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1 Youmustfastenyoursafetybe/to fasten' safety belt2__~stop'here____________smoke4~_tnrnleftSwear'helmet6walk,onthegrass III Thelimitsofmylanguagearethelimitsofmyworld. cCompletethesentenceswith mustn't or don'thaveto. 1I don'thaveto wearauniformtosebool.2Yousmokeinapetrolstation. 3 Youdothehouseworkeveryday.4Youtouchthatwall.Thepaint'sstillwet. S Youclimbupthereit'sdangerous. 6I getupearlyatweekends. fW@I. Student'slSookp.134
GrammarBankSC 2listenSknees6know 8 sign' 9 walk half b Practisesayingthewords. 3 VOCABULARY modifiers Orderthewordstomakesentences.British I AmericanEnglish'similar'very'are,and BritishandAmericanEnglishareverysimilar. 2 can' pronunciation'English'quite I difficult'beEnglish~__~_ 3 Japanese'learuing,isn't'easy'veryuaruing~ 4I' Hungarian'think,complicated' is, incredibly I~ S is'bit'Czech'a'easierCzech~___ 6 Reading'is,vocabulary'a'to,way'really'useful'learnReading~ 4READING a Readtheopinionsaboutlearninglangnages.Whichdoyou think arethethreebestideas? Ana,student,Spain Ithinkyouhavetoconcentrateonpronunciationfromthebeginning.Youdon'thavetopronouncewordsper fectJy,butyoumustn'tpronouncetheminawaythatpeoplewon'tunderstand. t practiseEn~ishpronunciationbyrepeatingwordsafterthetapeorbysayingthewordsinmyhead. Elke,languageteacher,Sweden
Youhavetolistentothelanguageasmuchasyoucan.InSwedenalotofpeoplespeakverygoodEn~ish,an dlthinkil's bCompletethesentenceswiththe peop'e's names. Ana saysthatyoudon'tneedtohaveperfectpronunciation.2andthinkthathavingacomputer will helpyoulearn. 3 thinks thatagoodreferencebookisimportant. 4 thinks that if youhearalangnage,you'llgetbetteratspeakingit.Ssaysthatreading can improveyourvocabulary. MoreWordstoLearn Writetranslationsand try torememberthewords.WordPronunciationTranslation~riment noun /ik'sperimont/ greatgrandmother'grert'grreIl1l1A5~' noun guide noun _ .... 'gaIdi..............phrasebook noun l'freIZbuk/complicated adjective I'kompIrkertrdlobligatory adjective ,~'blrqotri/ unbe~vable'incredible,AllbI'li:v~bI7 adjective /m'kredobl/ begoodat verb
fbi: gudret!against(therules)'~'gemst! preposition permitted /po'mrtrd/ Studyidea Think ofpersonalexamplestolearnnewwords.Whatareyougoodat?Whatisagainsttherules in yourschool? I !I I t r ~ t: I r fi!!fi!m, www.oup.comjeltjenglishfiiejpreintermediate E1 I, I i
Somepeoplebelievefootballisamatteroflifeanddeath.Itismuchmoreimportantthanthat 1VOCABULARY sport,prepositionsofmovement hComplete thesehtenceswiththecorrectform ofplaydo, or go. 1I...JJlf!J'... rugbyforalocalteam.2Howoftendoyou__swimming?3Myfather__golfeveryweekend. 4 Weoften__cyclingattheweekend.SMysisterjudotwiceaweek. 6I
can't__basketballbecauseI'mtooshort!cReadthedefinitions. Which ofthesports in aarethey? 1 In thissportyougodownhillsveryquickly.You fix twolongthinobjectstoyourboots.2 In this gametherearetwoteamsofnineplayers.Eachplayerhitsaballwithabat,thenrunsroundacircle. 3 Peoplewhoplaythissportareusuallyverytall.Theygetpointsbythrowingaballthroughanet. 4 Youoftenplaythissportindoors,butyoucanalsoplayitonabeach.Therearetwoteams.Firstyouhavetoth rowaballover a highnet,theuuseyourhandstostoptheballhittingthegroundonyourside.SYouusuallydothisindoors,but youcanalsodoitoutdoorsandeveninthesea.Youmoveyourarmsandlegstomovethroughwater.dUnde rlinetheprepositionsofmovement in c. 4ifinMWill SludenfsBookp.148 VocabularyBank 2GRAMMAR expressingmovement a Lookatthepicturesandwritesentenceswiththeseverbsandprepositions..cyclerow ftift gogetski.through llefe5fr outofdownupround 1 Thedog is running across theroad. 2 Thetrain____thetunneL
