ha+e -ound that people see# to -ind it eas" to accept #e Bust as 1 a#. Man" o- #" -riendships ha+e beco#e #uch deeper and #ore #eanin)-ul. 1 -eel secure /ithin #"sel- and continue to enBo" sel-=con-idence. 1 no/ ha+e the abilit" to sa" 7no; /hen asked to do so#ethin) that 1 /ould pre-er not to do. and 1 no lon)er e2perience an" )uilt -eelin)s about #" re-usal. To an"one seekin) h"pnotherap" 1 /ould sa". 7Do not be a-raid.; 4ou #a". as 1 did. disco+er unpleasant #e#ories /hich "ou ha+e spent "our li-e -ilterin) out o- "our #ind /ithout bein) able to escape -eelin)s o- )uilt. 4ou #ust allo/ "oursel- to -ace and deal /ith those #e#ories. -reein) "oursel- -ro# their cripplin) e--ects on "our li-e and happiness. 1 a# no/ able to look back at the old #e /ithout an" distress because 1 reali6e that. /ithout certain e2periences. 1 /ould not be the person 1 a# pleased to be toda". 1 a# surprised /hen people seek #e out to help the# /ith their proble#s. but Dr. 9arnett tells #e that this is because onl" an e2=con+ict can -ull" understand a prisoner. 1 kno/ no/ /hat he #eans b" that.

Dr. Barnett )o""ents:

Fortunatel". ?.9. /as able to enter +er" deep h"pnosis <uickl". This enabled her to -ull" e2ploit her unconscious resources in the understandin) o- her proble#s. 1t also allo/ed her to deal rapidl" /ith the critical e2periences /hich had been responsible -or the 150

ori)inal cripplin) decisions she had #ade about hersel-. >arl" in li-e she had locked hersel- /ithin the prison o- an)er. Decidin) that she /as a bad person and thus undeser+in) o- lo+e. she tried to s#other an" e2pression o- an)er or sadness. 3he e+en atte#pted not to -eel these e#otions. When she -ailed. an enor#ous sense o- )uilt o+erca#e her. 1n our +er" -irst session she /as able to locate and recall the hurt and an)er she had -elt at her #istreat#ent. 3he could also under0 stand that it reall" /as not her -ault. The disco+er" that she could accept her ri)ht to be hersel-. no #atter /hat her -eelin)s #i)ht be. instilled a positi+e attitude -or the -irst -e/ da"s a-ter therap". ?o/e+er. she had to tr" all o- her -eelin)s out. particularl" /hen she had pro#ised not to put the# do/n or let an"one else deride the#. &t this ti#e she beca#e a/are o- insistent unpleasant -eelin)s /hich cla#oured to be e2pressed. 3he learned that she could +ent the# /ithout losin) control o- the#. %ike #an" people /ho are able to enter a deep le+el o- h"pnosis. ?.9. /as able to -or)et the e2periences /hich /ere recalled durin) the h"pnotic state. 3ince she had this abilit". 1 used it deliberatel" so that she /as not initiall" -orced to handle the #e#ories in addition to the decisions that she had #ade. Durin) the third session 1 asked her to re#e#ber all that had transpired in pre+ious sessionsCand she /as able to deal /ith her past <uite /ell. The deep h"pnosis /hich ?.9. #ana)ed to reach enabled her to deal /ith her proble#s rapidl". 1n other e2a#ples o- rapid resolution o- proble#s. h"pnosis has been #uch li)hter. 1t usuall" takes lon)er to deal /ith proble#s /hen the le+el o- h"pnosis is not so deep. but as /e shall see. the ulti#ate result is e<uall" satis-actor".

*. !.'.
To her -riends and -a#il" she /as Mar". a /ell=#eanin). practical /o#an /ho tried hard to be a per-ect /i-e and #other. 9ut deep inside Mar" /as a spontaneous. i#a)inati+e child na#ed >li6abeth C that part o- Mar" /hich her #other could ne+er tolerate.

151

>li6abeth lon)ed to be lo+ed and ad#ired -or hersel-. but Mar" C /ithout e+er bein) a/are o- the tension -er#entin) /ithinC repressed >li6abethDs /ishes. >+er since she ceased to use the na#e >li6abeth as a child. Mar" had kno/n that her #other /ould onl" tolerate her i- she )a+e up her deepest /ishes and beca#e co#pliant in all thin)s. &s Mar" )re/ older. earl" #e#ories -aded. 9" the ti#e she /ed. >li6abeth /as nearl" -or)otten. Mar"Ds relationship /ith her husband /as ade<uate as lon) as she de-erred to his Bud)#ents at e+er" turn. @ccasionall" she heard >li6abethDs rebellious +oice cr"in) out a)ainst this une<ual re)i#e. but Mar" <uickl" silenced it. &nother +oice /as needed to shatter the co#placent li-e o- the -a#il". Mar"Ds #other=in=la/ accused Mar" o- do#inatin) her husband because she didnDt reall" care -or hi#. Further#ore. she clai#ed that Mar" had #ade hersel- a sla+e to her children. 3uch accusations le-t Mar" in a state o- shock. ?a+in) tried to nurture a spontaneous lo+e -or her husband. and deepl" concerned -or her childrenDs /el-are. she couldnDt understand this attack. 1n her ho#e Mar"Ds #other had do#inated. bad)erin) her husband and bein) unreasonabl" de#andin) o- her children. Mar" learned as a little )irl to bur" her an)er to/ard her #other and to do e+er"thin) possible to please her. 3he beca#e art-ul at hidin) her an2ieties and presentin) a personalit" that her #other could accept. Thrustin) >li6abeth into the recesses o- her consciousness /hen the pressures beca#e too )reat. she adopted her second na#e. Mar". and atte#pted to con-or#. Mar" could not tell her #other=in=la/ ho/ deepl" the accusations had hurt and -ri)htened her. @ne ni)ht. ho/e+er. she a/oke in an all=consu#in) ra)e to/ard the /o#an. ?er -ierce e#otions con-used and surprised her -urther. -or she had al/a"s considered hersel- a )entle person. ,o/ she /as learnin) so#ethin) about hersel- that did not -it the picture.

152

Mar" had al/a"s been -ri)htened o- #en. To be honest. she had ne+er belie+ed that an" #an /ould /ant her -or his /i-e. @nce #arried. she tried desperatel" to #aintain her husbandDs (John) a--ection. -earin) that he /ould lea+e her. 3he could not risk re+ealin) >li6abethDs /orld to hi#. Mar"Ds e#otional li-e /ith John see#ed un-ul-illin) to her. ?is obstinac" and his inabilit" to disco+er /hat /as reall" i#portant to her -i2ed a )reat )ul- bet/een the#. @ut o- loneliness Mar" de+eloped a -riendship /ith another #an. /ho /as able to sense the e2istence o- Mar"Ds inner /orld. the do#ain o- >li6abeth. Torn b" -eelin)s o- -ear and e2hilaration. Mar" /as relie+ed /hen the #an #o+ed a/a". ,o/ she /as sa-e -ro# -urther disco+eries /hich she -eared she could not accept. 9ut >li6abeth still lon)ed -or lo+e and attention. The lon). hard /inter /ore do/n Mar"Ds spirit. 3he -eared that she /ould ne+er sur+i+e the succession o- ic" )re" da"s. The chill othe season see#ed to s<uee6e the li-e -ro# her. and she despaired o- e+er seein) another sprin). 4et she clun) to li-e. & +oice inside /hispered that she could not dieC-or she had ne+er li+ed. 1n that desolate season she be)an to understand that she had done nothin) -or hersel-. 3he /as al/a"s )i+in) but ne+er allo/ed hersel- to accept an"thin) in return. &--ection threatened her. -uellin) >li6abethDs deter#ination to be ackno/led)ed. 3prin) brou)ht Mar" ne/ hope and ener)". 3he had sur+i+ed. 9ut the season also brou)ht her ne/ pain. & sel-=a/areness class clari-ied -or her the parado2es she had reco)ni6ed in her li-e. 1n the )roup she brou)ht support and e#otional nourish#ent to others but could accept none -or hersel-. Mar" and John participated in a #arria)e encounter )roup durin) the su##er. Throu)hout #ost o- the sessions Mar" /ept. 3he -elt as thou)h she sat atop an e#otional +olcano due -or eruption. but she couldnDt locate the source o- her pain. 3lo/l" she beca#e a/are o- needs that she could not -ull" understand. To e2press these e#er)in) desires and -eelin)s. she be)an to /rite poetr". &s a little )irl >li6abeth had /ritten poe#s and son)s until her #otherDs dislike o- her e--orts had dri+en her creati+e needs 15F

inside. ,o/ she returned to her poetr" /ith a -ierce. rebellious ener)". and this brou)ht her a -eelin) o- /holeness she had not pre+iousl" kno/n. 9ut Mar" could not allo/ an"one to read her /ritin)s. 3he could not share these ne/ e2periences /ith John. -or she -eared that his criticis# /ould destro" the +alue o- the poetr" -or her. Mar" attended another encounter )roup. and the pain that sur-aced shattered her resol+e to keep her an2ieties hidden. ?er poetr" be)an to su--er. Fear-ul that this ne/ source o- /holeness in her li-e /as about to be lost. she sou)ht help /ith #e. 1 sensed earl" in our therapeutic relationship that Mar" /as desperate. 3he /anted to de+elop her independence -ro# the obli)ations placed upon her b" the -a#il". but she e<uall" sou)ht to dra/ closer. e#otionall". to her -a#il". Mar" #entioned >li6abeth <uite casuall" in our -irst session. 3he /as surprised b" #" interest in her )irlhood sel- and at -irst /as con-used /hen 1 asked /hether Mar" and >li6abeth /ere di--erent people. 3he had ne+er been able to appreciate the separateness othese t/o li+es /ithin her personalit". 3lo/l" Mar" learned that it /as >li6abeth /ho su--ered pain. /ho needed to e2press hersel- in /ritin). /ho lo+ed and hated -iercel" and needed to be ad#ired and cared -or. 1 suspected that so#e o- Mar"Ds proble#s could be traced ri)ht back to her birth e2perience. There-ore in our -irst session /ith h"pnosis 1 asked her to re)ress to her natal hour. 71 -eel sad.; Mar" told #e /hen 1 asked her to e2plore her -eelin)s at birth. 71 -eel as thou)h 1 should ne+er ha+e co#eCne+er ha+e been born. 3he doesnDt /ant #e. 1 see rubber )lo+es and a #asked -ace. -i)ures in /hite. and then there is no one there. M" #other is deadJ 1D# alone. 1 /ish #" -ather /ere here.; &t a later session she e2panded her +ision o- that #o#ent. 71 thou)ht 1 had killed her /hen 1 /as bornCshe la" so cold and still under anaesthesia. 1 -elt i#pelled to )i+e #" li-e -or her. to be /hate+er she /anted.; The e2perience o- reBection and hurt /as +er" stron) -or Mar". 3ensin) that her birth e2perience had le-t her /ith the -eelin) that 15G

she should not e2ist. 1 tried to i#press upon her that she had a ri)ht to li+eCthat it /as @5 to be. When Mar" -reed hersel- -ro# the -eelin) that she had killed her #other at birth. dra#atic chan)es occurred in the /a" she related to her o/n bod". 3he had associated her )uilt and -ear /ith the threatenin) +iolence o- her breech birth. &s she ca#e to understand the natural conditions o- her -irst -e/ hours o- li-e. her breathin) beca#e #ore rela2ed. &t the openin) o- our ne2t session she e2clai#ed. 7For #an" "ears 1D+e under)one bouts oha+in) to )asp -or air. 3uddenl" 1 can breathe easil".; When Mar" beca#e #ore rela2ed /ith her earliest #e#ories. /e pro)ressed on to a ti#e at /hich she /as three "ears old. 71 a# little and 1 a# in the /ater.; Mar" announced. 71 a# tr"in) to decide /hether to -loat out -ore+er or to )o back to shore. 1 decide to co#e back to land. but as 1 reach the shore. it is Bust as scar" as the open /ater.; 3he be)an to reali6e that e+en a child can harbour a death /ish. &t ten Mar" had an un-ortunate. debilitatin) se2ual e2perience /ith her -ather. 71 see #"sel- /earin) #" /hite saddle shoes.; she reported. 71D# lookin) at #" -atherDs bare -eet as he lies in bed. ?e /ants #e to co#e to hi#. Dad. 1 need "ou so #uch. Mother is killin) #e. 9ut 1 a# a-raid o- "ou.; 1 instructed Mar" to use all her /isdo# and inner stren)th to help that little )irl. 3he responded slo/l" and -ear-ull". 1n a later session Mar" +i+idl" recalled still another -ri)htenin) se2ual encounter /ith her -ather /hich re<uired #uch encoura)e#ent to deal /ith. 1n s#all. an2ious steps Mar" ca#e to -or)i+e the little )irl >li6abeth. 3he learned that she neednDt -eel )uilt -or the #olestation she su--ered. 1n ti#e she consciousl" recalled the assault b" her -ather at -i+e "ears o- a)e. and her thou)hts o- that period be)an to e#er)e. 1n one o- our -inal sessions. Mar"Ds -eelin)s about her #otherDs -ear-ul po/er o+er her beca#e per-ectl" clear. 3he /ent <uickl" do/n to the le+el o- h"pnosis that #ost suited her and be)an to report /hat she sa/ and -elt. 155