3 John_ ___the hilL 4 Themen____themountain.SShe____thecar. 6 They_____thelake.bLookatthepicture,readthestory,andcompleteitwiththeprepositions.outofunderp ast retII'Iti along (x 2) acrossintototowardsthrough LastdayatschoolforboywlthdirtY:$hoesL ,maM' StudenfsBookp.134 GrammarBank5D 3PRONUNCIATION prepositions Circle theprepositionwithadifferentsound. 1' $ acrossalongroundalongoverunder C throughdownfromtowardsout MoreWordstoLearn Writetranslationsand try torememberthewords.WordPronunciationTranslationfans noun IfrenzJ goal noun Ig~ull hole noun Ih~ull match noun ImretSI net
noun Inet! pitch noun IpItSI ~er noun /'plel~1stadium noun l'steldJ~m1 track noun /trek' score(agoal) verb Isb1 Completeeachspacewithoneword. 11 He'stoParisthreetimes.DAnnaarrivedyet.Ihopeshe'sOK. B TheAmericansdriveslow~thantheItalians. B He'stheintelligentboyintheschool. 6 Irseasymeetpeopleataparty. D I'mverylazy.Ihateexerdse. Ii ousmokeinhere.Irsagainsttherules. IJ Hedroveofthecarparkandintothestreet ! I ' f r I .1 I f1llTl@!1t!* www.oup.comjeltjenglishfilejpreinterrnediate
like to try asmallersize?BNo,thanks.I 3 tonthesmallsizeyesterdayandtheywere 4 tsmall. A Ohdear.Well,wouldyouliketoexchangethemforsomethingelse?BNo,I'dprefermymoneyback.CouldI havea 5 r. please? A Ofcourse.DoyouhavetheBYes, 6 h it is. 2SOCIALENGLISH Completethedialogues. 1A Wh_a_t_._ didyouthofNewYork?BItwasincredible. 2A Ididn'thaveenoughtimetoseeeverything. BNmind. A Whata 1 evening!BYes,it'sbeautiful,isn'tit? 4A Whatwyou 1'_ to drink? BAcoffee,please.S A Shallwegooutfordinner?BWhatagi.!6 A DidyoufindthePostOffice?BNo,Igot1. 3
READING UnionSquare UnionSquareisanimportantshoppingarea.Everymajordepartmentstoreisnearby,andthesquareisals oacentreforexclusiveandhighqualityfashions,withnameslikeDior,Armani,MarcJacobs,andYvesSai ntlaurentallhaving :[6i\!fgq~~ nthearea.Ifyoulike ItR~~' henSaturdayafternoonwouldbetheperfecttimetovisitIfyouprefertohavetheshopstoyourself,thengow henmostofSanFranciscoisworking.WeekdaymorningsarealwaysquietMoststoresareopenuntil8.00 p.m.,andsomeevenlater.Herearesomeofourfavourites. BORDERS: FourfloorsCDsinSanFrancisco.orlambswoolsweaters.ofbooks,videos,DVDs,Virginalsosellsmusi cAccessoriesindudehats,CDs,andmore.Thereisbooksandvideosandjackets,leatherbelts,andacaf eonthesecondhoststheoccasionalartistshoes.__floor..>e.rviQg_coffe_es_a_l1dill()_ui11_sig[]ing. _The_third__ 56 GrantAve.,,__pastries,anda.seatingfloorcafeispopular.(4J).7$Il:~Oir7._.area i8~do,iiJ Union 2 StocktonSt,Square.Specialevents, (415)3974525. likeauthorr~adings,areheldonthethirdfloor. BANANAREPUBLIC: Youcanfindthe (!ilf~ 400 PostSt,fashionsatpricesthat (415)3991633. aren'tcheapbut VIRGINMEGASTORE: :Wiin.rtt~ffiii'fl<lR~. This ll\l1~ hreestoreyTherearecasualdothesmusicstoreoffersoneofthatarestillsuitableforthelargestselection softheoffice,likecashmere CAMPER: ThisSpanishbasedcompanypresentscomfortableshoesinplayfulshapesandcolours.Thestore itselt isa'workinprogress',wherecustomerscanwriteordrawonthewalls. 39 GrantAve.
C 415)2961005. aReadthetext.Matchthe ~1@l~I~a: wordstotheirmeanings. I mostrecent 2 small,expensiveclothesshops 3 hasaviewover 4 won'tbeveryexpensive 5 lotsofpeople6verybig b Wherecouldyou...1Ibuyaguidetothe city 2listentoawriterreadingtheirnewbook3buyanewshirt4meetamusicstar5buyanewpairofboots6getavi ewoverUnionSquare latest Borders 1 GRAMMAR if + present, will + infinitive aMatchthesentencehalves.HerearesixmoreexamplesofMurphy'sLaw: 1 If youdon'tremembertotakeanumbrella, [f] 2 If you'reinahurry 0 3 If youlosesomething, 0
4 Ifyouforgettotakeamap, 0 5 Ifadoorsays'pull~ 0 6 Ifyou'relookingforapartner, 0 _c .l!_~QIDJ!thfug_vjIlgQW!'ollgtosillwy_Q]l d=._ by()U'1l get lost c it'llrain. t dwhenyoufinallymeetsomeoneyoulike,theywon'tlikeyou.eyou'llpushitfirst.fyou'llfinditinthelastplacey oulook. b Circlethecorrectform. I fyou @/ will take Vitamin C,youwon'tgetacold. 2 If theboysplayfootballthere,theybreak I will breakthewindow! 3 I'll call youtomorrowifIhear I will hearanynews. 4
If youstay I will stayinthathotel,it'llbeveryexpensive.5Jack is I will besad if hedoesn'tseeyoutomorrow.6 If yousee I will seeanaccident,callthepolice! 7 Youget I 'IIgetcold if yougooutwithoutacoat.8Ifyougotobedearlytonight,youfeel I will feelbetterinthemorning. Ifyouwanttofindyourprince,youwillhavetokissalotoffrogs. cReadandmatchthetextstothecorrectpictures, AG. TraditionsandSuperstitiol1s 1Thetoothfairy Ifachild __Jllili_ (put)alosttoothunderthepillowatnightthetoothfairy___(come)duringthenightandleavebehindsomem oney. 2 Goodluck o Ifthefrrstbutterflyyou(see)intheyeariswhite,you_(have)goodluckallyear. 0 Ifyou(walk)under a ladder,you(have)badluckforayear. 4
Throwingacoininafountain '0 Ifyou(throw)acoinintoawellorfountainand(make)awish,thewish(come)true. 5 Goldattheendofarainbow 0 Ifyou(dig)attheendofarainbow,you(frnd)gold: 6Mirrors o Ifyou(break)amirror,you__.__(have)sevenyearsbadluck. 7 Bees o Ifabee(fly)intoyourhome,soonyou(have)avisitor.Ifyou(kill)thebee,you___(have)badluck,orthevisitor ____(be)someoneyoudon'tlike. F r .1 / dCompletethetextswiththecorrectformoftheverbs in brackets. 'W$'. SludenfsBookp.llS GrammarBank6A
2VOCABULARYconfusingverbs Completethesentenceswiththecorrectverbs.Shewas wearing blueearringsand carrying aredhandbag.(carry,wear)2TigerWoods has alreadyalotofgolftournamentsandafortuneandhe's still quiteyoung.(earn,win) 3A Whatdidyourmum___ B
ShemeIcouldn'tgoouttonight.(saytell)4Jackwasthat his girlfriendwould call tosayshewassorry.He by thephonealleveningbut,unfortunately,shenevercalledhim.(hope,wait) 5 Myparentsthewholeweddingvideobutmybrotherdecidedtothephotosinstead.(lookat,watch) 6 I'veherforyears. I herwhenwewereatuniversity.(know,meet)7Ifyouthedinner,I'll_thewashingup.(do,make)8ADoIO K,Dad? B Youfantasticinfactyou_yourmumwhenshewasyoung.(look,looklike) fmnw' StudenfsBookp.149 VocabularyBank 3PRONUNCIATIONlongandshortvowels a Matcheachgroupofwordstothecorrectsound. 1 Italy fifty, spill IE] 2 seat,he,sleep 3 was,long,shop 4 bored,door,your 5 look,took,push o ooo 6do,supermarket,move 0 a[ID b[j] c~ d~
e OOfOO bPractisesayingthewords. EI MoreWordstoLearn Writetranslationsandtrytorememberthewords.WordPronunciationTranslationlaw noun flo:! queue noun /kju:! size noun IsaW simple adjective /'snnpl!investigate verb /m'vestrqert/ kill verb !laI/ run am verb IrAn a'weI!spill verb Isprl/ directly adverb /dr'rektli/ together adverb Ita'geoal Studyidea Irregularverbs 1 WhenyouIeamnewverbs,checkinthedictionaryto see if theyateregularorirregularinthepasttense...., 2