71tDs #" #otherCher Ro"al ?i)hnessCa)ain.; she obser+ed. 71 think she #ust sit at the ri)ht hand o- Hod. 3he is bendin) do/n to #e and /hisperin). O1 donDt lo+e hi#. so "ou #ust.D 7 1 asked Mar" /hat she /ould sa" to her #other. 7%o+e hi# "oursel-. "ou old /itch.; she replied /ith a thrill oan)er. 7ThatDs "our Bob. not #ine.; &s Mar" /orked throu)h these proble#s o+er the ne2t -e/ #onths. #an" chan)es occurred in her li-e. 3he /as able to /rite #ore -reel" and securel". 3oon she could allo/ her poe#s to be read. 3he reported that her -ear o- #en )raduall" di#inished. 3he beca#e #uch #ore sel-=asserti+e and enBo"ed ne/ sensations oe#otional securit". 9ut nothin). she said. )a+e her #ore pleasure than the -eelin)s o- -reedo# she e2perienced. @ne o- Mar"Ds an2ieties concerned her son. Jason. ?e /as a sh". retirin) bo" /ho /as al#ost totall" lackin) in sel-=assurance. 71t /as as i- he /as a-raid o- his bod". 1n h"pnosis 1 /as able to see the /orld throu)h his e"es and disco+er that 1 /as his proble#. 9ecause o- #" con-usion about lo+e and #" o/n se2ualit". 1 had reBected hi# since 1 had unconsciousl" -elt it /as /ron) to lo+e hi# in an" ph"sical /a".; Mar" /as enor#ousl" relie+ed to learn that it /as per#issible to e2press all o- her -eelin)s to/ard her son. 3he be)an to hu) and caress hi# as she had al/a"s /antedC/ith dra#atic results. Jason blosso#ed out. beco#in) a #ore con-ident and open "oun)ster. >li6abeth had )ro/n and #atured durin) therap" until she /as able to deal /ith li-e realisticall" rather than #erel" indul)e her -antasies. Mar" re)istered appro+al o- >li6abethDs intuiti+e perceptions and relied increasin)l" upon the -eelin)s o- the inner personalit". Whene+er a person chan)es his or her na#e. a subtle chan)e in identit" ine+itabl" -ollo/s. This occurs /hen a /o#an #arries and adopts her husbandDs -a#il" na#e or /hen a nickna#e is accepted or reBected. & na#e carries /ith it #an" unconscious associations. and thus the chan)in) o- oneDs na#e can result in the repression o- so#e or all o- its #an" associations. Thus /hen 15K

>li6abeth beca#e Mar". she con-or#ed to the beha+iours e2pected o- her and repressed the #an" -eelin)s attributable to >li6abeth /hich /ere not acceptable to her #other. &n"one /ho has a nickna#e can distin)uish the di--erent -eelin)s )enerated b" the nickna#e and the )i+en na#e. Mothers #ust unconsciousl" reco)ni6e this -act /hen the" use their childrenDs -ull )i+en na#e to address a serious proble# rather than the pet na#e used -or #ore -ri+olous #atters. Mar"=>li6abethDs h"pnoanal"sis a#pl" de#onstrated the po/er othe sentence. 74ou #ust not e2ist.; )i+en -or the cri#e o- bein) born /hen un/anted. ?er /hole li-e prior to therap" had been dedicated to concealin) part o- hersel- -ro# the /orld and e2posin) a -ront that /as -alse but acceptable. This denial o- her true sel- /as ine+itabl" the cause o- #uch pain. Mar"Ds protection o- >li6abeth /as seen as necessar" in order to a+oid bein) abandoned. 3he did this b" concealin) >li6abeth and declarin) to her that she had no ri)hts /hate+er to hersel- or her -eelin)s. >li6abethDs cries e+entuall" beca#e too stron) to be suppressed /hen in the encounter )roup situation she reali6ed that Mar" /as <uite /ron). >+er" hu#an bein) has a ri)ht to be lo+ed. Throu)hout therap" this ri)ht /as stressed repeatedl". Whene+er /e located an e2perience /hich /as renderin) it di--icult to retain acceptance o- this -unda#ental ri)ht. /e called upon her present increased kno/led)e and understandin) to sol+e the di--icult". 3he /as al/a"s success-ul. Mar"Ds histor" also e#phasi6es the i#portance o- the birth e2perience in the de+elop#ent o- an indi+idualDs concept ohersel-. 1n one o- our later #eetin)s. Mar" reli+ed her birth +i+idl". 1t /as clear that she /as e2periencin) a breech birth (i.e.. a -eet -irst birth) /ith all o- the intense and -ri)htenin) disco#-ort that a di--icult breech birth #ust in-lict upon a bab". There is al/a"s a period o- su--ocation. -or instance. bet/een the co#pression o- the u#bilical cord and the e+entual e#er)ence othe head /hich does not occur in a nor#al head -irst birth. 1t /as clear that #uch o- Mar"Ds -ear o- her #other be)an at this ti#e. -or her birth see#ed like a li-e=and=death stru))le bet/een 15!

bab" and #other. and she concluded that her #other had al#ost /on. 3he could there-ore ne+er risk reen)a)in) in battle /ith her #other. This accounted -or the i##ense po/er that Mar"Ds #other /ielded o+er her throu)h the "ears. To re#ain >li6abeth /as to risk the annihilation that had al#ost occurred at birth. >li6abethDs conte#plation o- suicide at the a)e o- three probabl" arose -ro# the unconscious -eelin) that #otherDs deepl" needed appro+al could. in the last resort. be obtained b" concedin) +ictor" and lea+in) the scene -ore+er. Fortunatel" -or Mar". she dealt /ith this proble# b" the e2cellent co#pro#ise o- concealin) >li6abeth and presentin) her #other /ith the non=co#batant Mar". & +er" interestin) -eature o- Mar"=>li6abethDs stor" is the #anner in /hich her children responded so dra#aticall" to her therap". 1t /as <uite apparent that the in-or#ation re)ardin) her childrenDs proble#s and the solutions /ere a+ailable to her at an unconscious le+el. 1 ha+e con-ir#ed this on #an" occasions /hile treatin) other patients /ith proble# children.

+. !.).
3o#e people #i)ht ha+e called #e an alcoholic. but 1 /ould ne+er ha+e applied that label to #"sel-. 1 /ould )o -or lon) periods /ithout a drink but then. -or no reason that 1 could disco+er. deliberatel" )et +er" drunk and re#ain in that condition -or a -e/ da"s. &s 1 look back on this period no/. 1 reco)ni6e ho/ 1 used to beco#e increasin)l" depressed until 1 kne/ 1 /as headin) -or another bin)e. &round the a)e o- t/ent"=one 1 Boined )roup drinkin) in bars. More recentl" 1 be)an to drink alone. 1 ha+e al/a"s been a loner. and "et a -e/ dear -riends reall" see# to care about #e. 3ince 1 /ould do nothin) to hurt the#. 1 -elt +er" asha#ed /hen 1 kne/ ho/ #" drinkin) sprees a--ected the#. 1 o-ten pro#ised #" )irl-riend that 1 /ould tr" to re#ain sober. but 1 al/a"s kne/ that 1 /ould let her do/nCand. ocourse. 1 did. &t ti#es. /hen 1 -elt sure that 1 could lick #" drinkin) proble#. 1 could ne+er understand /h" #" resolutions pro+ed to be so /eak. 1 /ould ha+e done an"thin) to #ake her happ". but sel-=control see#ed be"ond #e.