Iftheyareirregular,write IRR nexttotheverbinyourvocabularynotebook,andwritethepastsimpleformnexttoittoo. 3 Lookup investigate,kil~spil~ and run inyourdictionary.Whichone(s)isirregular?What'sthepastsimpleform? fi!!!lnf!ll' WWW.oup.comjeltjenglishfilejpre"intermediate1 (j RAMMAR if + past, would + infinitive a Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets. 1 If I had (have)acar, I woulddrive (drive)towork.2 If I c (see)atarantula,I(be)terrified! 3I (notknow)whattodo if I ____(find)amouseinmykitchen. 4 Whatyou(do) if you____(lose)yourjob? 5
Ifmysister(be)older,she ~==~ (come)withmetotheparty. t 6 Myparents(buy)abiggerhouse if they____(have)moremoney. b Orderthewordstocompletethesentencesandquestions. 1 I'd I shark I be I frightened I veryIf I awa _~2Lsh",ar,"k.~IL!J'dub",e"vcrv",'JfrilL!..,gh.!.Cte""n a d,___. 2saw I you I a I fire I if I do I you I wouldWhar_ 3 he I
if I sailing I could 1 swimHe'dgo,_ 4 new I lottery I clothes I won I she'd I lotsof I the I buyIfroe~_ 5 couldn't I if I would I do I they I people I watch I 1V Whar~__6 if I go1the/were
I to/doctor's I IIyouI'd_ fi!l@W. StudenfsBookp.136 GrammarBank6B Allanimalsareequalbutsomeanimalsaremoreequalthanothers. 2PRONUNCIATIONwordstress a Writethewords in thecorrectstressgroup.afraidanimalattackchickencrocodileinsectmosquitosafari 1 Twosyllables,stressonfirstsyllableQpen,~_ 2 Twosyllables,stressonsecondsyllable ailllYt_ 3 Threesyllables,stressonfirstsyllablefinally,_~~_4Threesyllables,stress enseeondsyllable dir~ction,~_ b Practisesaying the words. 3VOCABULARYanimals Completethecrossword. 'jM!" StudenfsBookp.l51 VocabularyBank
4READING aReadthefirstpartofthetextandtick(/)thethings you woulddo. IfyouwerehikingintheNorthAmericanwildernessandyousawabearcomingslowly towardsyou, whatwouldyoudo? 'I'dtalktoitquietly! 0 'I'dclimbatree! 0 'I'dwalkawayslowly! 0
'I'dpretendtobedead! 0 'I'dtrynottolookatit! 0 'I'dspraypepperin its eyes! 0 'I'dmakealoudnoise! 0 'I'dtrytofightit: 0 'I'drun! 0 b Nowreadtherestofthearticle.Whichsentenceisthebestsummary? 1 There'snothingyoucando if abearattacksyou. 2 There~t! lots ofthingsyou_cando if ~~earatt_acksyou. 3 Bearsalwaystrytoavoidpeople. Well,allofthesearepossiblethebestthingtododependsonthemoodthatthebearisin.Ifitcomestowards youslowly,expertssayyoushouldtalktoitquietly,walkawayasslowlyaspossible,anddon'tlookthebearin theeye.It'spossiblethatitwillloseinterest.Ifnot...thenbeaggressive,makeanoise,and '"i"'''C<'''i''h'''''' Ifthisdoesn'twork,andthebearcontinuestocometowardsyou,thenrun.Butonlyifyouaresurethatyouca nsomewheresafebeforethebearreachesyou.AndrememberthatbearscanrunasfastasanOlympicsp rinter.Don'tclimbatree.Bearsclimbthemandtheycanclimbbetterthanyoucan.Waterisalsonotsafe.Be arslovewaterandareexcellentswimmers.Ifyourcarisnearby, try togetinside.Ifabearattacksyou,thenyoucanpretendtobedead.Bearswhodon'twanttoeatyoumaylosei nterestandgoaway.Ifyouhave~~RReT~Rr~y,thenspray it inthebear'sface.Thisworks75%ofthetime.Thefinalpossibilityistong~I~~.Mostbearsaremuchbigg erandstrongerthanyou,buttheymaybesurprised.Ourfinaladvice?It'smuchbettertoavoidbearsthanto doanyofthethingsabove...