15'

&t her su))estion 1 called Dr. 9arnettDs o--ice -or an appoint#ent to see i- he could help. -or he had been able to understand her s#okin) habit. Durin) #" -irst +isit 1 underpla"ed #" drinkin) proble# because 1 had not been on a bin)e -or t/o #onths and 1 /as -eelin) that 1 reall" had it licked. 1nstead. 1 talked about another proble# that 1 had e2perienced -or "earsC-eelin) +er" unco#-ortable /ith people. especiall" i- #ore than t/o or three people /ere present. &t parties 1 si#pl" -ro6e and couldnDt /ait to slip a/a" unnoticed. 1 onl" /ent to parties because #" -riends thou)ht 1 should. Dr. 9arnett asked #e /hether 1 -elt that 1 did not belon). 1 a)reed that this /as e2actl" ho/ 1 -elt. @n #an" occasions in a )roup 1 had sensed that 1 had nothin) in co##on /ith an" o- the#. 1t /as al#ost as i- the" /ere talkin) a lan)ua)e 1 could not understand. 4et 1 kno/ that 1 a# a reasonabl" intelli)ent person and. althou)h lar)el" sel-=educated. possess a -air kno/led)e othe /orld around #e. 9ut 1 al/a"s -elt inade<uate /hen co#pared to e+er"one else. no #atter /ho the" /ere. 1 e+en -elt in-erior to #" )irl-riend at ti#es. and she ne+er did an"thin) to put #e do/n. Dr. 9arnett asked #e i- 1 liked #"sel-. 1 had to consider that <uestion care-ull" -or a /hile. 1t /as a ne/ thou)ht. but in the end 1 concluded that 1 reall" did not think hi)hl" o- #"sel-. &t the a)e o- ei)hteen 1 /as told b" #" parents that the" had adopted #e shortl" a-ter birth. The" ha+e al/a"s been +er" )ood to #e. and 1 ha+e al/a"s enBo"ed a stron) relationship /ith the#. 1 do not think that the in-or#ation about #" adoption bothered #e at all. &ctuall". 1 ne+er thou)ht #uch about #" real parents. When Dr. 9arnett tested #e -or #" abilit" to enter h"pnosis. 1 -eared that 1 /ould not be able to respond to an" o- his su))estions. &ssurin) #e that 1 si#pl" needed to rela2. he asked #e to close #" e"es and let #" unconscious #ind )i+e one si)nal -or 7"es; and another -or 7no.; To #" surprise. #" ri)ht inde2 -in)er li-ted /hen 1 thou)ht 7"es.; #" ri)ht thu#b /hen 1 thou)ht 7no.; 1t /as an uncann" -eelin). particularl" since 1 kne/ that 1 /as /ide a/ake. Dr. 9arnett see#ed to be satis-ied. and he asked #e to let #" -in)ers #o+e in an" /a" the" /anted.

15

?e asked #" unconscious #e#or" to return to #" birth. and 1 /as surprised to -eel #" -in)er li-t. indicatin) that #" unconscious #ind /as there. 1 /as shocked /hen it si)nalled that 1 had -elt un/anted at #" birth. Dr. 9urnett /ent on to ask #e i- 1 -elt )uilt" about bein) born. and #" -in)ers ans/ered /ith an e#phatic 7"es.; &ns/ers to -urther <uestions su))ested that be-ore 1 /as born. 1 had heard #" #other sa" that she did not /ant #e at all. 1 /as surprised and con-used b" these ans/ers and /ondered /hether #" unconscious #ind could reall" be cooperatin). Dr. 9arnett asked #e i- 1 could accept #"sel- as a person as )ood and as i#portant as an" other hu#an bein). 1 re#e#ber that #" 7no; thu#b li-tedCand 1 /as not surprised. 1 /as be/ildered b" #" -irst +isit. concludin) that 1 had not been h"pnoti6ed at all. 1 could ha+e opened #" e"es at an" ti#e and /alked out o- the o--iceC1 a# sure o- that. 9ut 1 -ound the in+oluntar" #o+e#ents o- #" -in)ers surprisin). The" see#ed to ha+e a li-e and #ind o- their o/n. To sa" that 1 /as shocked b" the ans/ers the" supplied /ould be an understate#ent. 1 /as ea)er to return -or -urther therap" in order to hear /hat #" unconscious #ind /ould re+eal throu)h #" -in)ers. &t subse<uent sessions 1 beca#e con+inced that #" unconscious #ind. /ith its a#a6in) access to buried #e#ories. /as indeed ans/erin) Dr. 9arnettDs penetratin) <uestions. We #et e+er" t/o /eeks at -irst. later once a #onth. Dr. 9arnett e2plained that the unconscious #ind cannot be pushed. 1t /ill #o+e at its o/n pace. and e2cessi+el" -re<uent sessions acco#plish no #ore than /isel" spaced appoint#ents. 1n the -irst -e/ #eetin)s #" unconscious #ind consistentl" located all o- #" proble#s in the period be-ore birth. 1t later /ent on to de-ine #" #otherDs reBection o- #e in e+en #ore positi+e ter#s. &s ti#e /ent on. 1 see#ed to be han)in) on to an intense hurt that resisted all o- Dr. 9arnettDs e--ort to persuade #e to relin<uish. %ittle b" little 1 learned that #" #other #ade three deter#ined atte#pts to kill #e be-ore #" birth. 8nconsciousl" 1 /as a-raid o#" #other and +er" an)r" /ith her. 1t see#ed that 1 had dealt /ith this an)er b" -ocusin) it upon #"sel-. 1n other /ords. 1 /as 1K0

an)r" at #"sel- -or bein) born. 1 learned that b" settin) #"selapart -ro# the /orld. 1 /as punishin) #"sel- -or enterin) this /orld. We later disco+ered an e+en deeper part o- #" unconscious selthat /as hurtin) +er" badl" as a result o- all this. This part desperatel" /anted to be a part o- li-e but had disco+ered an escape -ro# all o- its pain throu)h alcohol. &bout this ti#e in therap" 1 reco)ni6ed the hopeless -eelin) that 1 had al/a"s kno/n Bust be-ore )oin) on an alcoholic bin)e. and it no/ #ade sense. 1 /as usin) alcohol to 7die; in the /a" 1 /as supposed to ha+e done be-ore birth. Three #onths a-ter therap" be)an. /e e2perienced the -irst real breakthrou)h. Dr. 9arnett -orced the punishin) part o- #e to ad#it that 1 had been tor#ented lon) enou)h -or allo/in) #"selto li+e. ?o/e+er. he could not )et it to a)ree to end punish#ent at that session. &t the +er" ne2t session #" unconscious #ind indicated a clear i#a)e o- #" #other at #" birth. 3he appeared to be dead. althou)h she /as probabl" onl" unconscious. 1t see#ed as i- 1 -elt responsible -or her 7death; and had to )o on punishin) #"sel-. @nce a)ain Dr. 9arnett had )reat di--icult" in persuadin) #" unconscious #ind that #" #other /as probabl" not dead and that. e+en i- she /ere. 1 could not be held responsible. More than si2 #onths a-ter the co##ence#ent o- therap". #" unconscious si)nals indicated a #arked lessenin) o- )uilt and a real opti#is# about its e+entual disappearance. Durin) this period 1 drank onl" inter#ittentl". and 1 noticed se+eral other i#portant chan)es occurrin) /ithin #e. 1 be)an to -eel #ore rela2ed in the co#pan" o- othersJ durin) so#e periods 1 -ound #"sel- -eelin) +er" )ood to/ard #"sel-. &t ti#es 1 e+en asserted #"sel- as 1 had ne+er done be-ore. 1 /as be)innin) to be able to tell people e2actl" ho/ 1 -elt. /hereas 1 had al/a"s kept #" true -eelin)s care-ull" hidden -or -ear that the" /ould upset people. 1 no/ -ound that people /ere respondin) to #e. 1t /as an e2citin). ne/ -eelin). and 1 /as likin) #e. More than nine #onths a-ter /e started therap". the bi) da" 1 had been /aitin) -or arri+ed. M" unconscious #ind si)nalled that 1 had 1K1

been co#pletel" -or)i+en and that there /ould be no -urther punish#ent. 1 /as -ree at last. 1 could -inall" accept #"sel- as a nor#al hu#an bein). 3ince that da" thin)s ha+e i#pro+ed re#arkabl"Cso #uch so that 1 so#eti#es /onder i- it has all been true. @- course. 1 still su--er 7do/n; periods. but the" are ne+er bad enou)h to #ake #e )o on bin)es. 1 kno/ that 1 /ill continue to drink occasionall". but 1 ha+e an absolute con+iction /ithin #e that 1 /ill ne+er need to succu#b to another bin)e. That. -or #e. spells -reedo#. 1 a# enBo"in) each da" that co#es and no lon)er ha+e an" disco#-ort in a cro/d opeople. 1n -act. 1 rather like #eetin) ne/ people. -or 1 ne+er see# to ha+e di--icult" -indin) so#ethin) to talk about. The last ti#e that 1 +isited Dr. 9arnettDs o--ice 1 kne/ 1 /ouldnDt need to return. 1 had stron). positi+e -eelin)s. &lthou)h 1 /as certain then. as 1 a# no/. that proble#s /ould ine+itabl" arise. 1 -elt con-ident that 1 could deal /ith the# /ithout -urther help. 1 told Dr. 9urnett that 1 had at last reached #" obBecti+e and /ould not be returnin) unless 1 ran into a proble# 1 could not handle.

Dr. Barnett )o""ents:

M.(.Ds case illustrates that h"pnoanal"sis can help e+en the patient /ho is de#onstrabl" an unsatis-actor" h"pnotic subBect. Man" h"pnotherapists /ould ha+e re)arded M.(. as unh"pnoti6able because o- his poor responses to su))estion. 1n spite o- this. he /as able to locate and deal /ith se+ere prenatal trau#aCanal"sts /ould ha+e considered this unthinkable a -e/ "ears a)o. M.(.Ds e2periences had locked hi# up in the prison o- )uilt /ith the a/-ul sentence 74ou #ust not e2ist; o+er his head. 1 kno/ ono other therap" /hich could ha+e success-ull" en)ineered his escape -ro# this prison. 1 learned -ro# M.(. that no #atter ho/ black thin)s appear initiall" durin) therap". persistence /ill #eet /ith success. ?e deser+es co##endation -or perse+erin) /ith therap" /hen the initial pro)ress /as slo/. &s one considers that the total period otherap" /as less than a "ear. this does not see# to be so unusual. particularl" /hen one hears o- other less success-ul 1K2

approaches co#plete.

to

e#otional

proble#s

takin)

se+eral "ears

to

M.(. has re#ained /ell. and 1 belie+e that he /ill continue -ree -ro# the need -or alcoholic bin)es.

1KF

1KG

Chapter *ifteen Healin%

M" /hole li-e has been de+oted to the stud" and the practice ohealin). 8n-ortunatel". ho/e+er. a ph"sician spends a )reat deal o- his ti#e stud"in) disease and insu--icient ti#e in+esti)atin) health. The diseases are so nu#erous and co#ple2 that the" occup" #ost o- his thinkin). ?e co#es to re)ard disease as an ene#" /hich #ust be hunted do/n and destro"ed. 1n the case othe in-ecti+e diseases. o- course. this is a +er" rational approach. -ollo/in) naturall" upon the older concept o- de+ils inhabitin) the bod" and causin) disease. 1n-ecti+e or)anis#s can o-ten be detected b" #odern techni<ues. and in these da"s o- antibiotics #an" speci-ic a)ents are a+ailable -or their destruction. This approach has pro+ed to be so enor#ousl" success-ul in #an" o- the in-ecti+e diseases that #odern #edicine tends to i)nore the de-enses /hich the bod" has e+ol+ed o+er the centuries o- #anDs de+elop#ent to co#bat such in-ections. 1t is true that these de-enses #a" be o+er/hel#ed b" the se+erit" o- the in-ection. and the inter+ention o- speci-ic therap" has /rou)ht #iracles in thousands upon thousands ocases in recent "ears. 1 deplore the tendenc" o- #odern #edicine to i)nore the role o- the bod"Ds de-enses in dealin) /ith disease. This is particularl" i#portant /hen /e look at the non=in-ecti+e diseases. since our control o- these re#ains disappointin). The pro)ress o- #odern obstetrics has been #arked b" a tendenc" to i)nore the bod"Ds o/n inherent de-enses and to replace the# /ith #an=#ade appliances and inter+ention so that the bod"Ds abilit" to handle nor#al childbirth is ha#pered b" dru)s. sur)ical inter+ention and ne)ati+e su))estions. 3uch inter+entions. /e are told. #ake childbirth sa-er -or the #other and the child. but under closer scrutin" this rationale has recentl" been -ound to carr" #uch less truth than /ould at -irst appear. &s a )eneral ph"sician /ith a lon) e2perience o- success-ul ho#e deli+eries /here inter-erence in the nor#al processes o- childbirth 1K5