cLookatthe !WJigIt!~il, wordsorphrases.Whatdoyou think theymean?Checkwithyourdictionary. MoreWordstoLearn Writetranslationsandtrytorememberthewords.WordPronunciationTranslation(fiver) l5ankfiOUrl /l5a:l]l<J furcoat noun If3: but!pet noun Ipet! bark verb lba:kI climb(atree) verb /klarm/ disap!lI verb IdrS~'PI~1drown verb Idraun!lieon(theground) verb /laron/wave(yourarms) verb IweIVI weigh verb IwerJ r.nvnlllOn,:war thesequestioDs? D Wherewouldyougoonhofidayifyoucouldgoanywhere?!U\lVhatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery? ill Whatwouldyourfamilythink if youdecidedtoliveabroad? 11, Whatw?uldyoudo
if yousaw e fire? D Whatwouldyoudo if youlostyourmobile? 'w@m!t MuliiROM ''lAm. www.oup.comJelt(englishfileJpreintermediateThefirststeptogettingwhatyouwantoutoflifeisthis:De cidewhatyouwant 1GRAMMAR may I might aMaryis18and in herfinalyearatschool.She'sthinkingaboutherfuture.Completeherthoughtswith might andaverbfromthebox.fail ge gethavetoliverentsharecontinuenotwant Nextyear 11 mightgo to university.Or 12 ajobsoIcanstartsavingtobuyaflat.1 J livingathomewithmyfamilyor 14 aflat1 5 onmyOr1 8 myexams!~hno!Ifthathappens,1 9 stayatschoolforanotheryear.Why'slifesodifficult?Maybe1shoulddoacourseindecisionmaking! b Readthesentences.Circlethecorrectformof
may/ might (not). 1 If thetaxidoesn'tcomesoon,we ~I mightnotmissthetrain.2I'mreallytired.soImay I maynotgoouttonight.3Weloveskiingsowemight 1 mightnotgototheAlpsforournextholiday.4Suehasn'tpractisedmuchsoshemight 1 mightnotfailherdrivingtest.5Ihaven'tseenJimwithEllaforalongtime.Theymay 1 maynotbetogetheranymore.6 If youdolotsofhousework,yourmummight 1 mightnotgiveyousomemoney.7AIhaveatemperatureandaheadache.BOhdear,youmight 1 mightnothaveacold.8Myparentsmay 1 maynotcometothepartytheythinkthey'llbeonholidaythen. 'i!f1!ijm. Student's300k p.136 GrammarBank 6C 2PRONUNCIATION wordstress aUnderlinethestressedsyllable in thesewords. 1 organization2 invitation 3 election 4 information 5 imagination
6 translation 7 communication 8 decision b Practisesayingthewords. 3VOCABULARY nounformation aCompletethechartwith tion or sion nounsor__tht!_c,<>rj'e~~r!J.Qs~y,<>ur_dicti(m~ifnecessal}'.VerbNoun communication ommunicate conclude conclusioncorrectconfusiondemonstrateinjectorganizationpredictbCompletethesentenceswithver bsornounsfroma.1Andfinally,in conclusion, I'djustliketothankyouallverymuchforbeingheretoday.2Emailsandmobileshavemadeitmucheasierto 3Ineedtogotothedoctor'sforan_4Thescientistsgaveanimpressive_ofthenewrobot.5Letmemakea.,, aboutthefuture.Idon't think there will beanymoreglobalwars.6Canyouhelpmetheconference?
4READING hundredsofyears,andwillhavecomputersintheirbrains. t !!lComputersintheirbrains!Whatdoyoumean? ~Wewillsoonbeabletorepairthehumanbrain,andfinallyreplaceitcompletely.Inthefutureyoumightbea bletorecordallyourexperiencesonadisk,soyoucanrelivethemwhenyouwantto.Communicationwillb e100timesfastertoo.Nowwecommunicatebyspeaking,butinthefuturewemaycommunicatebythoug htsandimages. !!lWillwestilldie? ~Wemightbeabletoavoiddeath,replacingallourbodypartswhenweneedto.Ifyoudie,itmayonlybebych oice.Itcouldbeyourchoiceoritmightbethechoiceofthegovemmentthatrunsyourmindcomputer. !!lAndwhatwillhumansdowiththeirtime?
~Computerswilldoallthework.Allmanufacturingproductionwillbeautomated.Wemightjustenjoyours elveswhiletechnologydoeseverything. !!lWhataboutspacetravel? ~Wemighttakecontrolofspaceandlivetheretoo.TheremightbecoloniesonMarsoronotherplanets.Ro botswilltravelfarintothegalaxyandwemayfindalienlife. !!lButwillwebehappier? ~Well,I'manoptimist.Ithinkintheendmostofuswillbehappyandtheworldwillbeabetterplace.Butwhokn ows?aReadtheinterview.MarkthesentencesT(True)or F(False). 1People will belargerandlivemuchlongerinthefuture. _..I_ 2Wewon'tbeabletoreplaceourbrains.3Wemightbeabletocommunicatewithoutspeaking.4We will definitelynotdie.SWewon'tneedtowork.6Peopleandrobots will travelinspace.7Wewon'tfindanyaliens.8Theexpert thinks theworldmaybeabetter,happierplaceinthefuture. b Underlinefivewordsyoudon'tknow.Useyourdictionarytolookuptheirmeaningandpronunciation. 1GRAMMAR should/shouldn't aMatchthesentencestothepictutes.Completethemwith should or shouldn't. Writetranslationsand try torememberthewords.WordPronunciationTranslationQP.tions noun I'DpJnz/(in)decisive adjective Idr'SaISIVI ask for(advice) verb la:sk FYJ beIJillg verb IbI'lDlJI
changeyourmind verb ItJemd3 j~ mamd!com~ verb /kom'pea' confuse verb /bn'fju:z/makeadecision verb /merk~ dr'SI3Th' makealist verb /merk~lrst/ takeyourtime verb /teik jg tann/ IHe .Ilould haveahaircut. 1m 2Shebuyanewsweater. 0 3He drink coffee all day, 0 4'Yousmoke,it'sverybadforyou: 0 SShedrivewhenshe'stired, 0 6'Youdomoreexercise,' 0 'iM@" www,oup.comjeltjenglishfilejpreintermediate lowemysuccesstohavinglistenedrespectfullytotheverybestadvice,andthengoingawayanddoingthe exactopposite.
b Readthe problems, Completetheadvicewith shouldIshouldn't andaverbfromthebox.AIlovegoingoutatnightandthenwatchingTVwhenIgethome.Thetroubleis,I'mal waystiredatworkthenextday.WhatshouldIdo?CThereisareallyniceshirtonsaleinmylocalshop.It'sexp ensive,butIcanjustaffordit.ShouldIbuyit?FIhatewaitinginqueues.AfterabouttwominutesIgetreallyang ryandwanttohitsomeone.Pleasehelp. i I: l =: F r ' I Ell I My.colleague.earnsmore.moneythanIdo,butdoeshalftheamountofworkIt's really makingmeangry.WhatshouldIdo?EMychildrenaresixandnineyearsold.Theylovetowatchhorrorfilms, butwhentheydotheycan'tsleepatnight.Anyadvice?GI'm23andlonely.IworkfromhomeandInevergetac hancetomeetanybody.WhatshouldIdo?bego (xl) telt watchbuyjoin1You shouldtell yourboss.Hemightofferyoumoremoney. Il2I 2Yousoinrpatient.Trytorelaxmore. 0 3Youtobedsolate! 0 4Youtothedoctor'sinunediately. 0 SYouitbeforesomeoneelsedoes. 0 6Youadatingagency. 0 7Theyhorrormoviesatthatage! 0 cMatchtheadvicetotheproblemsin
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