/as #ini#al. 1 applaud the e--orts o- those /ho oppose the increasin) #echani6ation o- obstetrics. 1 do so on the basis o- the belie- i#plicit throu)hout this bookCthat /e possess resources to deal /ith our proble#s so lon) as /e allo/ oursel+es to call upon the#. @ur s"#pto#atic control o- disease is i#pro+in) steadil" so that b" the use o- dru)s and sur)er" /e can secure a #easure oco#-ort /here be-ore there /as none. 9ut the non=in-ecti+e diseases. /hich include cancer. heart disease. ps"choso#atic diseases and the de)enerati+e disorders. continue to pose proble#s in therap" /hich ha+e "et to be resol+ed. Medical science understands so#e o- the #echanis#s b" /hich the bod" conducts its healin). The action o- the leucoc"tes in de+ourin) -orei)n in+aders is certainl" /ell=docu#ented. and the -or#ation o- speci-ic en6"#es to pro#ote che#ical chan)es -a+ourable -or healin) and the production o- antibodies to help i##obili6e the anta)onists ha+e also been subBected to intensi+e stud". ,ot clearl" understood is the /ide +ariation o- healin) responses in di--erent indi+iduals so that in an epide#ic o- an in-ecti+e disease. so#e /ill sur+i+e unscathed and others /ill succu#b. &lso. /e do not kno/ /h" non=in-ecti+e diseases /ill occur #ore readil" in so#e indi+iduals than in others. Without a doubt. the ps"choso#atic disorders re-lect a distinct e#otional back)round. 1t is also a)reed that personalit" pla"s a part in cardio+ascular diseases and e+en in such a purel" ph"sical pheno#enon as proneness to inBur". There is e+en so#e e+idence to support the contention that cancer su--erers ha+e a tendenc" to/ards a )uilt ridden. ne)ati+e personalit". This su))ests that disease is +er" #uch in-luenced b" #ental attitudes. >+er" ph"sician at so#e ti#e in his career has #et the patient /hose reco+er" -ro# an illness has been undul" prolon)ed. 1n such people a 7/ill to die; retards reco+er" and #a" e+en e--ecti+el" pre+ent it. $h"sicians ha+e -re<uentl" been a#a6ed at the rapidit" /ith /hich so#e deter#ined indi+iduals /ill reco+er -ro# a se+ere illness or sur)ical procedure. These -indin)s indicate that the unconscious #ind can pla" a direct part in the process o- healin). @ur unconscious resources are still onl" +a)uel" understood and re#ain lar)el" untapped. 1KK

Those o- us /ho /ork /ith h"pnosis ha+e accrued e2perience /ith patients /ho. under the in-luence o- h"pnotic su))estion. ha+e #ade an unusual reco+er" -ro# chronic illnesses /hich ha+e de-ied con+entional therap". 1t has also been conclusi+el" pro+en that the bod" /ill heal #uch #ore rapidl" -ro# #inor inBuries and burns i- h"pnotic su))estion is used as an ele#ent o- the therap". The unconscious #ind is presu#abl" pa"in) closer attention in h"pnosis to /hat is bein) said than it /ould nor#all". $atients /ho ha+e been )i+en instructions to heal /hile under an aesthetic /ill o-ten do better than those /ho ha+e not been )i+en such su))estions. Dentists /ho ad#inister su))estions in h"pnosis ha+e repeatedl" noted the decrease in bleedin) and disco#-ort that occurs a-ter dental sur)er". The" ha+e also obser+ed that the )u#s heal +er" <uickl". 3u))estionDs potent e--ect on reco+er" is labelled b" orthodo2 #edicine as the placebo e--ect. Whene+er an" #edication or procedure is ad#inistered /ith the e2pectation that it /ill ha+e a )i+en e--ect. a proportion o- patients /ill indeed e2perience that e--ect re)ardless o- the #edication e#plo"ed. 1n so#e cases it appears su--icient onl" -or the patient to belie+e that the #edicine /ill produce the desired e--ect -or it to occur. This 7placebo; e--ect #akes it e2tre#el" di--icult to e+aluate the intrinsic +alue o- a ne/ dru) in hu#an bein)s. Totall" inert su)ar pills. -or instance. ha+e been e--ecti+e in relie+in) se+ere post=operati+e pain in about thirt" percent o- patients /ho belie+ed that the" /ere recei+in) stron) pain=relie+in) #edication. ?o/ the unconscious #ind can carr" out these instructions to pro#ote healin) is still so#e/hat o- a #"ster". althou)h so#e e+idence su))ests that it operates +ia the autono#ic ner+ous s"ste#C that part o- the ner+ous s"ste# /hich. thou)h +er" co#ple2. is not under conscious control. &ll e2a#ples o- -aith healin) #a" act in this #anner. -or there is al/a"s the hope. as /ell as the e2pectation. o- healin) prior to the cere#on". /hich pro+ides the si)nal -or the unconscious #ind to set the healin) process in #otion. 1t has lon) been kno/n that /arts can be cured b" +arious pro0 cedures recorded in -olklore. @nce a)ain it is probable that the 1K!

e2pectation o- healin) initiates the unconscious #echanis#s. 1n the case o- /arts /e can speculate that. b" controllin) the blood +essels to the /arts and reducin) the suppl" o- blood in the area. the unconscious #ind causes the# to die -ro# star+ation. We kno/ that this particular #echanis# is possible since blanchin) othe skin due to constriction o- the blood +essels in the skin -ollo/in) appropriate su))estions is de#onstrable in certain people. More recentl" /e ha+e learned that so#e people d"in) o7incurable; cancer ha+e been able to arrest and e+en re+erse the pro)ress o- their disease b" usin) i#a)er" techni<ues si#ilar to those utili6ed in sel-=h"pnosis. 1n all cases /here su))estion. ho/e+er applied. e--ects healin). /e can assu#e that the resources -or healin) /ere alread" present but /ere either not bein) used at all or /ere insu--icientl" #obili6ed. The su))estion then #erel" encoura)es the bod" to -ull" acti+ate its a+ailable resources. ?ae#ophilia. a /ell=kno/n bleedin) disorder. results -ro# a hereditar" de-icienc" o- an i#portant clottin) -actor. This -actor #a" be #ore de-icient at so#e ti#es than others. /hich accounts -or the periodicit" o- the disease. 3u))estion in h"pnosis /ill encoura)e the bod" to increase the a#ount o- the de-icient -actor su--icientl" to control bleedin). ?ae#ophiliacs there-ore can use this #echanis# in addition to unconscious control o- da#a)ed blood +essels to re)ulate bleedin) /hen subBected to inBur". 1n li)ht o- all the e+idence a+ailable to t/entieth centur" science /e #ust ask. Wh" do /e not al/a"s -ull" use our unconscious resources -or healin)I Luite possibl" the bod"Ds nor#al healin) resources are unconsciousl" inhibited in certain cases. 9ut /hen anal"tical #ethods are applied. a need -or sel-=punish#ent. resultin) -ro# unresol+ed -eelin)s o- )uilt. #a" be unco+ered. 3uch a need /ill account -or the 7/ill to die; that 1 ha+e alread" #entioned. @nl" b" the resolution o- e#otional proble#s /hich #a" still e2ist at the unconscious le+el can the inhibition o- the unconscious resources -or healin) be re#o+ed and nor#al healin) established. Fortunatel". co##unication /ith the unconscious #ind is -acilitated b" h"pnosis. and su))estions )i+en in this 1K'

unconsciousl" attenti+e state can. /hen acceptable. be e2tre#el" e--ecti+e. 3ince /e #ust reco)ni6e that dru)s and sur)er" /ill ne+er pro+ide the ans/er to #ore than a si)ni-icant #inorit" o- disorders. it is hoped that orthodo2 #edicine /ill e+entuall" reco)ni6e that the enor#ous potential o- the unconscious #ind -or healin) is a+ailable -or the askin). 1t is #" sincere hope that all o- the a+enues -or tappin) these resources /ill e+entuall" be -ull" researched. &n e+en #ore e--ecti+e #eans o- acco#plishin) this than b" the use o- h"pnosis #a" e+entuall" be disco+ered.

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1!0

Chapter Si<teen Summin% U(

Freedo# is the birthri)ht o- e+er" hu#an bein). but #an" o- us ha+e ne+er -elt -reedo# and do not reali6e that /e ha+e a ri)ht to it. 1n these pa)es 1 ha+e tried to charter the path/a" that 1 ha+e -ound to -reedo#. one /hich 1 hope #an" /ill be encoura)ed to -ollo/. @n #" consultin) roo# /all han)s a cop" o- Frederick $erlsD Hestalt pra"er. 1 turn to it /hene+er 1 encounter an" di--icult" in conductin) #" patients out o- their #ental prisons to -reedo#N

I do my thing and you do your thing I am not in this world to live up to your expectations And you are not in this world to live up to mine You are you and I am I And if by chance we find each other It is beautiful
These /ords su# up /hat 1 tr" to do in h"pnotherap" and indicate the route that 1 take /ith #" patients.

I do my thing and you do your thing.

Fe/ o- #" patients can -ull" understand this -irst phrase. &ll too -re<uentl" the" are not a/are o- an 71.; The" ha+e so repressed the (hild /ithin the#sel+es that this phrase #akes no sense to the#. &nd /ithout an 71.; one can ha+e no 7thin).; 1!1

Much o- our initial /ork to)ether is taken up /ith disco+erin) the 71; and deter#inin) his 7thin).; ?ere the initial unco+erin) tech0 ni<ues o- anal"tical h"pnotherap" are e2tre#el" i#portant. 9" deter#inin) the critical e2periences /hen the 71; /as hidden. /e can #ake the chan)e -ro# i#prison#ent to -reedo#.

I am not in this world to live up to your expectations. Most

o- #" patients ha+e )eared their li+es to the e2pectations oothersC especiall" #other. This thou)ht co#es as a blindin) re+elation to the#. -or the" ha+e ne+er be-ore considered that there could be an" other reason -or e2istence. 4et it is onl" /hen one ceases to li+e up to the e2pectations o- others that the )ates to -reedo# be)in to s/in) open and the chains o- )uilt -all a/a". This idea is so ne/ to people that onl" the ne2t sentence enables the# to accept itCAnd you are not in this world to live up to mine. The -airness o- this phrase is strikin)l" irresistible. 1n this phrase appears the essential e<ualit" o- #an /hich is also stressed b" the ne2t phrase. You are you and I am I. 3uch an a--ir#ation e2presses the essential i#portance and )oodness ohu#an bein)s /hich is stressed durin) therap". 1n it can be heard the sense o- purpose in each hu#an bein)Ds e2istence /hich is underlined b" the -inal phrase. And if by chance we find each other it is beautiful. %i-e is Bust a series o- chances. "et its purpose is de-ined b" the chance #eetin) o- independent. -ree. i#portant. sel-=acceptin) indi+iduals. The beaut" o- these #eetin)s cannot be described. 1t can onl" be -elt. Freed prisoners can e2perience this beaut" and the happiness it brin)s #an" ti#es each da". &lthou)h this book de#onstrates the /a" in /hich anal"tical h"pnotherap" can be used to )ain -reedo#. h"pnosis is onl" one o- the #an" /a"s in /hich an escape -ro# the prisons o- the #ind can be a--ected. Man" reli)ions can attest to the -act that sel-= acceptance has led to the beaut" o- -reedo#. M" #ain )oal has been to sho/ that #an" o- us are li+in) needlessl" i#po+erished li+es. We are /astin) ti#e /hich could be li+ed -ull". (ritics o- the anal"tical approach to therap" ha+e repeatedl" insisted that the past is -inished. that /e should -or)et it and )et on /ith li+in) in the present. 1 ha+e no <uarrel /ith this point o+ie/. ?o/e+er. anal"tical h"pnotherap" reco)ni6es that #an" o1!2

us are unconsciousl" bound to and ruled b" our past. /hich pre+ents us -ro# li+in) -ull" in the present. The -ree indi+idual is unshackled -ro# his past. ?is -or#er da"s ser+e as interestin) histor". nothin) #ore. The" no lon)er ha+e the po/er to pre+ent hi# -ro# respondin) to the present si#pl" and honestl". ?e has no -urther need to protect hi#sel- -ro# the past. The -reed indi+idual can -ull" respect all o- his internal responses. The" are )ood. Hod=)i+enCpresent in all o- us to protect and )uide us. each keepin) us in-or#ed about the /orld in /hich /e li+e. &lthou)h /e represent +ar"in) +ie/points. /e can a)ree to respect both our +ie/s and those o- our -ello/ hu#an bein)s. Freed indi+iduals beco#e #uch #ore tolerant o- their -ello/s. The" al/a"s appear to be at peace /ith the#sel+es and do not #ake undue de#ands upon others. The" are able to accept pain and deal /ith it. &s hi)hl" sel-=protecti+e people. the" ne+er allo/ an"one to cause the# to de+alue the#sel+es. ,ot belie+in) in essential e+il. the" are a/are that prisoners in tor#ent /ill endea+our to in-lict so#e o- their pain upon their -ello/s. The" -ir#l" belie+e that the /orld /ould indeed be at peace should each hu#an bein) -ull" accept hi#sel-. M" /ork /ith anal"tical h"pnotherap" has tau)ht #e the tre#endous i#portance o- the #otherAchild relationship. 1t has repeatedl" e#phasi6ed that proble#s occur /hen a child has -elt reBected b" its #other -ollo/in) conception and indicates that a race o- -ree people /ill probabl" ne+er reall" arise until /e can create a race o- -ree #othersC#others /ho reall" accept and respect the#sel+es as people.

So"e Thoughts on ,oneliness

>+er"one is alone. Fe/ o- us are 7all one.; 9ut /hen /e beco#e all one. /e no lon)er -eel lonel". e+en /hen /e are alone. %oneliness results -ro# reBection o- part o- the sel- so that one portion -eels cut o--. isolated and a-raid. To banish loneliness. /e need to be totall" and unreser+edl" sel-=acceptin). We can then beco#e and re#ain all one. This /ill be di--icult i-. /hen reBected b" others. /e reBect oursel+es. 1!F

We there-ore need to continue to accept oursel+es in the -ace oreBection b" others. We #ust not depend upon their acceptance in order to )ain sel-=appro+al. When /e beco#e a/are o- our #oti+ation -or cra+in) acceptance b" others. o-ten at the cost o- sel-=reBection. /e disco+er the #eans to -ree oursel+es -ro# that need. The e2orbitant price osel-=reBection. that o- e#otional and ph"sical ill health. need no lon)er be paid.

So"e Thoughts on Responsibility

Within our personalities certain assets and liabilities -or# an inte)ral part o- nature. We alone are responsible -or the person /e are. and /e cannot trans-er that responsibilit" to an"one else. We are also accountable -or our actions and -eelin)sJ /e cannot bla#e the# on others. The -reed indi+idual accepts his -unda#ental responsibilities. /hereas the prisoner o- the #ind constantl" seeks to assi)n his to others. The -reed indi+idual re-uses to accept the responsibilities o- another since he belie+es in the abilit" o- each indi+idual to -ul-il his o/n responsibilities. &lthou)h a -reed indi+idual #a" respond to another personDs actions /ith -eelin)s o- an)er. hurt or -ear. he does not bla#e that person -or his disco#-ort. ?e accepts responsibilit" -or it hi#seland deals /ith it appropriatel". (on+ersel". should his o/n actions result in a ne)ati+e response -ro# another person. he #a" rue that -act. but he /ill not accept responsibilit" -or it and is under no pressure to resol+e it. The -reed indi+idual can be o- )reat help to his co#rades since he ne+er seeks to -ind solutions to their proble#s but instead encour0 a)es the# to use their o/n resources to resol+e personal proble#s.

So"e Thoughts on ,o-ing

To lo+e so#eone is to be at peace /ith the#. The )reater the peace. the )reater the lo+e. %o+in) cannot e2ist in the presence o1!G

an)er. -or an)er ine+itabl" disrupts peace. ?o/e+er. it is al/a"s possible to dissol+e an)er and to return to lo+in). Fre<uentl" con-used /ith needin). /hich creates a de#andin) relationship in /hich peace is a rare in)redient. lo+in) #akes no de#ands upon an"one. 1t is totall" acceptin) o- the person lo+ed. The -reed indi+idual -irst and -ore#ost is at peace /ith hi#sel- and there-ore lo+es hi#sel-. ?e is totall" sel-=acceptin). 9ecause othis. he does not constantl" need to be co#-orted. This de#and -or co#-ortin) is o-ten con-used /ith lo+e b" those /ho are i#prisoned. 9ecause he is at peace /ith hi#sel-. the -reed indi+idual /ill enBo" a tran<uil relationship /ith #an" o- his -ello/ hu#an bein)s. ?e is able to lo+e the#. and his capacit" -or lo+in) is li#itless. %i+in) is lo+in). The person /ho cannot lo+e is dead. The -reed indi+idual is li+in) because he ne+er ceases lo+in).

So"e Thoughts on '%uality in &u"an Beings

The philosoph" upon /hich anal"tical h"pnotherap" is based stresses the basic )oodness and uni-or# i#portance o- hu#anit". The co#ple2it" o- hu#an bein)s #akes the# the #ost /onder-ul product that /e kno/ o- in this trul" /onder-ul uni+erse. The di--erences a#on) us all. /hich re-lect the e2tre#e co#ple2it" oeach hu#an bein). are #ini#alCand relati+el" insi)ni-icant. The tendenc" to re)ard the /ealth". the cle+er. the beauti-ul or the stron) as 7#ore e<ual; than others #ust be resisted. -or it clouds the reco)nition o- the basic -act o- hu#an si#ilarit" and i#portance. >ach o- us enters and lea+es this /orld in the sa#e /a". The st"le o- our entrance and e2it /ill di--er. but this +ariance is not under our control. We all possess si#ilar #ental. ph"sical and e#otional e<uip#ent /hich di--ers in detail onl". The philosoph" o- basic hu#an e<ualit" is -unda#ental to success-ul therap". The -reed indi+idualDs acceptance o- his e<ualit" /ith his -ello/ hu#an bein)s liberates hi# -ro# the co#pulsion to pro+e hi#selbetter than others. Thus he is a totall" inte)rated personalit". 1!5

deri+in) ener)" -ro# the (hild. nurturin) -ro# the $arent and control -ro# the &dult.

1!K

1!!

),)", $RAPH( &lberti. R.>. P M.%. >##ons. 4our $er-ect Ri)ht. 3an %uis @bispo. (ali-orniaN 1#pact. 1 !0. &r#s. 3u6anne. 1##aculate Deception. ?ou)hton Mi--lin. 1 !5. 9erne. >ric. Transactional &nal"sis in $s"chotherap". Hro+e $ress 1nc.. 1 K1. 9erne. >ric. What do "ou sa" a-ter "ou sa" helloI Hro+e $ress 1nc.. 1 !2. 9erhei#. ?. ?"pnosis and 3u))estion in $s"chotherap". Jason &ronson 1nc.. 1 !F. 9irnbau#. Jack. (r" &n)er. Heneral $ublishin) (o. %td.. 1 !F. 9randon. ,athaniel. (orporation. 1 !2. The Diso/ned 3el-. ,ash $ublishin)

(heek. Da+id P %e(ron %esie. (linical ?"pnotherap". Hrune P 3tration. Flach. Frederic R. The 3ecret 3tren)th o- Depression. J.9. %ippincott. 1 !G. ?arris. Tho#as &. 1D# @.5. 4ouDre @.5. ?arper P Ro/. 1 K!. ?ull. (lark %. ?"pnosis and 3u))estibilit". (o#pan" 1nc.. 1 !5. D. &ppleton=(e#ur"

?il)ard. >rnest R. The >2perience o- ?"pnosis. ?arcourt 9race P World 1nc.. 1 K'. ?il)ard. >rnest R. Di+ided (onsciousness. John Wile" P 3ons. 1 !!. %eonidas. $ro-essor. 3ecrets o- 3ta)e ?"pnotis#. ,e/castle $ublishin) (o#pan" 1nc.. 1 !5. Marks. 1.M. Fears and $hobias. ?ein#ann %ondon. 1 K . 1!'

$erls. Frit6. The Hestall &pproach. 3cience P 9eha+iour 9ooks. 1 !F. $eter-". Heor)e. ?"pnosis. (hapter 1F. 7$s"choso#atic Medicine.; ?arper P Ro/. >dited b" Wittko/er P Warnes. ?arper P Ro/. 1 K!. Rubin. Theodore 1. (o#passion and 3el- ?ale. Da+id Mc5a" (o.. 1nc. ,e/ 4ork. 1 !5. 3eabur". Da+id. The &rt o- 3el-ishness. Julian Messner. 1 KG. 3i#onton. @.(.. Matthe/s=3i#onton 3. P (rei)hton J. Hettin) Well &)ain. J.$. Tarcher. %os &n)eles. 1 !'. 3tein. >.E. HuiltN Theor" and Therap". Heor)e &llen P 8n/in %td.. %ondon. 1 K . Tec. %eon. The Fear o- 3uccess. ReaderDs Di)est $ress. 1 !K.

1!